H&T

YSLJffiE h#EJSffi
lfi/rT+*

SalahE4g
By John I. Yellott*
practical reality. If you live in a sunny region and your house has several hundred square feet of south-facing roof or wall area which is free from shade on winter days, there's a good chance that you can make direct use of the sun to supply most of the heat needed for your comfort and domestic hot water suppiy. In the past, solar-heated systems were

qrIIE SOLAR HOUSE, a topic of conI versation for many years, is now a

available during the winter varies widely with latitudes, altitude and particularly with the degree of cloudiness prevailing. During the winter, there is plenty of solar energy over most of North America and the amount reaching horizontal surfaces is measured daily at some 90 stations o{ the U. S. and Canadian Weather Bureaus. Actual hours of sunshine per day and percentage of possible sunny hours are recorded for 180 locations. For instance, in the month of January, when most people are concerned with heating no

The amount of solar energy whieh is

too expensive for use in any but

southern latitudes. Today, thanks to new materials and ideas, they are worth considering as far north as Boston'
i,T"i,"T"i,'f"'i l'" "l&""i ,'l"",xi'J9;'",1:ifj':#i,"'fJl"3l i3'1t"'t"1",i; now renders mn8ultlna 8rlce8 in the neld ol mechanlral enginerlDg
106

Mechaaix TlIustrated

matter where they live, sunshine varied from eight per cent of the possible hours in Roseburg, Oregon, to ?9 per cent in Pueblo, Colorado. Your local Weather Bureau can give you the data for your own area. Monthly and annual summaries can be purchased from the Superintendent of Docurnents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., for $4 per year, under the title, "Climatological Data, National Summary.tt The principles of solar heating are simple. The trick is to install the equipment at a cost so low that the total annual eost of owning it and whatever auxiliary equipment is needed to ensure good year-round performanee is less than the cost of doing the entire heating job bv conventional methods.

All solar heating systems use some version of the greenhouse eftect. The energy which comes to us from the sun is in the forsr of relatively short waves. These waves pass freely through ordinary window glass and many plastic materials. If the rays fall on non-reflective surfaces such as rugs, draperies and furniture, they are absorbed and the sun-warmed surfaces in turn emit long-wave heat rays which are trapped beneath the glazing. A solar heating system requires three major parts. The first is some form of collector which catches the sun's heat and transfers it to a fluid (water or air) which carries it away. The second is some means of storing the heat when the sun sets or is shut off by clouds. The third is a method by which the stored
r[0Ar-TYPr ilr vfilTs ron Dnalna8t As sarE8UAn0 tSAilrSI rrEEZ$I3

SCHEMAflC LAYOITT ol MI rorch-ty1r solce house.

cortteT llEAr fon ilousE

LOWEN PAilTTS COLLCT HEIT FOt TITTB

UPPER PAI{EIS

HETDIT
PIPES

TUO-STTSE IITNUOSTAT

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CARPOnI
OR

r00-81t. txPAilstoit Ttilf,

BATAIICE TATER SYSTTil

(llrslot lr0llsr)
AUIlIIANY IIIAT

r00-8tt. Tilrt

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ilr

lr

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Hor

flTtR

PrPts

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IUIITIIRI FUR'IACE CUIS lil Ultftt sul{ ls ilDDEil

tlTEn TlllouGil cottEBT0ts fon ttBntilE

PUilP 1 CInCULATES C00t
PUIIIP 2 PULIS
OT STORAEE

UATTR FNOX TOP TAIIf,, DISTNISUIES II 'IOT TIIROUEII AUXITIANY fURIIAGE

TAHI( BUNIED BEIOU FNOST IIXE

3'

400-641. ilATER SrorASt

FtStRgtAS DtSUtATtoil An0uil!

rril

7A7

house.

heat can be made available to warm the

which prevents the collected heat from

Collectors consist of three main elements: the glazing, which traps the sun's rays and helps retain the heit: the \lackened surface, which absorbs' the heat and transfers it to water or air to be conducted away; and the insulefio;.
being wasted.

flexible.

as glass. However. cost of installation is much less and the design of the collector i";";h;;;;

+ the same range the

t\iq\. Thu tryg principal requirements which plastic films must meet are resistan^ce to _weathering and opaqueness to infra-red rays: The price o-f srich film is
":]

cently, plastic films with thi risht optical properties and the abilitv"to withstand the effects of weather ani th" sun's ultra-violet rays have become available. Promineni among these is Mylar, produced by Du Pontind available in #-inch-wide rolls, .005-inch

For the glazing, glass has excellent propefiies- but is expensive to buy and i*411 and is subjecl to breakage. n"-

job.

ro_ck wool

several hundred feet long which can be in-flated on the job. For the insulation in the collector.

