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Sri Vedanfa-sufra
Preface
All Gloiics io Guiu and Gauianga. Om Namo Pnagavatc Vasucvaya. Lci mc
ollci my icspccilul obcisanccs unio ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
Vasudcva.
Iiisi ol all lci mc ollci my icspccilul obcisanccs io my spiiiiual masici Om
Visnupada Simad llaliisiddlania Saiasvai Gosvam Piablupada, ilcn my
icspccilul obcisanccs io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Loid Caiianya
Malapiablu, wlo is associaicd wiil Si Advaiia Piablu, Niiyananda Piablu,
Gadadlaia Piablu, Sivasa Piablu, as wcll as wlosc cicinal assisianis aic ilc six
gosvams, lcadcd by Sila Rupa Gosvam, Sanaiana Gosvam Raglunaila llaiia
Gosvam, Gopala llaiia Gosvam, Si Jva Gosvam, Ragaunaila dasa Gosvam, as
wcll as wlosc piivaic scciciaiy is Si Svaiupa Damodaia dasa and His cicinal
aiicndani Govinda.
Tlcn lci us iall aboui ilc Pranma-sutra oi Vcanta-sutra. Tlcic aic many
commcnis on ilc Vcanta-sutra. In India cspccially ilc sysicm is ilai anyonc wlo
is ilc lcad ol a icligious insiiiuiion musi bc wcll convciscd wiil ilc Vcanta-
sutras, and is cxpccicd io wiiic commcnis on ilc Vcanta-sutra, wiiloui wlicl
onc is noi acccpicd as an acarya. Acarya mcans onc wlo lnows ilc puiposc ol
Vcdic lnowlcdgc. Hc pcisonally piaciiccs ilcm as wcll as icaclcs io lis disciplcs
ilc sysicm ol Vcdic lnowlcdgc.
Tlcic aic many acaryas, cspccially ol ilc vasnava-sampraaya, lilc ilc loui
sampraayas. ramanuja-sampraaya, manvacarya-sampraaya, vsnusvam-
sampraaya, and nmbarha-sampraaya. Oui sampraaya is callcd gauiya-
sampraaya, oi ilc Vaisnavas wlo aic in ilc disciplic succcssion ol Loid Caiianya
Malapiablu. Tlc gauiya-sampraaya aciually bclongs io ilc manva-sampraaya
and ilc manva-sampraaya bclongs io ilc branma-sampraaya.
lcsidcs ilcsc loui vasnava-acarya-sampraayas, ilcic aic also non-vasnava-
sampraayas, cspccially ilc impcisonalisi sclool lcadcd by Sanlaiacaiya.
Sanlaiacaiya las wiiiicn a commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutras, lnown as Sariraha-
bnaasya. gcncially ilis Sariraha-bnasya madc by Sanlaiacaiya is vciy populai on
accouni ol ilc picscni Indians bcing inllucnccd by maiciialisiic aciiviiics. lui siill
ilc oilci dillcicni bnasyas, oi commcniaiics, madc by ilc Vaisnava acaryas aic
also availablc in ilc gauiya-sampraaya, spccilically lcadcd by Rupa Gosvam.
In ilc bcginning ilcic was no commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutra bccausc
accoiding io Srima-Pnagavatam ii is said ilai ilc ical commcniaiy on ilc
Vcanta-sutra is Srima-Pnagavatam iiscll, picscnicd by ilc auiloi, Si Vyasadcva
Himscll. In oui cnglisl commcniaiy on ilc Srima-Pnagavatam Iiisi Canio, Iiisi
Clapici, wc lavc cxplaincd ilis laci ilai Srima-Pnagavatam is ilc iigli iypc ol
commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutra. As sucl ilc gauiya-vasnava-sampraaya did
noi ialc mucl caic io picscni ilcii commcniaiy on ilc Vcdania-suiia.
Aboui 200 ycais ago ilcic was a conclusion in Golpa disiiici in Jaipui, wlcicin
ilc acaryas oi lollowcis ol oilci sampraayas clallcngcd ilc gauiya-vasnava-
sampraaya ilai ii las no commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutra. Ai ilai iimc Si
Visvanaila Caliavaii Tlaluia was living in Vindavana, bui lc was ioo old, and
wlcn ilc Gaudya Vaisnavas appioaclcd lim io picscni a commcniaiy on ilc
Vcanta-sutra, lc aslcd lis disciplc, Si laladcva Vidyablusana io wiiic a
commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutra. As Vaisnavas aic gcncially vciy lumblc and
mccl, Si laladcva Vidyablusana ilougli limscll unlii io wiiic an auiloiizcd
commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutra, so lc appioaclcd Loid Govinda in ilc icmplc
ol Jaipui. Hc placcd limscll down bcloic Loid Govinda io ialc lis pcimission and
auiloiiiy io bcgin wiiiing a commcniaiy on ilc Vcanta-sutra, and lc was assuicd
by Govinda ilai lc could do so. Wiil ilis inspiiaiion lc wioic ilc Vcanta-sutra
commcniaiy lnown as Govna-bnasya. Tlis Govna-bnasya is vciy auiloiizcd
and acccpicd by all ilc vasnava-sampraayas, Tlis commcniaiy, wlicl may bc
lnown as Pnahtvcanta-bnasya, lollows ilc looipiinis ol Govna-bnasya.
Tlc ncccssiiy ol picscniing ilc Pnahtvcanta-bnasya commcniaiy on Vcanta-
sutra slould also bc cxplaincd lcicin. My spiiiiual masici, Om Visnupada
Paiamlamsa Si Simad llaliisiddlania Saiasvai Gosvam Malaiaja, oidcicd mc
io picscni ilc Gaudiya Vaisnava plilosoply in Lnglisl as lai as possiblc, and in
ilis aiicmpi loi ilc cnglisl-lnowing pcisons, sincc 1965 I lavc bccn in ilc
wcsicin couniiics wiil my ilicc bools ol ilc Iiisi Canio ol Srima-Pnagavatam.
Tlcn I picscnicd my commcniaiy on ilc Srima-Pnagava-gita lnown as 1nc
Pnagava-gita As |t |s, and similaily I lavc picscnicd 1nc 1cacnngs oj Lor
Catanya. Also, icqucsicd by many ol my wcsicin disciplcs, cspccially my woiily
disciplcs Siman Hansaduiia Das Adlilaii and Janaidana Das Adlilaii, wlo aic in
claigc ol ilc Moniical Ccnici, and I am iiying io picscni an Lnglisl commcniaiy
on ilc Vcanta-sutra as lollows.
Ai ilc picscni momcni all ovci ilc woild ilcic aic majoi poiiions ol godlcss
pcisons. Gcncially pcoplc aic vciy aiiaclcd io ilc void plilosply picscnicd by
Loid luddla oi ilc impcisonal plilosoply picscnicd by Sanlaiacaiya. In oilci
woids, io bc moic plain and simplc, pcoplc aic bccoming vciy ailcisiic. To say
ilai ilcic is no God, as ilc ailcisis dcclaic, is iailci bold and simplc, bui io say
ilai ilcic is a supicmc causc ilai is void, oi ilcic is God bui Hc las no loim, is
moic dangcious ilan ilc simplc dcclaiaiion ilai ilcic is no God.
Oui sociciy, lnown as ilc inicinaiional Sociciy loi Kiislna Consciousncss, las
now siaiicd ilc movcmcni loi Kisna Consciousncss , and ii is vciy giaiiliying ilai
ilc youngci gcnciaiion ol ilc wcsicin paii ol ilc woild, in Amciica, Canada, and
Luiopc, aic ialing inicicsi in ilis gicai movcmcni. Wc alicady lavc bianclcs in
almosi cvciy impoiiani ciiy ol ilc Uniicd Siaics and Canada, and wc lavc siaiicd
ccnicis also in London and Hambuig. Wc lopc ilai oui Kisna Consciousncss
movcmcni will giadually incicasc, as picdicicd by Loid Caiianya, wlo said ilai
His missionaiy aciiviiics, ilc samc as ilc Kisna Consciousncss movcmcni, will bc
picaclcd all ovci ilc woild, in cvciy villagc in cvciy couniiy. Taling inio
considciaiion ilc picscni aciiviiics ol ilis movcmcni, ii is lopcd ilai ilc
picdiciion ol Loid Caiianya will soon bc lullillcd and ilc pcoplc ol ilc woild will
bc vciy lappy, laving Kisna Consciousncss.
As iclciicd io abovc, gcncially ilc commcniaiy lnown as Sariraha-bnasya is
ialcn by ilc pcoplc as ilc puipoii ol Vcanta, oi in oilci woids Vcanta mcans
accoiding io ilc opinion ol ilc lollowcis ol Sanlaiacaiya's puipoii as cxplaincd by
lim in Sariraha-bnasya. lcsidcs ilc Sariraha-bnasya ol Sanlaiacaiya ilcic aic
many oilci ailcisiic sclools picacling Vcanta on ilc basis ol godlcssncss.
Onc ol ilc piomincni lollowcis ol Sanlaiacaiya, namcly Sadananda Yogndia,
las compilcd lis bool lnown as Vcanta-sara, in wlicl lc wiiics io piovc ilai ilc
io undcisiand boil ilc upansas and ilc Vcanta-sutra, Sanharacaryas Sariraha-
bnasya is ilc only mcans. Tlis is ilc claim ol monopoly by ilc mayavaa sclool.
Aciually Vcanta-sutra las many commcniaiics and all ilosc commcniaiics aic noi
on ilc basic piincipal ol monism oi impcisonalism.
All ilc piomincni acaryas ol ilc dillcicni vasnava-sampraayas navc compIc
commcntarcs on Vcanta-sutra, bui ilcy do noi lollow ilc piinciplcs ol ilc
Sanlaiiic sclool. On ilc oilci land ilc impcisonalisi monisis siicss moic on
non-dualiiy. Gcncially ilcy dcclaic ilcmsclvcs God and ilcic is no cxisiancc ol
God scpaiaicly.
Tlc monisiic sclool docs noi iccognizc ilc Vcanta commcniaiics picscnicd by
ilc Vaisnava acaryas, lnown as ilc sunavata, vsstavata and vatavata, as
wcll as ilc inconccivably-onc-and-dillcicni plilosoply ol Loid Caiianya, lnown
as acntyabncabnca-tattva. Accoiding io ilcm ilc monisiic commcniaiy on
Vcanta-sutra is linal, Loid Kisna las a maiciial body, and ilc lollowcis ol ilc
plilosoply ol Kisna Consciousncss aic noi iiansccndcnialisis.
Vcanta mcans ilc lasi woid in ilc maiici ol puisuing lnowlcdgc. Lvciyonc is
puisuing somc soii ol lnowlcdgc. Tlcic aic univcisiiics, insiiiuiions, and many
cducaiional csiablismcnis puisuing lnowlcdgc, bui Vcanta mcans ilc lasi woid in
ilc puisuii ol lnowlcdgc. Tlis lasi woid in ilc puisuii ol lnowlcdgc is cxplaincd
in ilc Pnagava-gita by Loid Kisna. Tlc puiposc ol Vcdic lnowlcdgc is io
undcisiand Kisna. Tlc cxaci woids in ilc 15il Clapici ol Pnagava-gita arc
sarvasya canam nr sannvstan. "ilc Loid is siiuaicd in cvciyonc's lcaii. Hc givcs
iniclligcncc and dclusion. Hc is ilc oiiginal souicc ol lnowlcdgc. Hc is ilc goal ol
lnowlcdgc. Hc is ilc compilci ol Vcanta-sutra, and Hc lnows wlai is Vcanta.."
Tlcsc woids aic a vciy signilicani cxplanaiion ol Vcanta-sutra by Kisna
limscll. In anoilci placc also Hc las iclciicd io ilc Vcanta-sutra by saying, ly
ilc couisc ol Pranma-sutra onc can aciually undcisiand wlai is ilc plilosoply ol
Pnagava-gita." Pnagava-gita and Vcanta-sutra aic vciy iniimaicly iniciiclaicd.
To undcisiand Vcanta-sutra iiglily is io undcisiand Pnagava-gita iiglily.
Tlc woid sutra mcans "summaiizcd codc". In ilc Shana and Vayu Puranas ilc
woid sutra is cxplaincd as "wlcn a ilcsis is picscnicd in lcw woids, bui wiil gicai
volumcs ol mcaning and, wlcn undcisiood, is vciy bcauiilul." Mcniioncd lcicin
aic ilc namcs ol dillcicni commcniaiics on Vcanta-sutra by dillcicni acaryas.
Tlis Sariraha-bnasya ol Sanlaiacaiya is also lnown as Vcanta-snanta. Tlc
summaiy ol non-dualism plilosoply cxpoundcd by Sanlaiacaiya is as lollows.
Accoiding io ilis plilosoply ilcic is only ilc Absoluic Tiuil. To ilis
plilosoply ilc living cniiiy is lialman and ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion is lalsc. Tlc
cxamplc ol icaliiy and lalsiiy is givcn by ilcm in ilc compaiison ol misialing a
scipcni and a iopc. In ilc dailncss, in illusion, a iopc may bc acccpicd as a
scipcni. Wlcn onc comcs io lis scnscs lc undcisiands ilai ilc iopc was noi a
scipcni. Tlcn ilc "scipcni" bccomcs lalsc. Similaily, accoiding io Sanlaia's
plilosoply ilis cosmic manilcsiaiion aciually is noi. Maya mcans Wlai is noi."
Ma mcans "noi" and ya mcans "ilis". In oilci woids ilc plcnomcnal
icpicscniaiion ol ilc maiciial woild las no icaliiy. lclind ilis plcnomcna ilc
noumcnon is icaliiy.
Accoiding io Sanlaia's plilosoply ilc Absoluic Tiuil is impcisonal. As sucl
ilcic is no divcisiiy. In ilc maiciial woild ilcic aic dillcicni linds ol divcisiiy,
jusi as divcisiiics ol ilc spccics ol lilc. Tlc dog spccics aic noi lilc ilc luman
bcing spccics. Tlis spccialiiy, dog spccics oi luman spccics, is picscni in ilc
maiciial woild, bui spiiiiually ilcic is no sucl dillcicniiaiion. Lvcn in pcisonal
considciaiions ilcic aic divcisiiics. In a pcisonal loim onc las lcgs, lands and
lcad. lui ilis dillcicniiaiion, accoiding io ilc mayavaa plilosoply ol
Sanlaiacaiya, is also lalsc. Sanlaiacaiya docs noi iccognizc qualilying ilc
lialman, jusi as Vaisnava plilosoply qualilics ilc Supicmc lialman. Talc loi
cxamplc: God is mcicilul. Tlis is a qualilicaiion ol God oi ilc Absoluic Tiuil.
lui, Sanlaia's plilosoply bcing impcisonal, ilcy do noi acccpi ilc Absoluic Tiuil
qualilicd by mcicilulncss, oi bcauiy, oi opulcncc. Tlcy do noi acccpi. Accoiding
io ilcm il ilc Absoluic Tiuil is qualilicd ilcn ii bccomcs limiicd by ilc
qualilicaiion. Tlcii conclusion is ilai il lialman, oi ilc Absoluic Tiuil, is
unlimiicd, ilcic slould noi bc any limiiaiion by qualilicaiion.
Tlc incainaiion ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil, oi Godlcad, is acccpicd by ilcm as a
manilcsiaiion ol maiciial dcsignaiion. In oilci woids, accoiding io Sanlaia's
plilosoply wlcn God oi ilc Absoluic Tiuil incainaics Hc assumcs a maiciial
body. Tlcicloic Hc is dcsignaicd. In ilai dcsignaicd loim only ilc Absoluic Tiuil
bccomcs ilc cicaioi, susiainci, and annililaioi ol ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion,
alilougl in lis commcniaiy on ilc Pnagava-gita, in ilc bcginning, Sanlaiacaiya
las acccpicd ilai Naiayana is bcyond ilis cosmic manilcsiaiion. Lvciyiling ilai is
manilcsicd in ilc maiciial woild is pioduccd liom ilc unmanilcsicd manat-tattva,
bui Naiayana is siill iiansccndcnial io ilc manat-tattva. In oilci woids, lc las
acccpicd ilai ilc manat-tattva is also cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, Naiayana. Tlcic aic so many coniiadiciions in lis plilosoply. Tlai is a
dillcicni subjcci maiici. Wc do noi wisl io cnici inio ilc coniiadiciiions ol lis
plilosoply, bui as lai as possiblc wc aic picscniing ilc summaiy ol mayavaa
plilosoply, non-dualism.
Accoiding io Sanlaiacaiya, in ilc liglcsi spiiiiual conccpiion ilc Absoluic
Tiuil is wiiloui any coniaminaiion ol maiciial cxisiancc, and ilcicloic Hc las no
conncciion wiil ilc cicaiion, susicnancc, oi annililaiion (ol ilc maiciial woild).
Hc is always dcvoid ol all qualiiics, wiiloui any divcisiiy, wiiloui any maiciial
condiiion, and wiiloui any icsponsibiliiy ol aciiviiics. As sucl, ilc cosmic
manilcsiaiion is also lalsc. Similaily ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo acccpis His
dcsignaiion liom ilis lalsc maiciial manilcsiaiion, ilc conccpiion ol ilc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, is also lalsc. Tlc Absoluic Tiuil is only conccivcd as
cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc, and lull ol bliss. Tlc appcaiancc as Naiayana, oi as an
incainaiion, is noi cicinal, bui is icmpoiaiy. Ioi somc puiposc Hc appcais lilc
ilai. Tlc uliimaic cnd is impcisonal.
Accoiding io Sanlaia's plilosoply, ilc dillcicniiaiion bciwccn God and ilc
living cniiiics is an illusion. Aciually, ilai is noi ilc laci. Tlc living cniiiics aic noi
suboidinaic cncigy ol ilc Supicmc. Simply bcing covcicd by ilc conccpiion ol
maya, ilc living cniiiics appcai io bc dillcicni liom ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlis
dillcicniiaiion bciwccn ilc living cniiiics and ilc Supicmc is manilcsicd in ilc
maiciial woild in oidinaiy dcalings. Spiiiiually ilcic is no sucl dillcicncc. Tlc
aciiviiics ol ilc living cniiiy in ilc spiiii ol cnjoymcni in ilc maiciial woild, lis
inliniicsimal qualiiy, oi lis minuicncss, oi lis inumciablcncss, aic only
dcsignaiions ol ilc lalsc maya.
An cxamplc in ilis conncciion givcn by ilc mayavai plilosoplcis is ilai ,
wlcn icllccicd by a icd llowci, ciysial glass appcais io bc icd, alilougl ilis las
noiling io do wiil ilc icdncss ol ilc glass. Ii is complcicly dillcicni liom ilc
coloi. Similaily, ilc living cniiiy in ilc coniaminaiion ol maya bccomcs aciivc, oi
bccomcs an cnjoyci, oi bccomcs inliniicsimal, oi in oilci woids bccomcs
individual. All ilcsc ilings aic aiiilicial coloi icllcciion only. Aciually, a living
cniiiy is puic lialman. Tlis ilcoiy ol icllcciion is callcd pratbmbavaa.
Accoiding io ilis plilosoply, iiansccndcnially ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc
Absoluic Tiuil, ilc living cniiiics, and maiciial naiuic.
Tlis non-dillcicniiaiion bciwccn ilc Absoluic Tiuil, ilc living cniiiics, and
ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion, is cxcmplilicd by ilc mayavai plilosoplci by ilc
lollowing cxamplc ol ilc cniiic sly and ilc poi. Tlc sly in ilc poi and ilc cniiic
sly aic ilc samc. lui ilc sly wiilin ilc poi appcais io bc limiicd on accouni ol
bcing dcsignaicd by ilc poi covci. Wlcn ilc poi is biolcn, oi ilc illusion ol maya
is dissipaicd, ilcic is no sucl dillcicncc ilai ilis poi is dillcicni liom ilai poi, oi
ilis sly is dillcicni liom ilai sly. Accoiding io Sanlaiacaiya ilis cosmic
manilcsiaiion is also maya. Wlcn ilcsc maiciial clcmcnis dissappcais, ilcn only
cxisicniial lialman will icmain. Tlcicloic, lialman is iiuil and ilis cosmic
manilcsiaiion is lalsc.
Sanlaiacaiya docs noi acccpi ilc ilcoiy ol iiansloimaiion, as ilc Vaisnava
acaryas, do. Tlc ilcoiy ol iiansloimaiion is cxplaincd in ilis way. Jusi as mill is
iiansloimcd inio yoguii undci cciiain condiiions, bui yoguii cannoi bc
iiansloimcd again inio mill, noi can ii bc uscd as mill, in ilc samc way ilc living
cniiiics cannoi bccomc ilc Supicmc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlis ilcoiy ol iiansloimaiion
is noi acccpicd by ilc mayavai plilosoplci.
Aciually, ilis lind ol piopaganda by Sanlaiacaiya was donc undci Supicmc
oidci io dissipaic ilc dail luddlisi plilosoply and io csiablisl ilc Vcdic
plilosoply, ilc Absoluic iiuil. Accoiding io Si Caiianya Malapiablu, Sanlaia's
mayavaa plilosoply is anoilci cdiiion ol luddla's plilosoply. luddla's
plilosoply ol voidncss is almosi cqual io ilc impcisonal plilosoply ol Sanlaia.
Tlcicloic, accoiding io Sanlaia's plilosoply, impcisonal non-vaiicgaicdncss is
ilc uliimaic siagc ol pcilcci lnowlcdgc.
Tlc gicaicsi opposiiion was ollcicd by Si Ramanujacaiya io ilc Sanlaia
plilosoply. Ramanuja's plilosoply is lnown as vsstavatavaa. Tlis dociiinc ol
vsstavatavaa was noi ncwly picscnicd by Si Ramanujacaiya, bui bcloic lim
ilcic wcic oilci cxponcnis ol ilis dociiinc and ilcy aic lnown as Nailamuni and
Yamunacaiya.
Tlc basic piinciplc ol ilc vsstavatavaa dociiinc is ilai in God's cicaiion
ilcic is ilc division ol scniicni and non-scniicni, jusi as in siudying oui own scll
wc lind ilai oui body is maiciial, oi non-scniicni, and oui mind iniclligcncc and
lalsc cgo aic ilc pail bciwccn my scll and my body. My scll is scniicni. Similaily,
ilc Supicmc Loid is scniicni, and ilis maiciial cosmic manilcsiaiion is His body.
