BAIYGLAI}ESH TJNTVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

ME 427: APPLIED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

#sstgmff,p#f?* *'f

Name:
Date of Submission

Aashique AIqm Benuan Std. No.:06 10 AI'2

Sec:'A'
Dept.:

Mechanical F.ngineering

ME 427: APPLIED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

BOOK

A: Solution of Initial Value Problem Part B: Solution of Boundary Value Problem by Finite
Part

Difference Method

Table of Contents

$:

ritte
Part A: Solution of Initial Value Problem
Simultaneous Solution of a Set of First Order Ordinary Differential Equations

Page Na.

1-8
9

Problem# 1,2,3
Solution of Higher Order Ordinary Differential Equaticns Problem # 4, 5, 6,7,8,9, l0

-?8

Solution of Non-Linear Problem Problem # ll Solution of Higher Order Partial Dffirential Eqtntions Problem# 12,13 Solution of Non-Linear Algebraic Equations Problem # 14,15,16

29

-32

33-39
40-47

Part B: Solution of Boundary Value Problem by Finite Difference Method

Boundary Value Problem with Dirichlet Problem # 17, 18, 19\

Typ Boundary Conditions

48-56
57-81 82*86
87 -9{)

Boundary Value Problem withNumann & Mixed Type Boundary Conditions Problem # 20,21,22

Finite Difference Solution of Eigen Value Problem Problem # 23 Transformation Relations for Polar & Cylindrical Co-ordinate Problem # 74,25 Finite Diflerence Solution for Polar & Cylindrical Co-ordinate Problem # 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 3 I

9t

-ttz

List of Figures
s/
No.
1

Figure Title
Lorenz Strange Attractor {using ODE45) Lorenz Strange AtFactor (using RK 4r' order system) Position of Satellite Beam Deflection (Cantilever) Temperatrne Profile of a Rod for insulation case Temperature Profile of a Rod exposed to Room Temperatrue Deflection of a Variable Cross Section Short Cantilever Beam Deflection of Beam (Comparison of Two Deflection Theo.y) Deflection of a Simply Supportd Beam Deflection of a Popped Cantilever Bam Axial Stress (max) along the axis of the Beam Shear Stress (avg) along the axis of the Beam Flexural Stress along the Beam Depth Horimntal Shear Stress along the Beam Depth Deflection of a Beam with linearly distributed loading Deflection of a Beam supported by an elastic element Radial Temprature Distribution of a Hollow Cylinder Radial Temperature Distribution of a Hollow Sphere Radial Temperature Distribution of a Solid Cylinder Radial Temperature Uistrilutiln of a Solid Sphere
\

Prablem

Page

2 3

4 5 6 7 8 I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

37 38 715 817 921 924 10 11 18 2A ?fi zfi 20 20 2L 22 27 ?8 30 31

28 32 55 61 63 65

67 69 75 81 97 101 108

112

List of .m Files

ffr.
1

.m Fite Titte

Ftmction

Problem

Page

RK4_sys

Runge Kutta 4e Order Method

38 7t4 818 921 I

11

?+
31

2 3

NewtonSys

Newton R-ryhson Method for Solving a Set of Equations

Gauss Elimination with row

16

47
51

GaussPivot

Pivoting

17,18,n, 21,n,27,
28,30,31

Part A

Solution of Initial Value Problems

1:
P!9blom

# L (Oaue: t9/ og/tt) {: A -l rc(o)- ol

W=-"J
SoluVion

u(o):r J

Find bho ls> sAep solubion uiv11 sbop

size

O.l

Given, x':b

Inibta| C;ondiDion, x-(O):O

U':-*
-TFlu$,

b(o):

#:A
dP

du -u

--K

For SimUlfuneOLLS eolubiort Of & eeD of lsD Order ADE,

dcc

6p-: f'(v'n'b)-b
ri+ *(t,*
zk2+2

da

d,
ectfrt:

ke+lxt) \rns+m)

%i*t: Vio* t^t+Lnzt nhoro, kt: g'-F, (st'i,*i'bi) lfrt: 0"f ,(Oirrcc,bi,)

kz: 1tf, (Yio k/t, ,Li+ Rr /2, bi + /2) n2: h+ ,(aA + k/2, reif Ktlz; Aromt/z)

nt

2:
kO: /"f t (Airklt,Li+ t4/2, Ui*^,/r) frg : 0t f ,(bi +/r/2, Ki* K1z , Uio rU/z)
l<q: htf t(ai*0', Ki+kO,
Ua

*ryy)

[/]4: htr(a;-r2t, x/,'f kb, bi*nQ

No4, Por, gvAp

() bir,:

bi+ h: OrO"l

O.t

kt: O.l x P, (O, O,@)- O./xl -o.l rr:rr : o. lx N, (o, o,l@) : o kz:O. lxt,(o O5,O.O5, l): O. lxl:

o'I

tnz: o.lx f, (o,o5, o.o5, t) : o.tx co.o') - -o- co5

ks:

o.l x f, (o 05, o.o5, 0.975)

ffie: o.tx rr(a,oe,o,o7,O.g7O) * O.I^F o 05) ':-Q. OO5 4: o.l x +r (o.(,O. ogT 5,, o.g5) * o.lxo.95 - Q.Og5

o.lxo.$v1:o.@v5

tf14:o.lx
ffiu's,

f2-(o.l ,o.og+5-,o.g5)

- Q.l^(- o.og75)
:-o.o0915
5 + o'o95)

Li*t- Q, t

(o.r

*z^o.l

2xo'og

Q.Og

Be
_

aiot: l+ t(o

2xo.oo7_ 2xo'oo7- O.oog75)

O.

gg5
o.os83

Ans:

x(o.i)
A@

r): o'sgo

3:
Pnoblom

#2

(Daue: I9/o9/tt)

9olve, bho Pollowing Oob

of

?4ua"?ions

o(-rL+d+rt rc(o):1]
V'= bb*x

J
O.5

b(o)

: -t J

o< b<r

1sr.x:)

lleo ebep sir<e of

Solubion

6iven,

x'-rtdtb

Inrbial Condi bicn,

U':aL)n
Thu,s,

40):l A@--l

# -Lyrrt

: f, (u,x, 0
lsv orde-r ODE,

t# - Db+*- rz(b''L'$
For simullzane.Ctlrs golu/ton- Ol aseb o+ %i+r-Ki * * Q<1+2kz+ Zksr k4)

: b i* * Qn,+ z tnzt- 2Tne*Yna) xi'bi) nhorQ., kr: Ltf t @ r'i'

Ua*,

{Ttr: 0"fz(vi, rci,bi) kz: 0,'f t (annh/2,tui tt*/z'bi"ru+/t)

mP/4) (ui+ htzrtui+Arlz,bt* hz: 0"lz kg: ht",(ai * h/2, Ki * k'/t, bi a nz lz) (ilg : 0'l r-(Vt+h'/ z t Xi + k'/2, b i+ n'/z) k4: h+1 (Aa +ht Li+ k-b, Ai, *^u) 714: A"b (ai * AL, Ni a kg t bt *frs)

4:
Alout,

for sUep I , biut: br-+ft-: OtO.5 - O.5 kt: O.O*{t(o, tr- t) : o-bxftx(-l) rOJ : - o.5 tTlt : O.5 x f"(O,, t,-t)- O.5x fO^er)+ l] : O.3 k z : O. 5 x F t (o. z O, O .7 b,- o.7 O) : O. O x fo: sx e0 75) +o 25J : - O.lOG25
trt

: Q 5 [ o. z 5x (- o -7 Q+ o'7 s] o'28t25 ks: O.5xf, (o. 25,o.gzt7r>.,- O. aOggz;) : o->x I o.9ztg45x(- o. 85gga5)+ o' zQ
z

o' 5 x sz (o . 25, o.7 5, - o 7 5)

o-2v I I tB

trte:

o. 5

: -

f.

(o.25, o. gzt 31 5,- o.A5gg1 5)

o.6x

[o.rsx(o.
l6

f,59e.75)+ o' 9zr8+5f

O.35 eO

4- o"5*f,( o.5) o.72ABB2,- o,646.48.4) - o. 5" I o.72a}Bzx(- o. G4c.484) + o.5f : e. Ol45go

tnl: O.5*fr(O.g, O.vzEbZz )-O'
G46'484)

o-5xfo 5^?o-a.4l4e.4)+ o;2e,8;e27

Q.zO 282
o-5

Ki*: x(o.e) : l+ *(

- o.v+f,60s

- zx ol 5625 -zx

o' 27 tt tB

+o'

q&sq

NOtr,,

for of,Ap 2 , bd+t: bi+ 0u: O. 5 +O.5 :

t

5:
I

kt: O.$*f, ( O"5,O.7+6A,-o.6+t3): - O.Ol O6G'6 fh t : o .5x f? (o. 6, 0.7+66,- o.6+ 3): O. 2 20 4+5
kz:
ffi z

o.5><fr (o.ts, o.771 267,- 0.5610G'25)- o. 11?8,636

O.5

f. (o.7 5, O.7 7 t 2c.7, -o.66to625):O. 175235 ks: o.5-r, (o.t5, o.Bo7gtB,. o.57g68g)- Q. Pe2oB
x
o.5

) ng:
rr14:

xfz(o.+5,o.Bo
r

5.9^18.,

- o.O\e6gg)
o. 2 o Ot44)

= o.4 tgl

56

k4: o.O * fr U, o.go gog,-

- o. egOAO]

o.5^Fz (t, o.gOt Aog- o.2oot{a): o.O2 Oez

-'.%t+t- K(t)

: o.geev 4A Ait,: x|U) o'oB27o2

Ans'.

b
o
o,5
I

K
I

-l

0.7+6,609 -0:6+t275

0.933746 -0.98270)

6:
Pr obtom

#3

(Dabez I9/a9/tt)

ThreO pero-mobers of a- ph6siu-l s6sDem is governeA A6 bho f otloning setu or e4P4s

K':-

grX*Old

A': )rc-b-Kz <': -ax+x6

Given, cr: lO ): za

b:

B/g

lrse iniyial condi bion for all bho varia'ble's a-s 5 ttttit' obbain bho sgttrDions f or O-{ r< lO e@ rksin8 a- s'eP size ol leec. Shoru Pke solubions on & sin$e graph.
5ol*aon 6iven,

{:-crct-ob A': )r-A-x= -/-- bx+xb

dr
dD

ulhexe,

o:tO

)):2o
b_ 8/3

Thus,

-3f

) r-A-x.=.