-For the collection surface below the B;;;-C";: pany has.developed a means of making "rd sheets of copper containing straiEhi tubes which are integral witlithe shEet itself:. Called Tube-In-Strip, this ma_ terial is available in widtG'up to 42 inct'es with tubes as large or. irr"t in diameter. Revere carisupply T"i;: ", I-n-Strlp in lengths up to lf ieet *ittr the tubes already inflated, or in rolls
glazin_g, Revere Copper

effective. Foil-enclosed Fiberelas. for example, has excellent insulati6n nron_ erties. The new foamed materials aie

ale also relatively inexpensive and

" Other tytrles of reflective insulition

or Fiberglas will do

nood

iil
L

,il

ii
ri
i

rajr.i*.-d,*

SI
MIT. SOtAn HOUSE crt Lexington, Mces., hor 640 eq. fl. cneg ol colleclorg, iB lirsl designod tor ftrmily ia ct uorlhern climate.

Phob @urtsJ Scl@tr Setrl@

-T
I

i
14t
I
I

PLAI{ Of MI'c sol<rr tousa. Rosf <mgle lclrs cdvcmlage ol lorP posirioa ol the sun fur wiater.

l
I

p&{ 1te*" ".

\ zrrtrn r{001r ,}
r

,utlE

2{

also fine insulators and in some applications-they have enough strength to be used as supports for the entire collector' Good insuiation is primarily a matter of

protecting the edges of the collector guardiig against heat loss !t ""irconnecting PiPes. "tia from the drawing ort Page 111 shows an

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1'
sul{'s

iii
i

ll
,ll

li

ill
ilt'

'ii

HOW THE SUN SITPPIIES he<rt cmd hot water lo

cr

home'

c0lttcTon

Ex?listof, Tlilr

ard copper return bends are used. T\vo layers of Mylar film serve as the heat trap. Dacron fiber, also made bv Du,Pont, does the insulating. Tto-PoslTroil IIEnH0STAT The storage of heat collectdd from the sun's radiation can be done in several TUTITIANY $ilTEI IayF: Most common is the "specific cuTs ilt wIEil heat" method in which some flr]id or 8[0u0s ouEftctsr solid substance is heated durinE the dav ltElilI{e GolL and allowed to give off its excei heat at night._ Water has a higher specific heat $0t wtTER (number of BTU's-BritisL Thermal Units-needed to raise the temperature g! - one pound through one- degree *llJ Fahr-enhelt) _than an! other {uid be used ;.T.q,.-- which '* nsulc Water mightstore 62.4in solar collectors. can BTU's per cubic foot for each degree change oftemperature. Most solid materi"ls have specific coolEtr wtrEB heats which are several times -lower than water's; a cylinder of rocks or HOT WATER collection system desigmed broken concrete, with 30 per cent empty Ior wcna air distibuEon lhrough bouso. sp?ce, can store only about 26 BTTf's per cubic foot per degree, exploded view of a collector used in a Water storage tanks for low-pressure solar house which was recently built in serviee are relatively inexpeniive and Phoenix, Arizona. To obtain the dethey can be buried fai t to* tlu sired temperature rise, the water makes ""o"ift surface of the earth so that freezing is three passes through the collector plate not a problem. Glass wool or similar before going on to the next unit. Standblankets make satisfactory insulating
TYLAF

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STNEICIIEO TIGIIT

TOETAILEO

A4's

COPPEN TUBE.III-STRIP PAITITED BLICT

Ylrtllry

FELT

.</ _4G:

/!'r,2' kJ"y,

'g:x
Ifils
I'x6'R0oflile
UAPON BANN]ER

a.-.