Combincd iogcilci, ilc Absoluic Tiuil loims a combinaiion ol ilc scniicni and
non-scniicni lcaiuics. Tlis is callcd vsstavatavaa.
Accoiding io Si Ramanujacaiya ilcic aic ilicc iiuils: namcly ilc scniicni, ilc
non-scniicni, and ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlcy aic gcncially callcd tattva-traya. Tlc
inumciablc living cniiiics as a gioup aic callcd ilc scniicni cncigy ol ilc Supicmc
Loid, wlcias ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion is callcd ilc maiciial cncigy ol ilc Loid.
Tlc Loid Himscll is abovc ilcm. Hc las all-auspicious iiansccndcnial qualiiics. Hc
is omniscicni and omnipoicni. Hc is scll-cllulgcni. Hc is ilc Loid ol ilc cicaiion.
Hc is lnown as ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Vasudcva. Tlc maiciial
woild and ilc living cniiiics aic scniicni and inscniicni bodily paiis ol ilc Loid.
Si Ramanujacaiya las claboiaicly dclincaicd lis plilosoply in 12 divisions as
lollows;
1. Tlc Supicmc Absoluic Tiuil is onc in ilc combinaiion ol gioss, subilc,
scniicni, and inscniicni gioups,
2. Hc las pioicsicd againsi ilc dociiinc ol dualism as wcll as ilc dociiinc ol
monism.
3. Hc las acccpicd ilai ilc Absoluic Tiuil, lialman, las iiansccndcnial
qualiiics and iiansccndcnial poicncics, and ilcicloic Hc is noi impcisonal.
+. Hc las vclcmcnily pioicsicd ilc dociiinc ol an impcisonal, non-qualiiaiivc
Absoluic Tiuil.
5. Hc las dclibciaicly csiablislcd ilc dociiinc ol ilc living cniiiics bcing
inliniicsimal and ilc in ilc supicmc Loid bcing inliniic, and ilcicloic ilc
inliniicsimal living cniiiics aic consiiiuiionally mcani loi sciving ilc inliniic
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
6. Hc las csiablislcd ilai ilc living cniiiics, wlo aic inliniicsimal, aic subjcci
io lall viciim undci ignoiancc, bui wlcn ilcy aic oui ol ilai posiiion ol ignoiancc
ilcy bccomc again libciaicd.
7. Hc las piovcd ilai only iiansccndcnial loving scivicc io ilc Supicmc Loid is
ilc mcans ol libciaiion liom maiciial cnianglcmcni.
S. Accoiding io lis oppinion, dcvoiional scivicc is ilc supcimosi piosccss loi
scll-icalizaiion.
9. Hc las siaicd siiongly ilai cvcn in ilc siaic ol libciaiion onc cannoi bc cqual
wiil ilc Supicmc Loid.
10. Hc las pui siiong aigumcnis againsi ilc impcisonal dociiinc ol monism.
11. Hc las piovcd ilai ilis maiciial woild is abominablc, and ilc spiiiiual
woild is ical lilc loi cicinal bliss.
12. Hc las csiablislcd ilai ilc living cniiiics and ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion aic
dillcicni bodily paiis ol ilc Supicmc Loid.
Also, Ramanujacaiya las cxplaincd ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
dcsccnds in livc dillcicni lcaiuics, namcly arca, ilc Dciiy in ilc icmplc, ilc
incainaiions, sucl as ilc lisl-incainaiion, ioiiisc-incainaiion, boai-incainaiion,
and Nisimla-incainaiion, wlicl aic callcd vaiblava. Tlcn Hc las cxpansions
callcd vyuna, sucl as ilc cxpansions ol Vasudcva, Sanlaisana, Piadyumna, and
Aniiuddla. His impcisonal cxpansion is ilc cllulgcncc ol His body. Hc is also
picscni in cvciyonc's lcaii as Aniaiyam, oi ilc Supcisoul. All ilcsc dillcicni
plcnaiy poiiions ol ilc Supicmc Loid aic bcyond maiciial coniaminaiion, cicinal,
wiiloui any lamcniaiion, always supciioi ilan ilc living cniiiics, and lull ol six
opulcnccs.
Accoiding io Ramanujacaiya, ilcic aic livc linds ol mcilods ol woislip, wlicl
aic callcd abngamana, upaana, jya, sanyaya, and yoga. Wlcn dcvoiccs go io ilc
icmplc, clcan ilc icmplc oi ilc pail io ilc icmplc, and dccoiaic ilc icmplc in
vaiious ways, sucl aciiviiics aic callcd abngamana. Tlc collcciion ol ingicdicnis
sucl as llowcis and oilci paiaplanalia loi woislip is callcd upaana. Woislip ol
ilc Loid in ilc icmplc is callcd jya. Claniing dillcicni maniias and ollciing
dillcicni linds ol piaycis is callcd sanyaya. Mcdiiaiion, oi icmcmbciing ilc
aciiviiics ol ilc Loid in lull absoipiion, is callcd yoga. Piaciicing all dillcicni linds
ol woislip onc can aiiain ilc plancis in ilc spiiiiual woild lnown as
Vailunilalola. Accoiding io Si Ramanujacaiya, aiiainmcni ol Vailunila is ilc
liglcsi pcilcciional siagc.
Tlc gicaincss ol Ramanujacaiya is ilai lc limscll, and laici on lis disciplic
succcssion, cvci-incicasingly pioicsicd ilc impcisonalism ol Sanlaiacaiya. Siill in
souilcin India ilcsc iwo paiiics comc in conllici and gcncially ilc paiiy bclonging
io ilc ramanujacarya-sampraaya s vctorous.
Pancaratra icgulaiivc piincipals wcic cuiicni bcloic ilc advcni ol Sanlaiacaiya,
bui on accouni ol ilc inllucncc ol luddla's plilosoply sucl pancaratra icgulaiivc
piincipals wcic sioppcd. Sanlaiacaiya, insicad ol diiccily ic-csiablisling ilc
pancaratra mcilod, iool slclici ol mayavaa plilosoply io dclcai luddla's
plilosoply. Si Ramanujacaiya ic-csiablislcd ilc pancaratra, oi woislip.
Alici Si Ramanujacaiya is ilc appcaiancc ol Madlvacaiya, wlosc dociiinc is
suna-vatavaa. Hc vciy siiongly csiablislcd ilc dociiinc ol dualiiy, ilai God,
oi ilc Absoluic Tiuil, and ilc living cniiiics aic complcicly dillcicni cniiiics, on
ilc cvidcncc ol Pranma-sutra oi Vcanta-sutra, as wcll as llagavad-gia, ilc
puranas, and ilc Naraa-pancaratra.
Hc piovcd dualiiy in cvciy siagc namcly ilai ilc Supicmc Loid and ilc living
cniiiy aic iwo dillcicni cniiiics. Similaily ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion and ilc
Supicmc Loid aic also iwo dillcicni cniiiics. Onc living cniiiy is dillcicni loim
anoilci living cniiiy. In oilci woids, cacl and cvciy living cniiiy is individual.
Tlcic is a dillcicncc bciwccn scniicni and non-scniicni cniiiics, and ilcic is also a
dillcicncc bciwccn onc lind ol inscniicni maiici and anoilci lind ol inscniicni
maiici. Madlvacaiya csiablislcd ilai iwo is noi onc, bui iwo.
Onc iiuil is complcicly indcpcndcni and ilc oilci iiuil is dcpcndcni. Loid
Visnu is ilc supicmc indcpcndcni Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, qualilicd wiil
iiansccndcnial qualiiics wiiloui any maiciial coniaminaiion. Tlcicloic Hc is lully
indcpcndcni. Lxccpi Loid Visnu, anyiling clsc, ciilci cosmic manilcsiaiion oi
living cniiiics, aic noi indcpcndcni bui aic dcpcndcni on ilc Supicmc Loid.
Tlc living cniiiics aic qualiiaiivcly icpicscniaiions ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlc
dociiinc ilai man is madc alici God is acccpicd by Madlvacaiya. Tlc lcaiuics ol
man aic an cxaci icllcciion ol ilc lcaiuic ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Hc also acccpis ilai
ilc Supicmc Loid cxpands in mulii-plcanaiy-poiiions, as wcll as scpaiaicd-
poiiions callcd jiva-tattva. All ilc jiva-tattvas, oi living cniiiics, aic cicinally
associaics ol ilc Supicmc Loid io icndci iiansccndcnial loving scivicc io Him. Tlc
living cniiiics' lnowlcdgc is always inlciioi oi incomplcic.
Tlc Supicmc Loid and ilc living cniiiics aic always in ilc posiiion ol Supicmc
and suboidinaic. Tlc living cniiiics aic always suboidinaic. Tlcy lavc no
indcpcndcni powci. As is conliimcd in Pnagava-gita, 5il Clapici, 15il Vcisc, ilc
Loid says ilai lnowlcdgc and icmcmbiancc aic always givcn by ilc Supicmc
Loid, as antaryami, oi Supcisoul, io ilc living cniiiics. Oilciwisc, ilc living
cniiiics lavc no indcpcndcni powci io mcmoiizc, ilinl, oi aci.
In coniiasi io ilc living cniiiy, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Visnu, is
complcic in lnowlcdgc and complcic in bliss. Hc is always woislipablc by ilc
living cniiiics and Hc is ilc oiiginal supicmc dominaioi wlcicas ilc living cniiiics
aic ilc oiiginal picdominaicd. Hc is, ilcicloic, ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol ilc cosmic
manilcsiaion, wlicl is also cicinal, alilougl icmpoiaiily manilcsicd. Tlcicloic
boil ilc living cniiiics and ilc cosmic manilcsiaiion aic undci ilc suboidinaiion
ol ilc Supicmc Loid.
Tlc Supicmc Loid is always dillcicnily siiuaicd, as is also conliimcd in ilc
Pnagava-gita, wlcic ii is said ilai cvciyiling is icsiing on ilc Supicmc Loid, bui
siill Hc is always dillcicni liom cvciyiling. Accoiding io Madlvacaiya, cvcn ai ilc
iimc ol cosmic dissoluiion ilc living cniiiics and ilc maiciial cncigy icmain
scpaiaic liom ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlcy aic ncvci mixcd up as is advocaicd by ilc
impcisonalisis.
Madlvacaiya was in vciy gicai opposiiion io ilc dociiinc ol Sanlaiacaiya.
Piaciically ilc manvacarya-sampraaya lollowcis aic simply ligliing againsi ilc
dociiinc ol mayavaa plilosoply piopoundcd by Sanlaiacaiya. Hc dclcaicd ilc
dociiinc ol Sanlaiacaiya and csiablislcd ilc dociiinc ol dualiiy.
Apaii liom ilc abovc mcniioncd iwo dociiincs ol vsstavatavaa and suna-
vatavaa, ilcic aic oilci dociiincs advocaicd by ilc vsnusvami-sampraaya and
nmbarha-sampraaya. Tlc vsnusvami-sampraaya laici on dcvclopcd inio ilc
baIacva-sampraaya. Tlcii dociiinc is callcd sunavatavaa, and ilc dociiinc
ol nmbarha-sampraaya is callcd vatavatavaa.
An adjusimcni ol all ilc dociiincs: vsstavatavaa, suna-vatavaa,
sunavatavaa, and vatavatavaa was vciy niccly donc by Loid Caiianya
Malapiablu in lis dociiinc acbntya-bncabnca-tattva. In ilis dociiinc, Loid
Caiianya las discusscd vciy claboiaicly all linds ol old and ncw dociiincs in ilc
maiici ol undcisianding iiansccndcnial subjcci maiici, and in oidci io minimizc
ilc dillcicni vicws ol dillcicni plilosoplcis, Hc las addcd a vciy nicc conccpiion
wlicl is callcd acntya.
Tlis woid is vciy applicablc io ilc plilosoplical dociiincs ol ilc condiiioncd
soul. A condiiioncd soul aciually cannoi ascciiain ilc naiuic ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil
simply by spcculaiion, bui only iliougl ilc auiloiiiy ol Vcdic lnowlcdgc. Tlc
woid acntya applics in all ilc dociiincs.
Si Caiianya Malapiablu was noi vciy conccincd aboui ilcsc dociiincs io
undcisiand ilc Absoluic Tiuil. His main busincss was io disiiibuic io ilc gcncial
mass ol pcoplc ilc piinciplcs ol Srima-Pnagavatam, wlicl is ilc naiuial
commcniaiy on Vcanta-sutra.
Accoiding io Srima-Pnagavatam, all plilosoplical spcculaiion and icligious
piiniplcs combincd iogcilci culminaic in ilc undcisianding ol lovc ol Godlcad.
Man cannoi bc saiislicd simply by icligious scniimcnis oi plilosoplical
spcculaiion bui, accoiding io Srima-Pnagavatam, wlcn onc is clcvaicd io ilc
plailoim ol icndciing loving scivicc io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
wiiloui any moiivc and wiiloui bcing lampcicd by any maiciial condiiion, ilai
siagc ol iiansccndcnial icalizaiion is ilc liglcsi piinciplc ol spiiiiual
undcisianding, and in ilai siagc only onc can bc lully saiislicd.
Caiianya Malapiablu was moic conccincd io dclivci io ilc pcoplc ilis siaius
ol lilc wiiloui mucl boilciing aboui plilosoplical spcculaiions. Loid Si
Caiianya Malapiablu ncvci laboicd vciy mucl io picscni a ilcsis ol ilis dociiinc
in a scpciaic bool, bui laici on lis diciplic succcssion, cspccially, among ilc six
Gosvams, Sila Jva Gosvam las picscnicd six ilcscs, wlicl combincdly aic
callcd Sat-sannarbna. Ol ilc six sannarbnas ilc onc lnown as 1attva-sannarbna
is a piaciical picscniaiion ol ilis dociiinc and cxplains Vcanta-sutra siiicily
accoiding io ilc piinciplcs ol acntya-bncabnca-tattva. Laici on, Si laladcva
Vidyablusana iool ilis docigiinc and cxplaincd Vcanta-sutra siiicily accoiding
io ilai piinciplc ol acntya-bncabnca-tattva.
His Divinc Giacc A. C. llaliivcdania Swami Piablupada
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
satyam jnanam anantam
branma-sva-stutam bnaja-rupam
govnam tam acntyam
nctum aosam namasyaman
Loid Govinda is ilc Supicmc lialman, ilc absoluic iiansccndcnial icaliiy. Hc is
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Hc is ilc oiiginal causc ol all causcs. Hc is limiilcss and
laulilcss. Loid Siva and all ilc dcmigods piaisc Him. Tlc dcvoiccs woislip His
iiansccndcnial loim. Wc ollci oui icspccilul obcisanccs unio Him.
sutramsubns tamams
vyuasya vastun yan parihsayatc
sa jayat satyavatayc
narr anuvrtto nata-prcstnan
All gloiics io Sila Vyasadcva, ilc son ol Saiyavai. Vyasadcva is ilc incainaiion ol
Loid Haii, and Hc is vciy dcai io ilc dcvoiccs. Wiil ilc cllulgcncc ol His Vcanta-
sutra Hc las dispcllcd ilc dailncss ol ignoiancc and icvcalcd ilc iiuil.
Duiing ilc Dvapaia-yuga ilc Vcas wcic dcsiioycd. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, icsponding io ilc piaycis ol Loid lialma and ilc oilci bcwildcicd
dcmigods, appcaicd as Kisna Dvaipayana Vyasa, icsioicd ilc Vcdas, dividcd ilcm
inio paiis, and composcd ilc Vcanta-sutra in loui clapicis io cxplain ilcm. Tlis
is dcsciibcd in ilc Shana Purana.
Ai ilai iimc many lools piopoundcd vaiious misinicipiciaiions ol ilc Vcdas.
Somc said ilai ilc liglcsi goal ol lilc was io aci piously in oidci io icap ilc
bcncliis ol good harma. Somc said ilai Loid Visnu is Himscll bound by ilc laws ol
harma. Somc mainiaincd ilai ilc liuiis ol good harma, sucl as icsidcncc in svarga
(ilc uppci maiciial plancis) wcic cicinal. Somc said ilc jivas (individual living
cniiiics) and prahrt (maiciial cncigy) acicd indcpcndcnily, wiiloui bcing subjcci
io any liglci powci, oi God. Somc said ilc jivas (individual living cniiiics) aic
aciually ilc Supicmc lialman (God), and ilai ilc jivas aic simply bcwildcicd
aboui ilcii idcniiiy, oi ilai ilc jivas aic a icllcciion ol God, oi scpaiaicd liagmcnis
ol God. Somc said ilai ilc jiva bccomcs licc liom ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and
dcail wlcn Hc undcisiands lis ical idcniiiy as ilc pcilccily spiiiiual Supicmc
lialman (God).
Tlc Vcanta-sutra icluics all ilcsc misconccpiions, and csiablislcs Loid Visnu
as supicmcly indcpcndcni, ilc oiiginal cicaioi and causc ol all causcs, omniscicni,
ilc uliimaic goal ol lilc loi all living cniiiics, ilc supicmc icligious piinciplc and
ilc supicmc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Tlc Vcanta-sutra dcsciibcs livc tattvas (iiuils): 1. isvara (Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad); 2. jiva (ilc individual living cniiiy, oi spiiii-soul); 3.
prahrt ,mattcr), -. haIa (iimc); and 5. harma (aciion).
Tlc isvara is omniscicni, bui ilc jiva las only limiicd lnowlcdgc. Siill, boil aic
cicinal bcings, aic awaic ol ilc spiiiiual icaliiy, and lavc a vaiiciy ol spiiiiual
qualiiiics. loil aic alivc, lavc pcisonaliiy, and aic awaic ol ilcii own idcniiiy.
Ai ilis poini somconc may objcci: "In onc placc you lavc said ilai ilc
Supicmc Godlcad is omniscicni, and in anoilci placc you lavc said ilai Hc is
lnowlcdgc iiscll. Tlis is a coniiadiciion, loi ilc lnowci and ilc objcci ol
lnowlcdgc musi bc dillcicni. Tlcy cannoi bc ilc samc.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Jusi as a lamp is noi dillcicni liom ilc ligli ii
cmanaics and ii's ligli is boil ilc objcci ol lnowlcdgc and ilc mcilod ol aiiaining
ii, in ilc samc way ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is simuliancously ilc
supicmc lnowci and ilc supicmc objcci ol lnowlcdgc. Tlcic is no coniiadiciion.
|svara is supicmcly indcpcndcni. Hc is ilc masici ol all poicncics. Hc cnicis ilc
univcisc and coniiols ii. Hc awaids boil maiciial cnjoymcni and and uliimaic
libciaiion io io ilc individual spiiii souls (jivas)icsiding in maiciial bodics.
Alilougl Hc is onc, Hc manilcsis in many loims. Tlcy wlo undcisiand ilc
iiansccndcnial scicncc mainiain ilai Hc is noi dillcicni liom His own
iiansccndcnial loim and qualiiics. Alilougl Hc cannoi bc pciccivcd by ilc
maiciial scnscs, Hc can bc pciccivcd by bnaht (dcvoiional scivicc). Hc is
clangclcss. Hc icvcals His own spiiiiual, blisslul loim io His dcvoiccs.
Tlc many jivas aic siiuaicd in dillcicni condiiions ol cxisicncc. Somc aic
avcisc io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and iuin ilcii laccs liom Him.
Sucl jivas aic bound by maiciial illusion. Oilci jivas aic liicndly io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and iuin ilcii laccs io Him. Tlcsc jivas bccomc licc liom
ilc iwo-lold bondagc ol maiciial illusion, wlicl lidcs ilc Supicmc Loid's loim
and qualiiics, and in ilis way ilcy bccomc ablc io scc ilc Supicimc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad lacc-io-lacc.
Prahrt (maiciial naiuic) consisis ol ilc ilicc modcs: goodncss, passion, and
ignoiancc. Prahrt is lnown by many namcs, sucl as taman and maya. Wlcn ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad glanccs ai Prahrt, slc bccomcs ablc io pciloim
lci vaiious duiics. Prahrt is ilc moilci ol many vaiicgaicd maiciial univciscs.
KaIa (iimc) is ilc oiigin ol pasi, picscni, luiuic, simulianciiy, slowncss,
quiclncss, and many oilci similai siaics. KaIa is dividcd inio many dillcicni uniis
liom ilc cxiicmcly biicl hsana io ilc cxicimcly long pararna. Tuining lilc a
wlccl, iimc is ilc causc ol icpcaicd cicaiion and annililaiion ol ilc univciscs.
Timc is unconscious. Ii is noi a pcison.
Tlcsc loui tattvas (isvara, jiva, prahrt, and haIa) aic cicinal. Tlis is conliimcd
by ilc lollowing sciipiuial quoiaiions:
ntyo ntyanam cctanas cctananam
"Ol all ilc cicinals onc (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) is ilc supicmc
cicinal. Ol all conscious cniiiics onc (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) is ilc
supicmc consicous cniiiy."
--Svctasvatara Lpansa 6.13
gaur anay anantavati
"Prahrt is lilc a cow wlo was ncvci boin and ncvci dics."
-CuIha Lpansa maniia 5
sa cva saumycam agra asit
"My dcai sainily siudcni, plcasc undcisiand ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is cicinal. Hc is cxisicd bcloic ilc manilcsiaiion ol ilis univcisc."
-Cnanogya Lpansa 6.2.1
Tlc jivas, prahrt, and haIa aic suboidinaic io isvara, and subjcci io His coniiol.
Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Svctasvatara Lpansa (6.16):
sa vsva-hr vsva-v atma-yonr
jnan haIa-haro gun sarva-v yan
pranana-hsctrajna-patr guncsan
samsara-mohsa-stnt-banna-nctun
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad (isvara) is ilc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial
univciscs. Hc is ilc cicaioi ol cvciyiling ilai cxisis wiilin ilc univciscs. Hc is ilc
lailci ol all living cniiiics. Hc is ilc cicaioi ol iimc. Hc is lull ol all iiansccndcnial
viiiucs. Hc is omniscicni. Hc is ilc masici ol pranana (ilc unmanilcsicd maiciial
naiuic). Hc is ilc masici ol ilc gunas (ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic). Hc is ilc
masici ol ilc individual spiiii souls icsiding maiciial bodics (hsctrajna). Hc
impiisons ilc condidiioncd souls in ilc maiciial woild, and Hc also bccomcs ilcii
libciaioi liom bondagc."