- tz (v,tU,=)

#
For sOlving A- seD of hhree lg,b order ODE uJa need bhrea iniviat vatue. Flere, *(O): g(O): z(O):5
Tho MAT LAO f uncb)on's for So{ving O- seb o} ql7z rcsing bho 764rah order ntun6>- Kubao- meahod and
A1O

irrpub

and oublonb a-re given bolou

Problem # 3 {Date: 19/09/11} (Using b'IATLAB Built in Ftmction ODE45) MATfuIB Functian

7:

function xprime : Lorenz(t,x); sig:1 6 ' beta:B /3;

rho:28; xprime- [-sig*x
{

1)

+sig*x (2) ; rho*x

(1

-x (2 ) -x {1 i *x {3},' -beta*x

3) +x

(1

*x (2) ] ;

InWt Command

>>x0:t5551

>> tspan : [0,10] >> plot (t. x) >> legend{ tx', 'y', 'z') >> xlabel {'Ti-me, t {sec} '} >> y1abe1- ( 'x, y, z' )
il'IATLAB Outtrut

'i,
4lF ;t

i 11 ,ll i,r

/ ..
I

,",

ii, i;1:ai!i:

',.j -

.i

j.. j ... !i-..\,

\j
iiJ i

i
l

rl , i r.; i.,,

I
I

.,a I

The Lorenz Strange Attractor

Lo!"*r slrtr"te .n,|lracltt
45

&l
I /
:1ll

' -/..-.. tt i(r

tI tl

')l
:

,'
,

1t' :IJ

'/

,r t,

it i ,l it ll t'n' '
!

t5
10

5L

Px'*h},es$ # 3

i**ie:

13.r$9ll

il

B:
ut1, :):
u0;

MATIAB Function
function [x, u] : RK4_sys{f, tspan, u0, n) a:tspail(1i; b:tspan{2i,- h: {b-ai/n; x: ia:h:b}'; for i : 1:n k1 : h*fevalif. x{i}, u{i,:}} r; k2 : b*fewal- (f, x(i) +h/2, u(i,:)+k1/2J' ; k3 : h*fewaf (f, x(1)+h./2, uti, z|+k212)'; k4 = h*feva1 {f , x {i) +h, u (i, : } +k3) ',u(i+1,:) : u (i,:) + k!/6 + k2/3 + k3/3 + k4l6;
end

Input Commsnd >> f : inline{' i {-u{1) *10+u{2}'10},' {28*u{1) -ui2}-u{3) *u(1} {-{8/3)*u{1)+u{1).u(2}) j','r','u'); >> [t, u] = RK4_sys(f, t0,101, f5, 5, 51, 10]t >> plot(t,u) >> legend { 'x' , 'y' , ' z' } >> xlabel ('Time, t (sec) ') >> ylabel('x, y, z')
MATI-ILB {}utout r--T-i I

},'

! tl;6

F\t*t;;gs

n*

!:t.d

i te:l

il
j
I i

L
I

i, l.' t-,'

ii l' t,
fir
i

ii
t,

li il
E
I I I I

l.i
r*-,-! 01lli5r: !--_-l---L,.L,Li--.78!

l
I I
I

-f

1i

qd&i I i:r!e:i

;{e d i!i':

e.cl

9:
Probtom

#4

(D at'e'-

tg/og/

tt)

Conver7 frho Pollouing probletrt ir'rpo an 4Jlivale1D iniDial valu,e problom

.

A"'* a{
A@):
Solubion

- b{- zA: fu t
{(o)= t

{/(o):o;

6iv8n,
rhuca,

a",

*ba"- bu'- 2g-@b

b(o):{'(o):o
u'(o):t

#*r#,-r$
bo M.a=,

-rb:tu>

+ #--b#,*r#+zb+b
To

atve & *tird order or=iTIS';?)U ao re-dt-L@ byle

sbs

probtem in
P4yPvDi on,

ou, of bhree fir'sb ordet

LoV

b:

-dg-- d,f- : 22 ^

{A:
du'

dP dr/

', zt@): A@):o

Zz(o): U'(o):t

dtz

d,1?

v - zo )
L

!3- * aF- d"

bze+Dzz+2ztD ) zo(o):{(o):O
VoJUe Problen' r(o)

An ' Eqtuivalanb tniaral

dz,

i Z"(o):l #-.Ze
#
Dzs-rbzz+221r

d':22

:O

b;

'zs(O):O

10:
Problem

#5

(oauo: A/Ogl tt)

ConvorA fhe-

f olloning 2-D o+ vibra-binB sbsvq^ invo an

eqwvalenb inibid value Problem.

SolsYisn

Governtng eq,ua7i orts For marss, ml

Acrelerabing lorce*J Z f

m,#

: - Fot- Fez--K1Kf kt@t-x-) d'xt ' + mrffi:- ktxt- kzxttkzXz

+V&*i",
frr
ma,sg,

;e-^"*dD2

?)

ffi, AcelerQft'tng ForCQ-:

+{ZF-- Fez:-k2(r'-xS

) ^rffi Rzxo+ k"x-4 -l + i d'x,_ Vff-+^zKz-*':"

Lnibol C,ondibion
aD D:o 1-,*r:o
( *r:O

11_:
To solve a- stdsrem of bno se"c.ond ordor ODE nuneri*JlA, HQ nee.d ao reduco vha Vrobtem bo a

e}rern

of Four tirsU order eq/uo.VionS

Leb Kt: zt , h_:zo -@- - dzt : 22 - zt(o): KtLo): - z , tz,/n\:1,/o):O db da

# :#
dr" *-:
dzg

: - #, [{u,*a4 Z 1- k'=eJ', =,(o):4(o)=(

:
2.4

d,

\
[-

ze(O)

: %'(A)-O
z.t@) -x"(o)

#: *# : - #.
dz,
d,

o'zo

- t<'=,f ;

Ans: EqwvatenD inibial vatuQ problarn

-Zo1
fl1

zt(O):O

dz' -- (
ola
rlzo Y--.z-

[k,*k)zt-u-z=u7
;
z.s(O):O

'z'(o):o

da

7. <'1
tYTz

9a: - * Su,4- k,zt7 ; d,

za(o)

:o

12:
)oblom # 6 (oqve: 24/ oO / t t) Converb bho fottoruing 2-D of vibra\inB
Qn e4luivAtenD in.ibial vatu.e probtem.
Cr
A

s?6sbern

into

L-

t1 tJ3;
la

f"sintful

IT
Tr11

k1

r "l

I-

7u"
2

fTl

31r
Solubion Gove,rn'tn\

I ?uu

L2

ltuabians
lhrt

For

mclss.,

^,ffirq#

*C.r(#-ffi+k61+t+@rp)
:
Fo ei

nbD

For rna*.

ff12""

,"ffi+cz(#- #S +cg# r R,Qr;xf u<sx'=c

To solve a- sbssem of bu)o second order oDE nurnor)uttg, b@ l1erztJ Uo reduee Pho Problem bo a3?ds1ern of f our f irs? order eq/ua"biom s
Letz, X-1: z. 1 , x2:Z-3

#:#Ye:

22

1 z-r:xt(o)
xr(o)

t7

dx"-: -d-? : d3 df/

24 ) -s-

*L.,Zztc,G"-za)+Q^ru')<y :*u - f"si nutu]

+ cg

# :#

hL"'?q-=-)

z4 * k2z t +(k*xeYfl

13:
Problem

#7

(Oatez z4/o9/ tt)

If

qro rnode., tthe eTt-nbions of mobion of & sabDeibo o-round a- @bral bodu qre
same simplifging o-ssr,r-rnPuions

A:-4rs A:-Wrs
whers., r=

x(o)= o'4 , x(o) - o

b(o)

-o,

b@):z

Plov bho solubions on a-graph.

Solubion

[*rgtlt/z Evaludve x- qrtd b For fz: o'5 (o'e) to'o

6i ven, Qover ni ng Eqiuafr)ons,

tdb'- Z
d? di"
To solve

7^3

r9):o-4,x'(o):o
nhare,

- -rt

y: fc&+A1'r'

a seb ol bwo second order OOE- nLLmericallt4, tlJO nwd Ao redUce Vhe probtem bo A-sbsaem ol
Le-tt,

Four firs A order eQluadon.

X: z( , b: z.g dx -) -2,(o):x-(o):aola-dzi - 1z dr -? d'^ - A= =, ..=. ; zr(a): K(o):A -dtM

fz1'+z-$)ut"

: d? * z4, zb(o) - td(o) - o o,t dv 4:e: d,t. : - = =3 ==, ) zq(o): b(9:2 : do AF l=,'* zrtJe/z
qg

Probl,en # 7 fl)ate
MATI-AB Fmction

24f|9/ll)

L4:

end

funclion [x, u] : RK4_sys if, tspan, u0, n) a: tspan(1); b: tspan{2); h: (b-a)/n; x: (a:h:b)'; u(1, :} : u0; for i : l:n k1: h*feval(f, x(i), uti,:))'; k2 : h*feva1 {f, x(i)+h12. u(i,:)+k7/21 ,; k3: h*fevaL(,f , xli)+h/2, u{ir:)+k2 lZ},; k4 : h*feval (f, x{i)+h, u{i,:)+k3) '; u{i+1,:} : u {i,:) + k1/6 + k2/3 + k3l3 + k4/6;

Iw*
>>

f : inline('

Command

>> [t, u] : >> plot (t,u(. rL),t,u{ :,3} ) >> legend(txtr'y') >> xlabel ('Time, t (sec)') >> ylabel { I Position (unj_t) ' ) >> title { 'Position of the Satal-.1-ite'
MATLAB Otrtput

i (u (2)) ; (-u{1,)/(sqrt(u(l)^2+u(3t ^2) )^3) ; {ut4) ); {-u{3) /{sqrt(u(1}^2+u{3)^2i )^3i l','t','u'); RK4*sys{f, [0, 10], [0.4, 0, 0, 2f, 50];

t
0.5000
1-

0000

I .5000 2.0000 2.5000 3.0000 3.5000 4.0000 4.5000 s. 0000 5,5000

6. 0000 6 - 5000 7 . 0000
7

-0.06s9 0. 6159 -o -6292 0.7984 -1.0487 0 7 r27 -1.3391 0. 534 9 -1.5173 0 - 3111 -1.5929 0.0658 -1-5697 -0. 1837
-7 - 4468 -o - 4212

-4.2L16 -0.621L -a -8692 -0 - 769s -o -3824 -0.?806 a.22AO -0. 4580

0. 2550
a-

4442

.5000

I .0000
8.5000
9. 0000

-0.34?3 -0.8436 -1. 1995

-J.

.4341

0.7719 0.7718 0. 6334 0 .4294

9.5000 10. 0000

-L.5625 0 . 1916 -1.5891 -0. 0583 -1.5178 -0.3045

15:

Position of the Satallite

Probbm # 7

0.5

g c 5

o tt,
{L

c -nq
o

-1

-1.5

-2
5 10

Time, t {sec}

16:
Problem

#I

@aW: 24/og/

I t)

of bhe given @ndtover bq'm dua 6 ibs se-/f weighD ontt4- The Soverni,^B e4pa'vion of ivs
Find ahe. dof ter-bion

de:ftec,vion is,

tr#:PB[,- (#)'fu" [*(*- *) * #l

Givon, L: 2m, P: to kg/mu , IE = /4o o t<glne/s' Ueo a. s@p size oF a.4 n. thow bho defreevion of ahe otausvic glffvo on
Solr-ltzion
Q'

graph '

Givgyt, Gover dmA qlua?i or1,

# #
:

[," (#)z1e/z [n(*-

i) " * I

7ni Dial Condi ai ort '

&D, x-:o

orilu

To oolue & s,aond order aDE, Ne ne-bo\ tu raduco ohe qlUabian Uo O- s6sf/em al A)ro firsD otder qluavlons'
Le-b,

e : *- : # [t *=t]e/z [x@-i) ** ]' d/: de- LE L

9b: + :22 ) zt(o): dN d/-

A: =,

U(o):O

zr(o): A,p): o

17:

Beam Deflection Problem # 8

-0_5

-0.4

{.3
-02
-0"1

c o o (l,
G
(u

0.'t

0-2

0.3

4.4

0.5

o.2

0"4

0.6

Problem # 8 fl)ate: 24lt)9/11)

MATLAB Ftmction

1B:
uOi

function [x, u] : RK4*sys{f, tspan, u0, n) a: tspan(1); b: tspan{2}; h: (b-ai/n; x: (a:h:b)'; u(1, :} : for i : 1:n k1 - h*feva]{f, x(i). u(i,:))',. k2 : h*feva1 {f, x(ii+h/2, u(i,:}+k1/2}'; k3 : h*feval-if. xliJ+b/2,,:{1, :)+k2/2)' ; k4 : h*feval(f, x{i}+h, u(i,:)+k3}'; u(i+1,;) : u (i,:) + ki/6 + k2/3 + k3/3 + k4/6;
end

