Trenberth, K.E., J. T. Fasullo, J. Kiehl. 2008. Earths global energy budget. J. Amer. Meteorological Soc.

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html

Average methane mixing ratios in the boundary layer (the layer of the atmosphere in immediate contact with Earth's surface) in 2003, calculated with a chemistrytransport model. The atmospheric lifetime of methane is almost a decade, so it disperses globally. Regions of strong emissions are nevertheless manifest, leading to the largest variability in the northern hemisphere and an inter-hemispheric difference of 510%. The recently proposed release of methane by terrestrial vegetation is not included, as its magnitude is still uncertain. Figure and text are from Lelieveld (2006), who redrew the figure from Houweling (1999). (http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htm)

From Recent Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, T.J. Blasing, http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html

Figure 2 - Atmospheric CO2 concentrations at Barrow, Ak, Mauna Loa, Hi, American Samoa, and South Pole. American Scientist, 78, 325 (1990). Permission granted by Sigma, Xi, The Scientific Research Society.

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html

Composition of the Earth's atmosphere below 100 km Constituent Molecular Weight Content (fraction of total molecules Nitrogen(N2) 28.016 0.7808(75.51% by mass) Oxygen(O2) 32.00 0.2095(23.14% by mass) Argon(Ar) 39.94 0.0093(1.28% by mass) Water Vapor(H2O) 18.02 0-0.04 Carbon Dioxide(CO2) 44.01 364 parts per million Neon(Ne) 20.18 18 parts per million Helium(He) 4.00 5 parts per million Krypton(Kr) 83.7 1 parts per million Hydrogen(H) 2.02 0.5 parts per million Ozone(03) 48.00 0-12 parts per million
Adapted from J. M. Wallace and P. V. Hobbs, 1977: Atmospheric Science - An Introductory Survey. Academic Press, New York. 467 pp.

Figure 4 - Changes in global atmospheric CO2 and global surface temperature over the last 160,000 years. U.S. Global Change Research Programhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html

Carbon dioxide emissions from cement production EPA, 1989: Policy options for stabilizing global climate.

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gc course/chem/gases/gases_lecture_ new.html

Carbon Dioxide Emission Estimates from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring for 1995 on a One Degree Grid Cell Basis. (March 1998), Antoinette L. Brenkert (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ndps/ndp058a.html)

Vertical distribution of carbon dioxide in the air around a forest varies with time of day. J. D. Butler, Air Pollution Chemistry, 1979.

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gc course/chem/carbon/images/imag e15.gif

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gif

Methane, CO2 and temperature profiles. Adapted from Woodwell et al, Scientific American, April 1989

Smoothed Power Dissipation Index (dotted line, a measure of hurricane intensity) versus Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (solid black line). Kerry Emanuel, 2005

Trends in tropical cyclone maximum wind speeds for different strength hurricanes. Uncertainty range is shown in grey. Solid red line is the overall trend, dashed red lines show 90% confidence range (Elsner 2008).

Probability of July average temperature anomalies in Moscow, Russia since 1950. This image shows that the average temperature in Moscow for July 2010 was significantly hotter than in any year since 1950. Credit: Claudia Tebaldi and Remik Ziemlinski. From ClimateCentral.org

This map shows the difference in surface temperature in 2006 compared to the average from 1951 to 1980. Most of the globe is anomalously warm, with the greatest temperature increases in the Arctic Ocean, Antarctic Peninsula, and central Asia. NASAs effort to track temperature changes will help societies evaluate the consequences of global climate change. (Map based on data from NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis.) from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.php

Mean annual carbon emissions from alternative land-use management options (1991-2001). Notes: For reduction of deforestation rates, recovery is the restoration to carbon levels of undegraded forest. Agroforestry options involve the conversion of 2 or 4% of agricultural land each year sequestering 20% of the carbon of a mature plantation. Industrial reforestation options involve the planting of 0.1% of all land capable of sequestering at least 4 tonnes of carbon each year or the offset of all current industrial wood removals.

http://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-16.htm

Simulated response of plant productivity in five regional ecosystems to hypothetical climatic change. http://www.esd.ornl.gov/ia b/iab2-8.htm

What are other sources of heat, besides the Sun?

What causes the increased amounts of CO2? How are technology and historical events connected to CO2 emissions? What about other greenhouse gases?

Whats the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere? Is that a lot? How do you decide?

Does CO2 concentrate in certain areas? Whats the composition of the atmosphere?

On which part of the carbon cycle does increased greenhouse gases have an effect?

How much heat is trapped by CO2?

What are the effects of climate change on environments?

What are the effects of climate change on human culture?

How do humans affect the concentrations of other greenhouse gases?

Whats the historical record of CO2 and temperature?

What are the effects of human vs. other environmental impacts?

What are historical patterns of greenhouse gas dispersal and concentration?

What are sources of greenhouse gases?

How do we get rid of CO2?