Karma (ilc icsuli ol liuiiivc aciion) is noi a conscious, living pcison. Ii is an
incii maiciial loicc. Alilougl no onc can iiacc oui iis bcginning, ii las a dcliniic
cnd ai somc poini in iimc. Ii is lnown by ilc namc arsta (ilc unsccn land ol
laic) and many oilci namcs also.
Tlcsc loui (jiva, prahrt, haIa, and harma) aic all poicncics ol isvara, ilc
supicmc masici ol all poicncics. lccausc cvciyiling ilai cxisis is ilc poicncy ol
ilc Supicmc, ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics dcclaic: "Only lialman cxisis, and noiling is
scpaiaic liom Him." Tlis laci is niccly cxplaincd in ilc loui clapicis ol ilis bool,
ilc Vcanta-sutra.
In ilc Srima-Pnagavatam, wlicl is ilc pcilcci commcniaiy on Vcanta-sutra,
ilc Supicmc isvara and His poicncics aic dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids:
bnaht-yogcna manas
samyah pranntc maIc
apasyat purusam purnam
mayam ca ta-apasrayam
"Tlus lc lixcd lis mind, pcilccily cngaging ii by linling ii in dcvoiional scivicc
bnaht-yoga] wiiloui any iingc ol maiciialism, and ilus lc saw ilc Absoluic
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad along wiil His cxicinal cncigy, wlicl was undci lull
coniiol.
yaya sammonto jiva
atmanam tr-gunatmaham
paro p manutc nartnam
tat-hrtam cabnpayatc
"Duc io ilis cxicinal cncigy, ilc living cniiiiy, alilougl iiansccndcnial io ilc
ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic, ilinls ol limscll as a maiciial pioduci and ilus
undcigocs ilc icaciions ol maiciial misciics.
anartnopasamam sahsa
bnaht-yogam anohsajc
Iohasyajanato vvams
cahrc satvata-samntam
"Tlc maiciial misciics ol ilc living cniiiy, wlicl aic supcilluous io lim, can bc
diiccily miiigaicd by ilc linling pioccss ol dcvoiional scivicc. lui ilc mass ol
pcoplc do noi lnow ilis, and ilcicloic ilc lcaincd Vyasadcva compilcd ilis Vcdic
liiciaiuic, wlicl is in iclaiion io ilc Supicmc Tiuil."
-1.7.+-6
ravyam harma ca haIas ca
svabnavo jiva cva ca
ya-anugranatan sant
na sant ya-upchsaya
"Onc slould dcliniicly lnow ilai all maiciial ingicdicnis, aciiviiics, iimc and
modcs, and ilc living cniiiics wlo aic mcani io cnjoy ilcm all, cxisi by His mcicy
only, and as soon as Hc docs noi caic loi ilcm, cvciyiling bccomcs noncxisicni."
-2.10.12
Tlai Srima-Pnagavatam is ilc commcniaiy on Vcanta-sutra is conliimcd by
ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Garua Purana-
artno yam branma-sutranam
"Srima-Pnagavatam is ilc commcniaiy on Vcanta-sutra."
In ilis Vcanta-sutra ilc liisi clapici cxplains ilai lialman is ilc ical subjcci
maiici discusscd in all Vcdic liiciaiuics. Tlc sccond clapici cxplains ilai all Vcdic
liiciaiuics picscni ilc samc conclusion. Tlcy do noi aciually coniiadici cacl
oilci. Tlc iliid clapici dcsciibcs low io aiiain lialman. Tlc louiil clapici
cxplains ilc icsuli ol aiiaining lialman.
A pcison wlosc lcaii is puic, pious, and licc liom maiciial dcsiics, wlo is
cagci is associaic wiil sainily dcvoiccs, wlo las laiil in ilc Loid and ilc
sciipiuics, and wlo is pcacclul and dccoiaicd wiil sainily qualiiiiics, is qualilicd
io siudy ilc sciipiuics and siiivc alici lialman.
Tlc iclaiionslip bciwccn lialman and ilc sciipiuics is ilai ilc sciipiuics
dcsciibc lialman and lialman is ilc objcci dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics. Tlc
Vcanta-sutra and oilci Vcdic sciipiuics dcsciibc lialman as ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc loim is cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss, wlo is
ilc masici ol unlimiicd inconccivablc poicncics, and wlo posscsscs unlimiicd
puic, iiansccndcnial aiiiibuics. Tlc icsuli ol piopcily undcisianding ilc Vcanta-
sutra and oilci Vcdic sciipiuics is ilai ilc spiiiiual aspiiani bccomcs licc liom all
maiciial impcilcciions, and ablc io scc ilc Supicmc lialman, Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, lacc io lacc.
Tlc Vcanta-sutra is wiiiicn in anharanas, Vcdic syllogisms, wlicl consisi ol
livc paiis: 1. vsaya (ilcsis, oi siaicmcni); 2. samsaya (ilc aiisal ol doubi in ilc
icnabiliiy ol ilc siaicmcni); 3. purvapahsa (picscniaiion ol a vicw opposing ilc
oiiginal siaicmcni) +. snanta (dciciminaiion ol ilc aciual iiuil, ilc linal
conclusion, by quoiaiion liom Vcdic sciipiuics), and sangat (conliimaiion ol ilc
linal conclusion by quoiaiion liom Vcdic sciipiuics).
Chapfer 1
Pada 1
Adhikarana 1
Inquiry Info Brahman
Tlc liisi anharana ol ilc Vcanta-sutra discusscs branma-jjnasa (inquiiy inio
lialman). Tlc anharana may bc slown in iis livc paiis in ilc lollowing way:
1. Vsaya (siaicmcni): Onc slould inquiic aboui lialman. Tlis siaicmcni is
conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol Vcdic sciipiuic:
yo va bnuma tat suhnam nanyat suhnam ast bnumava suhnam bnumatvcva
vjjnastavyan
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad (bnuma) is ilc souicc ol gcnuinc
lappincss. Noiling clsc can biing onc aciual lappincss. Only ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can biing onc lappincss. Ioi ilis icason onc slould
inquiic aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
-Cnanogya Lpansa 7.25.1
atma va arc rastavyan srotavyo mantavyo nnyastavyo matrcy
"O Maiiicy, onc slould scc, lcai, icmcmbci, and inquiic aboui ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
-Prna-aranyaha Lpansa 2.+.5
2. Samsaya (doubi): Il onc las siudicd ilc Vcas and narma-sastras, nccd lc
inquiic aboui lialman oi noi' Tlc lollowing siaicmcnis ol Vcdic sciipiuics
nouiisl ilis doubi:
apama somam amrta abnuma
"Wc lavc aiiaincd immoiialiiy by diinling ilc soma-juicc."
-Pg Vca S.1S.3
ahsayyam na va caturmasyajnan suhrtam bnavat
"Tlcy wlo lollow ilc vow ol caturmasya aiiain an cicinal icwaid."
3. Purvapahsa (picscniaiion ol ilc opposing vicw): Tlcic is no nccd io inquiic
aboui lialman. Simply by disclaiging oidinaiy pious duiics dcsciibcd in ilc
narma-sastras onc can aiiain immoiialiiy and an cicinal icwaid.
+. Snanta (ilc conclusivc iiuil): In ilc liisi sutra llagavan Vyasadcva
icplics io lis plilosoplical opponcni.
Sufra 1
atnato branma-jjnasa
atna-nov, atan-tncrcjorc, branma-about Pranman, jjnasa-tncrc snouI bc
nqury.
Now, ilcicloic, onc slould inquiic aboui lialman.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis sutra ilc woid atna mcans "now", and ilc woid atan mcans "ilcicloic".
Tlc sutra mcans "Now onc slould inquiic aboui lialman."
Atna (now): Wlcn a pcison las piopcily siudicd ilc Vcdic liiciaiuic,
undcisiood iis mcaning, adlcicd io ilc piinciplcs ol varnasrama-narma, obscivcd
ilc vow ol iiuillulncss, puiilicd lis mind and lcaii, and aiiaincd ilc associaiion
ol a scll-icalizcd soul, lc is qualilicd io inquiic aboui lialman.
Atan (ilcicloic): lccausc maiciial piciy biings icsulis ol maiciial scnsc-
lappincss, wlicl is incviiably limiicd and icmpoiaiy, and bccausc ilc
iiansccndcnial loim ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlicl is icalizcd by
ilc piopci aiiainmcni ol ical iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, and wlicl is lull ol
impciislablc, limiilcss bliss, ciciniiy, iiansccndcnial lnowldcgc, and all
iiansccndcnial aiiiibuics, biings cicinal bliss io ilc dcvoicc-bcloldci, ilcicloic
onc slould icnouncc all maiciial pious duiics loi aiiaining maiciial scnsc-
giaiilicaiion, and inquiic aboui lialman by siudying ilc loui clapicis ol Vcanta-
sutra.
Ai ilc poini somconc may objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai simply by siudying ilc
Vcas onc aiiains lnowlcdgc ol lialman, and as icsuli ol ilis lnowlcdgc onc
abandons ilc pail ol maiciial piciy and liuiiivc woil and insicad ialcs io ilc
woislip ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad' Il ilis icsuli is obiaincd simply
by siudying ilc Vcas,, wlai nccd is ilcic io siudy ilc loui clapicis ol Vcanta-
sutra'
To ilis objcciion I icply: Lvcn il onc caiclully siudics ilc Vcas,
misundcisianding and doubi may dcsiioy lis iniclligcncc and lcad lim away liom
ilc ical mcaning ol ilc Vcas. Ioi ilis icason ii is ncccssaiy io siudy ilc Vcanta-
sutra, io siicgnilcn ilc siudcnis's undcisianding.
Pciloiming ilc duiics ol asrama-narma aic also lclplul in puiilying ilc lcaii
and undcisianding ilc iiansccndcnial icaliiy. How ilc asrama duiics ol ilc
branmana lclp in ilis icgaid is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Prna-
aranyaha Lpansa (+.+.22):
tam ctam vcanuvacancna branmana vvsant yajncna ancna tapasanasancna
"ly Vcdic siudy, saciilicc, claiiiy, ausiciiiy, and lasiing, ilc branmanas siiivc io
undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlc usclulncss ol ilc bialminical duiics sucl as iiuillulncss, ausiciiiy, and
mantra claniing is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing sciipiuial siaicmcnis:
satycna Iabnayas tapasa ny csa atma samyah jnancna branmacarycna ntyam
"ly consiani iiuillulncss, ausiciiiy, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, and ausiciiiy,
onc bccomcs cligiblc io associaic wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
-Munaha Lpansa 3.1.5
japycnava ca samsnya
branmana natra samsayan
hurya anyan na va huryan
matro branmana ucyatc
"Wlcilci lc pciloims oilci iiiuals and duiics oi noi, onc wlo pcilccily clanis
mantras gloiilying ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad slould bc considcicd a
pcilcci branmana, cligiblc io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Loid."
-Manu-samnta 2.S7
Associaiion wiil ilosc wlo undcisiand ilc iiuil also biings onc
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. ly ilis associaiion Naiada and many oilci spiiiiual
aspiianis aiiaincd inicicsi io asl aboui spiiiiual lilc and wcic linally cligiblc io scc
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad lacc-io-lacc. Sanai-lumaia and many oilci
gicai sagcs lavc also lclpcd many dcvoiccs by giving ilcii associaiion in ilis way.
Tlc gicai valuc ol coniaci wiil a scll-icalizcd soul is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing
siaicmcni ol Pnagava-gita (+.3+):
ta vn pranpatcna
parprasncna scvaya
upachsyant tc jnanam
jnannas tattva-arsnan
"Jusi iiy io lcain ilc iiuil by appioacling a spiiiiual masici. Inquiic liom lim
submissivcly and icndci scivicc unio lim. Tlc scll-icalizcd soul can impaii
lnowlcdgc unio you bccausc lc las sccn ilc iiuil."
Tlc maiciial bcncliis obiaincd by lollowing ilc pious iiiuals ol ilc harma-
hana scciion ol ilc Vcas aic all icmpoiaiy in naiuic. Tlis laci is conliimcd by
ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Cnanogya Lpansa (S.1.3):
ta yatncna harma-cto Iohan hsyantc cvam cvamutra punya-cto Iohan hsiyatc
"ly pciloiming good woils (harma) onc is clcvaicd io ilc cclcsiial maiciial
woild alici dcail. Onc is noi ablc io siay ilcic loicvci, lowcvci, bui onc musi losc
ilai posiiion alici somc iimc and acccpi anoilci, lcss lavoiablc icsidcncc. In ilc
samc way, by amassing pious cicdiis (punya) onc may icsidc in ilc uppci plancis.
Siill, lc cannoi siay ilcic, bui musi cvcniually iclinquisl lis comloiiablc posiiion
ilcic, and acccpi a lcss lavoiablc icsidcncc somcwlcic clsc."
Tlc lollowing siaicmcni ol Munaha Lpansa (1.2.12) alliims ilai only
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc will lclp onc appioacl ilc Supicmc lialman:
parihsya Iohan harma-ctan branmano
nrvcam ayan nasty ahrtan hrtcna
ta-vjnanartnam sa gurum cvabngaccnct
samt-pann srotryam branma-nstnam
"Sccing ilai ilc cclcsiial maiciial plancis, wlicl onc may obiain by pious woil,
piovidc only icmpoiaiy bcncliis, a branmana, in oidci io undcisiand ilc iiuil ilc
ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, slould lumbly appioacl a bona-lidc
spiiiiual masici lcaincd in ilc sciipiuics and lull ol laiil in ilc Supicmc Loid."
In coniiasi io ilc icmpoiaiy maiciial bcncliis obiaincd in ilc cclcsiial maiciial
plancis, ilc Supicmc lialman is ilc icscivoii ol cicinal, limiilcss bliss. Tlis is
conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaimcnis ol 1attriya Lpansa (2.1.1):
satyam jnanam anantam branma
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is limiilcss, cicinal, and lull ol
lnowlcdgc."
anano branmct vyajanat
"Hc ilcn undcisiood ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol
iiansccndcnial bliss."
Tlc Supicmc lialman is cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc and cndowcd wiil all
iiansccndcnial qualiiics. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol
Svctasvatara Lpansa:
na tasya haryam haranam ca vyatc
na tat-samas cabnyanhas ca rsyatc
parasya sahtr vvnava sruyatc
sva-bnavhi jnana-baIa-hrya ca
"Hc docs noi posscss bodily loim lilc ilai ol an oidinaiy living cniiiy. Tlcic is
no dillcicncc bciwccn His body and His soul. Hc is absoluic. All lis scnscs aic
iiansccndcnial. Any onc ol His scnscs can pciloim ilc aciion ol any oilci scnsc.
Tlcicloic, no onc is gicaici ilan Him oi cqual io Him. His poicncics aic
muliilaiious, and ilus His dccds aic auiomaiically pciloimcd as a naiuial
scqucncc."
-6.S
sarvcnrya-gunabnasam
sarvcnrya-vvarjtam
asahtam sarva-bnrc cava
nrgunam guna-bnohtr ca
"Tlc Supcisoul is ilc oiiginal souicc ol all scnscs, yci Hc is wiiloui scnscs. Hc
is unaiiaclcd, alilougl Hc is ilc mainiainci ol all living bcings. Hc iiansccnds ilc
modcs ol naiuic, and ai ilc samc iimc Hc is ilc masici ol all modcs ol maiciial
naiuic."
-3.17
bnava-granyam anahnyam
bnavabnava-haram svam
haIa-sarga-haram cvam
yc vus tc janus tanum
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc cicaioi and dcsiioyci ol ilc cniiic
maiciial cosmic manilcsiaiion. Hc is supicmcly auspicious, and Hc docs noi
poscsscs a maiciial body, loi His body is spiiiiual in all icspccis. Hc may bc
icaclcd and undcisiood only by loving dcvoiional scivicc. Tlosc wlo ilus scivc
Him and undcisiand Him may bccomc licc liom laving io icpcaicdly acccpi
vaiious maiciial bodics loi coniinucd icsidcncc in ilc maiciial woild. Tlcy
bccomc libciaicd liom ilis woild, and obiain cicinal spiiiiual bodics wiil wlicl
io scivc Him."
-5.1+
Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad gianis cicinal iiansccndcnial bliss io
His dcvoiccs is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol GopaIa-tapani Lpansa
(1.5):
iam pila-silam yc iu yajanii dlias
icsam sullam sasvaiam nciaicsam
"Tlc sainily dcvoiccs wlo woislip ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad in ilc
spiiiiual woild aiiain cicinal iiansccndcnial bliss. Lxccpi loi ilcm no oilcis can
aiiain ilis cicinal bliss."
Tlis usclcssncss ol ilc icmpoiaiy bcncliis obiaincd by lollowing ilc maiciial
piciy ol ilc harma-hana scciion ol ilc Vcas will bc dcsciibcd in ilc iliid clapici
ol ilis Vcanta-sutra.
Tlis may bc summcd up by saying: Onc wlo las siudicd ilc Vcas, Lpavcas,
and Lpansas, undcisiood ilcm, associaicd wiil a scll-icalizcd soul, and in ilis
way undcisiood ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc icmpoiaiy and ilc cicinal, wlo las
losi all aiiiaciion loi ilc icmpoiaiy and closcn ilc cicinal, bccomcs a siudcni ol
ilc loui clapicis ol Vcanta-sutra.
Ii cannoi bc said ilai simply by complcicly siudying and undcisianding ilc
harma-hana scciion ol ilc Vcdas onc will naiuially ialc up ilc siudy ol Vcanta-
sutra. Tlcy wlo lavc siudicd harma-hana bui noi associaicd wiil sainily
dcvoiccs do noi bccomc cagci io undcisiand lialman. On ilc oilci land, ilcy
wlo lavc noi siudicd harma-hana, bui wlo lavc bccomc puiilicd by associaiion
wiil sainily dcvoiccs, naiuially bccomc aiiiacicd io undcisiand lialman.
Nciilci can ii bc said ilai simply by undcisianding ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc
icmpoiaiy and ilc cicinal, and simply by aiiaining ilc loui qualiiics ol sainily
pcisons, onc will bccomc aiiiacicd io undcisiand lialman. Tlcsc ilings aic noi
cnougl. Howcvci, il onc aiiains ilc associaiion ol a scll-icalizcd soul and lollows
lis insiiuciions, ilcn ilcsc oidinaiily dilliculi-io-aiiain qualilicaiions aic
auiomaiically aiiaincd ai oncc.
Tlicc linds ol pcisons inquiic inio ilc naiuic ol lialman: 1. Sa-nstna (ilcy
wlo laiillully pciloim ilcii duiics); 2. Parnstna (ilcy wlo aci plilaniiopically
loi ilc bcnclii ol all living cniiiics); and 3. Nrapch\sa (ilcy wlo aic iapi in
mcdiiaiion and alool liom ilc aciiviiics ol ilis woild). Accoiding io ilcii own
icspcciivc abiliiics all ilcsc pcisons undcisiand ilc naiuic ol lialman. Tlcy
bccomc moic and moic puiilicd, and ilcy cvcniually aiiain ilc associaiion ol
lialman.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi so ilai ilc
woids om and atna aic auspicious sounds ilai spiang liom Loid lialma's ilioai in
ancicni iimcs' Is ii noi also so ilai ilcsc woids aic iiadiiionally uscd ai ilc
bcginning ol bools io involc auspiciousncss and diivc away all obsiaclcs' Ioi
ilis icason I ilinl ilc woid atna in ilis sutra docs noi mcan "now". Ii is simply a
woid io involc auspiciousncss, and las no oilci mcaning.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlis is noi iiuc. Sila Vyasadcva, ilc auiloi ol
Vcanta-sutra, is ilc incainaiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll,
and ilcicloic Hc las no paiiiculai nccd io involc auspiciousncss oi diivc away
obsiaclcs and dangcis. Tlai Vyasadcva is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol ilc smrt-sastra:
hrsna-vapayana-vyasam
vn narayanam prabnum
"Plcasc undcisiand ilai Kisna Dvaipayana Vyasa is aciually ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Naiayana."
Siill, oidinaiy pcoplc may ialc ii ilai Loid Vyasadcva las spolcn ilc woid atna
ai ilc bcginning ol Vcanta-sutra jusi io involc auspiciousncss, jusi as onc may
sound a concl-slcll io involc auspiciousncss. In conclusion, wc lavc dcsciibcd
lcic low ai a cciiain poini in iimc, alici cciiain undcisiandings (atna), a pcison
may bccomc cagci io inquiic aboui ilc naiuic ol lialman.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion:Is ii noi so ilai ilc
woid bnuma oi branma may also iclci io ilc individual spiiii soul and noi only io
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad' Tlis laci is cxplaincd in Cnanogya
Lpansa. Lvcn ilc diciionaiy cxplains: "Tlc woid branma mcans ilai wlicl is
big, ilc branmana casic, ilc individual spiiii soul, and ilc dcmigod lialma wlo
siis on a gicai loius llowci."
To clcai away ilc misundcisianding ol ilis objccioi, ilc lollowing sciipiuial
passagcs may bc quoicd:
bnrgur va varunr varunam ptaram upasasara anin bno bnagavo branma. . . yato
va man bnutan jayantc ycna jatan jivant yat prayanty abnsamvsant ta branma
ta vjjnasasva
"lligu aslcd lis lailci Vaiuna: My loid, plcasc insiiuci mc aboui ilc naiuic
ol lialman.' Vaiuna icplicd: All living cniiiics lavc ialcn ilcii biiil bccausc ol
lialman. Tlcy icmain alivc bccausc ilcy aic mainiaincd by lialman, and ai ilc
iimc ol dcail ilcy again cnici inio lialman. Plcasc iiy io undcisiand ilc naiuic ol
lialman.'"