Input Command .5)+4

>> f : inline('[(u{21);

j)l',

't','u');

{(10*9.81) /24OO}*{ (1+u12}^2}^{3/2) }*{t*it-

>> >> >> >> >> >> >>

plot (t, u (:, 1) ) xlabel ('Length, (m) ') ylabel ('Deflection, (m) ') title { 'Beam Def lect.ion' ) axis ('ij ') hold on stem{t, u(:,1).'k')

19:
Problom

#9

(oate.: z4/o9/t0
(O:
gteal Rod
zc.m)

T:40'C

Troom = zO"C ,

T=ZOO'1

O @

Find tzho bemperab*re distzri bubian in ?horod nhen Ahe onbire rod sirr*ace is Vhe,rmalh6 insalat/ed'
Find bho 1omperqbure dis2ri bubion uhe rod is a--xfosed bo room air.

in bho rod whon

Solwuion Governing Aq/U"AA\on oF bernperaVurC. disDri bu7iort For Q" rod u,th\ch is bher m atlg insula Aed, t2+ boundar b Condivlon,

+=[
cJx'

Ab %:O, T:4O"C

ab X-: lO,T:
To SotUe
eqtr

\OO"C

a S Uond order ODE n?Lrre-ricatlr6, ao need Vo

a s$sbam of
Aato

rOdtrcO Ahe, probem Ao

aDion
,

firsD o-rder

Lor/,

T: z(
dzt

d'r dz'
dza^ dx

dT dr

dtc

22 ;
o

<r(o)

:T(o):40

20:
This is boundarg valuo problern, vo eoll/e aha problem wibh bho inivial ualuo boc.hniqpn Ne, need ,o Bzress bhe eecond eondiVion and @mPa.re vhe boundar\ vaLue
c,ozrdi b)on
bt4

aiht ahe glven boundarU

Loh,

zr(o): lo 2r(0): lO

A gain, LeD,

K o
I

T
4o

x
o
,

z,(o)=zo zr(o): tG T T K
o
I

lin*r

rlturPolaDo

40

40

50

60
70
BO

60 80
(oo
(20
14c,

56
72

o
4 6
G

3
4 5

e
4

a8
l04
12c.

9o
l@o

6
7

lto
12Cl

t60 too
2(o-C^

6
7 a

te6
152

I
to

teo
14c

a g
lo

l6a
t8'4

220
24c,

g
lo

200

' ' T(ro) : I4O'c

Thus,

T(lo) T(to):

24O"c

T ((O) : 2OO'e'

="(O):

# I*:o: t6

21:
Problem # 9 fa) fi)ate: 24l$9/11) MATfuIB Function

fr:nctlcn lx, ul : RK4_sys{f, tspan, u0, n} a: tspan(1); b: tspan(2i; h: {b-a}/n; x: (a:h:b)'; u(1, :) : u0; for i : 1:n k1 - h*feval{f, xti , u(i,:))'; k2 : h*feval(f, x{i}+h/2' u{i,:l+kL/2,\'; k3 : h*feva1 (f , x{i)+b/2, u{i, : )+k2/2}'; k4 : h*fevai (f, x{i) +h, u(i, : } +k3) '; (i,:) + k!/6 + k2/3 + k3/3 + k4/6; u{i+1,:)
end

Inoat Command

>> f : inline (' [ (u (2) ] ;01 ' , 't', 'u') ;

>> plot{t. u{:,1)) >> xlabel ('Length. (n)') >> y1abe1 {'Ternperature ( \circC) '} >> title{'Temperature Profile of the Rod at j-nsuiation case') >> xlimi [0, 10] ) >> ylin(140, 2001)
MATLAB OuWt
Temp*rature Frofle rrf the Fod a! in:ulatinn c*se

?ilil

tfifi
16*
; \ <
r$

trrLJ ,ln

d'
{l}

F--

r*n
Gr-l

sn
r{U

01:l{56783iil
Length, {mi

22:
SoluttOn
GOvernir'rA 26yltgt7ion

o* bho bempe.rabure dis vribubiort

Por

&

fod Whieh is ex+osed vo room Sempera.DurvQt

+ #-#ff-G):o
=+

"o#g-: ox-

Po,(T-r,)

-o

Ooundan\

Cond''vion

eU )c:OrT:4O" C

ab L: lO,T:ZodC

M(r-zo)
Nhete, M:
P0L

KA

ODE ntLrnoriallg, ue neeA bo redUc-e- AhO problem bo & aPem of Aloo f irs V ordet
To satve
Q4ua-aiofl
,

a selond order

Lev, 'T: Zt
*dr

_ d=f _ <z ) zt(O)-T (O): 40 dx dr

M

d'T _ dz, dr-z dx

-:

(=,-2o)

Evaluabjnq

For e2a(nle.ss 9beel, K: lV N/n-K Lea, /l-s consrd or , fo - 25 N/n'-K

P- r'D: 4'(o'o2)
A: ry/4 (o.o2)t zs*@.o?) _ 2g4. t M_
17

z, (o.ot)'

23:
-t\

lhr;

tf;

O-

problem

boudary value Probten, Do solvo bhe nibh ahe \ni Aiat value Urchnique ue ne.ed

soc-ond e'ondi vio''t aD inivial efuDe and @mparO bhe bourtdary Value. ulvh Vho giren bounda'U
bo gL(ass bho

@ndi?ion

Lert'

='(0):600 T ro
I

Ag

n, Leb,zt(O)=

IOOO z"(O):789
2C

b6l\xsar

inresPolaVion

40
46.3 53.4

L o
I

T
40 50.3

T
40

o
I
2

48,2 57.2 67.2

6t.6
+4

c
4 5

6r.5
vo.B

3
4 5
G

3
4 5
(o

8B.t
lO4.z
122.7
144.9

78.7

6
a

Bl.6 94.g lo9.l

t26.5
t47.
I

gl.g
1o7.3 125.2

I
to
-"- T- (to1

a 9
IO

169.5
199.2

146,2
t

I
to

+o.9
I

t+t.4

zO4.l

200.

: IVI'4'c C
'

- -T(to): 234

.I"C " .T(to)- 20OJ"e

1fru,s,
(Here,

drt _ zr(o): d^ |fu=O -7Og

L is )n
em)
I

Problem # 9 {b} {Date: 24109/11} MATUIB Function

24:

function lx, ul : RK4*sys (f. tspan, uC, n) (a:h:b)'; u(1. :) : u0; a : tspan{l); b : tspan(2}; h : ib-a)ln; : 1:n for i k1 - h*feva]'(f, x(i), u{i,:))'; k2 : h*feva] {f , xtL')+h/2f uii-,: l+k1/2}' ; k3 : h*ferral (f, x{i)+n/2t u{i, : )+k2/2)' ; k4 : h*feval-(f, x(i)+h, u(i,:)+k3)'; u(i+1,:) : u {i,:) + kll6 + k2/3 + k3/3 + k4/6; eld
Input Cammsnd

>> f : inline(' [(u(2));0]','t','u');

>> plot(t*100, ui:,1) ) >> xla-bel ('LenEth, {cm) '} >> y1abel {'Temperature ( \circC) '; >> titie('Temperature Profile of the Rod exposed to Room Temper:ature') >> xlim( [0, 10] ) >> ylim( [40, 200] )

MATIAB Output
Trgrnpsvalure Frc'trl* c'{the R*d

*eptsed tn Fc'r,r'n Tenipera!ure

?m
r

fttl

.f- r*:

i
F

1:o
tnn
'I

qr

t:

*it
6fi

4*

fi1?3,{56789'iil
L*nglh icm)

25:
Proble,m

#to

(oate,..25/og/ t t)

Fr'nd bho froo-ond displaceme-nD of ?hu varia-ble cross- Eq.Vion shorb CqnVilane,r rnaAe Of e@

L: 42!/, e-: l Q", b- 4" t D: l//

fi=
2OOOO tb-in

comPa're t/o*r nu-mericd rosul> uibh ec<-aett O-n al6Vi CO-l One. For nz,Lrner?crat S olubi on S rrb - di ride t'he beo-m a.bteo-sb into 3 seAme,nvs.
Solut ion Ctoverrun$ e4y-nViort,

Inibia( Colrdl ?iort,

a-V 2L:

=t#:
For

M@

o,{b-o

Lb"-o

a catAitever be,am wibh var'obla c/oss-sec.D)on, momonD o+ inerAia is e_ {z*nc:tsr on of 2{, nidvh ab any babi orL,,x-: + @- b)+b
.' . Momenv of

rnerbia

aD

x. r -

i, ,{ffta*b)

"4u

26:

Tu*, ut+b-

pr@

+ E [+rl7(a-u)+*']#:M
4 3ox6l$-", L+?(rof+
4)

^fl'#

- 2eo o o

o, Sbeel , E - 3ox (oc tat /in" (zote ei]

o'ol
r.

* {+ ez-l-r4}"#:oor
=+ &d*tT:o

r \)'A- l+t @z-4*olu

hhe- saconc]

numei,u\6, Ne need Vo redLLce ahe e4luabion in bo & sbsZern of vvo firsz

ODt=

sdve

order

order e4pa7i on Lev,

b: =t d?-- d;zt -'= ; 'z1-2 dx-

dx- -

7t (o) : Alo) :

o.ol

{+@2-4-+! 5o/ vin$ using Mabt"ab , wi ah r1o of se4rnonD - 3

TF.u,

) z" (o): A)'@):o

bho Free encl

displa'ee rnenD

O-O22"

27:
AnatTbical Solubian
Qi ve.n, Gover
n'(

nA EqUaDi on,
o.o
I

d'a _

dx-"

t+c- z-Q*43u

+ffi- o-o, t4 -+(x-o*-u

I-n begra7lng,

#'Agat n, I-n

o-

ot (*)

L4- ? V- o43-'*c4 "

be$rattinV,

b: o.o t (A @ 14 - + (*-+"ljl-t-sing

-t-

c1r+

condibiort,

ln@ &@

Ct: a4: -

O'1xtO
O"O245

b:o_ ot^${4- Z@o*-t+ +Nou),

'

s.endx--o'

c.245

At), X-:

L:42, b:

O-

2205

-Thrt;, Vhe f

re.oend disp (acemonfs : O'O22O5"'

2B:

Deflection of the Variable Cross Section Short Cantilever Beam Problem # 10 -0.025

-0.02

{.015
-0.01

.g

-0.005

o -a
()
{t)

o o

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

29:
Problem

# tl

(ootp: z6/og/tt)
=20kN

Qiven, EI:25xlO4 N-m2 Find bho deflenvion of bhe above

qabtlOvq bo-seA en bhe.

following buo consid eraDions;

(o)
(to)

g^al

dof tecaion theorg

t-arge daf tec?ion bheor|

Use a, Sbe+ srze of L/g A,rd shou bhe Dwo solerbio n in agra-ph as ndt a,s in a. Table.
Solubion

Governlng Uyuottion

for rra(( de+tecAion

ab

#:#M@
To solvQ.

dl@rA Intbi6ll condi viort

x:o,{L b- O

b'-o

vho eecond order ODE n?Lrner't@ll?4, NQ need bo reduce ahe qpaVion in Uo a- bs Dern of a/0 li rs? ordq q/uaAtcrt
LeD'

; z,(o)*b(o) :o #:*+-zz \ zz(o) :td'@):o #:#:#

U: =,

30:
Govern'ny e4uabion

lor

large. dar tecvion *te,or6,

: '# # 6
T6

M v()

* D

" (*t)"fs /' :,' Y ,a:o "f;:'q"

sotvea- second order OOZ numericaltg, uo nrr;S bo redue *to probLem Uo a- gbsvem oF auo firsa order eqpra?ion,

Leb A: =r d& _ 1t,

dx

dx

# #
:
Expr*ion For Moment:
vl
I

: -n i <t(o):U(o) -o : #[, * =;fu/', z.l4 :Ul@) =o

z-

r(xru)

.'.

