m« h×nh qu¶n lý tæng hîp chÊt th¶i r¾n

vµ qui ho¹ch b·i ch«n lÊp r¸c ë miÒn trung viÖt nam
(Chñ nhiÖm Dù ¸n nghiªn cøu thö nghiÖm: GS. TSKH. Bïi V¨n Ga)
TËp tµi liÖu nµy ®óc kÕt nh÷ng kinh nghiÖm thu ®îc trong qu¸ tr×nh thùc
hiÖn dù ¸n thö nghiÖm t¹i §µ N½ng, do Trung t©m Nghiªn cøu B¶o vÖ M«i trêng - §¹i
häc §µ N½ng thùc hiÖn, vÒ qu¶n lý tæng hîp chÊt th¶i r¾n sinh ho¹t trong khu«n khæ
Dù ¸n Kinh tÕ ChÊt th¶i do CIDA tµi trî. TËp tµi liÖu nµy cã thÓ dïng ®Ó tham kh¶o
trong qui ho¹ch qu¶n lý tæng hîp chÊt th¶i r¾n. Nã còng cã thÓ ®îc sö dông ®Ó lµm
tµi liÖu tham kh¶o trong gi¶ng d¹y §¹i häc.
ViÖc xö lý chÊt th¶i r¾n mét c¸ch hîp lý ®· vµ ®ang ®Æt ra nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò bøc
xóc ®èi víi hÇu hÕt c¸c tØnh, thµnh cña níc ta. L©u nay, r¸c th¶i thêng ®îc ch«n lÊp
ë c¸c b·i r¸c lé thiªn h×nh thµnh mét c¸ch tù ph¸t. HÇu hÕt c¸c b·i r¸c nµy ®Òu thiÕu
hoÆc kh«ng cã c¸c hÖ thèng xö lý « nhiÔm l¹i thêng ®Æt gÇn khu d©n c, g©y nh÷ng
t¸c ®éng tiªu cùc ®èi víi m«i trêng vµ søc kháe céng ®ång. MÆt kh¸c, sù gia t¨ng
nhanh chãng cña tèc ®é ®« thÞ hãa vµ mËt ®é d©n c ë c¸c thµnh phè ®· g©y ra
nh÷ng ¸p lùc lín ®èi víi hÖ thèng qu¶n lý chÊt th¶i r¾n ®« thÞ hiÖn nay. ViÖc lùa
chän c«ng nghÖ xö lý r¸c vµ qui ho¹ch b·i ch«n lÊp r¸c mét c¸ch hîp lý v× vËy cã ý
nghÜa hÕt søc quan träng ®èi víi c«ng t¸c b¶o vÖ m«i trêng.
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Introduction to ChiaSe Poverty Alleviation Program

The objective of the Programme is to contribute to alleviating poverty in, and
achieving sustainable growth for, the country. Implementation of the Programme
commenced in November 2003. It is planned to run for five years. In the beginning,
the Programme covered the provinces of Ha Giang and Yen Bai in the north as well as
Quang Tri in the centre of Vietnam, and extended support at the national level. In the
future, additional provinces in other parts of the country are likely to join the
Programme.
While the Programme strives for reduced poverty and sustainable growth, it
contributes to the "rolling out" of the Government of Vietnam's Comprehensive
Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS).
The implementation of the Programme is led by a number of key principles,
including decentralisation and local involvement, equality and equity, transparency
and accountability, sustainability, and a strict focus on creating benefits for the poor
of the community.
The major instrument for support at the field level is a so-called Local
Development Fund (LDF) that can be accessed by beneficiaries through a sequence of
steps, also called the Local Planning and Management for Development (LPMD). More
than half of the financial resources of the entire Programme are dedicated to the LDF.