Ai ilis poini somconc may doubi: "In ilis Vcanta-sutra docs ilc woid
lialman' iclci io ilc individual spiiii soul oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad'"
Somconc may indccd claim ilai ilc woid "lialman" lcic iclcis io ilc
individual spiiii soul, and io suppoii lis vicw lc may quoic ilc lollowing
siaicmcni ol 1attriya Lpansa (2.5):
vjnanam branma cc vca
tasmac ccn na pramayat
sarirc papmano ntva
sarvan haman samasnutc
"Il onc undcisiands ilc iiuc naiuic ol ilc lialman wlo livcs in ilc body and
uscs ilc scnscs ol ilc body io pciccivc ilc maiciial woild, ilcn sucl a lnowci ol
lialman will ncvci bccomc bcwildcicd by illusion. Sucl a lnowci ol ilc lialman
in ilc body icliains liom pciloiming sinlul aciions, and ai ilc iimc ol lcaving ilc
body ai dcail, lc aiiains an cxalicd dcsiinaiion wlcic all lis dcsiics bccomc ai
oncc lullillcd."
Oui plilosoplical opponcni may claim in ilis way ilai ilc woid "lialman"
slould bc inicipicicd io mcan ilc individual spiiii soul. In oidci io icluic ilis
lalsc idca, Sila Vyasadcva dcsciibcs ilc iiuc naiuic ol lialman in ilc ncxi sutra.
Adhikarana 2
The Origin of Everyfhing
Sufra 2
janmay asya yatan
janma-brtn, a-bcgnnng vtn, asya-oj tnat, yatan-jrom vnom.
lialman is Hc liom wlom cvciyiling cmanaics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid janma is a ta-guna-samvjnana-banuvrin-samasa, and ii slould
inicipicicd io mcan "cicaiion, mainicnancc, and dcsiiuciion." Tlc woid asya
mcans "ol ilis maiciial univcisc wiil louiiccn planciaiy sysicms, wlicl is
inlabiiaicd by vaiious cicaiuics liom ilc dcmigod lialma down io ilc lowcsi
unmoving bladc ol giass, wlo all cnjoy and sullci ilc icsulis ol ilcii vaiious
liuiiivc aciions (harma), and wlo cannoi undcisiand ilc asionisling siiuciuic ol
ilc univcisc wlcic ilcy livc." Tlc woid yatan mcans "liom wlom", and ii iclcis
io ilc Supicmc lialman wlo manilcsicd ilc univcisc liom His inconccivablc
poicncy. Tlis is ilc lialman aboui wlom onc slould inquiic.
Tlc woids bnuma and atma boil mcan "all pcivading". Tlcsc woids iclci
piimaiily io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis will bc claboiaicly
cxplaincd in ilc Pnumanharana (1.3.7) and Vahyanvayanharana (1.+.19). Tlc
woid "lialman" in paiiiculai mcans "Hc wlo posscsscs boundlcss cxalicd
qualiiiics." lialman, ilcn, iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilis
is clcaily conliimcd in ilc lollowing woids ol srut-sastra:

atna hasma ucyatc branmct brnanto by asmn gunan
"Iiom wlom las ilis univcisc bccomc manilcsi' Iiom lialman, wlo
posscsscs an abundancc ol cxalicd iiansccndcnial qualiiics."
lialman piimaiily iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and only
sccondaiily io ilc individual spiiii souls, wlo manilcsi in small dcgicc ilc
spiiiiual qualiiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid. In ilis way ilc individual spiiii souls may
bc callcd lialman, jusi as ilc ioyal iiilc may bc givcn noi only io ilc ling, bui
also io lis associaics and suboidinaics. Tlcicloic, ilc individual spiiii souls, wlo
aic all sullciing ilc ilicc-lold misciics ol maiciial lilc, slould, in oidci io aiiain
uliimaic libciaiion, inquiic aboui ilc Supicmc lialman, wlo is vciy mcicilul
iowaids wlosc wlo ialc slclici ol Him. Ioi ilcsc icasons ii slould bc undcisiood
ilai ilc Supicmc lialman, ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc objcci ol inquiiy in
ilis Vcanta-sutra. Tlis is noi an imaginaiy dcsciipiion ol lialman's qualiiics.
Tlis is ilc iiuil aboui lialman.
Tlc woid jjnasa mcans "ilc dcsiic io lnow." Knowlcdgc is ol iwo linds: 1.
Parohsa (lnowlcdgc gailcicd liom souiccs oilci ilan ilc scnscs c.g. logic,
lnowlcdgc obiaincd liom auiloiiiy, cic.) and 2. Aparohsa (lnowlcdgc gailcicd by
ilc scnscs). An cxamplc ol ilcsc iwo linds ol lnowlcdgc may bc sccn in ilc
lollowing quoiaiion liom ilc srut-sastra:
vjnaya prajnam hurvita
"Alici lcaining aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad onc slould bccomc
ablc io diiccily scc Him in ilc iiancc ol mcdiiaiion."
Parohsa lnowlcdgc lclps biing us closci io ilc Supicmc lialman, and
aparohsa lnowlcdgc manilcsis ilc Supicmc Loid bcloic us.
Il onc undcisiands lis ical idcniiiy as spiiii soul, ilai is cciiainly vciy lclplul
in undcisianding lialman, bui ilai docs noi mcan ilai ilc individual soul is ilc
samc as lialman. Tlc individual spiiii soul is always dillcicni liom lialman, and
cvcn alici libciaiion Hc icmains cicinally dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc lialman.
Tlc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc individual soul and lialman is dcsciibcd in sutras
1.1.16, 1.1.17, 1.3.5, 1.3.21, and 1.3.+1.
Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuic givcs ilc lollowing guidclincs loi ilc inicipiciaiion ol
obscuic passagcs:
upahramopasamnarav
abnyaso purvata-pnaIam
artna-vaopapatti ca
Ingam tatparya-nrnayc

"Tlc upahrama (bcginning), upasamnara (cnding), abnyasa (wlai is icpcaicd
again and again), apurvata (wlai is uniquc and novcl), pnaIam (ilc gcncial
puiposc ol ilc bool), artna-vaa (ilc auiloi's siaicmcni ol lis own inicniion),
and upapatt (appiopiiaicncss) aic ilc laciois io considci in inicipiciaiion ol
obscuic passagcs."
Il wc apply ilcsc ciiiciia io ilc srut-sastra, wc will clcaily scc ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc individual spiiii soul aic dcsciibcd lcic as iwo
disiinci cniiiics.
Lci us analyzc ilc lollowing passagc liom Svctasvatara Lpansa (+.6-7) in ilc
ligli ol ilcsc six ciiiciia.
va suparna sayuja sahnaya
samanam vrhsam parsasvajatc
tayor anyan pppaIam svav atty
anasnann anyo bncahasit
"Tlc individual spiiii-soul and ilc Supcisoul, Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, aic lilc
iwo liicndly biids siiiing on ilc samc iicc. Onc ol ilc biids (ilc individual aiomic
soul) is caiing ilc liuii ol ilc iicc (ilc scnsc-giaiilicaiion alloidcd io ilc maiciial
body), and ilc oilci biid (ilc Supcisoul) is noi iiying io cai ilcsc liuiis, bui is
simply waicling His liicnd.
samanc vrhsc puruso nmagno
nisaya socat munyamanan
justam yaa pasyat anyam isam
asya manmanam t vita-sohan
"Alilougl ilc iwo biids aic on ilc samc iicc, ilc caiing biid is lully cngiosscd
wiil anxiciy and moioscncss as ilc cnjoyci ol ilc liuiis ol ilc iicc. lui il in somc
way oi oilci lc iuins lis lacc io lis liicnd wlo is ilc Loid and lnows His gloiics,
ai oncc ilc sullciing biid bccomcs licc liom all anxiciics."
In ilis passagc ilc upahrama (bcginning) is va suparna (iwo biids); ilc
upasamnara (cnding) is anyam isam (ilc oilci pcison, wlo is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad); ilc abnyasa (icpcaicd lcaiuic) is ilc woid anya (ilc
oilci pcison), as in ilc pliascs tayor anyo snan (ilc oilci pcison docs noi cai)
and anyam isam ( Hc sccs ilc oilci pcison, wlo is ilc Supicmc Loid); ilc
apurvata (uniquc lcaiuic) is ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc Supicmc Loid and ilc
individual spiiii soul, wlicl could ncvci lavc bccn undcisiood wiiloui ilc
icvclaiion ol ilc Vcdic sciipiuic; ilc pnaIam (gcncial puiposc ol ilc passagc) is
vita-sohan (ilc individual spiiii soul bccomcs licc liom sullciing by sccing ilc
Loid); tnc artna-vaa (ilc auiloi's siaicmcni ol lis own inicniion) is manmanam
ct (onc wlo undcisiands ilc Supcmc Loid bccomcs gloiious) and ilc upapatt
(appiopiiaicncss) is anyo nasan (ilc oilci pcison, ilc Supicmc Loid, docs noi cai
ilc liuiis ol maiciial lappincss and disiicss).
ly analyzing ilis passagc and oilci passagcs liom Vcdic liiciaiuics, onc may
clcaily undcisiand ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
and ilc individual spiiii soul.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion:
Is ii noi iiuc ilai wlcn a sciipiuic icaclcs somciling ilai lad noi bccn lnown io
iis icadcis, ilcn ii is usclul, and il wlcn a sciipiuic simply icpcais wlai iis icadcis
alicady lnow, ii simply wasics iimc usclcssly' Pcoplc in gcncial ilinl ilcy aic
dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc lialman, and ilcicloic il ilc sciipiuic wcic io icacl
ilcm somciling ncw ii would lavc io bc ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
and ilc indivdual spiiii souls aic complcicly idcniical. Ioi ilis icason ii slould bc
undcisiood ilai ilc individual spiiii souls aic idcniical wiil lialman.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlis vicw is noi suppoiicd by ilc woids ol ilc Vcdic
sciipiuics. Ioi cxamplc ilc Svctasvatara
Lpansa (1.6) siaics:
prtnag-atmanam prcrtam ca matva
justas tatas tcnamrtatvam ct
"Wlcn onc undcisiands ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc
individual spiiii souls aic cicinally disiinci cniiiics, ilcn lc may bccomc qualilicd
loi libciaiion, and livc cicinally in ilc spiiiiual woild."
Tlc impcisonalisi conccpiion ol ilc idcniiiy ol ilc individual and ilc Supicmc
is a picposicious planiasmagoiia, lilc ilc loin ol a iabbii. Ii las no iclcicncc io
icaliiy, and ii is complcicly icjccicd by ilc pcoplc in gcncial. Tlcy do noi acccpi
ii. Tlosc lcw icxis ol ilc Lpansas ilai appaicnily icacl ilc impcisonalisi
dociiinc, aic inicipicicd in a pcisonalisi way by ilc auiloi, Vyasadcva limscll.
Tlis will bc dcsciibcd laici on in Suiia 1.1.30.
Adhikarana 3
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead May be Undersfood by fhe ReveIafion of
fhe Vedic Scripfures
1. Vsaya (Siaicmcni): Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc cicaioi,
mainiainci and dcsiioyci ol ilc maiciial univciscs. lccausc Hc is inconccivablc io
ilc iiny biains ol ilc condiiioncd souls Hc musi bc undcisiood by ilc icvclaiion
ol Vcanta plilosoply. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol ilc
Lpansas:
sac-c-anana-rupaya
hrsnayahIsta-harnc
namo vcanta-vcyaya
guravc bun-sahsnc
Om namal. I ollci my icspccilul obcisanccs io Si Kisna, wlosc loim is cicinal
and lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss, wlo is ilc icscuci liom disiicss, wlo is
undcisiood by Vcdania, wlo is ilc supicmc spiiiiual masici, and wlo is ilc
wiincss in cvciyonc's lcaii.
-GopaIa-tapani Lpansa
tam tv aupansaam purusam prccnam
"I slall now inquiic aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is
icvcalcd in ilc Lpansas."
-Prna-aranyaha Lpansa 3.9.26
2. Samsaya (doubi): Wlai is ilc bcsi mcilod loi undcisianding supicmcly
woislipablc Loid Haii: ilc mcnial spcculaiion ol ilc logicians, oi ilc icvclaiion ol
ilc Vcanta sciipiuics'
3. Purvapahsa (ilc aigumcni ol ilc plilosoplical opposiiion): Tlc sagc
Gauiama (Prna-aranyaha Lpansa +.5) and oilcis mainiain ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can bc undcisiood by ilc spcculaiions ol ilc logicians.
+. Snanta (ilc conclusion): In ilc Vcanta-sutra, Sila Vyasadcva cxplains
ilai sciipiuial icvclaiion is ilc ical way io undcisiand ilc Supicmc lialman. Hc
says:
Sufra 3
sastra-yontvat
sastra-tnc scrpturcs, yontvat-bccausc oj bcng tnc orgn oj hnovIcgc.
(Tlc spcculaiions ol ilc logicians aic unablc io icacl us aboui Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) bccausc Hc may only bc lnown by ilc icvclaiion ol ilc
Vcdic sciipiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis sutra ilc woid "noi" slould bc undcisiood, cvcn ilougl ii is noi
cxpicsscd. Tlcy wlo aspiic alici libciaiion aic noi ablc io undcisiand ilc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad simply by logic and spcculaiion. Wly' lccausc Hc is
lnown only by ilc icvclaiion ol ilc Vcdic sciipiuics. Among ilc Vcdic sciipiuics,
ilc Lpansas cspccially dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcison. Ioi ilis icason ii is said
aupansaam purusam (ilc Supicmc Pcison is undciiood iliougl ilc icvclaiion ol
ilc Lpansas). Tlc pioccss ol logic and spcculaiion as dcsciibcd by ilc woid
mantavya (io bc undcisiood by logic) as dcsciibcd in Prna-aranyaha Lpansa
(+.5) slould bc cmploycd io undcisiand ilc icvclaiion ol ilc sciipiuics and noi
indcpcndcnily. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol srut-sastra:
purvapara-vroncna
ho rtno trabnmato bnavct
ty ayam unanam tarhan
susha-tarham vvarjayct
"Logic is piopcily cmploycd io icsovc appaicni coniiadiciions in ilc icxis ol
ilc Vcas. Diy logic, wiiloui iclcicncc io sciipiuial icvclaiion, slould bc
abandoncd."
Ioi ilis icason ilc diy logic ol Gauiama and oilcis slould bc icjccicd. Tlis is
also conliicd in sutra 2.1.11. Alici undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcison by siudy ol
ilc Lpansas, onc slould bccomc iapi in mcdiiaiion on Him. Tlis will bc
cxplaincd laici insutra 2.1.27.
Tlc Supicmc Loid, Haii, is idcniical wiil His own iiansccndcnial loim. Hc and
His loim aic noi iwo scpaiaic idcniiiics. Hc is ilc wiincss ol all living cniiiics, Hc
is ilc icsiing placc ol a losi ol iiansccndcnial qualiiiiics, Hc is ilc cicaioi ol ilc
maiciial univciscs, and Hc icmains unclangcd cicinally. ly lcaiing aboui His
iiansccndcnial gloiics, onc may woislip Him pcilccily.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion:
Tlc Vcanta plilosoply docs noi givc ciilci posiiivc oidcis oi ncgaiivc
piolibiiions, bui simply dcsciipiions, as ilc scnicncc "On ilc caiil ilcic aic
scvcn coniincnis." Mcn nccd insiiuciion in low io aci. Tlcicloic, wlai is nccdcd
is a sciics ol oidcis io guidc mcn. Mcn nccd oidcis, sucl as ilc oidinaiy oidcis.
"A man dcsiiing wcalil slould appioacl ilc ling," oi "Onc sullciing liom
indigcsiion slould icsiiici lis inialc ol waici," oi ilc oidcis ol ilc Vcas: svarga-
hamo yajcta (Onc dcsiiing io cnici ilc cclcsiial maiciial plancis slould woislip
ilc dcmigods), oi suram na pbct (No onc slould diinl winc). Tlc Lpansas do
noi givc us a siiing ol oidcis and piolibiiions, bui mcicly a dcsciipiion ol ilc
cicinally pcilcci lialman. loi cxamplc ilc Lpansas icll us satyam jnanam (Tlc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is iiuil and lnowlcdgc). Tlis is ol small lclp in
ilc maiici ol oidcis and piolibiiions. Somciimcs ilc Lpansas dcsciipiions may
bc a liiilc usclul, as loi cxamplc wlcn ilcy dcsciibc a cciiain dcmigod, ilc
dcsciipiion may bc usclul wlcn onc pciloims a saciilicc io ilai dcmigod, bui
oilciwisc ilcsc dcsciipiions alloid us liiilc piaciical bcncilii, and aic moic oi lcss
usclcss. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol Jaimini Muni.
amnayasya hryartnatva anartnahnyam ata-artnanam
"Tlc sciipiuics icacl us pious duiics. Any sciipiuial passagc ilai docs noi
icacl us oui duiy is a scnsclcss wasic ol oui iimc."
-Purva-mimamsa 1.2.1
ta-bnutanam hryartncna samamnayo rtnasya tan-nmttatvat
"Jusi as a vcib givcs mcaning io a scnicncc, in ilc samc way insiiuciions loi aciion
givc mcaning io ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc sciipiuics."
-Purva-mimamsa 1.1.25
To ilis objcciion I icply: Do noi bc bcwildcicd. Lvcn ilougl ilc Lpansas do
noi givc us a sciics ol oidcis and piolibiiions, siill ilcy icacl us aboui ilc
Supicmc lialman, ilc mosi impoiiani and valuablc objcci io bc aiiaincd by any
living cniiiiy. Jusi as il in youi lousc ilcic wcic liddcn iicasuic, and a dcsciipiion
ol iis locaiion wcic spolcn io you, ilosc woids would noi bc usclcss simply
bccausc ilcy wcic a dcsciipiion. In ilc samc way ilc Lpansas dcsciipiion ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is ilc gicaicsi iicasuic io bc aiiaincd by any
living bcing, wlosc loim is cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc and lull ol bliss, wlo is
pcilcci and bcyond any ciiiicism, wlo is ilc liicnd ol all living cniiiics, ilc
Supicmc Loid wlo is so lind ilai Hc givcs Himscll io His dcvoiccs, and ilc
supicmc wlolc ol all cxisiancc, ol wlom I am a iiny paii, is noi usclcss, bui ol
gicai valuc io ilc condiiioncd soul. Tlc dcsciipiions ol ilc Supicmc lialman in
ilc Upanisads aic valuablc, jusi as ilc dcsciipiion "youi son is now boin" is usclul
and a souicc ol gicai joy, and ilc dcciipiion "Tlis is noi a snalc, bui only a iopc
paiily sccn in ilc dailncss," is also usclul and a gicai iclicl liom lcai.
Tlc spccilic bcnclii aiiaincd by undcisianding ilc Supicmc lialman aic
dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol 1attriya Lpansa (2.1):
satyam jnanam anantam branma yo vca nntam gunayam so snutc sarvan haman
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is limiilcss. Hc is iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, and Hc is ilc cicinal iiansccndcnial icaliiy. Hc is picscni in cvciyonc's
lcaii. Onc wlo piopcily undcisiands Him bccomcs blcsscd and all lis dcsiics aic
complcicly lullillcd."
No onc can say ilai ilc Lpansas icacl aboui oidinaiy liuiiivc aciion (harma).
Railci, onc may say ilai ilc Lpansas icacl onc io givc up all maiciial, liuiiivc
woil. No onc can say ilai ilc Lpansas dcsciibc anyiling oilci ilan ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is ilc oiiginal cicaioi, mainiainci, and dcsiioyci ol
all ilc univciscs, wlosc spiiiiual loim is cicinal, wlo is a gicai occan ol unlimiicd
auspicious iiansccndcnial qualiiiiics, and wlo is ilc icsiing-placc ol ilc goddcss
ol loiiunc. Jaimini's dcsciipiion ol ilc impoiiancc ol harma, ilcicloic, las no
bcaiing on ilc Lpansas.
In laci Jaimini was a laiillul dcvoicc ol ilc Loid, and lis appaicni ciiiicisms (in
ilc iwo quoiaiions picscnicd abovc) ol ilc Vcdic icxis ilai do noi cncouiagc
liuiiivc woil (harma) wiil sullicicni cnilusiasm, aic lis lini io us ilai ilcic is
moic ilai pious liuiiivc woil in ilc insiiuciions ol ilc Vcas. In ilis way ii may
bc undcisiood ilai ilc Supicmc lialman is ilc subjcci-maiici dcsciibcd in ilc
Vcdic sciipiuics.
Adhikarana +
This is Confirmed by fhe Vedic scripfures
1. Vsaya (siaicmcni): Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is dcsciibcd in
all Vcdic sciipiuics is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing sciipiuial quoiaiions:
yo su sarvar vcar giyatc
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is gloiilicd by all ilc Vcas."
-GopaIa-tapani Lpansa
sarvc vca yat-paam amanant
"All ilc Vcas dcsciibc ilc loius lcci ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
-Katna Lpansa 1.2.15
2. Samsaya (doubi): Loid Visnu is ilc subjcci-maiici dcsciibcd in all ilc Vcas.
Is ilis siaicmcni iiuc oi lalsc'
3. Purvapahsa (ilc aigumcni ol oui plilosoplical opponcni): Ii is noi iiuc ilai
ilc Vcas icacl only aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Aciually ilc
Vcas mainly dcsciibc vaiious liuiiivc harma-hana saciiliccs, sucl as ilc harr-
yajna loi biinging iain, ilc putra-hamycst-yajna loi gaining a son, and ilc
jyotstoma-yajna loi iiavcling io ilc cclcsiial maiciial plancis (Svaigalola). Ioi ilis
icason ii is noi possiblc io say ilai Loid Visnu is ilc only iopic discusscd in ilc
Vcas.