(N-4 V4:- zOooo/-

Problcm # 1,1 il)ate: 26/{}9/11}

IIIATLAB Function

31:

end

funct.ion [x, u] : RK4_sys{f, tspan, u0, n) a: tspan(1); b: tspan(2); h: (b-a)/n; x: (a:h:b)'; utl. :) : u0; for -i : 1:n k1 : h*feva}{f, x(i), u{-i,:)),; k2 : h*feva1 {f. x (i} +h12, u {i, : } +k712]i , ; k3 : ir*ferral{f, xlz)+n/2, u{i_,:}+k2/2)tt k4 : h*feval(f, x(i)+h, u(i,:)+k3)'; u(i+l,:) : u {i,:) + k1/6 + k2/3 + k3/3 + k4l6;
Command

Irp*

>> f : inline{' [{u12)} ; |2AE3*L/2584} ]','t','u,}

12)

>> f : inline (' [ {u 12) } ; { {2083*t/2584} * {1+u

^2} ^ l3/2} ) ]','t','u'

);

>> p1-ot{t, u{:,1}, t, vi:,1)) >> xlabel i'tength, {m} ') >> ylabel { 'Dellect j-on, {m) ' } >> tit]e {'Deflection of Bearn {comparision of rwo Defl-ection Theory) ' ) >> axis ('ij') >> grid on )> legend ( 'LarEe' , 'Snal_l! )

MATMB Au@ut
Small deflection
0
U

Theorv

Deflection Large Deflection Theorv

0

0.4000 0. 8000
1-

0.0009 0.0068
0-

0.0009 0.0068
00-

2000

0230

0231 1073

1 - 6000

2.0000

0-0546 0. 1067

0.0547

32:

Defletkx of Beam (Comparision

Probbm #

of Two Deflection Theory)

11

0.02

0.04

()
o G o

c.oe

0.08

0,1

4.12 o.2 0.4

0.6

0.8

1
Length, (m)

1.2

1,4

1.6

1.8

33:
Problsm

12 (OaYe". 26/oOt t) Find ahe__, aaah|biql soluo ion bo Phe *ollow)^g

I"V P

#rs#-o l
#+2#:c
ttz(x,o):
$olwbion
Tha
J

-oc <.2C< oC

C<b<w

Ini>i&l Condi ,ion$, tL,@,c): f Q)

gUA

g*n

pOE,s

an be wr'taben in fute form

l#1. + {u4" LAltr'J:{o}

LeV, tLS aSSUrne

art*l J#l ro ojl# :{:} L'

O
bh'
solZtAion

as

l"l

==

[ P] {oJ

{:,7,31
a- ffiobrtr- UhOeO ulUtmrtS vocrtors of maVrix- A

Lpl

1-s

oto Aho e,t1erl

34:
N oal,

{ur3:Lpl{vfi

{"4:LpJ{"4
Frorn

O fpl 1"3+ [A]Lpl{"}: to]

{v"3+ [pT'

=+

[e]Lpll"l: to]
uhOee e,lene]4 Ps &re

{"4o [of {"1 :{o3

tDl is a- diago na[ mayrir aha etgenvatue ol tAl

Eigi^ value
Eige-n

of tAl: Nt:4, fu;:-4

.

voctors of tAl

For

fut:4, {il

fur, fuz:-4,
-rhurc,

f?]
o^l{&"1 :{

:rz :^l , [pJ:[1 '] tol

N'u

r: {il*

:}

35:
7hus, bhe equa7ions beorne6lrr
ot92

AD

+_

.L El2t

&r -Q I

&P
For bhis b6ee

_/J '

OA, &X-

:o J

of un@&pled paraial

diffen e-nhal
Nave.

?4pabions, solubion is knoun a,s , Travelting So/ u-bion', uhidt is as fol(ords:

V, (re,v):

Q@-4D)

vr@,D): Y@f4b)
ttlhe;e, p and Y are buo arbiVrarU tuncblons, uhie.h will be deaernined from ahe appliu.abn oF I.C-s
AJou,

{LI:tpt{31
Qenora( Solubions

= [?

-il{?,823}

of

Dhe

given OEQs

ut(hb): 2 6(K*4u)- 2V (ry q

tr^@v)=

Ae4q+Y@"<o)

36:
Inirtal UndiaionC
rnibiaL cond

ivion@

u,@a):g@: y') (o)* VV)..

ft il{rg}:{;g:
l+t4 -zl

fl@:%:+Lr@-2tn",lJ -:l

Y@-Ft: +[zs(eut @ p)

l7 s(91 z
I

r @l

: * tr t*- 4b) -2gl*- 4')l- tLtZ@*4b) (s-- oo)J

-f

tb@a)=

* t,t"- 4D)-zg(r- u)J* ILza@*4b)

*F(*-t4ril

37:
Proble,rrt

# 3 (OaPe'. 8/ to/ t Find bheE"noral s oluvion o bha PDEs

I
t).

#+ff*X*-o
Y;*4H**L-o
9of

avion

Thogr^ q/L@Dio1s @n be uri7ben in bho form'

{'#}-[;;]&]
=) I"fi+LAf
LeD, bho

:{:}
C
a-s

t,&l:{.1

gluDion fu' aesl'l;rned

{"3: fpl t"l

Lpl is a. maDr\rc uhoee ulumns aro Uhe -8*
VeoDore

of

1.76bftx-

tAl

{w3: [P] t"'J Iq: tpl 1"4

3B:
Noao,

FronO

tPJL"8 + tAl t Pl 1"1: {oJ =+ loo3* L ef 'Ia] t11 1"4: to] =+ lvr3n ol {v.3: I o]
I Dl is a dia"g, cnal mavrizc ushoee e-lemeintzs aro e.igen vafues of LA]
Ei6en vatues Eigen vechof,s
For,
bhe

ol LAJ , fu,:3, Lz--l

of LA7
{;}

fu: e

For fu:-l

rol:[3
Alort),

?l
J

tr]

'f

:f', -;l

f rofi,

1. [z:] Lov
) to, ,-

lor

I oltt

{#}

:{:}

39:
Aloal, Ahe

qluaAions ahocome,
ovt -- zol9, aD ' u &*L: o I

#-#:o
For bhis
e4luafr)ong, sOlUVion
Sol uaion>,

J'

%pn o+ uncoupled Varai6rl differenui'al

is knonn as
'

"Travell'1ny blave

uhioh is as folloajs

v,@d: @@-eQ
v'@,D): ( (x+ b)

uhue,
Nou:'

ard Y ore Dao arbiVrarb funcdoytE, uhi*',

can be deverm\ned frotn ?he applioaa\ort o{

I.cs

{I:J
Qe-ne-raL
.S

: f eJlY;,}: [; -:J{i,ff\
OE@s

olubians of bhe give-n

ur @, b)

0 (o- ou) Q

(f*u)

uz@tD): 2

@-e0+ 2V(ffE

40:
Problom

#14 (Oavo: 9/ to/ t)

Find bho eolrr?ion5

of ahe follotnting non-linqr

Take, x-o:bo: 2.828

aeb

ol ea,unnons.

%'-{: 4
x3+
Sol ubion

t:

16

Q\ven, EqnVions.

t-6':4 t
x-'*bt

16 J

thus, F, tnU) - 7'' -A" - 4

fr-@,e: tu2+6-16
Norl

, zhe ilacobian

maDrix-,

rilr:
Aloau

L,* ,;J lL;ob)/: L oL

: { t, }n*' t"rlK

l--: +l

fzx -"b1

, Dha soLMion is dven, bb

[ dn]

-r

t ri|o
|

ushete,

K-

ho

'

of i aera bion-

lberabion N.o I (K:o\,

41:
r3'r--

ffi}
:
=+

: {;z:..\ ,

t:::2 i2z2]
1

ro'Jlf,:"? 33?31
fz

12

ozal fo.oaa

o.oEzlJ-4

s2uJ- L-o.oes o.oaal

f o. oos J

{;,} -I
Lu,Jf ru? _

f ola l

z4v6J (K:t\

Iberauion No

Lr'J: { ozJ : ?,} L

o.
I

[:;: '45\
J t2
Ltz"4o J
o, J

-i3::]

I o.rs j

Lz.<v6J- L-o. ro,

f o.otg o.ozsl f -o.ora?

o.24e J

+{eJ
Ibe rabion Alo. A (N:r)

[o,]l: fo' e24 -<'agel +"*eaJ

:173J} {z}
J1-o.o

Lu.s24

tu,J
=)

[n"1: J o.t62 1 - foo+s o.ozsI Io.oooal iqgJ t- o.to2 o.tot oo

\'

{T,}: {:12;
(

t::l

:1""J

Sotu-btons a,ro

tu: 2.4\9

2c: 3.162

42:
Problem

15 (oava: 9/tot tt)

Finql bhosolxhions
eqt-taDions

of vho fotlowin$ nonlineqr se?

r'+28:zz l Zr-'-x16+et6: ll
J

ra.ke,ti:::'u

@ons, x"+2t:2'
2*r_^%+o\:
Aloru,
P,

Soluuion

/l

@3)

: t+28'*-22

fr@,C: Lx:-*16t36-tl
Aloaj

[g eal ,* 4t6 I L) [d]=l';,:B"l:1, . u-*l L-J L;; frl ?*-u

I

, bhe Aacobian mabrix-, f

1he Sotu7ions are g\vert Ug.

t^r1s' {*,}K- tn iJ-' t ti J^

rberabion No. I (t'<:o).

K:no. of

Aherq

ber

t','] tdTL t-:Z: lT,]:

{aJ:t','} -r:i;:
{T}:
I
+

o.z9t 1.75\

o.tool

:":lJJ t-' 9,5 J

=

iz],\ ra'f

t:;?;

t0.7641
t.

t2o

43:
Iberabion
No.

2 (N: t\

In\ : -f r.a++ 1- l-o.o24 0.2261 J- 3.994J \v,J: lr.orJ L o.tor - o oeJ Lu nurJ + fT"1 : {'inon'I - [a2J- L::tr':::") tsii: lE ':"]
Lberaaion No. e (rc=z)

{&}:t:Hl=)

L o-oss -o o uJ to.o' J

f- o.org

o.2t+

1 f o.zogl

{tr\:t

z3

,l Laul:L:
Jq?: f o-<1

\qJ:to..J

{a}: {z} -h# t;] : lsl + {frJ : lA3 {s:J

-Z:7,',1,1

So(nbtons Are

x.:2

lu:s

44:
Pnoblom

# 16 (Dat o'. to/ to/ tt)

I
Load

**"

De\le?ion

Be_haviou<r

of Spr-g1

Fr:5g8xatGC6O*?

ry: 657Kt * 919 rf Fs: 6 g /-s* I% rZ

LoaA

Pt:- (2C wtit' Pz- 3gB wiv

Find bho epring derPleLbion s
Solr,r,Dion
.

To give-n proble,v4 is a- nantine.a-r algebtro,'te q/uaoiort bbpo prab@n, ulherg, Ltr ond (bore bha lln*r
disp{ocefnenv

of bho bato l-be-a.n

{

To soluo vho probtem for epring daf s.cbiort, firsD ue nee$ ao forrn bhO Frcndamerrfu,l goVerrtlng q/D4 in VerlrtS

o+

{ar d_/rd

as

45:
For I-beo.m
I

aa F:

Pt+Fsr- Fst :

O
Pt

+ - l2o + 657r-t+9 pre-598x1

+
59

6o6o%i

-O

Fr-

lut+6a6ou?- LntT (u;u)

{-srs(ts-qu} *-

t20. . .