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FOITCLAII F'BENGLIS

THlcf,,

fii'

utoE EtTrsl

COLI"ECTORS employed ia lhe MI house rncke use ol Mylcr Iilln lor the gl<rzing.
i

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Iilo

0r ilYLtn

SllEtts

tutt-tilTnrP
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TIE IX IIEAOEI

COP?EN

IUB[

stcil0il lllnou8H cottEcror IOUVEI-TYPE COttECTOn used tr a solctr house necn Phoenix, Atizonc, lollows sun.

coverings. Disadvantages of water storage systems are rusting, leakage, etc. Water has tlre advantage of cheaoness and availability, as well as quick response u'hen heat is needed. "Cold"

can be stored

in the form of

chilled

water at temperature down to the freezing point. The power required to pump

water is usually less than that needed to move an equal amount of heat in the form of warrn air. Heat distribution in solar houses is generally accomplished with warm air or radiant systems, since these work well with water or air at temperatures which can be reached eonveniently and efficiently with solar heat collection and
storage systems. Any solar house heating system must have some form of auxiliary heat supply to carry over long periods of cloudy winter days. The storage system should be designed to hold enough heat for

one or two nights. It is usually not feasible to try to store heat for
April,1959

much longer fConti.nued on page 154]

BASTC PRNCIPLE ol soku hecrting. The lubes ccnry hecrted lluid lo slor<rge lcurk.
111

Solar En
lContinued. frcm page ILL) periods with the methods available today. lenglh of the south-facing roof, advantage When better storage_ systems are d;- is titcen of th" r""iitt"i l&rr'i"ul]rrist"ip veloped, it miy e*'ei be possible to store ;d Mth;;;b; obtained in rolls which "summer heat for winter use or to store are serleral hundrJi;;t;]""4;. the winter's cold for use in summer. The proposed Loo* f."u" ,ro?h. The Today,.with only the pngcific heat storage carport]wii" fo" two at the -;;

opergle for only a few hours per year, it The roof of the house "f tn" o"tio-o.oshould cost just as little as possible; the vide the shade needed in the suinmer-but "tta cost of the fuel which it will burn is rela- allow the low winter sun to no"a ir*o ttru tive-ly urrimportant. In the southern part living room and provide *o"i-oi-th" h."t of the Urftted States, where cooling irthe leeded to keep tlie house warrn durinj the summer is just as important as winter daytime from November through Febheating, the heat pumb is an excellent ruary. auxiliary winJer heatei. The air-to-air The collectors consist of t'relve panels heat pumplwhieh-are now on the market oj.gopp9r Tube-In-Strip, 157s i"cheJ-id{ can work effectively with solar air heating .040 inches thick and 4dfeet long, each conor water systems. In northern or high lo- taining three half-inch outside diameter cations, where air conditioning is not tubes six inches on centers. The slope of needed, a simple oil-burner or wJod-burn- the roof on the south side of the house is ing fiieplace may well be the answer to the set at 30o for best average exposure to the auxiliary_heat supply problem. sun and the collecto"s -ate built directly Controls of some kind are necessary to into the roof so that full advantage can be start tlre circulating pumps or fans when taken of their insulating and waterproofing the collectors are hot enough to warm the qualities. water or air which circulates through lleat storage is provided by a 2,000them. When the sun moves toward tile gallon tank, buried on the southlside of the ' west in the late afternoon, or when 4 carport well below the frost level and inheavy cloud cuts ofi most of the sunshine, sulated with a three-inch wrapping of the pump or fan should be stopped. Some Fiberglas. The pipe trench which leads kind of thermostat is needed to tell the from the tank into the equipment room is heat distribution system when to caruy aiso rvell insulated to eliminate the danger heat into the house. fn general, the sim- of freezing. An gxpansion tank (100-g;lplest control system is thJbest since it will lon capacity) is located in the attic space cost less to buy and maintain. to take care of the change in volume of the For water-filled systems,'oo"r"ott is a 'ivater in the storage tank and in the colfreezing p,roblem which must be by lectors' " draining the collectors at night or by using The agx_ilialy heat supply consists of a a closed system with enough anti-freeze to gas or oil-fired water heater with a maximum eapacity of 50,000 BTU's per hour. assure safe operation. An endless variety of solar-heated fhe heater is located in the equiirment houses can be envisoned by an ingenious room with its vent line extending well designer but the ranch-style residence above the roof of the carport. The walls shown in this article was planned espe- of the equipment room should be insulated cially {5r MI reader information. Here, as effectively as the other walls of the water has been selected to collect and store house and ample provision should be made the solar heat and a radiant system is use.d for supplying combustion air to the heater. to carry the sun's warmth into the house. A conveniional radiant heating system By running the collectors along the full is proposed, with copper or wroright iron
ts4

big enough to store a week's heat require- west end of the ho.rr" \ilhite it;-;o-tirrments, tion living-and-dining room looks to the -!h"". Sinee the auiiliar-y he_ater is intended to sguth thr"ough ; ;i;" ."p""""-

methodatourdisposal,itip4rlchcheap6r ry"it etrd of the h;;;;: "tto"gtr "ars.-is il;'Jt# to provide an auxiliary fuel-burning- o,r page l0g sho*,itt" t it"l";;d;hJ#"'t." o,' electric heater than to make a water lank 6"iroo* ."a tatfr are also located at the

