Anil Chejara Roll No. 9003022 Group No.

FREE VORTEX
BACKGROUND: The motion of the fluid swirling rapidly around a centre is called a vortex. The speed and rate of rotation of the fluid in a free (irrotational) vortex are greatest at the centre, and decrease progressively with distance from the centre, whereas the speed of a forced (rotational) vortex is zero at the centre and increases proportional to the distance from the centre. In free vortex no external torque is applied. When water flows out of a vessel through a central hole in the base, a free vortex is formed, the degree of rotation being dependent in initial disturbance. The water moves spirally towards the centre with stream line in motion. If, while the mass is rotating, the central hole is plugged, the flow of water in the vertical plane ceases and the motion becomes one of simple rotation in the horizontal plane, and is known as free cylindrical vortex.

Under steady conditions, each particle will move with the same angular velocity and there will not be any relative motion between fluid particles. Streamlines for such a flow will be concentric circles and the total energy is constant along a streamline but varies from one streamline to another.
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AIM: To obtain the surface profile in a free vortex flow.

EXPERMINTAL SETUP: Power supply: Single Phase, 220 volts, 50 Hz, 5 Amp with earth. Water Supply Drain

PROCEDURE: Make sure that Apparatus is cleaned and made dust free and then drain valves are closed. The tank is filled to of its height and then the open flow control valve is opened. All switches are checked to be on OFF position. Now main power supply and pump are switched ON. Flow control valve is now operated and the orifice at the bottom of the tank is opened so that the water can be discharged outside at a steady rate. Now surface profile readings are taken when steady state is reached and surface elevation at r=0 is taken as the datum for all these readings.

ME-313 IIT-Gandhinagar

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CALCULATIONS:

X-Coordinate 31.45 35.31 35.7 36.42 37.03 39.02 42.19

Y-Coordinate 21.03 17.69 11.44 10.91 13.7 18.2 20.7

Free Vortex
22 20 Y-axis (cm) 18 16 14 12 10 30 32 34 36 38 X- axis (cm) 40 42 44

RESULT: Profile matches with the real life free vortex profile. ERROR:
Apparatus/water may be dirty. Parts might be rusted and not oiled properly. Error may be introduced if readings are taken before steady state.

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