+. Snanta (ilc piopci conclusion): Vyasadcva icplics io ilc objcciions in ilc
lollowing sutra:
Sufra +
tat tu samanvayat
tat-tns jact, tu-but, samanvayat-bccausc oj tnc agrccmcnt oj aII tnc Vcc
scrpturcs.
lui ilai (Loid Visnu is ilc solc iopic ol discussion in ilc Vcdas) is conliimcd
by all sciipiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid tu (bui) in ilis sutra is uscd io icbui ilc picviously siaicd opposing
aigumcni. Ii is piopci io say ilai Loid Visnu is ilc solc iopic ol discussion in all
ilc Vcas. Wly' Tlc answci is: samanvayat (bccausc ilc sciipiuics ilcmsclvcs
biing us io ilis conclusion). Tlc woid anvaya mcans "undcisianding ilc aciual
mcaning," and ilc woid samanvaya mcans "pcilcci undcisianding alici caiclul
dclibciaiion". Wlcn wc apply ilc abovc-mcniioncd iulcs ol inicipiciaiion
(bcginning wiil upahrama and upasamnara) io ilc icxis ol ilc Vcas, wc will comc
io ilc conclusion ilai Loid Visnu is ilc solc iopic ol discussion in all ilc Vcas. Il
ii wcic noi so, ilcn wly slould ilc GopaIa-tapani Lpansa siaic ilai Loid Visnu
is gloiilicd by all ilc Vcas' Tlis is also conliimcd by ilc loius-cycd Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll, wlo says:
vcas ca sarvar anam cva vcyo vcanta-hr vca-v cva canam
"ly all ilc Vcas I am io bc lnown. Indccd, I am ilc compilci ol ilc Vcanta,
and I am ilc lnowci ol ilc Vcas."
-Pnagava-gita 15.15
hm vnattc hm acastc
hm anuya vhaIpayct
ty asya hrayam Iohc
nanyo ma vca hascana
mam vnattc bnnattc mam
vhaIpyaponyatc ny anam
"Wlai is ilc diicciion ol all Vcdic liiciaiuics' On wlom do ilcy sci locus'
Wlo is ilc puiposc ol all spcculaiion' Ouisidc ol Mc no onc lnows ilcsc ilings.
Now you slould lnow ilai all ilcsc aciiviiics aic aimcd ai oidaining and sciiing
loiil Mc. Tlc puiposc ol Vcdic liiciaiuic is io lnow Mc by dillcicni spcculaiions,
ciilci by indiicci undcisianding oi by diciionaiy undcisianding. Lvciyonc is
spcculaiing aboui Mc."
-Srima-Pnagavatam (11.21.+2-+3)
Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuics also siaic:
sahsat-paramparabnyam vca branman pravartatc
"Liilci diiccily oi indiiccily, ilc Vcas dcsciibc lialman."
In ilc jnana-hana scciion ol ilc Vcas;.jn 1) tnc transccncntaI jorms an
quaIttcs oj tnc Suprcmc PcrsonaIty oj Gonca arc rcctIy cscrbc, an n tnc
harma-hana scciion ol ilc Vcas ilc Loid is indiiccily dcsciibcd in ilc
discussion ol liuiiivc aciion and vaiious divisions ol maiciial lnowlcdgc
Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc solc iopic ol discussion in ilc
Vcas is also conliimcd by ilc lollowing sciipiuial passagcs:
tam tv aupansaam purusam prccnam
"I slall now asl aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is dcsciibcd
in ilc Lpansas."
-Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (9.21)
tam ctam vcanuvacancna branmana vvsant
"Pranmanas siudy ilc Vcas io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
-Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (+.+.22)
As loi ilc vaiious liuiiivc icsulis, sucl as ilc aiiainmcni ol iain, a son, oi
icsidcncc in ilc cclcsiial maiciial plancis, ilai aic ollcicd io ilc lollwcis ol ilc
harma-hana iiiuals in ilc Vcas, ilcsc bcncilis aic ollcicd io aiiiaci ilc minds ol
oidinaiy mcn. Wlcn oidinaiy mcn scc ilai ilcsc maiciial bcncliis aic aciually
aiiaincd by pciloiming Vcdic iiiuals, ilcy bccomc aiiiacicd io siudy ilc Vcas. ly
siudying ilc Vcas ilcy bccomc ablc io disciiminaic bciwccn wlai is icmpoiaiy
and wlai is cicinal. In ilis way ilcy giadually bccomc avcisc io ilc icmpoiaiy
ilings ol ilis woild and ilcy comc io lanlci alici lialman. In ilis way ii may bc
undcisiood ilai all ilc paiis ol ilc Vcas dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad.
Vcdic iiiuals biing maiciial bcncliis as a icsuli only wlcn ilc pciloimci ol ilc
iiiual is lillcd wiil maiciial dcsiic. Il ilc pciloimci is maiciially dcsiiclcss, ilcn lc
docs noi gain a maiciial icsuli, bui iailci ilc icsuli lc obiains is puiilicaiion ol
ilc lcaii and ilc manilcsiaiion ol spiiiiual lnowlcdgc. Tlcicloic, ilc mcaning ol
ilc picviously quoicd icxi liom Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (+.+.22) is ilai ilc
dcmigods aic considcicd io bc ilc vaiious limbs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, and by woisliping ilcm, onc aciually woislips ilc Supicmc Loid, and
ilc icsuli ol sucl woislip is ilai onc giadually bccomc puic in lcaii and awalc
wiil spiiiiual lnowlcdgc.
Adhikarana 5
Brahman Is KnowabIe
1. Vsaya (siaicmcni): Now, by ilc usc ol logic and sciipiuial quoiaiion, wc
slall icluic ilc misconccpiion ilai lialman cannoi bc dcsciibcd. Onc may aiguc,
lowcvci, ilai many sciipiuial passagcs suppoii ilc ilcoiy ilai lialman cannoi bc
dcsciibcd by woids. Ioi cxamplc:
yato vaco nvartatc
aprapya manasa sana
"Tlc mind cannoi undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and woids
cannoi dcsciibc Him."
-1attriya Lpansa 2.+.1
ya vacanabnyutam ycna vag abnyuyatc ta cva
branma ta vn ncam ya am upasatc
"No onc las ilc powci io dcsciibc lialman wiil woids, cvcn ilougl
cvciyonc's spcccl occuis by ilc powci gianicd by lialman. Know ilai ilis
lialman is noi maiciial. Woislip ilis lialman."
-Kcna Lpansa (1.5)
2. Samsaya (doubi): Is lialman cxpicssablc by woids oi noi'
3. Purvapahsa (ilc opponcnci aigucs): Tlc srut-sastra siaics ilai lialman
cannoi bc dcsciibcd by woids. Il ilis wcic noi so, ii would noi bc said ilai ilc
Supicmc lialman is scll-manilcsicd. Tlai lialman cannoi bc dcsciibcd wiil
woids is also cxplaincd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol {Srima-Pnagavatam
(3.6.+0):
yato prapya nyavartanta
vacas ca manasa sana
anam canya mc cvas
tasma bnagavatc naman
"Woids, mind and cgo, wiil ilcii icspcciivc coniiolling dcmigods, lavc lailcd
io aclicvc succcss in lnowing ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcicloic, wc
simply lavc io ollci oui icspccilul obcisanccs unio Him as a maiici ol saniiy."
+. Sila Vyasadcva icluics ilcsc aigumcnis in ilc lollowing sutra:
Sufra 5
ihsatcr nasabam
ihsatcn-bccausc t s sccn, na-not, asabam-ncscrbabIc by vors.
lccausc ii is sccn (ilai lialman is vividly dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic sciipiuics, ii
slould bc undcisiood ilai lialman) is noi indcsciibablc by woids.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid asabam mcans "ilai wlicl cannoi bc dcsciibcd by woids." In
ilis sutra lialman is dcsciibcd as noi (na) indcsciibablc by woids (asabam).
Wly is ilis so' lccausc ihsatcn (bccausc ii is sccn ilai lialman is dcsciibcd in
ilc passagcs ol ilc sciipiuics).
Ioi cxamplc, Prna-aranyaha Lpansa siaics:
tam tv aupansaam purusam prccnam
"I slall now asl aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is dcsciibcd
in ilc Lpansas."
Wc may noic in ilis conncciion ilai ilc woid aupansaa mcans "ilai gloiious
pcison wlo is dcsciibcd in ilc Lpansas."
Wc may also noic ilai ilc woid ihsatcn is bnava (passivc), and ii is loimcd by
adding ilc allix tp-pratyaya. Tlc unusual usagc lcic is arsa (a cciiain dcgicc ol
giammaiical libciiy allowcd io an cxalicd auiloi).
Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad may bc dcsciibcd in woids is also
conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Katna Lpansa (2.15):
sarvc vca yat-paam amanant
"All ilc Vcas dcsciibc ilc lcci ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Wlcn ii is said ilai lialman cannoi bc dcsciibcd in woids, ilc inicniion is
ilai Hc cannoi bc complcicly dcsciibcd in woids. In ilc samc way ii is somciimcs
said ilai no onc can scc Mouni Mciu bccausc no onc can scc ilc cniiic mouniain,
bui only small paiis ol ii ai any onc iimc. Wiiloui acccpiing ilis undcisianding,
ilai lialman is noi complcicly cxpicssiblc by woids oi undcisiandablc by ilc
mind, wc would noi piopcily undcisiand ilc mcaning ol ilc sciiipuial siaicmcnis
yato vaco nvartatc (woids cannoi dcsciibc lialman), aprapya manasa sana (ilc
mind cannoi undcisiand lialman), and ya vacanabnyutam (No onc las ilc
powci io dcsciibc lialman wiil woids). Tlcsc siaicmcnis cxplain ilai lialman
cannoi bc complcicly dcsciibcd in woids.
Tlai lialman can io somc cxicni bc dcsciibcd wiil woids docs noi coniiadici
ilc laci ilai lialman icvcals Himscll by His own wisl. Tlc Vcas aic aciually ilc
incainaiion ol lialman, and ilcicloic lialman may icvcal Himscll in ilc woids
ol ilc Vcas.
2. Samsaya (doubi): Tlis may bc so, bui siill ilc Supimc Pcison dcsciibcd in
ilc woids ol ilc Vcas may bc saguna (a manilcsiaiion ol ilc Loid accoiding io
ilc modcs ol maiciial naiuic), and noi ilc pcilcci, complcic and puic oiiginal
lialman wlo icmains indcsciibablc by woids.
Il ilis doubi wcic io aiisc, Sila Vyasadcva would answci ii in ilc lollowing
sutra.
Sufra 6
gaunas ccn natma-sabat
gaunan-Saguna Pranman, or tnc Lors potcnccs, cct-j, na-not, atma-atma,
sabat-bccausc oj tnc vor.
Il (onc says ilai ilc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdas is) Saguna lialman (a
manilcsiaiion ol ilc modcs ol maiciial naiuic, and noi ilc oiiginal Supicmc Loid
Himscll), Tlcn I say ilis cannoi bc iiuc, bccausc lialman is dcsciibcd in ilc
Vcdas as "Aima" (ilc Supicmc Scll).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcas is noi mcicly a saguna manilcsiaiion ol ilc
modc ol Goodncss. Wly' lccausc ilc Vcas usc ilc woid atma (ilc Supicmc Scll)
io dcsciibc Him. Ioi cxamplc:
atmavcam agra asit purusa-vnan
"Tlc Supicmc Scll (atma), wlo is a iiansccndcnial pcison, cxisicd bcloic ilis
maiciial woild was manilcsicd in ilc bcginning."
-Vajasancya-samnta
atma va am cha cvagra asit nanyat hncana
msat sa ihsata Iohan nu srja
"lcloic ilc maiciial woild was manilcsi, ilc Supicmc Scll (atma) alonc cxisicd.
Noiling clsc was manilcsicd ai ilai iimc. Tlc Supicmc Scll ilcn ilougli, Lci mc
cicaic ilc maiciial plancis.'"
-Atarcya Aranyaha
loil ilcsc icxis clcaily iclci io ilc Supicmc Scll (atma) wlo cxisicd bcloic ilc
cicaiion ol ilc maiciial woild. Also, In ilc commcniaiy on sutra 1.1.2, I lavc
alicady cxplaincd ilai ilc woid atma piimaiily iclcis io ilc pcilcci Supicmc
lialman, and noi io anyonc oi anyiling clsc. Ioi ilis icason ilc woid atma uscd
in ilc sciipiuics slould bc undcisiood io iclci io ilc iiansccndcnial Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and noi io any maiciial manilcsiaiion ol ilc modc ol
goodncss. Tlc iiansccndcnial Supicmc Pcison is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing
siaicmcnis ol Vcdic liiciaiuic:

vaant tat tattva-vas
tattvam yaj jnanam avayam
branmct paramatmct
bnagavan t sabyatc
"Lcaincd iiansccndcnialisi wlo lnow ilc Absoluic Tiuil call ilis non-dual
subsiancc lialman, Paiamaima oi llagavan."
'Srima-Pnagavatam 1.2.11
sunc mana-vbnutahnyc
parc branman sabyatc
matrcya bnagavac-cnaban
sarva-harana-haranc
"O Maiiicya, ilc woid llagavan iclcis io ilc Supicmc lialman, wlo is lull ol
all powcis and opulcnccs, ilc oiiginal causc ol all causcs, and ilc supicmc
iiansccndcncc, puic and always uniouclcd by maiici."
-Vsnu Purana
In ilis way ilc supicmcly pcilcci and puic lialman is dcsciibcd by ilc
siaicmcnis ol ilc smrt-sastras. Il ii wcic noi possiblc io dcsciibc Him wiil woids,
ilcn ilc sciipiuics would noi lavc bccn ablc io dcsciibc Him in ilc abovc
quoiaiions.
Sufra 7
tan nstnasya moh\sopacsat
tat-tnat, nstnasya-oj tnc jatnjuI cvotcc, moh\sa-oj tnc Ibcraton, upacsat-
bccausc oj tnc nstructons.
(Tlc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics is ilc iiansccndcnial Supicmc Loid,
and noi a icmpoiaiy manilcsiaiion ol ilc modc ol goodncss, bccausc ilc
sciipiuics) icacl us ilai ilcy wlo bccomc His dcvoiccs aiiain libciaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "noi" is undcisiood in ilis sutra and ilc lollowing ilicc sutras as
wcll. Tlc libciaiion ol ilosc dcvoicd io lialman is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing
siaicmcni ol 1attriya Lpansa (2.7):
asa va am agra asit tato va sa ajayata ta atmanam svayam ahuruta. . . yaa
ny cvasa ctasmnn arsyc anatmyc anruhtc nIayanc abnayam pratstnam vnatc
tna so bnayam gato bnavat yaa ny cvasa ctasmnn uaram antaram hurutc atna
tasya bnayam bnavat
"lcloic ilc maiciial cosmos was manilcsicd, ii cxisicd in a subilc loim. Ai a
cciiain iimc ii bccamc manilcsicd in a gioss loim, and ai a cciiain iimc ilc
Supicmc lialman manilcsicd as ilc Univcisal Ioim. Wlcn an individual spiiii
soul ialcs slclici ol ilai Supicmc lialman, wlo is dillcicni liom ilc individual
spiiii souls, invisiblc io ilc gioss maiciial scnscs, indcsciibablc by maiciial woids,
and scll-cllulgcni, ilcn ilc individual spiiii soul aiiains libciaiion and is no longci
aliaid ol ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail. Il onc docs noi ialc slclici ol ilis
Supicmc lialman, lc musi icmain aliaid ol ialing biiil again and again in ilis
woild."
Tlc lialman dcsciibcd in ilis passagc ol ilc Vcdic liiciaiuic musi bc ilc
Supicmc lialman wlo is bcyond ilc limiiaiions ol ilc maiciial woild, and wlo is
ilc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial univciscs, and yci bcyond ilcm. Tlis passagc could noi
bc inicipicicd io dcsciibc a lialman ilai is aciually a manilcsiaiion ol ilc modcs
ol maiciial naiuic, loi il ilis wcic so, ilcn ii would noi lavc cxplaincd ilai ilcy
wlo bccomc dcvoicd io ilis lialman aiiain uliimaic libciaiion. Tlcy wlo aic
dcvoicd io ilc manilcsiaiions ol ilc modcs ol naiuic do noi aiiain libciaiion by
ilai maiciial dcvoiion. Tlcicloic, bccausc ilc dcvoiccs aiiain libciaiion, ilc
lialman mcniioncd lcic musi bc ilc iiansccndcnial Supicmc Pcison, wlo is
bcyond ilc modcs ol naiuic, and complcicly non-maiciial in naiuic.
Tlis non-maiciial, iiansccndcnial Supicmc lialman is dcsciibcd in ilc
lollowing siaicmcni ol Srima-Pnagavatam (10.SS.5):
narr n nrgunan sahsat
purusan prahrtcn paran
sa sarva-rg uparasta
tam bnajan nrguno bnavct
"Si Haii, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, is siiuaicd bcyond ilc iangc ol
maiciial naiuic; ilcicloic Hc is ilc supicmc iiansccndcnial pcison. Hc can scc
cvciyiling insidc and ouisidc; ilcicloic Hc is ilc supicmc ovciscci ol all living
cniiiics. Il somconc ialcs slclici ai His loius lcci and woislips Him, lc also
aiiains a iiansccndcnial posiiion."
Sufra 8
ncyatva-vacanac ca
ncyatva-vortny oj bcng abanonc, vacanat-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt, ca-aIso.
(Tlc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic sciipiuics is noi a manilcsiaiion ol ilc
modcs ol maiciial naiuic,) bccausc no sciipiuial passagc adviscs onc io abandon
(lialman in oidci io aiiain somciling liglci).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Il ilc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics wcic cnmcslcd in ilc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic, ilcn wly do ilc sciipiuics noi diicci mcn and womcn io abandon
ilc woislip ol lialman and woislip somciling liglci' Il ilis lialman wcic
undci ilc spcll ol ilc modcs ol naiuic, ilcn wly do ilosc aspiiing alici libciaiion
woislip ilis lialman io bccomc licc liom ilc giip ol ilc modcs ol naiuic'
Clcaily, ilc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics is noi cnianglcd in ilc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic, and loi ilis icason ilc sciipiuic siaic:
anya vaco vmuncatna
"Givc up ialling aboui ilings ilai lavc no iclaiion io ilc Supicmc lialman!"
Tlcy wlo aspiic loi libciaiion slould mcdiiaic wiil puic laiil on ilis Supicmc
lialman, wlo is cicinal, lillcd wiil all iiansccndcnial qualiiics, and ilc oiginal
cicaioi ol ilc maiciial univciscs. In ilis way ii may bc undcisiood ilai ilc
lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic sciipiuics is noi a pioduci ol ilc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic.
Sufra 9
svapyat
sva-nto HmscIj, apyat-bccausc Hc mcrgcs.
(Tlc Supicmc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics is noi bound by ilc
modcs ol naiuic,) bccausc Hc mcigcs inio Himscll, (unlilc ilc cicaiuics bound by
naiuic's modcs, wlo all mcigc inio somciling oilci ilan ilcii scll).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (5.1.1) cxplains:
om purnam aan purnam am
purnat purnam uacyatc
purnasya purnam aaya
purnam cvavassyatc
"Tlc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is pcilcci and complcic, and bccausc Hc is
complcicly pcilcci, all cmanaiions liom Him, sucl as ilis plcnomcnal woild, aic
pcilccily cquippcd as complcic wlolcs. Wlaicvci is pioduccd ol ilc complcic
wlolc is also complcic in iiscll. lccausc Hc is ilc complcic wlolc, cvcn ilougl so
many complcic uniis cmanaic liom Him, Hc icmains ilc complcic balancc."
Tlis vcisc cxplains ilai ilai wlicl is purna (pcilcci and complcic), cnicis inio
iiscll. Tlis cannoi bc said ol ilai wlicl is noi pcilcci and complcic. Il ilc
Supicmc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics wcic a pioduci ol ilc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic, ilcn ii would mcigc inio ilc Supicmc and noi inio iiscll. In ilis
way ii could noi bc dcsciibcd as iiuly pcilcci and complcic. In ilis vcisc ilc woid
aan (ilis) iclcis io ilc aprahata (noi manilcsicd in ilc maiciial woild) loim ol
ilc Supicmc Loid, wlicl is ilc iooi liom wlicl ilc vaiious prahata loims ol ilc
Loid cmanaic. loil aprahata and prahata loims ol ilc Loid aic pcilcci and
complcic. Tlc Loid cxpands liom His aprahata loim and appcais in ilc maiciial
woild in His prahata loim, displaying His rasa-IiIa and oilci iiansccndcnial
pasiimcs. Wlcn ilc prahata loim ol ilc Loid lcavcs ilc maiciial woild and cnicis
ilc aprahata loim ol ilc Loid, ilc Loid icmains unclangcd, cicinally pcilcci and
complcic. Tlai ilc Loid is uniouclcd by ilc modcs ol maiciial naiuic, and ilai
Hc cxpands inio many loims, aic conliicd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol smrt-
sastra:
sa cvo banuna bnutva
nrgunan purusottaman
cl-bluya punal scic
nroso narr a-hrt
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is laulilcss. Lvcn ilougl Hc is ilc
oiiginal cicaioi ol ilc maiciial woild, Hc icmains always uniouclcd by maiici. Hc
cxpands in innumciablc vsnu-tattva incainaiions, and ilcn ilcsc incainaiions
cnici Him and Hc again bccomcs onc."
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Tlcic aic aciually iwo
linds ol lialman: Saguna lialman (lialman cnmcslcd in ilc modcs ol maiciial
naiuic), and Niiguna lialman (lialman uniouclcd by ilc modcs ol maiciial
naiuic). Tlc liisi, oi Saguna lialman, las a loim consiiucicd ol ilc modc ol
maiciial goodncss. Tlis Saguna lialman is ilc omnisiccni, all-powcilul cicaioi ol
ilc maiciial univciscs. Tlc sccond, oi Niiguna lialman, is puic iiansccndcnial
cxisicncc only. Tlis Niiguna lialman is puic, pcilcci, and complcic. Tlc Saguna
lialman is ilc saht (poicncy) dcsciibcd by ilc Vcas, and ilc Niiguna lialman
is ilc tatparya (mcaning) ol ilc Vcas.
Sila Vyasadcva icluics ilis aigumcni by cxplaining, in ilc ncxi sutra:
Sufra 10
gat-samanyat
gat-tnc conccpton, samanyat-bccausc oj unjormty.
(Tlis is noi so) bccausc ilc Vcdas dcsciibc only onc lind ol lialman.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis sutra ilc woid gat mcans "conccpiion." Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuics dcsciibc
lialman as lull ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, omniscicni, omnipoicni, pcilcci,
complcic, puic, ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul, ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol ilc maiciial
univciscs, ilc objcci ol woislip loi ilc sainily dcvoiccs, and ilc bcsiowci ol
libciaiion. Tlc Vcas do noi dcsciibc iwo linds ol lialman: Niiguna and Saguna.