ApriI,

1959

r
then proon the main collector iri?.'l,"riri" Th;;;i;;i"g p"*p att*t ;;d;;;h; float-tvoe circuit iswhich will air vent warm watei r"o* tr'!*"'ili"iJl',,i;h;; out untii ihe system is full. of the thermostat calls for heat and pumps it ti""J "i" undela slight piessure from the -th"-pump stops' the through the auxiliaryl";;;; irrlo it * tt"tt- ;1"" attd When ing grid. If the water'i;; *t"t"-""ot'gr' ;;il il;t;ll drop off and the iir vent will the necessarv amsunt of h.eat, the ;;;J;
to supply
I
a

I
F

second stage

ti;;;;Jat wil furn ipen, allowing th1 water in the collectors back into the storage tank' Antion the fuel suoply t.1h;^;;;iiLry h..t", ;; fl;* f"- 2,000 gallons of water would be i".*" which will add the necessary temperature sol*ution to this prob-lem but rise to the water. The usual precautio-ns "" ""pu""i"e ;ii""l tf tn" it is not impractical to use a closed circuit must be taken to since they contain only "g; il" araln hnes, etc. i"" ttiprorrif" heating system, to
of th"
The operation o{ the soiar heat

".tiectors, collectors u iuw g.llotts of fluid' The collected heat p"*p (Pump could tfien be transferred to the main body is controlled by the ""fi""tt- ;h;; dt; ;"i- ti *.t"" in the storage tank bv means of 1) which must be t;;;;;; iJ"t"r'pr""t, "r" *"r*u" than the water another heat exchanger' tir"-l"ttom of ti;; ;t";;;; tank and Returning to the collectors, the design on page 110 makes

"i turned off when th" ;;;il;;?;ooiut tf,t" showt in tlie {rawlnq materials iilJ'iit"i,.'A;6i"iimeclockisnotsuffi- use ofavailable. which are now commerStarting from the bottom ;;;"r,1;; t;-;;;1ff-i"."-irr" pumrc on cially t"ll-th" t'p, -ih".collector. panels are support-ed on and off at pre-set uml. a"J""""ot numo to stop when th; il it obt""t"d bv zii'" *tti"tt are toenailed to the roof deck running along the south i-rh[*"";1id:" X'ilfi;;,,tial the"*ostat o,, ro-i""it centers roof. The insulatlon ls immersed in the tank a_t tlre exposure of the with one bulb which rs ir[f." ."a tft" tiJ"a"ta foil-enclosed Fiberglas Fiberglas level of the pump *akes available from Owens-Corning ;;i;;;;;i to a"ri""tio" other attached inches an excellent but exp"e-n;;;;"ffii;tt io ttt" cttp''i" thicknesses of two or three The *iaths of 15, 19--or 23 i-nclrep' is to use p"otf"*. A "o*p"o*ise three-inch thickness will cost slightly more "orriioi make-on-ris;-th;t;;;"1-*iiir itr ""J'i" a sinsle ;;;;Uto " "ttt""tor panel thanthethinnermaterialbuttheimproved ;;ii";;;il; justifies the .difference midway between t*o of the water iubes. insulating qualityto pro- ttt. iS-ii"h wldth will fit between the When the sunshin" i;"bright;";;;[ tf,e witer, 2x4's, to which it can be tacked bv means ;iil;h;"h;i"""affi.-*.r* be the oanel temperature will be well over of the flanges. The insulation should ;; it'ick or installed 'iitt' the vlpot- barier dousnifi ffil";;;i;il;"i;d" and with the dead air spaces bethe sun is low in th.;;y;l;;;";;i *ilt ""ol *";d, th" ,".rtf."6 temperatur" t*""" the - copper and the upper foil ;;a "fi 6i.ity ;if#; ["fo* fiO a"erees. Som6 experi- surface of the insulation. to find the cor- The copp_er-Tube-In-Strip, after being mentation will be """j"a uf*rri"f'^ii; th";;;;i"i should ir,fl"ted, i"iti l" l$r,/6 inehes wide' The ;;;;il rt *iii u" tt"ipt"i-lt i"tttli inex- tttlpt will expand when they are heated L. ""tl pensive.thermometeis'i"1fr" pump^outlet ;; ih" ,rrtt- uid so they are no-t fastened and the collector ;;il;- i;;t'- bi*ittt ton'rt to the 2x4's but' instead'' are held one-half th;;;;t"t" *hottid-ul"o be installed on J;*" by wooden battens'To provideinch inthe lines leading to and {rom the radiant thick and one inch wide' gauges on the outlets of suhtion which will minimize heat - loss svstem- Pressure of iir"-f.""" valuable in tr.* trt" edges of ttthe coppgr, strips willfelt ifiil;;;r-*iit be Cbout r-ilS.h of copper operation. **" *ft*f.irg system each "."d.
'