(i)

For

I- bean 2

g > F: Pt- Fsg - Fs": Q

+ gg3 - 657rz-t9
I

Qx3,

- 6e xe Fsz i
Fs>ii

I
I

_tg6

4:o
: 3gB

1i-

>-fr.,
I

=+ 65+(ua-,r,) + e f g (LB- rr.)'

tL_ r----l i

+69
NoN,
(uo

u.s -t-l g 6 uZ

"

(r,)

---l

un): -t20 - 597ut fr(u,, ue) - 99 B* 697 (us- u)- gr9 (rra- u)u_69 r.tg - /96 a3
F,

6OG Ouf + 65V

(u3-tt) *g t9(4-u)

fia ilacobiaru marfir

f --t _f LaJz+s7(u;us)L tSeouf- t255 2V57@,*uga65+ 1 * 27ot (urw)L oB tfr*7 t4 (ur - us)I asr I_ zro +

46:
Aloao,

ahe eo(ubion

is 6ruen, b?4,

{L}^.: {,?}"- [a"r'{:"[

nhere,

K:no' of i veravion-

t/-sin6 trlaUlob,

{u3tnu8)

{ o. o a491
Lo.4szt
J

tur: Ltt: O'OO4. unib Lz : ?.Lg-LLr: O-42V2 tmiO tuO:W: 0.<321 UniD

Probfien # t6' {kls:I0/l$ll

l}
kmax}

47:

MATLAB Function fur,c:icir x : Neertonsys{F, J, x0, tol,

xold = x0; iter = 1;

whrle {iter <= }cnaxi y : -feva1(J, xold) \ feval(F, xold); xnew=xold+y'; dif = nom(xnew - xold),' disp( [iter xnew dif] ); if dif <: tol x : xnebr; disp l ':lar.: i
xol-d = xnew;
garC

: ::.:..--

:,:s

--a:r-.'er:{ea:' ) ,

re:l::-,'

iter=iter+1,'
erli
disp (' ];en:.r n:e:l:,: : dli r,.-, ::::-.-: : ::

x = xnew;

:-i'

InWt Command
>> F = inline('[-120-598*x(1)-6060rxi1)^'3+657*(x{2}-x(1))^3+919*(x(2)-x(1))^3; 398-657* (x (2) -x (1) ) -919* {x (2} -x {1) } ^3-69*x (2) -I96* x(2) ^31' ) ; >> J = i-n1ine('L-ZlSl' (x(1)-x(2))^2-18180*x(1)^2-1255, 2'157* (x(1)-x(2\\^2+65'7; 27 51 * {x ( 1 ) -x {2) | ^2+ 651, -27 5'7 * {x ( 1} -x (2) ) ^2-588*x (2) ^2-7 26}' ) ; >> x0 = [0, 0]; >> tol = 0.00001,'
>> maxit : 50;

>> x = ilewtonsys(F, J, x0, tol, maxit)

MATLAB Output

Iteration x (1) x(2) 1.0000 0.3637 0.8773 2.0000

0.

dx
0 -9497

1856

0.

6132

0.3185
0
_

3.0000 0.0618 0.48s0 4.0000 0.0101 0.4371 5.0000 0-0050 6.0000 0.0049
0 0

1783

0.0705
0-0071
0

-4322 .4321

.0001

7.0000 0.0049 0.4321

Newton method has converged

0.0000

x= 0-0049
0-432r

Part B

Solution of Bound"ry Value Problems by Finite Difference Method

48:
Pnoblom

# 17 (Dat,oz l6/ lO/tt)

(a@-o
taal='e

A"*A+t-O

Solvo bho Oou*nda;u Value Problern bg Finive Differenec,

M

e'bhod.

Sol ytbi on

Disc.rOV'izAVion
t1 ll il

of

"ha

Domatrt

io
Me,sh Lengbh,

k: b-o,

4-O

:l

GsvernjnT Eq/uztViort

_fa dx|+ bt l: o

o
t:o
for
A" difreYenee e.x4rrassioYr-

V*,-?ktt+Bla +bc+ h'

frrsing o+ ordar

cen

nal

O(te)J

+
+
:+

Ua*r

* - 2At* Ar,* dw* rt-o

U;*,

+ (P3- z) Ai + Ai*,

- - h'
,.

bi_t

Ai -t

bi*t- -l tr

49:
Sbenctl
l=i ni

bO

Di

ffesert@, Mebh o d EVencil

for bhe BNern'mA

di+re.renaal eq/uabi ofr ,

For in?qnal nodes

L:2,

A:A,%e+-l
A"-Uy*U<: t

i:3,

t:4,

Ae- lI4+Ug:-

i:I,
L: 5,
JfittAt aho

Ur:o

w:o
rQue.4 eb of
e4/uaDiorr e

-b"*Uo

--l U"-Us+ $a: -l

As- Sa: I

50:
AJor,,r>

Vho globa( coelfictenD rna.brir,

LAI{Y}:{*

lr
lhuq
9olubron

f-r tollu,

rllt:1:fi}

tlsin6 Gaacss Elinitnablory ui7h ro^) pivonnB,

S2: -2

%g:-O

A4:-2

zLi
O
I

V;
o _?

-3
-2
o

3
4

51":
Problem {. 17 {Date:
16/1011 1}

MATIAB .m File function X : GaussPlvot {A,

B}

] : size(A) ; pl : size {B) ; lm1, [n,

n1
i f -: n1
LLL '

errcr
end
if ^ *:

('":
(

:r' :':

1,'),

error lABl
: -

al uL! ,

gn,:1

c:
{^-

1.-_1

I pivot, k I : flrax{absiCii:n, i)}}; if k >

iamnl Lur.!t/f

: Cti+k-l, '-); C(i' :) C(itk-1, :) = LemPl; onri rn(i+1:n, i) : -C{i+1:n. i) /C(i, i); Cii+1:n, :) : C(i+1:n, :) + m{i+1:n, i)*Cii.
enC

Cli vti,

.i' -lt

rl,

(n, 1:p) :

(nr n+1:n+p) lC ln, n) ; (C(i, n+1:n+p) - C{i, i+1:n)*X(i-+1:n, 1:p) ) /C{L, i);
MATLAB Aatput

fcr!:n-1:-1:1 X(i, 1rp)

end

Inpat

>>A: A:

Qommand
i_1 i 0 1-1 1 0 1-11

C: -1 1 1 -1 0 1
-1
-1

-11C01-1-L l-1
n 1

1 _1

>>r:t-1
-1

y: -11
-2 -3 -2

r: -1
_1

-1

52:
?roblon # lB (oate : t6/ tot t t) A simplg g&pporbd beam column is s ub6ect'ed bo & t'rartgvet'se and a.,x-ib-l toa.dinl b6 Pa'ramebe,rs P&9' ThodeflecAion of bhe Sbru-ct/Ure is governod bY the
fottowing DEg

tt#--

pU+* q/---+q%^

Given, Axto-l Load, P: /OkN InDensiby at bransv ers o lo aAi n B ,g: 4o o o N/n Len7bh, L= 5 m

EI:26xlo4

-m2

Find bhe de{lecbiort of bl'te beqrn col&rnn b6 FDM"

q,

P+7

L_l
9olubion

K1

t__. "
V;

l(:,

'/.t

"

-=T---I
Vi K;

L:5nt Mesh Lonyah,

0': +9-

53:
Govarnirq Eauaaion

,t#+pa-+q%L**q/t=
+ Er

ry+

pbc-

* qLxr * *gnf: o
ri + *q,ti/ru :o

+ Er (Arr,-2Ai*Ac-)*pW - *qtei +zeri :O

* uc-, - (z - ?rl 6i r bi*,- + k

+Ai-,-#ar*ai+t:
Sbeneil

#-ffi

7t

For inbernal nodes

5t2 i: 2, ar-EtSrUz:6o

i: e, a"-*ue+b'a:k i: 4, ae-*ro'as:# (: 5, aq-*ae*aa:A

54:
For bouno)artA nodes

i:|,
i:6,
thtt^S, Ahe-

ur

:o
Q

aa-

redUCed se-b

of

e4lua7ions,
2 :dT

- % \rrlds bz
It

5t

5t 26 LetUq

03
lt

*Ae zG Uq

5t

69 3 :65
1.

--

Aq- 26 6a
Gto bal Cooff'ciena
\'lg1a

51

- 65

ri x-

Equa2iorL,

-Pt 26

o
5t
26

o
o
I

br
Ae
Aq
AE

65
_a_

r-*r
o
IJ^;s'tng

65 3
2

G5

5t 26

65
Piv

Gaass Etiminabion ui7h

rot

oblng'

[?;.] Eii:::L ' {u}: 1 wl: 1- o,s*sf

I urj

L"

- o. og55 - o. tb69 - o.p6g

o*os)

o.

0855

55:

Deflectbn of the Beam Problem #18

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05
E

o
(J

G (l,

(1}

o
-0,05

-0"1

-0.15

4.2

33.54
Lenght, x (m)

56:
Problem

#19

(DaLez I7/tA/ II)

eq-+ rx,#-+G I \-^

dx4 dx,
I

O --sin (qn')
e4Pabion

Find bhe, e4uivalenD

Sol ubion

FD

Given, qtuaaion,

#*t#+&At:sin (o*) Aloru la,r- 2Li-f Qi-,f + o(tt) #ln: f

d40 -w *,: #
I

[6n'-

4@i''r- 6

i-

a do-'"

I t4'qh1

fkentral differenc> exPrr2ssicn

Thut,
Zho

ol order z?l
fri-')

givan equaflon
4 @c:,t-r 6Qt

t^ O*f

- 4Lc-t+ Qi-,]- # fu,*,-z@i* + e46i:sin qo4)

)
+

+ (aa-+)97'' (d0."--4) @io,+ (6 -2d6 +-fro") 9t Qi*r+

+Qrt:

t"Asin

@6)

sin(a'4) + PrQt' n fu 01-t+ bc^-t: ha 6i*r-+ P, Qi*,

@r-'
I'

Qn-,

Vt

vi'
,_/"

Qitt
I
>{

(f , tz

ih (-2

i-r

'',' / t. ,h

(+t

{}2

57:
Problem

# 20 (Oa+,ez t7 / to/ t t)

Qiven :
Find I. Def

L:6

rn,

g:4kN/m, EL- 26xto4 N -rnz

Poppt2,3- Ccrrtb"tlevor boa-rn

lscLicn cwrve of tho

bg trDM

Cf qxia-l Sbrezs3 o"long bhe be-a'm qxis congide,ring bhe beam X-secl,,ion sq&are 3. DiSAriUuDiort of shu-r sbress o"long Lhe boa.m o-rcis fottowing bhz ccndiDilon "f @ 4. How a.re bhe disbri bubions of axta,l a;'rd shm"r sbrosS ctlon,4 bettrn depth a1> mid_ span secbion
2. Disbri bubion SoluDion
Dis

craAizabion
Ao

of
)t (,)

aho donnain
il

UI

t
/^/./f

:
--

't. ll
L/,

'.t

.C
I
I I
I

,,

y4,

[1

/,/^

lA

I I

"rr lt
.>

::1\

+*-----

;:6m

Mosh LonBvh, h'= 6

6'O

-*

I rtr

58:
GoverninT futuabion

_{T: d4
+

q@)
ET

ba*r- Abrir+ 6Aa- a1t-,+

Ai-t: #e,@

=+ Ai+r- 4Aiu,n
SVancil

l 6bt- Ui-,+bi-z: 65

For inyornal nodas

i:2, ):9,

Ao-

4y;