Railci, ilc Vcas dcsciibc only onc lind ol lialman. Tlis onc lialman is
dcsciibcd by Loid Kisna in ilc lollowing woids (Pnagava-gita 7.7):
mattan parataram nanyat
hnc ast nananjaya
may sarvam am protam
sutrc man-gana va
"O conqucioi ol wcalil, ilcic is noi iiuil supciioi io Mc. Lvciyiling icsis
upon mc as pcails siiung on a ilicad."
Tlus ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics dcsciibc only onc lind ol lialman: Niiguna
lialman. Sila Vyasadcva dcsciibcs ilis Niiguna lialman in ilc ncxi sutra:
Sufra 11
srutatvac ca
srutavat-bccausc oj bcng cscrbc n tnc Vcas, ca-an.
(Tlcic is only onc lind ol lialman: Niiguna lialman), bccausc Niiguna
lialman is dcsciibcd iliougloui ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Niiguna lialman is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Svctasvatara
Lpansa (6.11):
cho cvan sarva-bnutcsu gunan
sarva-vyapi sarva-bnutantaratma
harmanyahsan sarva-bnutanvasan
sahsi ccta hcvaIo nrgunas ca
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad manilcsis Himscll as ilc all-pcivading
Supcisoul, ilc wiincss picscni in ilc lcaiis ol all living cniiiics. Hc wiincsscs all
aciiviiics ol ilc living cniiiy. Hc is ilc supicmc living loicc. Hc is iiansccndcnial
io all maiciial qualiiics."
In ilis way Niiguna lialman is dcsciibcd in ilc srut-sastra. Tlc srut-sastra
docs noi say ilai ii is impossiblc io dcsciibc lialman. Somc say ilai lialman may
bc undcisiood noi liom ilc diicci siaicmcnis ol ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics, bui mcicly
indiiccily, oi liom linis lound in ilc Vcdic icxis. Tlis is noi ilc coiicci
undcisianding, loi il ilc Vcdic sciipiuics lad no powci io diiccily dcsciibc
lialman, ilcn naiuially ilcy would also noi lavc any powci io indiiccily dcsciibc
Him oi lini aboui Him. Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuics may say ilai lialman las no
coniaci wiil gunas (ciilci qualiiics, oi ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic), and Hc
cannoi bc sccn by maiciial cycs (arsya), siill ii docs noi say ilai ilc woids ol ilc
Vcas lavc no powci io dcsciibc Him.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi said in ilc
Vcas ilai lialman las no gunas (qualiiics)' Youi siaicmcni ilai lialman las
qualiiics coniiadicis ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc sciipiuics.
To ilis I icply: Tlis is noi iiuc. You can only say ilis bccausc you do noi
undcisiand ilc conlidcniial mcaning ol ilc woid nrguna. lccausc ilc Supicmc
lialman is all-lnowing and posscss many iiansccndcnial qualiiiics, wlcn ilc
sciipiuics say ilai Hc is niiguna, ii slould bc undcisiood io mcan ilai Hc las no
(nil) coniaci wiil ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic (guna).
Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol smrt-sastra:
sattvaayo na santsc
yatra caprahrta gunan
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo posscsscs numbcilcss
iiansccndcnial qualiiics, is cicinally licc liom ilc ioucl ol ilc ilicc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic: goodncss, passion, and ignoiancc."
samasta-haIyana-gunatmaho sau
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad posscsscs all auspicious qualiiics."
Ioi all ilcsc icasons ii slould bc acccpicd ilai ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics lavc ilc
powci io dcsciibc ilc pcilcci, puic, complcic Supicmc lialman. Wlcn ii is said
by ilc sciipiuics ilai ilc Supicmc lialman las no namcs, loims, oi qualiiics ii
slould bc undcisiood ilai ilc Supicmc lialman las no maiciial namcs, loims, oi
qualiiics, and ilai His namcs, loims and qualiiics aic limiilcss and bcyond ilc
couniing ol limiicd spiiii souls.
Ai ilis poini somconc may objcci, saying ilai ilc liicial inicipiciaiion ol ilc
Vcdic siaicmcnis is ilai lialman is wiiloui qualiiics (nrguna), and youi
inicipiciaiion ol ilc woid nrguna is wiong.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Docs ilis dcsciipiion ilai lialman las no qualiiics
lclp io posiiivcly undciiand lialman' Il you say ycs, ilcn you lavc io admii ilai
ilc Vcas do lavc ilc powci io dcsciibc lialman; and il you say no, ilcn you
lavc io admii ilai youi caiclul siudics ol ilc Vcdic liiciaiuic lavc bccn a gicai
wasic ol iimc, and as a icsuli you icmain wlolly ignoiani ol lialman's ical naiuic.
Adhikarana 6
The Supreme Brahman is FuII of BIiss
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
saba vacahatam yant
yantrananamayaayan
vbnum anana-vjnanam
tam sunam sraaniman
Lci us placc oui laiil in ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is supicmcly
puic, all-powcilul, all-lnowing, and lull ol iiansccndcnial bliss. Hc is pcilccily
dcsciibcd in ilc ananamaya-sutra and ilc oilci siaicmcnis ol Vcanta-sutra.
Iiom ilc 12il Suiia (ananamaya) io ilc cnd ol ilis Iiisi Clapici, Sila
Vyasadcva will piovc ilai ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics aic inicndcd io
dcsciibc lialman. In ilc Iiisi Pada, Sila Vyasadcva discusscs ilosc woids ol ilc
Vcdic liiciaiuics, wlicl, ialcn by ilcmsclvcs, wlould noi ncccssaiily iclci io
lialman, bui wlicl, in ilcii Vcdic conicxi, cciiainly do iclci io lialman.
1. Vsaya (Siaicmcni): In ilc passagcs liom 1attriya Lpansa bcginning
branma-v apnot param and sa va csa puruso nna-rasamayan, wc lind a
dcsciipiion ol ilc annamaya, pranamaya, manomaya, and vjnanamaya siagcs ol
cxisicncc, and alici ilai wc lind ilc lollowing siaicmcni:
tasma va ctasma vjnanamaya anyo ntaratmananamayas tcnasa purnan. sa
va csa purusa-vna cva tasya purusa-vnatam anvayam purusa-vnan. tasya pryam
cva sran. moo ah\snan pah\san. pramoa uttaran pah\san. anana atma. branma-
puccnam pratstna.
"Higlci ilan ilc vjnanamaya siagc is ilc ananamaya siagc ol cxisicncc. Tlc
ananamaya siagc is a pcison wlosc lcad is plcasuic (prya), wlosc iigli sidc is
joy (moa), wlosc lcli sidc is dcligli (pramoa), and wlosc idcniiiy is bliss
(anana). Tlc ananamya is lialman."
2. Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc ananamaya pcison ilc individual spiiii soul oi ilc
Supicmc lialman'
3. Purvapahsa (ilc opposiiion spcals): lccausc ananamaya is dcsciibcd as a
pcison ii musi iclci io ilc condiiioncd spiiii soul icsiding in a maiciial body.
+. Snanta (ilc piopci conclusion): Sila Vyasadcva answcis ilis aigumcni by
spcaling ilc lollowing sutra:
Sufra 12
ananamayo bnyasat
anana-bIss, mayan-juII oj , abnyasat-bccausc oj rcpctton.
Tlc woid ananamaya (lull ol bliss) uscd in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics musi iclci io
ilc Supicmc lialman, loi ii is icpcaicdly uscd io dcsciibc Him.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Supicmc lialman is ilc ananamaya dcsciibcd in Vcdic liiciaiuic. Wly do
wc say so' lccausc ilc woid ananamaya is icpcaicdly uscd io dcsciibc ilc
Supicmc lialman. Diiccily lollowing ilc dcsciipiion ol ananamaya in ilc
1attriya Lpansa (2.6.1), wc lind ilc lollowing siaicmcni:
asann cva sambnavat
asa branmct vca cct
ast branmct cc vca
santam cnam tato vun
"Onc wlo ilinls, Tlc Supicmc lialman docs noi cxisi' bccomcs a dcmonic
ailcisi, and onc wlo ilinls, Tlc Supicmc lialman docs cxisi' is lnown as a
saini."
In ilis passagc ilc woid lialman was icpcaicd. Tlis icpciiiion is callcd
abnyasa. In ilc picvious quoiaiion liom 1attriya Lpansa, ilc woid lialman
appcaicd in ilc woid branma-puccnam, bui in ilai casc ilc woid only occuiicd
oncc, and ilcicloic ilcic was no abnyasa.
Tlc loui vciscs ol 1attriya Lpansa bcginning wiil ilc vcisc anna va prajan
prajayantc dcsciibc ilc annamaya, pranamaya, manomaya, and vjnanamaya lcvcls
ol cxisicncc. Lacl ol ilcsc lcvcls is piogicssivcly liglci ilan ilc picccding onc,
and alici ilcm ilc ananamaya lcvcl, wlicl is dillcicni in qualiiy, is ilc liglcsi ol
all. Tlis will bc moic claboiaicly cxplaincd in ilc passagc lollowing ilc sutra:
prya-sras tv aya-praptcr (3.3.13) ol ilis bool.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Tlcsc siagcs ol
cxisicncc dcsciibc ilc condiiioncd souls wlo lavc lallcn inio ilc iaging iivci ol
maiciial sullciing. Wly las ilc siagc ol blisslulncss (ananamaya) bccn madc ilc
clicl ol ilcsc siagcs ol sullciing'"
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlcic is no lauli in ilis. Tlc all-blisslul Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is pcscni in ilc lcaiis ol all ilc sullciing condiiioncd souls, and
ilcicloic ii is pcilccily appiopiiaic io mcniion ilcm iogcilci.
Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuics spcal in ilis way io malc a dilliculi subjcci-maiici
iniclligiblc loi ilc unlciicicd common man. Jusi as onc may poini oui ilc small,
dilliculi-io-scc siai Aiundlaii by liisi poiniing io a ncaiby laigc casy-io-scc siai,
and ilcn lcad ilc vicwci liom ilai iclcicncc-poini io ilc iiny Aiundlaii, in ilc
samc way ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics liisi dcsciibc ilc sullciing-lillcd lilc ol ilc
condiiioncd souls, and ilcn liom ilai iclcicncc poini icacl aboui ilc all-blisslul
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing qucsiion: Is ii, ilcn, ilai ilc
Vcdic liiciaiuics mosily dcsciibc iopics oilci ilan ilc Supicmc lialman, (bccausc
mosily ilcy dcsciibc ilcsc "iclcicncc-poinis" io lcad ilc icadci io ilc Supicmc),
oi do ilcy mosily dcsciibc lialman diiccily'"
I answci ilis qucsiion: lialman is diiccily dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics.
Ioi cxamplc, in ilc ncxi clapici ol 1attriya Lpansa, Vaiuna, upon bcing aslcd
by lis son io icacl lim aboui lialman, cxplaincd io lim ilai lialman is ilc
oiiginal cicaioi, mainianci, and dcsiioyci ol ilc maiciial univciscs. Hc luiilci
cxplains ilai ilc annamaya, pranamaya, manomaya, and vjnanamaya siagcs ol
cxisicncc, onc by onc, aic all lialman. Tlcn lc cxplaincd ilai ilc ananamaya
siagc is ilc linal lialman. Alici cxplaining ilis, Vaiuna concludcd lis icacling by
conliiming ilai lc las spolcn a iiuc dcsciipiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Hc said:
ctam ananamayam atmanam upasanhramya man Iohan haman hama-rupy
anusancarann ctat sama gayann astc
"Alici lcaving lis maiciial body, onc wlo undcisiands ilc supicmc
ananamaya pcison lcavcs ilis maiciial woild and cnicis ilc spiiiiual woild. All
lis dcsiics bccomc lullillcd, lc aiiains a spiiiiual loim accoiding io lis own wisl,
and lc dcdicaics limscll io gloiilying ilai supicmc ananamaya pcison."
Tlai ilc ananamaya pcison in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics is aciually ilc Supicmc
lialman is also dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Srima-Pnagavatam
(10.S7.17):
purusa-vno nvayo tra caramo nnamyasu yan
sa asatan param tvam atna ya csv avascsamrtam
"O Loid, ol ilcsc pcisons bcginning wiil ilc annamaya-purusa, You aic ilc
Supicmc."
Wc may noic in ilis conncciion ilai ii is noi coniiadicioiy oi illogical io say
ilai ilc Supicmc lialman las a loim. Tlc loim ol ilc Supicmc is dcsciibcd in ilc
Vcdic liiciaiuics. Ioi cxamplc, ilc Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (3.7.3) cxplains:
prtnvi sariram
"Tlc maiciial univcisc is ilc body ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Ii is bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las a loim (sarira), ilai ilis
bool, ilc Vcanta-sutra, is also callcd Sariraha-sutra (sutras gloiilying ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo las a loim). Somc may say ilai ilc woid
ananamaya docs noi iclci io ilc Supicmc lialman, and ilai only ilc woid
branma-puccnam iclcis io lialman. Tlis pioposal is noi vciy iniclligcni. Somc
oilcis may say ilai ilc woid ananamaya docs noi iclci io lialman bccausc ilc
woidmaya mcans "iiansloimaiion". Tlcsc pcisons say ilc woid ananamaya
(iiansloimaiion ol bliss) cannoi iclci io ilc Supicmc lialman, loi lialman is
naiuially lull ol bliss, and noi a iiansloimaiion ol somc pic-cxisiing siaic ol
lappincss. Ioi ilis icason ilc woid ananamaya musi iclci io ilc individual spiiii
soul, and noi lialman. In oidci io icluic ilis aigumcni, Sila Vyasadcva spcals
ilc lollowing sutra:
Sufra 13
vhara-saban nct ccn na pracuryat
vhara-transjormaton, sabat-jrom tnc vor, na-not, t-tnus, cct-j, na-
not, pracuryat-bccausc oj abunancc.
Il (somconc aigucs ilai ilc Supicmc lialman cannoi bc ilc samc as ilc
anandamaya pcison dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdas) bccausc ilc allix maya mcans
"iiansloimaiion", (and ilc Supicmc lialman is noi a iiansloimaiion ol ananda, oi
bliss, ilcn I icply by saying ilai) bccausc ilc allix maya uscd lcic mcans
"abundancc", ilis inicipiciaiion is noi coiicci, (and ilcicloic ilc woid
anandamaya slould bc undcisiood io mcan "Hc wlo is lillcd wiil limiilcss bliss").
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid ananamaya docs noi mcan "lc wlo is a iiansloimaiion ol bliss."
Wly' lccausc ilc allix maya lcic mcans "abundancc", and ilcicloic ilc woid
ananamaya mcans "Hc wlo is lillcd wiil limiilcss bliss." Tlc iulcs ol Sansliii
giammai siaic ilai ilc allix maya may noi bc uscd io mcan "iiansloimaiion" in
vaha woids ol moic ilan iwo syllablcs. Tlc woid anana las ilicc syllablcs, and
ilcicloic wlcn ilc woid ananamaya appcais in ilc vaha icxi ol ilc 1attriya
Lpansa, ii cannoi bc inicipicicd io mcan "lc wlo is a iiansloimaiion ol bliss."
Tlc Supicmc lialman, ilcicloic, is noi only licc liom all sullciing, bui lillcd
wiil limiilcss bliss. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol Vcdic
sciipiuic:
csa sarva-bnutantaratmapanata-papma vyo cva cho narayanan
"Tlcic is onc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad: Loid Naiayana. Hc is ilc
iiansccndcnial Supcisoul in ilc lcaiis ol all living cniiiics, and Hc is complcicly
licc liom all sin."
-SubaIa Lpansa
paran paranam sahaIa na yatra
hIcsaayan sant paravarcsan
"Sullciing is noi cxpciicnccd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Wlcn ilc allix maya mcans "abundancc", ii also implics ilc mcaning "csscniial
naiuic." Tlcicloic, wlcn wc usc jyotrmaya (lull ol ligli) io mcan ilc sun, ilc
allix maya can also bc undcisiood io mcan "csscniial naiuic". In ilis way ilc woid
jyotrmaya mcans "ilai ol wlicl ilc csscniial naiuic is ligli." In ilis way ilc woid
ananamaya may also bc inicipicicd io mcan "Hc wlosc csscniial naiuic is lull ol
bliss." Iiom all ilis ii may bc undcisiood ilai ilc woid ananamaya clcaily iclcis
io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ii docs noi iclci io ilc individual spiiii
soul.
Sufra 1+
ta-nctu-vyapacsac ca
tat-oj tnat, nctu-tnc orgn, vypacsat-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt, ca-aIso.
lccausc ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics dcclaic ilai ilc anandamaya pcison is ilc souicc
ol bliss loi oilcis, (ii slould bc undcisiood ilai ilc anandamaya pcison is ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and noi ilc individual spiiii soul).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol 1attriya Lpansa (2.7):
ho ny cvanyat han pranyat yay csa ahasa anano na syat. csa cvananayat.
"Wlo is ilai pcison, wiiloui wlom ilc living cniiiics cannoi lccl lappincss'
Tlai is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo dcliglis ilc individual spiiii
souls."
Tlis passagc cxplains ilai ilc Supicmc lialman is ilc oiigin ol lappincss loi
ilc individual spiiii souls. Iiom ilis wc may undcisiand ilai ilc causc ol
lappincss (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad), and ilc icccivci ol lappincss
(ilc individual spiiii soul) musi bc dillcicni pcisons. Tlcy cannoi bc indcniical.
Tlcicloic ilc woid ananamaya iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
only. Wc may also noic ilai ilc woid anana uscd in ilis passagc ol 1attriya
Lpansa (is idcniical wiil ilc woid ananamaya..
Sufra 15
mantra-varnham cva ca giyatc
mantra-by tnc mantra porton oj tnc Vcas, varnham-cscrbc, cva-ccrtanIy,
ca-aIso, giyatc-s cscrbc.
(Tlc samc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) dcsciibcd in ilc maniia-poiiion ol
ilc Vcdas is also dcsciibcd (as ilc anandamaya-pcison in ilc icxi ol ilc Taiiiiiya
Upanisad).
Purporf by BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc samc Supicmc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic mantra, Satyam jnanam
anantam branma (ilc Supicmc lialman las no limiis. Hc is cicinal and lull ol
lnowlcdgc), is also dcsciibcd in ilc 1attriya Lpansa by ilc woid ananamaya.
In ilis way ilc abovc sutra cxplains ilai ilc woid ananamaya docs noi iclci io
ilc individual living cniiiiy. Iuiilci, ilc 1attriya Lpansa cxplains:
branma-v apnot param
"Onc wlo undcisiands ilc Supicmc lialman aiiains ilc Supicmc lialman."
Tlis scnicncc cxplains ilai ilc individual living cniiiy woislips ilc Supicmc
lialman and ilcn aiiains ilc associaiion ol ilai Supicmc lialman. Tlis is ilc
samc Supicmc lialman picviously dcsciibcd in ilc mantra, satyam jnanam
anantam branma. Tlis is ilc Supicmc lialman dcsciibcd by ilc woid
ananamaya. Tlis is ilc Supicmc lialman dcsciibcd in ilc 1attriya Lpansa in
ilc passagc bcgining wiil ilc woids tasma va ctasmat. lccausc ilc Supicmc
lialman is ilc objcci ol aiiainmcni loi ilc individual spiiii soul, and bccausc ilc
objcci ol aiiainmcni and ilc aiiainci musi bc iwo disiinci cniiiics, and ilcy cannoi
bc idcniical, ilcicloic ilc Supicmc lialman and ilc individual living cniiiics
musi bc disiinci pcisons, and ilcicloic ilc woid ananamaya iclcis only io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and noi io ilc individual living cniiics.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Il ilc Supicmc
lialman dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic mantras wcic dillcicni liom ilc individual living
cniiiy, ilcn ilc individual living cniiiics could noi bc ilc ananamaya pcison
dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics. Tlc aciual laci is ilai ilc Supicmc lialman and ilc
individual living cniiiics aic idcniical. Tlc Vcdic mantras siaic ilai wlcn ilc
individual spiiii soul is licc liom ignoiancc and libciaicd liom maiciial bondagc,
ilcn lc bccomc idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc lialman.
To answci ilis objcciion, Sila Vyasadcva spcals ilc lollowing sutra.
Sufra 16
nctaro nupapattcn
na-not, taran-tnc otncr, upapattcn-bccausc t s IIogcaI.
Tlc oilci pcison (individual living cniiiy) is noi dcsciibcd (in ilc maniia
"saiyam jnanam ananiam bialma"), bccausc sucl an inicipiciaiion ol ilc maniia
is illogical.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc tara (oilci pcison) mcniioncd in ilis sutra is ilc individual living cniiiy.
Tlis sutra, ilcicloic, siaics ilai ilc individual spiiii soul, cvcn in ilc libciaicd
condiiion, cannoi bc ilc Supicmcm Pcison dcsciibcd in ilc mantra, saiyam
jnanam ananiam bialma. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Vcdic
liiciaiuic:
so 'snuic saivan laman sala bialmana vipasciia
"Tlc libciaicd soul cnjoys ilc lullillmcni ol all lis dcsiics in ilc company ol
ilc omniscicni Supicmc lialman."
In ilis passagc ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc libciaicd spiiii-soul and ilc Supicmc
lialman is dcsciibcd in ilc woids "Hc cnjoys in ilc company ol ilc Supicmc
lialman." Tlc woid vpasct mcans "Hc wlosc consciousncss (ct) sccs (pasyat)
ilc gicai vaiiciy ol ilai wlicl cxisis (vvnam). Tlc woid pasya is clangcd io pas
in ilis woid by ilc giammaiical loimula pisodaiadi-gana (Panini 6.3.109). In ilis
way ilc libciaicd individual soul aiiains ilc associaiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, wlo is cxpcii ai cnjoying many vaiiciics ol iiansccndcnial bliss, and
wiil Him, ilc individual spiiii soul cnjoys, lullilling all lis dcsiics.