I I

proteition of both the main collectors f,iJa". under the nailing strips on th" hot water heater panels against side of the panel' "rrd The three tubes in each panel will be freezing. is particularly important. 9t* ;;;;"";;;li;il;ilr"ir^i"'".""""t eircuit connected in series,bVand sleeves' 'r'o al"]"1,11_:^f^.t11* iillp"""ir"i"i.-ilt" r""i" collector "fi-"I copper return bendson' page t58] lContinued ft;6;i; irt" ao*"#" ttot *"i"t through
Whet Ansuerdng Aduertisements'
Please

bIe*tion MECHANIX

ILLUSTRATED

l'5'5

_t

PtAit$ Fon lbl00il tAt{$

Solar Energry
lContinued. from page LSS} low proper drainage and air venting, the iniet in each case will be at the loweiiube which will be on the east side of the roof. An inlet header will run upv/ard in the insulated box which forms the east end of the collector and an outlet header will run downward in the box along the west end. The water flow through the main collector should be about 10 gallons per minute, or one gpm per panel, and this flow rate should resllt in a pressure drop of about two pounds per square inch across each circuit. The total area of the collector will be about 640 square feet, of which approxiryate_tp'615 square feet will be copp6i. This should be painted with a dull black paint which will absorb as much solar erierEv as possible and will not flake ofi. A satlsfact-ory paint is Solar Black, rilade by the Farboil Paint Co. of Baltimore. The 2x4's which support the copper strips will not see the sun and so they do not need painting. The edges of the Yzxl-inch nailing strips will see the sun and they are also painted black. The glazing recommended is Mylar film, .005 inches.thick, which is available in a special weatherable grade from Du Pont. The Mylar not only traps the solar heat but also makes the colleCtor watertisht. It must be instalied with care. fhi' fitm should be dratvn as tight as possible so that it will not flap in the wind, sinee this will shorten its life. A caulking material such as Vulcatex, made by A. C. Horn Co. of Long Island City, New York, should be used betr,r'een the Myiar and the wooden 0r aluminum retaining strips. Solar energy is now at work in a twostory, three-bedroom house at Lexington, Mass. Designed and built under the direction of Masiachusetts Institute of Tech-

This detoiled, l8-incb STANIEY STEA,IEk model con be fitted with c working sleom engine.

ore

Conponenls of its oll-bross body ossembled by soldering.

tr a't
1tt

Commonly called the Stinson

"Gull," lhe RELIANT

knifes

through lhe oir like o true bird. It hos o 3l-inch wingspon and con toke o .19 fo o .49 engine.

Free-turning rolor blodes over o convenlionol engine ond pro-

peller enoble lhe GYRO SKIPPER lo be flown os o free-flighl model

or lo climb in o lighr

spirol.