6bn-44uoW<:

t: 4,

i: 5, i: 6,

a; 4a"+ 6!o- 4Aq*bs: O A,-4bu+6Ur.- 4Au*M:# Ae-4Uo*6Uo-4Aa+Ur: # Vq-a4s* 6b- A+*Ua:*

5e:
For boundartd nodes

L: l,

/ r: O

i:7, Ar: O
ET b"

A'lr:t--o abtrbrt l:e ZA" i=r

I

Ii:*- o
I

;W/=o h'
+ Aa:Ae

i=7"

4
-l4b<c,

Ao:at

+ Aa*2U+*lFo
eeb of
e4/ua,Viong,

7he recJtced

:O - 4br+6bu-r-,A<u4E : O Ur- 4r4e+6bq-44u*Ua : *6 Ue- 4r6a-r6Ae-aAa: # b4- 4Ae* aba = *b 7ryr-4bu+Uq

1hus, frhe globat eooff icie.nD

^6pitx-

qtuoFion,

-4
I

o
o

: -4 ? 3l [X] I :] -:
D

:-'ol1,;,1 : -4 ) J
e(

o o Ts
I

G5

La,

66

60:
t,tsirB Gaass lV"
Elimi nabian,

lau

o.olo2 o -0282
1 0.o4r3

laq =
Lba

lru

o.o368
o.o t7 e

{,a}:

o.olo2 o.0282 o. o4le

o-0o68
o. ot73

Do+te,caion aA

different
o.olo2m

node

Ur: on

w:

Ue: O. O282rn lJq: O'o 4bm Ae: o'o 368m

Ib:

o'ot7gm

U+: o rn

61:

tleflection of a Popped Cantilever Beam

Problem # 20

-0.05

-0,04

4.03
-0.02

= E
o .F
()
(u

{.01

o
0.01

0.0-2

0.03

0.04

0.05
3

Length, L {m)

62:
Axtal J7ress alonl ahe, ax,ts
MarryTyyx

ol

Dho beam

ftry-wal rgDrass is given bg,

o: McM r/c _M s r
A/or,t;

ulhere,

M- benStrtg
Tnorneltv

, M: EI #

9 - sernion

modulus

Mi:=tIWJ
LAi*, -

oi : _ EIr s

zbi-Ai4f
ZUt

=+ oi : 26 x lO4 x 6

(Af,-

*Ar*,)

ffor .sq/uare , . \ o
secvton

--)D- G

, q - 21xto4^ 6 (bo-- 2bt+ A) : Ol ,e2 kPa : kPa L: 2, Or: )6x16 ^6 (b -2 tdzr|,d l2.lV i:3, oe: 26x(6* A (U2-2WtA1): - 7.64 kPa i:4, cq: z6xt&^6 (bg- 2UqnAu): - 2v.46 kPq t=5t %- 26xt6^a (bq- zba+Aa) 2g.4 uPa i: 6, % - 2Gnt6 e (bE- 2ba*b) : O .43 kpcr i=7, c+: 26x(d\nG (Ua - zyt*Ae) : 53.gA kpa.
L=
I
.x.

63:

AxblStess {max} along the axis of the Beam

Problem # 20

Length, L (m)

ffi:
thaar Sare.ss alonT bhe, arcis ol bho Baam
Shaar fore- is given bty,
v

- '- r du4 ='r dx-g

W

For,

nodo 2- 6,

/n:
EI EI

EI
t{i-t47Ai*r-r75Ui+z-Ai+s
g ou?

For, nodo i:t, Vf/n:

f.For nat"d

diftereneo

Jo r rnula ot oto"il

For

node i=7, Vi/A:

3b;o-t4

tdi-6+24

tdi-t te\r:,+;tdi

2h3

fAacuword diffar ence formuta of otdl

For Qluaro saCbiort,
I

A:lxl : I m"
Uq] /S

/t : - o 'exPo" (: g, ve/a:2;xto4 t-Ar+2U;2b,;A1/t: - o"o t<Pai:4, V,,/A- 2axtd FUz+2U;2Ue*Mf /z: - /. I kPa" L: 5, Ve/A - )GNd FAu*2Ar,- zAu*br] /z : z. G kPa i: G, valA : 26xtf f-U4+2fu- 2b+r Us] /z : 6 .4 RPa i: v, vz/tl: 26xtoa se6e- l4bq* AAn- Bua+ e'arf /z
(,':2, Vz/A 26xtd [A"* 2Ua2Ae*A"] -

i: , /A: 2 6xt o4 IA ,- t47 U"+"o g;

v,

--

6 -6 kPq

O.2 kPa

65:

Shear Stress (avg) along the axis of the Beam Problem # 20

v,

oP

ui

o o
L L

g>

ct

Length, L (m)

66:
Flercural 9brees a)ong ahe

bam

dopvh

Flex,ural s?rase is given bt4

+ ab nnid span, i-4, M:EILffi + fvl: 26 xt 6 (Au-zbo*bdF

aa 6:0., o: 4576xO t/r"
(

o-:

s1\lrot M: bending

rnomenD

- 4 576 Po-

-o
(O.gaWa

av u: o-l , cr: -4lvaxo. I _ _ 5.5 kPa /rz

aa A: O.2, v: -4 o76xO.z (/tz
-45vOx0.3 eb b:O.3, c: ---T/t" : - l6.6kPa

ab b:o,A, ci-: -457 6x0.4 _ t

/rz

2l .96Apa-

ab b: g'5, o-: -45v6x0,5 _ t/e

27.4

6L<pa.

67:

FlexuralStress along the Beam Depth Probbm # 20 -0.5

-4.4

4.3
-a-2

-0.1 E
.g

o(u
0.1

0.2

0.3

o.4

0.5 Flexural Stress, o (kPa)

68:
Shoar S7rose alon1 bhe beam depDh
5he,ar s?a"ass f sr aocvion
D

,* Aiven br4'
ehmr foreo
inerbio'

-#

whore, V-

9: efea moTnenb of
,

For r^cAangutar soc-Diorl

(-/ 2r \ 4 2' 12
1

u/
[aV rrid span

- t?t 3 _!__ -b) --\ T--:-T(4_ \a _u"\ L)'/

\/*-lgaP^l

) a: -7BvS(+-U")
ab,

b:O, [: -/gGg'5Pa'

ab b:O.t, T--tBgO-ZzPa aa b: O-2 ) U: - t654 " Ob Paab A:o'9, T- -12 60'49 Pa ab A- o.4, z : - VA9 -oz Pc^ eb A: O.5 v- O Pa-

69:

Horizontal Shear Sbess along the Beam Depth Problem # 20

-0.

{-4
4.3
-a_2

-0.1

E -c 0
o(l)

0.1

4.2

0.3

0_4

0.

70:
P

robl en

# 2l (D qt,e: 23/ t0/ I t)

A canyi lever sub4ecDod tto q" linoarlg d;spnibwrcd

IoaAin6
q,(x)

qir"n,

L= 6 rn EL = zdxlo4 N-m'

q,lq):J%@-RNlm
of bha benm-

Find bha do{locbion ourvo

DiscreVizaVion

ol

bhe doma\rt

71:
q@ -d-b: Erd4

biu;4Ai*,oObf -_Abi-,f bi-r:

-\ -

q@

Ui*r 4bi*,+

4i - br-[*=-ffi

a6-x

Sbencil
Vt-,

Ai*,

-4

-7

For jnbernal nodes

L=

2, Ao- 4 At

6gr- 4A,* A,a:,#

J-

+
2,

i: 3, i: 4,
L: 9,
i-- 6,

V,- 4bru^r66-4Aq+Us:

k # Q"- 4ryun GU',- 4bu*U: & *" ve- a uq-t 6 us- 4 aa*a+ : * + ffi teo
Vq- 4t4g+6 Aa-4Ar+U&:

72:

u'li:,:o

-hl 4 Ao:U"
L:7,

-^, Ui*,-Act I :Q
L=l

=r U" li:7:

)Et-

) Aa-2A+*be- o + as-2a+-u
Er Uo'l*r: o

+ET
=> Ae +2A6 2Uz*
=+ Ug :
U.g

.:Q [:7

4\o-4ba-

As

73:
In bh'e Dtdpe of problern, bho add',Et6p6l numbar of nodes rq7lro an cddi7rcnAl Q4/uADion ac solre
lp6pkuard differonc-a formula &^ be apalia6 bo reduce Dhq ftLLmbe.r of tmd?)inar\ nadal po'tnb bub Ute-./efoc-ess mak@\s
't

all

Phe nodal poinP. -Tha

bhe mglobal

coolliaenb mabrirc umplica-b"!

7hab,s

ue applA ahe Zoverning eqfuqD|orL Ao Ahe ^hb boundar^U noc)al po'rnb 3o have bhe addi vi onal e4/uabion'
Apply,ing Govern'tne eqna

lor i:Z
o

ue_ aba+ 6a+_

4ue*us:

+-

4ba*2Ar -.C)

thus, 7he re.duced sob of q/uazions,

=r4r- 4U.* Aq -4ar+ e,a; aga+%e e2
I

65

V^- aAs* 6br-4b"*A"

Us-

aAq+ 6 Ue-4lbnbt

: t56
I
I

260

AA-aUs+ OU6

2A+:

4Aa+2A7

zaO
O

74:
*(hus, bhe global

coellicienb m&r\x,
o
I

-4

-4
l

a-4

o o o
O
O
I

At

5Z

o
a

-46 -4 I l-4 6 -4 ol -4 5
OO
o -4

Aq

3 260
(

65

AE

-2
2

too

Ua A+

260
O

l,Ls)ng Gaotss Elininabion niUh rou) p)vo"ing

U'
Us
Aq

)
I

r o 0354 I
o.o2Go
o-o 862

o"ots3

bs
Va

J- o ot'o

ll

Az

L- o -tt z5

o. otg3

{u}:

o.o354 o. o zao - o. ot60 - o.o 862 - o.lv25

75:

hfiection of Beam
Problem #21
*1

-s.8

{.6
-0.4

4.2

i o
F

o {D o

4.2

0,4

0.6

0.8

Length, L {m}

76:
Problem #22 (Do,be: 2"/
tOt t t)

q= 4kN
-->K

k=tRNlm

4 eanVf @ver subjecbed Do uatif or dis?ri bubed ^lU I oa.dinB p ar o16 and i De free ond is rosdng on ar1 e)asbic supporD.
Solubion
Dis creb't

zabion of Fhe do rna'tn qUe

'.) ^ ab

Ug

r--+ ,t. / , It I
!
Mash Lengvh,

'i/.t

'xt
L1

'tj
t4

----i
{

/,, jL /

k:*:

trn

q/ !fu- Et dB-

=)

A*;Aai*,+ 6Ur -

Ai-,+Air:-4 q/

=) Ui-r- 4Un366t

- 4Ui*,+Vi*r: *u

77:
SbenciI

For

in?erna( nodas

i: 2, U,-AA,+ 6gz- 4Au*A',: Q i:3, Ur 4A"*6Ue-4U<*As: O

i- 4, 6r- 4 6s+6brt - aAs +rg :

# t: 5, Us-4t64+6bo-4batUz: # i:6, Ua- 4A<-t 6Uu- 4 U+*b s: #

i:l , ar: o
u'li:,:o
-\ -

At*r-bd-t
zh"

=O (,:l

=+

ao: U"

78:

i:7, EI A,"li:+: - kAr

tli:r: - lou U+ + El Ai*'-2t\i',+2ui-aUi-" zhb
t

+-Uo+ 2Ua-zAsrg
=+ Us-2Au-

s: - #t-

#*2Ae-Ug:O
kU+nG
6xtos

EI A"li:T: -

-_ + ET Htu-2hc+Aa1I t,:7 t

"'