Tlc woid asnutc slould bc undcisiood io mcan "cnjoys" in ilis conicxi. Tlc
vcib as mcans "io cnjoy", and alilougl wc would cxpcci ii io bc conjugaicd in ilc
parasmapaa, (asnat), in ilis passagc ii is conjugaicd in ilc atmancpaa ,asnutc).
Tlc icason loi ilis is cxplaincd by Panini in ilc sutra vyatyayo banuIam t
cnanas tatna smrtcn (3.1.S5).
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is naiuially ilc Supicmc Lnjoyci, and ilc
individual spiiii soul is His suboidinaic in ilc maiici ol cnjoymcni also. Siill, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad gloiilics ilc libciaicd souls, wlcn Hc says:

vasc hurvant mam bnahtan
sat-stryan sat-patm yatna
"My puic dcvoiccs biing Mc undci ilcii coniiol, jusi as laiillul wivcs biing a
lind-lcaiicd lusband undci ilcii coniiol."
Sufra 17
bnca-vyapacsac ca
bnca-jjcrcncc, vyapacsat-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt, ca-aIso.
(Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc individual spiiii soul aic)
dillcicni, bccausc ilc Vcdic liiciaiuic icaclcs ilis laci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc 1attriya Lpansa (7.1) cxplains:
iaso vai sal iasam ly cvayam labdlvanand blavaii.
"Wlcn onc undcisiands ilc Pcisonaliiy ol God, ilc icscivoii ol plcasuic,
Kisna, lc aciually bccomcs iiansccndcnially blisslul."
Tlis passagc clcaily slows ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc libciaicd individual spiiii
soul and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlom ilc Vcdic mantras dcsciibc
as ananamaya, and wlo is ilc iiansccndcnial ncciai aiiaincd by ilc individual
spiiii soul. Tlis dillcicncc is also dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Prna-
aranyaha Lpansa (+.+.6):
branmava san branmapnot
"Alici bccoming lialman, ilc individual spiiii soul aiiains lialman."
Tlis siaicmcni docs noi mcan ilai alici libciaiion ilc individual spiiii soul
bccomcs non-dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc lialman, bui iailci ilc libciaicd soul
bccomcs similai io lialman and in ilis condiiion mccis lialman and aiiains His
associaiion. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lolllowing siaicmcniol Manuhya Lpansa
(3.1.31):
nranjanan paramam samyam upat
"Tlis libciaicd soul bccomcs lilc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Also, in ilc Pnagava-gta (1+.2), ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcclaics:
am jnanam upasrtya
mama sanarmyam agatan
"ly bccoming lixcd in ilis lnowlcdgc, onc can aiiain io ilc iiansccndcnial
naiuic, wlicl is lilc My own naiuic."
In ilis way ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics icacl us ilai ilc libciaicd souls bccomc lilc
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi so ilai ilc
pranana lcaiuic ol ilc modc ol maiciial goodncss (sattva-guna) is ilc aciual
oiigin ol ilc ananamaya pcison'
Sila Vyasadcva answcis ilis objcciion in ilc lollowing sutra.
Sufra 18
hamac ca nanumanapchsa
hamat-bccausc oj csrc, ca-aIso, na-not, anumana-to tnc tncory, apchsa-n
rcIaton.
(Tlc anandamaya pcison) cannoi bc (a pioduci ol ilc modc ol maiciial
goodncss), bccausc (ilc modc ol goodncss is inscniicni and dcsiiclcss, wlcicas ilc
anandamaya pcison) is lillcd wiil dcsiics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc 1attriya Lpansa cxplains:
so hamayata banu syam prajaycya
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsiicd: Lci Mc bccomc many. Lci Mc
lailci many living cniiiics."
In ilis way ilc srut-sastra cxplains ilai ilc univcisc was cicaicd by ilc dcsiic
ol ilc ananamaya pcison. lccausc ilc ananamaya pcison is ilus lillcd wiil
dcsiics, ii is noi possiblc loi ilc pranana modc ol maiciial goodncss, wlicl is
lilclcss, inscniicni, and dcsiiclcss, io bc ilai ananamaya pcison.
Sufra 19
asmnn asya ca ta-yogam sast
asmn-n tnat ananamaya pcrson, asya-oj tnc nvuaI sprt souI, ca-aIso,
tat-oj jcarIcssncss, yogam-contact, sast-tnc Vcc scrpturcs tcacn.
(Tlc anandamaya pcison cannoi bc manilcsicd liom ilc piadlana modc ol
maiciial goodncss, bccausc) ilc Vcdic sciipiuics icacl ilai coniaci wiil ilc
anandamaya pcison biings lcailcssncss (io ilc individual spiiii soul).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc srut-sastra icaclcs ilai by ialing slclici ol ilc ananamaya pcison, ilc
individual spiiii soul aiiains lcailcssncss, and by dcclining io ialc slclici ol Him,
ilc soul bccomcs plagucd wiil lcais. Tlis conliimcd by ilc 1attriya Lpansa
(2.7.2) in ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids yaa ny cva.
On ilc oilci land, coniaci wiil ilc maiciial naiuic biings lcai io ilc
individual spiiii souls. Tlc maiciial naiuic docs noi biing a condiiion ol
lcailcssncss io ilc living cniiiics, and loi ilis icason ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc
pranana modc ol maiciial goodncss is ilc ananamaya pcison. Tlcicloic, ilc
ananamaya pcison is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Haii. Tlc ananamaya
pcison is noi ilc individual spiiii soul oi ilc maiciial naiuic.
Adhikarana 7
The Nafure of fhe Person Wifhin
1. Vsaya (Siaicmcni): Tlc Clandogya Upanisad cxplains:
atna ya so ntar atyo nranmayan puruso rsyatc nranya-smasrur nranya-hcsa
apranahnat sarva cva suvarnas tasya yatna hapyasam punariham cvam ah\sn
tasyoct nama sa csa sarvcbnyan papmabnyan uta uct na va sarvcbnyan
papmabnyo ya cvam vca tasya rh sama ca gcsnau tasma uigtnas tasmat tv
cvogatatasya n gatna sa csa yc camusmat paranco Iohas tcsam ccstc cva-hamanam
ccty anavatam. . . atnanyatmam atna ya cso ntar-ah\sn puruso rsyatc sava rh
tat sama ta uhtnam ta yajus ta branma tasyatasya ta cva rupam ya amusya
rupam. yav amusya gcsnau tau gcsnau yan nama tan nama.
"Wiilin ilc sun-globc is a goldcn pcison, wiil goldcn laii, a goldcn bcaid, and
a body goldcn liom His lingcinails io all His limbs. His cycs aic lilc loius llowcis.
Hc is abovc all sin. Onc wlo undcisiands Him also bccomcs siiuaicd abovc all sin.
Tlc Pg and Sama Vcas sing His gloiics. Iiom Him ilc liglcsi spiiiiual plancis,
wlcic ilc dcmigods dcsiic io go, lavc bccomc manilcsicd. Tlis is ilc goldcn
pcison picscni among ilc dcmigods. . . Now I slall dcsciibc ilc pcison wiilin ilc
luman mind and lcaii. Wiilin ilc cycs a wondcilul pcison may bc sccn. Tlc Pg,
Sama, and Yajur Vcas gloiily Him. Hc is idcniical wiil ilc goldcn pcison wlo
icsidcs in ilc sun."
2. Samsaya (doubi): "Is ilis an individual spiiii soul wlo by gicai piciy and
spiiiiual lnowlcdgc las aiiaincd ilis cxalicd posiiion, oi is ilis ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo appcais as ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul'"
3. Purvapahsa (ilc opposing aigumcni): lccausc ilis pcison las a loim and
vaiious lumanlilc lcaiuics, Hc musi bc a pious spiiii soul. ly lis piciy and
spiiiiual lnowlcdgc lc las bccomc ablc io bccomc ilc gicai coniiollci ol
dcmigods and luman bcings, wlo lullills ilcii dcsiics, and gianis ilcm ilc icsulis
ol ilici aciions.
+. Snanta (Conclusion): Sila Vyasadcva addicsscs ilcsc vicws in ilc
lollowing sutra.
Sufra 20
antas ta-narmopacsat
antan-vtnn, tat-oj Hm, narma-naturc, upacsat bccausc oj tnc nstructon.
1nc pcrson vtnn ,tnc sun an tnc cyc s tnc Suprcmc PcrsonaIty oj Gonca),
bccausc tnc Vcc Itcraturcs cxpIan tnat Hs naturc jts tnc cscrpton oj tnc Lor.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc pcison wiilin ilc sun and ilc cyc is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
wlo is picscni cvciywlcic as ilc Supcisoul. Tlis pcison is noi ilc individual
spiiii soul. Wly' lccausc ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics dcsciibc Him as bcing sinlcss and
posscssing all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ioi cxamplc,
Hc is licc liom all sin and all harma. Tlc sliglicsi liagiancc ol harma cannoi ioucl
Him. Tlis is noi possiblc loi ilc individual spiiii souls, wlo icmain subjcci io ilc
laws ol harma. In many oilci ways also ilc individual spiiii soul docs noi lii ilc
dcsciipiion ol ilis pciosn wiilin ilc sun and ilc cyc. Ioi cxamplc: ilc individual
spiiii soul is noi ilc lullillci ol ilc dcsiics ol ilc living cniiiics, noi is lc ilc
awaidci ol ilc liuiis ol aciion, noi is lc ilc objcci ol ilc woislip ol ilc living
cniiiics.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: lccausc ilc pcison
wiilin ilc sun and ilc cyc is dcsciibcd as laving a body, ilcicloic Hc musi bc an
individual spiiii soul, loi ilc Supicmc lialman las no body.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlis is noi ncccssaiily so. Tlc purusa-suhta piaycis
(Pg Vca 10.90) and many oilci Vcdic vciscs dcsciibc ilc iiansccndcnial body ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc Svctasvatara Lpansa also dcsciibcs ilc
Supicmc Loid's iiansccndcnial body in ilc lollowing woids:
vcnanam ctam purusam manantam
atya-varnam tamasan parastat
"I lnow ilai Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc loim is iiansccndcnial io
all maiciial conccpiions ol dailncss."
Sufra 21
bnca-vyapacsac canyan
bnca-jjcrcncc, vyapacsat-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt, ca-aIso, anyan-
anotncr.
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is dillcicni liom ilc individual spiiii soul
bccausc ilis dociiinc is iaugli in all Vcdic liiciaiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc goldcn pcison wiilin ilc sun is noi ilc individual spiiii soul wlo is ilc
solai diciy and wlo ilinls ilc sun-planci is lis own body, bui iailci ilai goldcn
pcison is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc Supcisoul wlo is picscni in
cvciy aiom. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol ilc Prna-aranyaha
Lpansa:
ya atyc tstnann atya antaro yam atyo
na vca yasyatyan sariram ya atyam antaro
yamayaty csa ta atmantaryamy amrtan
"Tlai pcison siiuaicd wiilin ilc sun, wlo is noi ilc sun-god, wlom ilc sun-
god docs noi lnow, wlo manilcsis ilc sun-planci as His own body, wlo coniiols
ilc sun-planci liom wiilin, ilai pcison is ilc immoiial Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, wlo is picscni wiilin ilc lcaii ol cvciy living cniiiy as ilc Supcisoul."
Iiom ilis dcsciipiion wc may undcisiand ilai ilc goldcn pcison wiilin ilc
sun is noi ilc individual spiiii soul wlo is ilc sun-god, bui ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. loil ilis passagc and ilc picvious quoicd passagc liom
ilc Cnanogya Lpansa agicc on ilis poini.
Adhikarana 8
The Word "kasa" Refers fo Brahman
1. Vsaya (Siaicmcni): Tlc Cnanogya Lpansa siaics:
asya Iohasya ha gatr t ahasa t novaca
sarvan na va man bnutany ahasa cva
samutpayantc. ahasam pratyastam yanty ahasan
parayanam t.
"Hc aslcd: Wlai is ilc uliimaic dcsiinaiion ol all living cniiiics' Hc icplicd:
Ahasa is ilc uliimaic dcsiinaiion. All living cniiiics and all maiciial clcmcnis lavc
cmanaicd liom ahasa, and ilcy will again cnici inio ahasa."
2. Samsaya (doubi): Wlai is ilc mcaning ol ilc woid ahasa lcic' Docs ii mcan
ilc clcmcni cilci, oi docs ii mcan ilc Supicmc lialman'
3. Purvapahsa (ilc opposing aigumcni): Tlc woid ahasa lcic mcans "ilc
clcmcni cilci", bccausc aii and ilc oilci clcmcnis cvolvc liom ii. Indccd, cilci is
ilc oiigin ol all ilc oilci clcmcnis.
+. Snanta (Conclusion): Sila Vyasadcva icluics ilis aigumcni in ilc
lollowing sutra.
Sufra 22
ahasas taI-Ingat
ahasan-tnc vor ahasa, tat-oj Hm, Ingat-bccausc oj tnc quaItcs.
Tlc woid "alasa" in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuic iclcis io ilc Supicmc lialman, loi ilc
dcsciipiion ol "alasa" apily liis ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc qualiiics ol lialman.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid ahasa lcic iclcis io lialman and noi ilc maiciial clcmcni cilci.
Wly' lccausc ilc ahasa dcsciibcd lcic las alll ilc claiaciciisiics ol lialman.
Tlc ahasa dcsciibcd lcic is ilc souicc liom wlicl ilc maiciial clcmcnis cmanaic,
ilc mainiainci wlo susiains ilcm, and ilc uliimaic iclugc inio wlicl ilcy cnici ai
ilc iimc ol comsic annililaiion. Tlai is lialman. Tlc sciipiuics cxplain: sarvan
na va man bnutan (All maiciial clcmcnis lavc cmanaicd liom ahasa). lccausc
cilci is onc ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis, ii is includcd in ilc woid sarvan (all ilc
clcmcnis). Ii is noi ilc indcpcndcni oiigin ol ilc causal clain, bui mcicly onc ol
ilc linls. Ioi ilis icason ii cannoi bc ilc ahasa ilai is ilc souicc ol all ilc
clcmcnis (including cilci). Tlc usc ol ilc woid cva (cciiainly) in ilis conicxi
icinloiccs ilc inicipiciaiion ilai ahasa iclcis io lialman bccausc cva implics
"ilcic is no oilci causc". Ioi ilis icason ahasa cannoi iclci io ilc maiciial
clcmcni cilci. Ioi cxamplc, clay is ilc oiigin liom wlicl clay pois aic pioduccd,
and oilci maiciial subsianccs aic ilc oiigins ol oilci objccis, bui all ilcsc
"oiigins" aic noi piimal oiigins, bui mcicly inicimcdiaic sicps in a gicai causal
clain. ly using ilc woid cva (ilc solc causc) ilc icxi clcaily iclcis io ilc piimal,
uncauscd causc, lialman, and noi cilci oi any oilci paiiiculai inicimcdiaic siagc
in ilc causal clain. Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuics dcsciibc lialman as ilc masici ol all
poicncics and ilc souicc ol all loims, and ilcicloic, bccausc ilc ahasa is dcsciibcd
(cva) as ilc "solc causc", ii can iclci only io ilc piimal causc lialman and noi ilc
maiciial clcmcni cilci. Alilougl ilc woid ahasa gcncially mcans "cilci" in
oidinaiy usagc, in ilis conicxi ilc sccondaiy mcaning "lialman" is lai moic
appiopiiaic.
Adhikarana 9
The Word "Prana" Refers fo Brahman
1. Vsaya (Siaicmcni): Tlc Cnanogya Lpansa cxplains:
hatama sa cvatct. prana t novaca. sarvan na va man bnutan pranam
cvabnsamvsant pranam abnyujjinatc.
"Tlcy aslcd: Wlo is ilis dciiy ol wlom you spcal' Hc icplicd: Ii is prana.
Iiom prana all ilc maiciial clcmcnis lavc cmanaicd, and inio prana ilcy cnici ai
ilc cnd."
2. Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc woid pranalcic iclci io ilc bicail ilai iiavcls in
and oui ol ilc mouil, oi docs ii iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
3. Purvapahsa (opposing aigumcni): Tlc oidinaiy mcaning ol ilc woid prana is
"ilc bicail ilai iiavcls in and oui ilc mouil." Tlai mcaning is inicndcd lcic.
+. Snanta (Conclusion): Sila Vyasadcva icluics ilis vicw by spcaling ilc
lollowing sutra.
Sufra 23
ata cva pranan
atan cva-tncrcjorc, pranan-tnc vor prana.
Tlc woid "piana" in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics iclcis io ilc Supicmc lialman, loi
ilc samc icasons cxpicsscd in ilc picvious suiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid prana in ilis passagc liom Cnanogya Lpansa iclcis io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and noi io ilc iiansloimaiions ol aii. Wly' lccausc ilis
icxi dcsciibcs prana as ilc oiiginal causc liom wlicl ilc maiciial clcmcnis lavc
cmanaicd, and inio wlicl ilcy cnici ai ilc cnd. Tlcsc aic ilc claiaciciisiics ol ilc
Supicmc lialman, and noi ilc maiciial clcmcni aii.
Adhikarana 10
The Word "]yofis" Refers fo Brahman
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Cnanogya Lpansa (3.13.7) siaics:
atna ya atan paro vo jyotr ipyatc vsvatan prstncsu sarvatan prstncsv
anuttamcsuttamcsu Iohcsu am vava ta ya am asmnn antan purusc jyotn
"jyots slincs in ilc spiiiiual woild, abovc all ilc maiciial plancis. jyots loims
ilc baclgiound on wlicl all maiciial univciscs and all maiciial plancis, liom
lowcsi io liglcsi, icsi. Tlis jyots is picscni in ilc lcaii ol cvciy living bcing."
2. Samsaya (doubi): Wlai is ilc jyots dcsciibcd lcic' Is ii ilc ligli ol ilc sun
and oilci luminous objccis, oi is ii ilc Supicmc lialman'
3.Purvapahsa (ilc opposing aigumcni): lccausc ilcic is no mcniion ol
lialman in ilis passagc, ilc woid jyots in ilis icxi musi iclci io ilc ligli ol ilc
sun and oilci luminous objccis.
+. Snanta (Conclusion): Sila Vyasadcva icplics in ilc lollowing sutra.
Sufra 2+
jyots-caranabnnanat
jyotn-oj tnc jyotn; carana-oj tnc jcct, abnnanat bccausc oj tnc mcnton.
lccausc ilc "jyoiis" in ilis icxi is dcsciibcd as laving lcci, (ii musi iclci io ilc
Supicmc lialman).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid jyots lcic slould bc undcisiood io mcan "ilc Supicmc lialman".
Wly' lccausc ilis jyots is dcsciibcd as laving lcci. Tlc Cnanogya Lpansa
(3.12.6) siaics:
ctavan asya manmato jyayams" ca purusan. pao sya sarva-bnutan tr-pa
asyamrtam v
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol gloiy and opulcncc. His onc
looi is all maiciial clcmcnis and all living cniiiics, and His ilicc lcci aic ilc cicinal
spiiiiual woild."
In ilc picviously quoicd icxi ol Cnanogya Lpansa (3.13.7), as wcll as in ilis
icxi liom Cnanogya Lpansa (3.12.6), (wlcic lialman is dcsciibcd as laving
loui lcci), ilc spiiiiual woild is mcniioncd. Alilougl boil icxis aic scpaiaicd by a
liiilc disiancc, ilcy aic biougli iogcilci by joini mcniion ol ilc spiiiiual woild, as
wcll as by usc ol ilc iclaiivc and co-iclaiivc pionouns yat and tat. Ioi ilcsc
icasons ii slould bc undcisiood ilai boil icxis dcsciibc ilc all-powcilul Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ioi ilcsc icasons ilc jyots dcsciibcd in ilis icxi is ilc
all-powcilul Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and noi ilc ligli ol ilc sun and
oilci luminous objccis.
Sufra 25
cnano-bnnanan nct ccn na tatna ccto rpana-ngaat tatna n arsanam
cnanan-oj a mctcr, abnnanat-bccausc oj bcng tnc cscrpton, na-not,
tatna-n tnat vay, cctan-tnc mn, arpana-pIacng, ngaat-bccausc oj tnc
nstructon, tatna n jurtncrmorc, arsanam-IogcaI.
Il somconc wcic io claim: Tlc woid {.sy 16S2)jyoiis" lcic docs noi
iclci io lialman, bui io ilc Gayaii mcici," ilcn I would icply: Tlis is noi iiuc.
Tlc Gayaii mcici is iaugli io assisi mcdiiaiion on lialman. Ioi ilis icason ii is
logical and appiopiiaic io inicipici ilc woid jyoiis io mcan "lialman".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion:Is ii noi iiuc ilai ilc
Vcdic liiciaiuics siaic:

gayatri va am sarvam bnutam ya am hnct
"Gayaii is cvciyiling ilai cxisis."
tam cva bnuta-vah-prtnvi-sarira-nraya-prabncan
"Gayaii is cvciyiling. Gayaii is spcccl, caiil, body, and mind."
casa catus-paa sa-vna gayatri ta cta rcabnyuhtam
"Tlc Gayaii mcici, ol wlicl ilcic aic loui lcci and six vaiiciics, is cxicnsivcly
cmploycd in ilc mantras ol ilc Vcas."
ctavan asya manma
"Gayaii is gloiious."
Ioi ilcsc icasons ii slould bc undcisiood ilai ilc woid jyots in ilc Vcdic
liiciaiuics iclcis io ilc Gayaii maniia. Wly, wiiloui any good icason, do you
insisi ilai ilc woid jyots iclcis io lialman'
To ilis objcciion I icply: Gayaii is a mcici, and ilcicloic ii is noi scnsiblc io
claim ilai ii is cvciyiling, and cvciyiling las cmanaicd liom ii. Ioi ilis icason ii
is only icasonablc io assumc ilai ilc woid jyots in ilis conicxi iclcis io lialman
and noi Gayaii. Wly' lccausc in ilis sutra Sila Vyasadcva siaics: tatna n
arsanam (ilai ilc woid jyots iclcis io lialman is only logical and consisicni.
Any oilci inicipiciaiion is illogical).