Send !0d {or each plan ordered to Mehanix llluskated PIm Seryice, FawcAtt Buildins. Crenwich- Conneticut_ Pleue se.nd,.me the plans I huTe checked.. I am enclosing the required, amount.

tr, STA,NLEY STEAMER -.......No. M-247 n silNsoN REilANT ........No.384 fl GYRO SKIPPER ..............No. 244 I am also enclosing lO4 lor your latest MI Plans Catalop containing pictures and. d.escriptiore ol j32 ptans. f)
I$AME
ADDBESS

nology engineers and architects, the house receives ?5 to 80 per cent of its necessary heat by utilizing 640 square feet of collector area. Water ireated in the collectors i.s stored in a 1,500-gallon basement tank. From there, it is pumped through a heat exchanger which supplies warm air to the rooms. When there is a succession of cloudy days, a small auxiliary oil furnace takes over. This house, shown on page lConti,nued, on page 172f

April,
.,..ZONE
NO

1959

CttY ,.,.

i, i-Ji + tt wh;; *S'!iXk Jt"TrST:#f"T,T::*f "sie*;. " bolt head drops won't need clamps. similarlv, in making 1lt.*"n"^":T."::9'the 1.f^_ll"_:_""^"y]f:-bfud hole, leaving fi"trrre fr;;;-;; otr,E-*ii.i".a "fi*t" the bench surface clear. Spring clamps are *igi,i *i"rr-t" metal faslike big, extra-powerful metal clothespins. vo" "instead ,1 use smd.lCr*"gri-a ierr.rs ;"d;. -*"ii-i" Bar clamps are somewhat like C-clamps i""t""..;-;*G*f; e-xqept _that eittrer head or the foot many situations. Or "*ii"jr -o"t y"" i,,igt l -the slides along the bar-for adjustment and the called Chevron fasteners which "".'tt. ,ocan be :grew is used only_for putting^ on pressarre. co,ntersunk o"t .f get an edge-clamp fixture which You can "fh]. one last word about glue-it makes a attaches at right angles to a bar clamp and -. - good wood qller ]v comb-ining it wiltr fine p"[i#;d;;;;;:A;*ei"i"; t;t;.' The band elarnp, as you might suspect, sawdust' A liquid resin glue is suitable for is a devife that diaws up a loop of canvas making frller' Mix it with the sawdust ", "t"Li.lt'" ;;"d l;; ,,i""a, .'".f ",J i": Htl "# l:ffir'.*rf"H; Hrt"#u*; regular shapes. come slightlv above lrre miter, or universal clamp, is a l*Y:ifl**J:*" guagut tL.i-iftr"t-has to be seen to be the surtace' When it is dry, sandp-aper the g:9-i::.:1,{ pafh like this E;i;;d- yt" *' pr.*" it on a fitted miter i::',:T:11 almost can De ma(re lnvl$ble' I
uodtrrat nt" joint, open the joint by twisting the center handle and then bring the miter tightly together again. Homemade clamps. Often when you lack a special clamp for a particular job, you can improvise one yourself. One of the oldest homemade clamping devices is the Spanish Windlass. This is made by wrapping a rope or cord around the parts a couple of times, tying it, then using a stick or nail as a turnbuckle to twist the rope and apply pressure. Remember to block the turnbuckle so it won't snap loose when you let go. Got a drill press? Maybe you can place your glued work under it and let the head down gently on it. The tool's own weight will make a pretty good elamp. Or, if you have a vexing veneer job, try this: lay it on the ground suitably protected with scrap rnaterial. Back your car over it and raise the car with the jack on top of the veneer work. Anything that adds weight can help you in gluing. You can stack bricks up neatly so that they will put a 90-pound load on
one square foot,

woodworker's -clam_p) -y_oq will be set for a claryp you will find that ordinary rubber most gluing jobs. You'll then want to in- bands mlke excellent miniatur. "i*p". yqstig3te the special clamps for speeial -It will pay you to make a few gluing jigs. io!s. fomg are simple, some quite tricky. rh;";;d;;;'riv-"*l]"J;il;i;;;ir'"t"_ Ip th9 first catego:5r are surface clamns rial and .r""rtiv and sprin-g clarnps.-The-sur-face clamp-fits to put on the "*pi;t b;G;.;;dc"on your bench and is held there with a ir^+,,-^rr., "q""."". ,-',r-^-

fContinued. from page L6Af

Solat Energry
lContznued from page 1581 first designed to meet the needs of an average family in a northern area. Besides the M.I.?. scientists, The Association for Applied Solar Energy, 3424 N.
108, is the

Central Ave., Phoenix, Ariz., is active in pointing up the potentialities of the sun as a power source. Their quarterly publieation, The Sun at Work, provides the latest information on this science which is destined to become a part of our everyday Iife. An annual subscription is $2.50. r

When gluing an cbject too small to take

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