6,

=+

# + aa-#u+*as:
Aa-2V++UA:-

For bhis bgpe of problem ne need ano?her eq* bo salre all vhe nodal poi nb,, App(UitA goverrting

eqVL Do node

i:

V,

As-ary^t 6U+-AAa+Ug

:#

79:
-lht'LE,

hte reduced eD ol e4uaVions,

o
o
I

AutArt -4 A"+ @Ae-4Ao*Ve U,- 4Au+-6aa-aUu+Uo

zAr_4

65
I

Ue-4U',+6 As-4M*U=
Ua_ aAs

6e
(

+6A; a bz*Ve
+2As-Us

(oO

Ae- 4A^* 6U*-4ba*bg

ET
o o

As-zAa-#
Ua-

ffiU+*ae

thlts, hhe. globa( coefficie.nD maDrirc q/,@don,

oo OO o -4t -4 6-4 to oo C l oc o -46 -4 6-4 IO o o t-4

7
I

br
Ue

c
I

bq

65
I

o o

oo oo

ol

As Ao

o -46 -4t t-4 6-4

I

65
/-E (OJ
(

| -2

rgo

ln /
t
I

*l

b+
As

c OC

25+ -too

65 o
o

bg

BO:
U^sing Gau^ss Etiminabion

uizh ral PivoVin?t

U'
Us
W1

o.l t54

o.eggr
o-791o l. 22Bz
t

Us

Aa
Uv

6640

z.06Va

Ua

z.47sg
2-7e rc

o
o.t to4

o.egg7

{u3-

o.793
l. 2 282 l- c64O

2.O6V8

81:

Defiection of Beam

Prablem#22

E .q ()
F

6) (u

Length, L (m)

Probten #23 (Dabe,'- 24/ to/tt). A glondor colurnn sub6ecbed bo an ogtal comPre,esve
rll

82:

/oading

\,

-x
Find bhe critiu,l
9olu.Dion

buckling loacl

Ueqobtzo-b'ton
'r)

ol bho doma,rn

.*
X1

t\e*h

Le,nBvh,

^-+
f Momena

,t#: Mkg-- Pt6 *ffi"(#)a:o

+#*tu^A:o

ab ana

eocai on Mx-:-PUJ

[. A,:rl

v-l
o

*W*73gi:o

83:
For inbor nal noclaS
{=2,
Ur+

}itt-4/"*Ae
A'+ 01A'4Us*bq be* 0:K_4a{as
U

i:9,
i- 4,
L:
TI,

:o :o
:o
r_,* (fu"1r<z1gn+Un*

For boundarLnodes

i:t,
i:
t'tt-t

Sr

:o

t An*,: O

Far bhis A6Ve of problern minirnl-Lm numbe.r oJ ge\rnenD req/utrea, v1 : 2

,

For

, T1: 2
o

(nit'"-4Ar+ Ti/'i: z + 7i ('/z)" - 2

=+

fr-+
PAffi
ET
l-v. --

L2

=> 'l

EEI
L-

lz

84:
For n: ?

Itxr-z)aafue:o

Lu"u (t3h'- ue: o

:3{ lGtr-M1.leue:o ' l-tb;t4,+Ftre: ?)UFo

+
=+
1\f

_,/h, ,/n,_r]1rrl: L lrol- r

f ,tr

_7i

-,/h,

I I a"l

I c"l

1,i
ulhere.rAl=7fr;

ufl{ul:tol
-/A,
,/Ao

/A

okJ, f

or E igen valuee of t Al

|-

lr/^'-',v.,

'/^'
*

"/h'-7)

l:O
I

=) (z/a" - At)" -

-Q
o
C)

+
=)

4/a4

7J

- a/A"fu^" -',/ho -

71
41

- </n"V3 +o/ao :
_

. /\r
tt-

z,?:
-\

#:+ o--gEr
E

2tl h,

and

>'i :

\-/ --:-;-

421
21 ET
I-

h'L t2-

tz

)Pz-

85:
For n: fr4
:Q ('-"h" -L)A"*r[e U,+ (71/'"-2)Ue*@4: c
Ae+

(frt'"- Uq: O
t/a'aa

:. c) l("ta'-71)A,-th(U,*( vr-/c)6 s- tla'go: o '+

I
L

t/zrYu* Ptre-Ma/ro

1n'-7?

-t/h^
2/tr -7?

-t/h.
o

-tfu,,

{r"1

+
AJ

Ir^J zB-l [fAl- ^3Lr]l LZI:{q nhere,[Affr4 . " rrC

-ry6zl

- t/h-

2/r-

{;}

oal,

tor E-igan value-g ot [n7

2/h'-fu'" -t/h.
O

- t/h.
o

"k-'N^ " -t/h"

:o

-t/0"' 1rc-fr

B6:

+ (2/tr -71) Lutn - </rc71 + 737- r/n n'/hv3 : o + 6/a6*a/rt +2/^"71 -e/n4fi +q/rcLo -79-TaG
+t/hoVj:O

+ Z9 - a/f 71 + ro/b-N-'- q/re ,9ol ving for Vf

M--6tt-4/t:
L2_

-UIz-2)xtb
LN
-=-

+ Pr: - Wa-4xt6 EI
^2_

g.o7 26EL
L3

M:

2fut"

t:
EI

3z
LU

=) Pr:
,I

EZ

/vo

^a_

(fT +z)/h"

:
r.t
54.62v4 p7

4 Pu:

({Z+z)xl6

t:

87:
bhe t-apla,co eqryVim lnbo polar coordinabo st6ebom.
Solubion
TVaneform

Laptoco Equabion

K(*-#)_Fs@,C:o -> eE*ar" . .a_ -u -t o"tl- , o"u *;i- _ ^

rrol/'l' Ou -ao-: OU ^l or
=+

On

* OU A8 ox- ng o x

w: #(cos6).Si FrP)
eu or oa s0
pu ou or au
a6

ob

+ &u:#(s)ns)*# (+9)
NoN,

*: auz

n_y *+ - yr _ag Ar axt, olL au sin dcosd o1l sirr o : #u CO.S-8a- tr&6 .:- 6 cls1f* =-;- --- rt --' od orz cos-6' - =-- -' o'tx sin 0 cos) E u s\nt6 . &u& uin'6 Ofigforr ', ot^ sin9as]
b-

O0

r.

BB: ., O'u. _OurrL_Or _*OL{.^. aO aWL on a6 06 ob ^,. : o" u sln-A _._ Ota gi n6cos 0 * Or" ;;06
-2_.,

4+ OO

sin6casd

tr.

,'u o dno6s)n6coE6 i
au

, ou eo,f6 , O't t, us'6 Or a^ o0" f"

-J-

A0

sirr6cosd

ro

. a't) o'zu _,_ fl _ orz;- I ou I * T # r ;' erc-r o1z* tEGovorn'tn4 equa-Vion

G- f=: 0

o2u.

,g

sbend6 sDabe heab conducVion q/uabion irt- polar coardin afu -bsbQtn,

lor

e"! {_ I eu -o._! g+ * _: Otr' il^ Of f' A8' "q,q O ftror onlA radral dis?ri bubion,

#*+#*###-o

89:
Problorn

#zs (oqte; 29/lo/tt

lor

Transf ortn bha bhreo dr'rrranei ona.l Lap lqc.o

eq/nbion inbo %tfndrica.t coordina7e arrd *te condibion of ra-dial di.s?ribubion onlt6.
SoluYisn

Laplace Eq' pion \ nL bh reo di ne,n,\ on

xffi*#-*y)+ s (ob,=): o
o"^*_n.In"uu+' e49 eA" o=z * A :e f<
NoN,

o"tt : Q^l)

EE

*.

ers a -

2n #u
araO
-t-

sin6 s,os O
o7L

'

,_

ou
EO

sia 6 cosd

oou
gra 6
-J--

r'

sinO eosd

or

.ou 't6
-

sirt'6 &'t* sin'6 &6o r r'

ei n 0 cos9 -

l^^

f Fron previo?r,s problen]

o'tl:o'u- sin-o**b sindc.os0 oA

oA.
Or2

, &'& - oraa
o0
putl gz2

sin 6c.os6

r . ou eos'} 'or

sin0co,s6

oO

o"lL

o6"

tr' ust6 ,r2_

&L , si nO us7
r2
Ozz

frron

pravious Probternf

ottl

90:
afu g"u. . o'u, o'u- I Du *V E"u- d"zr I . -dtr* tO"*G-: er"u r or @-E
&ove,rninB

qlVL for eaead6 etube hent:

I o"A . a-u f t &O" &zz
?V'o'z)
r<.

oou I Eu or' ' tr^ Er

[=or

Dnlg radial d k*rib&bion,

#**#*#+:o

91:
Dove,l6p bho

qrnpbDe FiniDe. Differe,nce rnodali"B ol bhe eveady-sDabo radial heaD cond ua,Dian in ohottow ct4lindorf ephoro (a<r-<b), in uhich conve&bion: Qre albwed Vo anbie.nbe from ,tnner bo1h and ouber wall of Zhe c6tind er/sphqo.
SoluDion

Diserottrzabion

of yhe domain

M
-ft

e*h Lengbh,

h: b-a"

.4__
I
/-i

J. ,:-, t:t la

--er

/i, i; ,.

i)t,:, r

Grrer!'rnA E4uapion

I7* r dr

d"T ld-I-*8(l) '

hz

-(a K -\)

Tt*,-{(+Ta-r *

o- J l, c:t4lin6e' ' IL2, sphere

_o +. T*t_-p-t __ ?i -\/ r; 2k K

=) (,-h)T;i -2Tru(,

*h)T*,
-V

3E K

&tTr-t-

2TZ

+ RzTi*t:

92:
gbonc"tl

boun&r^ Condi7ions

a.t r:&,

K# : A*.G-T*)

=+K

ry:ha(n-r"o)
@

=) r. * 7f --tz'_rt 2hh t;_T;+r:FT4 -

+T-t-t+MT-Tt*r: MTq.

) -at,

+ Mrr-

+T*t :

MT&

..

93:
ThuE, bho se-v

ol qpabionsz
:
R-zTe

i:1,

To -r MTi

-T2

MTq-

i:2, tZtT -

2Tat

:-K B.zk"
K --gsft
:

i:3,
L:fl,
(:t1*l t

b tTz-ZTg+R'"7+

tutTn--

2Tn+ U--ln*t
-Tn

:-ryI

-t-MIn

*ttTn..z: MT*

fu, l'he,d,fbl fu
R&;aionel 6ndiri
orL,

'MTrcl

_Bt

-#rl
-["rl

L^|
-AftI
-6e1 KI
-Mrrc )

94:
Coneide,r ebenA6-efu,be radial hoqt @ndrrcDion in o- hollow cg,linder (zc.mSr<?c n) Energ]6 is gen erabed aV o- rabe ef g : OxlOG N/mu, uhile bhe lnside surfcrce. rs nd nbatned ab o- qnsDqnD @mpera"vure. Tq:loo'C,

and bhe ou-ber ula]l dissip azes heav u6 qnvqlion uibh a heav bronsfer qettic)enD h": oooN/mroc invo An arnbienb qtt z,ero pemperabure. b|diuidinfl the, ea6linder invo qlnt 5 @Btnonve find ahemdial bOmperaturo &ebribubion b6 FDI,A. Take_ bho c}linder rnqberial , K- OO N/noC,
Solubion
Given,

l,(: 5O n/m". - O.5 N/"rfc A: 5OO l^J/m'oc: O.O Ohtf"r.7 8 - Sxlon N/*u: i N/cn3

DiwroVizabion of bhe. donain

\ ,!*h
\-

LengDh,

h:*:(cm

e5:
Qovernin1 Eq/uab"ron

d?r-_\

r dr a :o dr- t- F* K
Ti*:?T,i"rit

hz

*f r;

Tt*t--Ti-t

R zgn- *_:
r

+ (r- *)7,_, - zr-+ (l * h)Ti*,- Saeneil

t-*c.
(-l

For i n?ernaf n od es

i:2,
(:3,

tr

*t,-zTsi*ro

2Tzt tru
___L

:-lo :-to
:-lo
2To* #-Ta:-{o

i:4,
L: 5,

l{ -g Te- 2T<+#fu to

#Ta-

Fcr boundar\ noda>

i:t, 7i -too, c\6,-K# lr:n: lL(rt -Te) l*n

96:
For addi vi ona( condiVi on,

i:G, ftTo-2Ta*#Tz:-/o
coettiae.nD rnavrixI

G to bal

6 -2* o o o o g o az- B coo o ot -2 b c o il ccc lz -2 #o ooo o l1 ooo C -o.2 -/

5
Ia =

oo c c o o
O

qpazbn,
\
-r2

loo

- lo -lo
-to

-r3
T1

-fT6

-lo
-(0
o

tO

t4
I

-2

t5

-r+

U"s)ng Galss Eti mtrl a?i6 /14,bi on

uiah roN pi vobin$,

q
-r2

'lc tO/ OO
)zItt6: tr:l
q 1,6 t4 l,(

Tg -Ta

\-

l7( l :o..
I6= 7.4 I \v-t I I t5a t:C.E 5.7 t.eG t( 6.? e6

-T.-

z
t.o

-T+

;l

'oo It o lOo

{r3:

4{ {. I 41.

.6 I
(

r"8 o1" 62" l,b vo, t 70, 7.4 ( 67. 4l ( 55. 7) t.7 55.
f

zl

97:

Radial Temperature Distribution of Hotknr Cylinder Problem #27

6.
sF

rrru

e E
L

14O

(u

o-

F
{D

130

9B:
Problem

#zg

(Dava.. Oo/Ioltt) -./

fuapnD
Solubton

Oho probte;rn

27 for hollon ophere.

Disrye7\zabian

of

bhe domain

ft

Mosh Lengbh, A_: t:

12_re14rg a-o

16

tcm

!=*z r dr *-A :A\J dr' dr /<

To.,-27.t +4b.r

h'

-Tt*t

zh"

-Tr-t

+fll.<

:o

-) Qri-, -zU.*Tr*r+t(rr*,_lr) --,o + (,- ,)T-r - 2).+(r* -to

+)Tz*t:

99:
9he,ne,il

-z
(-r
C

For inbernal nodas

i:2, trr-27"**.u .q5 (: e, ft T"- zTo+4- (4

L:4,

: -lO - -lO --lO

Ta

A Te-274r 6_ re 5

i:

5,

tro-2Teu a

1n

--ro

tror boundat"tA node-s,

d':lt Zl:lOO

i:6, -x ff1,:n:
t-

h(Tr -rdli:a

+ - gTc*r--Ti-t 1. Il:6 2h

: lt(ri -E) l;:n

+
:=>

Te-G:

Q-276

Te- o.2T6c -Tv : o

100:
Addi Vional cond
i hi

on,

&b,

i:

6,

?ru-2Ta*+77:ici ena 146*ri

to

Global coe)f
I

x" EqTuo.fion t

2
a,

o c o o c -2 4 C C c e
5 -2 q 4

ol
o
8

ol

T
1-2

'

t001

-tD

c L 6

-2

C C o 6 o o
4

To

Ta
-Tn

,;
-/o

o o o o

I 5 -2 6 6 o 6
7
I

_-to (
I

-2 7

T6

c
-rt
-r2

-0.2 -l

-lq

ol

U-S'tng Galrss E(irninabion

niph rou: pivoping,

loo t 5g.l
172.1

-rs
-T4

k
T6 T7

t76.e t69.5

t56.6
t98.2
100

lr3:

t6b
172.1

5.5 t69.5 t56.G

r7

101:

Radial Temperature Distribution of Hollow Sphere Problem #28

: ;

(J 150

E pMa

o o

TE L

(l,

130

102:
Dovolop bhe @mploae Finibe Diffe.l^er1ce madel ir.,B o+ bhe ovendry eDaDe radio-l haav @ndacaion in o-

solid rod/spherq, (r: a),in uhich anvec-bion.e are alloned bo ambie.nDs Frorn Vhe oube.r utall oP Vha
rod /uph

ere.

Solubi on

DiscroDizabi on o+ uhe dema\n

Me,sh Lengbh,
,tt

-/\ ,/\
rA'

\.

h": -n\

,Q-

n---

d,r 4_ p

dr __ BU) _ /^ dr2 r dr ' K -\-/ 0t

P
T"t-Te-t

p__{ t, 4 rocl ' L z, ephere

*Tt+rZT4^-rV-r

>
)

2' 2h *3ih<v :o (,- 2T* (r * !?)Tt*,: +)rr-,

- 2I[
-+ [22-Tr*(

t#

renTt-t

: -Y

103:
Jfuenal

F<-,t I:_____> 2..

r-)

i+t

=> -Tr-t+ MTi -r-f-i+r:

tror bhe, inbernal

MTa

poirtb t:l
K

+q*+!t* fl - o dr' r dr
N oN.,

r daT - / dE/d, \l- o r dr -\ r /lr:oo

l=

AppluirA

I r /:

rdu/t.rr--T; #ff)l

uoPlratP rulq

Io:o: AV lr=o

o'arr

3h'
K

104:
-Thus

bha seb
Tz

of qpaDiorl;,

(:lt To-2T f

i:2,

l?'tT

-27"*R'4
fotTt-276-+R';f4

i4,
[: fi, i: fltl,

tZ

I^ -,-

2Tn+ R'z-tn+t

: -Y

- -rn -rMh*ttG*z:tv\k R4Tnt2:-W

rnabrix- qTtabion,

4dd i bional eond i bi o n .,

&, , i- n+I, tZfl-n - 2Tn+t r and , Ar) [,: t , -To :72

-/hurs,

hhe dobal

ooef*

ic,ie.nb

-2
R'1

2 0O
-2 R2 O
&t
R.2

o o o O
O

o
a

.-2

oo
R2
I

oo

OO

\
"T2

,*fu-At

-Ts

o
o

oco o o o-

o o

:)

l_tul l_tul
,K I

R't

-2R2O
R'1 -2

T/1

o
O

Tnrr
Tn*z

)*^"1 L a"sI

-l

lvl,

L^;l

=) tAl

t.3: {1

105:
t) A lO cm diano2er sDee) Ssrrf rod of bhe,rma( condtrcbivivt6 40 N/m"C is heooed e_lenbricallt4 bt4 bha PaesaBe oP e)ecvrie ourrrena uhidt Beneraaes ene'rg6 niahin ilre bax of a raDe ffi 4xo6 N/n3 Hatt is dissipabed fran bha s?,tr f are. of frie bar bA *nvecrtion wiVh a coeiliaenD of 4OO tA/mToc inDo o-n a-tnbien? of ZO"C. p.1div?ding pho radiz.r.s
OO (Dabe^. 3t/ to/
inDo e-q/Lta( Pive. e%monDs.

Probtem

(t) Develop bha ample7e, fini ?a -diffe re.ne. SoluDi an Poqm f o r a^adiat pe.rn p. d isrr i bubion
(z)

rtnd vhe vor?abion of bemp along bhe.'ad,a{ dire,c-Uion and shou ia on a- raph B
.

Sclubion
Qiven,
{
-r'--

bcm

l-{: 4O Nlm"C : O.4ln)/on'C

[a: 4 0O N/.'oc: O"T4nfc; "C

B

4xloG

N/n3: 4 N/c^'

DiscreVi<aPion

of

bha donain

'4

Me'sh Lengbh

h:=-I -l cn

r'

106:
d'r *{-gl-r dr' r dr
ZTl +T;_1
l
4,,

_\ T*,_.7

fl :() \ K
tr r/t( |
r

L-l

zk-

a_ -o
l.<

+ (t-+)T-,- z\.* (,*h)t*,:

SDencil

lo

(-1

For ) niernal nodes

4:2,

*n -2Tz**ru
T
3EIz -

i: e,

2Ts-tT',
= tro-2k

:- lo :- lo
:-lO
G --lo

i- 4,
(:
b,

*tu- 2T,t+* r"

For boutndar?\ nodes

i:6, - K**f,, 6: t"(rt-r*)li:n +-K 2h tf,: + * To - o.2Ta -T+ : ll-4

107:
For add i aional cond ibion
,

[:6, *r"-2Ta*#n:-ro
For i:t

) 2#*+-o
-Q*r-2Tc'+T;.
/"t

*+- -o

+ T"-2Tt +Tz: - 5 +-2\ t2T2:- e

7ht(8,

bhe gtobal coeffici

O

env mabrirc enYuabiart, T

T2

-2 2 O

L 2

-2*o
4

o
C

c
o

cct -29 o g
=

o 8-2 + o o
6

e -z-I .6

ooo

o co

COO

-5
-ro -to
-10

-T3

T4

Tg
-ro
-77

-to

ooo ooc

. l( ro -z lo t -o'2 -t

-to
4

ttsinV GarLGs E tim)ndaiot, 292.e 290

t'J:

z&2.5 2vo 2e2.5 260

108:

Radiat Temperature Distribution Problem # 30 300

290

280

270

I F
?
E (l) q

zoo

E c

250

z+o

230

220

210

20a

22_53
Radial Distance, r icm)

Probtem

# gl (Dabe:gtltottt) /

109:

R'e'paap bho probtem

go {.or o- sbeel ephere

Solubion

Discrebiza\ort of bhe domatn

-la
-_a

rt
Me,eh

12- ro

r.t

ro

Lengvh,

tL:?:

tcm

-d=T 2 dr

"F*T;;*f--:o + ff *+rr*:-rt-, =+
-ry\-277
/(
+Ta:1

trl 2h

-\ K _O

=+ C,Sbe-ncil

*)T*t-

2Ti r(r*

t)Titt:-{o

110:
For )nbernal node,,=

(:2, -2Tza ZTe

2: z:
i-/L \, ,)
[=

:-lO

*rr- 2Tet?t,
e LO --T4* gTg
A.6

:-to
L

2-^-)'

:-lO

O,

tfo -2Ts+i-fn : -lo

For baundartA noo)es

i: 6, - K#

r:.: h(71 -rx,)

O-2Te -Tz

r: n

+-o:Tlo^:+ To -

^(tn-2o)

For add iaional @nd;7i on '

i:6, t r-2Ta* *rr:Far, i:l) 2#**: o

+
=+ T; - 2T

lo

4c Ti.t*T,<-2Tt * fl :O . K ---zzCrt +Tn:-5

- 2-fi + 2Tz :- 5

7h 1Ug,

bho global

coejf icien?

mavrizc

-2 2o o -22
C
| _.) 21

o o
O

Co
OO

ooc"-l o o o ot * o o ol -2+ocl
O l
-o.2-,_]

T
-G
-Ts

-fa

o CC

co

*-2+ o o +-2?l

h
-T7

Using Gaass Eildna2ion,

T
-a
-fe
Trl

ts 6.6T

tjs 2 I
I

t,t GT / L t73.es (
t6r 6v / 4G.67 I
2o. ss

%
T6 T7

tBg.2 186.67

{r3:

tgl.67
179.93

tGt.67
t46_67

112:

Radial Temperature Distribu$on Problem # 31

() o F
o L
3 E (D E (l}

22.53
Radial Disbnce, r {cm)