Tlc iiuil is ilai ilc Supicmc lialman las incainaicd in ilis woild in ilc loim
ol ilc Gayaii maniia io cnablc ilc living cniiiics io mcdiiaic on Him. Tlis laci is
conliimcd by ilc siaicmcnis ol Vcdic liiciaiuic. Il wc acccpi ilai Gayaii is an
incainaiion ol lialman, ilcn ilc sciipiuial siaicmcni "Gayaii is cvciyiling" is
pcilccily scnsiblc. Oilciwisc, ilc inicipiciaiion wc concoci is illogical and loiccd.
In ilis way wc lavc dcmonsiiaicd ilai ilc Gayaii maniia is an incainaiion ol
lialman.
Sufra 26
bnuta-paa-vyapacsopapattcs cavam
bnuta-tnc Ivng cnttcs, a-bcgnnng vtn, paa-jcct, vyapacsa-oj tnc
statcmcnt, upapattcn-jor tnc rcason, ca-aIso, cvam-n tns vay.
lccausc ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics siaic ilai ilc living cniiiics, (ilcii spcccl, bodics,
and minds aic ilc loui) lcci (ol Gayaii), ii slould bc undcisiood (ilai Gayaii is
an incainaiion ol lialman).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Gayaii slould bc considcicd ilc samc as lialman. Wly' lccausc Gayaii is
dcsciibcd in ilc woids:
tam cva bnuta-vah-prtnvi-sarira-nraya-bncan
"Gayaii is cvciyiling. Tlc loui lcci ol Gayaii aic spcccl, caiil, body, and
mind."
Wiiloui Gayaii bcing an incainaiion ol lialman, ii is noi possiblc loi ilcsc
loui ilings io bc Gayaii's lcci. Ioi ilis icason, as picviously cxplaincd, ii is only
naiuial io inicipici ilc woid "Gayaii" io mcan "lialman". In ilc iwo quoiaiions
liom Vcdic liiciaiuic ilai lavc loimcd ilc basis ol oui discussion, ilc woid yu
(ilc spiiiiual woild) las occuiicd. Tlis appcaiancc ol ilc woid yu in boil
passagcs luiilci conliims ilai ilc ambiguous woids in ilcsc iwo passagcs iclci io
lialman, and noi io somciling clsc.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Tlc woid yu
appcaiing in ilcsc iwo passagcs iclcis io dillcicni ilings.
To answci ilis objcciion, Sila Vyasadcva spcals ilc lollowing sutra.
Sufra 27
upacsa-bncan nct ccn nobnayasmnn apy avronat
upacsa-oj nstructon, bncat-bccausc oj tnc jjcrcncc, na-not, t-tnus,
cct-j, na-not, ubnayasmn-n botn pIaccs, ap-aIso, avronat-bccausc oj non-
contracton.
Tlc objcciion ilai bccausc ilc iwo sciipiuial passagcs cmploy ilc woid "dyu"
in iwo dillcicni cascs (locaiivc and ablaiivc), ilcicloic ilcy dcsciibc iwo dillcicni
objccis, wlicl cannoi boil bc lialman, is noi a valid objcciion. Tlc usc ol ilc
iwo dillcicni causcs docs noi mcan ilai ilc iwo passagcs musi dcsciibc iwo
dillcicni ilings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi so ilai iwo
coniiadicioiy dcsciipiions ol lialman aic lound in ilc sciipiuics' In onc placc
ilc sciipiuics siaic:
tr-paasyamrtam v
"Tlc cicinal Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad icsidcs in ilc spiiiiual woild,
wlicl consiiiuics ilicc-quaiicis ol all cxisicncc."
In anoilci placc ilc sciipiuics siaic:
paro van
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad icsidcs on iop ol ilc spiiiiual woild."
In ilc liisi quoiaiion ilc spiiiiual woild was placcd in ilc locaiivc casc. Sincc
ilis is so, boil passagcs coniiadici cacl oilci, Tlcy dcsciibc iwo dillcicni objccis,
onc wiilin ilc spiiiiual woild, and ilc oilci abovc ii.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Wly do you say ilis' loil passagcs iclci io ilc samc
objcci. Tlc uscs ol ilc locaiivc and ablaiivc cascs in ilcsc quoiaiions docs noi
picscni a coniiadiciion. loi cxamplc, in ilc maiciial woild a paiioi may bc said io
bc "in" a iicc oi "on" ii. Tlcic is no ical dillcicncc in ilc iwo siaicmcnis. In ilc
samc way ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad may bc said io bc "in" ilc spiiiiual
woild oi "on" ii. Tlcic is no ical dillcicncc.
Adhikarana 11
The Word "Prana" Refers fo Brahman
1. Visaya (Siaicmcni): In ilc Kausitahi Pranmana, Piaiaidana, ilc son ol
Malaiaja Divodasa, was ablc, by viiiuc ol His clivaliy and lcioism, io cnici ilc
lavoiiic icsidcncc ol Malaiaja India. Wlcn India gianicd Piaiaidana a
bcncdiciion, and Piaiaidana icqucsicd India cloosc ilc bcncdiciion lc was io
givc, India insiiucicd Piaiaidana in ilc lollowing woids:
prano sm prajnatma tam mam ayur-amrtam upasasva
"I am prana. An iniclligcni pcison will woislip mc as ilc gicai immoiial
pcison."
2. Samsaya (doubi): Wlo is ilis pcison namcd prana' Is lc an individual spiiii
soul, oi is Hc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo icsidcs in cvciyonc's lcaii
as ilc Supcisoul'
3. Purvapahsa (ilc opposing aigumcni): Tlc woids "india" and prana lcic iclci
io a spccilic individual spiiii soul. Wlcn piaiaidana inquiicd, India icplicd by
saying ilc woislip ol India was ilc mosi bcnclicial aciiviiy loi ilc living cniiiics.
+. Snanta (conclusion): Sila Vyasadcva icsponds io ilis aigumcni in ilc
lollowing sutra.
Sufra 28
pranas tatnanugamat
pranan-tnc vor prana; tatna-n tnc samc vay, anugamat-bccausc oj tnc
contcxt.
Tlc woid "piana" (slould bc undcisiood io iclci io lialman) bccausc ol ilc
conicxi ol ii's usc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc prana lcic musi iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is
picscni in cvciyonc's lcaii as ilc Supcisoul. Prana lcic cannoi iclci io ilc
individual spiiii soul. Wly' Sila Vyasadcva cxplains: tatnanugamat (bccausc ol
ilc conicxi). Tlc prana dcsciibcd lcic is iniclligcncc, ilc scll, and iiansccndcnial
bliss. Hc is licc liom old-agc and dcail. Tlcsc aiiiibuics clcaily indicaic ilai ilc
woid prana lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi iiuc ilai io
inicipici ilc woid prana lcic is mcan Pranman is vciy inappiopiiaic' Malaiaja
India is spcaling, and lc says prano sm (I am prana). Tlc spcalci is Malaiaja
India, and lc clcaily iclcis io limscll. Hc ilcn piocccds io luiilci idcniily
limscll, saying: tr-srsanam tvastram ananam arunmuhnan rsin saIavrhcbnyan
prayaccnan (I lillcd Viiiasuia, ilc ilicc-lcadcd son ol Tvasia, and I gavc ilc
Aiunmulla sagcs io ilc salavilas). All ilis slows ilai ilc India dcsciibcd lcic is
an individual spiiii soul wlo adviscs ilc living cniiiics io woislip lim. Lvcn
ilougl ai ilc cnd ol ilis passagc prana is dcsciibcd as anana (iiansccndcnial
bliss), ilis also is noi inconsisicni, bccausc ilc iiansccndcnial gloiics ol ilc
individual spiiii souls aic also dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics. In laci, wlcn
India says lc is prana and cvciyonc slould woislip lim, lc iclcis io limscll, ilc
individual spiiii soul India. India's siaicmcni may bc compaicd io ilc advicc ol
ilc Vcdic liiciaiuic: vacam ncnum upasita (Onc slould woislip ilc goddcss ol
spcccl jusi as onc woislips ilc cow). lccausc Malaiaja India is ilc siiongcsi ol
living cniiiics, and bccausc siicngil is idcniilicd wiil ilc living-loicc (prana), lc
idcniilics limscll wiil ilai prana. Tlis is pcilccily in accoid wiil ilc siaicmcni ol
Vcdic liiciaiuic: prano va baIam (ilc living-loicc is siicngil). In ilis way ii slould
bc undcisiood ilai ilc woids prana and nra lcic iclci io a spccilic individual
spiiii soul.
Sila Vyasadcva icluics ilis aigumcni in ilc ncxi sutra.
Sufra 29
na vahtur atmopacsa t cc anyatma-sambanna-bnuma ny asmn
na-not, vahtun-oj tnc spcahcr, atma-oj tnc scIj, upacsat-bccausc oj tnc
nstructon, t-tnus, cct-j, anyatma-to tnc Suprcmc PcrsonaIty oj Gonca,
sambanna rcjcrcnccs, bnuma-abunancc, n-ncc, asmn-n tns Lpansa.
Il ii is said ilai ilc spcalci lcic iclcis io limscll, I say ilai is noi iiuc. In ilis
passagc ilcic aic many iclcicnccs io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis sutra ilc woid anyatma-sambanna mcans "wiil iclcicncc io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad", and ilc woid bnuma mcans "abundancc". In
ilis clapici ol Kausitahi Lpansa ilc woid prana icpcaicdly appcais in vaiious
conicxis wlcic ii musi unavoidably bc inicipicicd io mcan "ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Ioi cxamplc:
1. Wlcn Piaiaidana aslcd loi ilc mosi bcnclicial gili, oi in oilci woids
libciaiion, India icplicd icplicd by saying "Woislip mc as prana." In ilis conicxi
prana musi mcan "ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad", loi only Hc can giani
libciaiion.
2. Tlc Upanisad cxplains:
csa cva sanu harma harayat
"Prana bcsiows upon ilc living cniiiy ilc powci io aci wondcilully."
Tlis musi iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc supicmc coniiollci,
and noi io ilc iiny dcmigod India.
3. Tlc Upanisad also cxplains:
iad yaila iailasyaicsu ncmii aipiia nablavaia aipiia cvam cvaiia bluia-maiial.
piajna-maiiasv aipiial. piajna-maiial pianc 'ipiial.
"Jusi as in a claiioi wlccl ilc iim icsis on ilc spolcs, and ilc spolcs on ilc
lub, in ilc samc way ilc maiciial clcmcnis icsi on prajna (iniclligcncc), and
prajna icsis on prana."

Tlis quoic siaics ilai cvciyiling scniicni and inscniicni is mainiaincd by
prana.
+. Tlc Lpansa also cxplains:
sa csa prana cva prajnatmanano jaro mrtan. csa Iohanpatr csa sarvcsvaran
"Prana is ilc Supcisoul picscni in all living cniiics. Prana is ilc iiansccndcnial
bliss. Prana icmains cicinally uniouclcd by old-agc and dcail. Prana is ilc masici
ol all living cniiiics and all plancis. Prana is ilc Supicmc Coniiollci."
lccausc prana is iiansccndcnial bliss and las ilc vaiious qualiiiics dcsciibcd
lcic, ilc woid prana in ilis conicxi can iclci only io ilc Supicmc lialman, ilc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is picscni in ilc lcaiis ol all living cniiiics as ilc
Supcisoul. Tlc woid prana lcic cannoi possibly iclci io anyonc clsc.
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi so ilai India
diiccily dcsciibcs limscll as prana. Wly docs lc do ilis il youi inicipiciaiion ilai
prana mcans "Supicmc lialman" is coiicci'
Sila Vyasadcva answcis ilis objcciion in ilc lollowing sutra.
Sufra 30
sastra-rstya tupacso vamacvavat
sastra-oj scrpturc, rstya-jrom tnc vcvpont, tu-but, upacsan-nstructon,
vamacva-Vamacva, vat-Ihc.
India spcals in ilis way (idcniilying limscll wiil lialman) in accoidancc wiil
ilc icacling ol Vcdic liiciaiuic. Hc docs ilis jusi as ilc sagc Vamadcva also did.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid tu (bui) is uscd lcic io icmovc doubi. Lvcn ilougl India was
pcilccily awaic ilai lc was an individual spiiii soul and noi ilc Supicmc
lialman, lc siill said, "Woislip mc, lnowing mc io bc lialman", and ilis
siaicmcni is aciually pcilccily coiicci accoiding io ilc plilosoply ol Vcdic
liiciaiuic. Ii is noi uniiuc. Ioi cxamplc, ilc Cnanogya Lpansa siaics:
na va vaco na cahsums na srotran na manamsity acahsatc prana ty cvacahsatc
prano ny cvatan sarvan bnavant
"Tlc scnscs aic noi piopcily callcd voiccs', cycs', cais', and minds'. Tlc
piopci namc loi ilcm all is prana. Lvciyiling ilai is cxisis is prana."
lccausc prana mainiains ilcii aciiviiics, ilc scnscs aic idcniilicd as prana. Tlc
lcaincd, scll-icalizcd spcalci, India, wisling io icacl lis lumblc, wcll-bclavcd
siudcni, insiiucicd lim: "I am ilai prana." Tlis mcans ilai India is dcpcndcni on
prana, oi lialman, noi ilai lc is idcniical wiil lialman in all icspccis.
Tlc cxamplc ol Vamadcva is lound in ilc lollowing passagc ol Prna-aranyaha
Lpansa (1.+.10):
ta vatat pasyan nrsr vamacvan pratpac anam manur abnavam suryas ca
"Sccing ilis, ilc sagc Vamadcva icpcaicd ai cvciy momcni:I was Manu. I was
ilc sun-god.'"
Hcic Vamadcva idcniilics limscll wiil Manu and ilc sun-god bccausc ilc
Supicmc lialman is ilc coniiollci wlo gianis powcis io Vamadcva, Manu, and
ilc sun-god. lccausc ilcy all obiain ilcii powcis liom ilc Supicmc lialman, in
onc scnsc, ilcy aic all onc. Tlc Supicmc lialman is all-pcivading. Hc is, in onc
scnsc, onc wiil cvciyiling ilai is pcivadcd by Him. Tlis conliimcd by ilc
lollowing siaicmcnis ol smrt-sastra:
yo yam tavagato cva-samipam cvata-ganan sa tvam cva jagat-srasta yatan
sarva-gato bnavan
"Wlocvci comcs bcloic You, bc lc a dcmigod, is cicaicd by You, O Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
-Vsnu Purana 1.9.69
sarvam samapnos tato s sarvam
"You aic all-pcivading, and ilus you aic cvciyiling."
-Pnagava-gita 11.+0
In oidinaiy usagc also, wlcn ilcic is a gicai asscmbly in a cciiain placc, pcoplc
call ilai oncncss, bccausc ilcic is uniiy ol placc, and also wlcn ilcic is agiccmcni
ol opinion, ilai is also callcd oncncss. Ioi cxamplc, ii is said: "In ilc cvcning ilc
scaiicicd cows asscmblc in onc placc and ilus aiiain oncncss," and "Tlc dispuiing
monaicls linally agiccd and bccamc onc in ilcii opinion."
Ai ilis poini somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Is ii noi so ilai
alilougl ilcic aic many passagcs indicaiing ilai ilc woid prana in ilis passagc
iclcis io lialman, siill ilcic aic many oilci passagcs ilai dcmonsiiaic ilai ii is
noi possiblc loi ilc woid prana io iclci lialman. Somc cxamplcs aic:
na vacam vjjnasta vahtaram vyat
"Do noi iiy io undcisiand ilc mcaning ol a siaicmcni wiiloui liisi
undcisianding wlo las spolcn ii."
-Kausitahi Lpansa (3.S)
tr-srsanam tvastram ananam
"I am ilc India wlo lillcd Viiiasuia, ilc ilicc-lcadcd son ol Tvasia."
Tlcsc iwo quoiaiions clcaily idcniily ilai ilc spcalci ol ilc passagc in
qucsiion was ilc dcmigod India, wlo is an individual spiiii soul.
Tlai ilc woid prana iclcis io ilc lilc-loicc, oi bicail wiilin ilc body, is
conliimcd by ilc lollowing sciipiuial siaicmcnis:
yava asmn sarirc prano vasat tava ayur atna hnaIu prana cva prajnatma am
sariram pargrnyottnapayat
"As long as prana icmains wiilin ii, ilc body is alivc. Prana is ilc conscious
spiiii soul. Prana giasps ilis maiciial body, and malcs ii iisc up and movc aboui."
-Kausitahi Lpansa (2.2-3)
yo va pranan sa prajna ya prajna sa pranan. sa na ny ctav asmn sarirc vasatan.
sanothramatc.
"Prana is ilc samc as prajna (consciousncss). Prajna is ilc samc as prana.
Togcilci ilcy icsidc in ilc maiciial body. Ai ilc lasi momcni ilcy boil lcavc ilc
body iogcilci."
-Kausitahi Lpansa
Tlcsc quoiaiions clcaily slow ilai ii is noi impossiblc io inicipici ilc woid
prana in ilis conicxi io mcan "ilc individual spiiii soul" oi "living loicc". Tlc
sciipiuics icacl us ilai boil aic aciually idcniical, ilc living loicc bcing ilc aciivc
cxpicssion ol ilc inaciivc spiiii-soul.
In ilis way ii is valid io inicipici ilc woid prana in ilicc ways: 1. ilc
individual spiiii soul; 2. tnc Ivng-jorcc, an 3. tnc Suprcmc Pranman. 1nc vor
prana lcic iclcis io all ilicc. All ilicc aic woislipablc loi ilc living cniiiics.
Sila Vyasadcva icluics ilis aigumcni in ilc lollowing sutra.
Sufra 31
jiva-muhnya-prana-Ingan nct ccn nopasya-travnya asrtatva na ta-yogat
jiva-ol ilc individual spiiii soul; muhnya-tnc prmary, prana-living loicc;
Ingat-tnc sgns, na-not, t-tnus, cct j, na-not, upasya-vorsnpabIc,
tavnyat-bccausc oj bcng tncrc, asrtatvat-bccausc oj tahng sncItcr, na-ncrc,
tat-yogat-bccausc oj appropratcncss.
Il somconc says ilc woid "piana" also iclcis io ilc individual spiiii soul and
ilc piimaiy living-loicc in addiiion io iclciiing io lialman, ilcn I icply ilai sucl
an inicipiciaiion is noi coiicci. Il ilc woid "piana" iclciicd io all ilicc, ilcn all
ilicc would bc woislipablc. Tlis vicw is noi coiicci, bccausc nciilci logic noi ilc
auiloiiiy ol sciipiuic suppoii ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Somconc may say ilai ilc naiuial lcaiuics ol ilc individual spiiii soul and ilc
living-loicc aic sucl ilai ilcy aic piopci objccis ol woislip. To ilis I icply: Tlis
is noi iiuc. Wly' Ioi ilcn ilcic would bc ilicc objccis ol woislip. Wlcn India
says, "Woislip mc as prana," lc uscs only onc scnicncc. Tlc iulcs ol ilcioiic
dcmand ilai a scnicncc lavc only onc coiicci inicipiciaiion, and ilcicloic il wc
say ilai ilc woid prana lcic iclcis io ilicc dillcicni objccis, wc slall bical ilai
iulc. Tlis is ilc iiuc mcaning: Tlcic aic ilicc possiblc ways io inicipici ilc
mcaning ol prana in ilis conicxi: 1. Talc all ilcsc passagcs, including wlai
diiccily mcniions lialman, as iclciiing io ilc individual spiiii soul and living-
loicc; 2. Talc ilcsc passagcs as iclciiing somc io ilc individual soul and living-
loicc, and somc io lialman. and 3. Talc ilcsc passagcs as all iclciiing io
lialman. Tlc liisi possibiliiy las alicady bccn clcaily icluicd, Tlc sccond
possibliiy is noi vciy acccpiablc, loi ii iccommcnds ilai ilcic aic ilicc disiinci
objccis ol woislip. Sila Vyasadcva says ilc iliid possibiliiy is aciually logical
bccausc asrtatvat (ilis vicw is suppoiicd by ilc siaicmcnis ol Vcdic liiciaiuic).
Wc may scc ilai many passagcs in Vcdic liiciaiuic ilai sccm io iclci io ilc
individual spiiii soul oi ilc living loicc, in laci iclci io lialman.
Il ai ilis poini somconc wcic io objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai in ilis passagc ilc
naiuial scnsc ol ilc woids suppoiis ilc inicipiciaiions ol ilc individual spiiii
soul and ilc living loicc'" I would icply by saying: In ilis passagc ilc woislip ol
prana is dcsciibcd as ilc mosi bcnclicial aciiviiy loi ilc living cniiiics. Ioi ilis
icason ilc inicipiciaiion ol ilc Supicmc lialman is logical. Ioi ilis icason Sila
Vyasadcva siaics in ilc sutra, ta-yogat (bccausc ilis is logical).
Somconc may ilcn objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai ilc
prana and prajna boil icsidc wiilin ilc body ol ilc individual spiiii soul, and also
lcavc ilai body iogcilci ai ilc iimc ol dcail' How is ilis possiblc il you say ilai
prana mcans "lialman"'
To ilis objcciion I icply: lialman is picscni in ilc body ol ilc individual spiiii
soul in iwo ways: as hrya-saht (ilc poicncy ol aciion), wlicl is also lnown as
prana, and as jnana-salii (ilc poicncy ol lnowlcdgc), wlicl is also lnown as
prajna. loil aic manilcsicd liom lialman. Tlcsc iwo poicncics icmain wiilin ilc
body ol ilc individual spiiii soul, and also lcavc ii iogcilci ai ilc iimc ol dcail.
Anoilci objcciion may bc iaiscd in ilc lollowing woids: Is ii noi iiuc ilai
prana and ilc oilci woids you claim aic namcs ol ilc Supicmc lialman aic all
aciually adjcciivcs, and ilcicloic cannoi lunciion as namcs'
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlis noi iiuc. Tlcsc woids aic simuliancously
adjcciivcs and nouns. Wlcn India says prano sm prajnatma (I am prana, prajna,
and atma), lc uscs ilcsc woids as nouns. Ioi ilcsc icasons prana, prajna, and
oilci woids uscd by India slould bc undcisiood io iclci io lialman.
Ai ilis poini a luiilci objcciion may bc iaiscd: Is ii noi iiuc ilai in ilc
bcginning you adcquaicly dcmonsiiaicd ilai ilc woid prana iclcis io lialman'
Mosi ol youi aigumcnis aic icdundani.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlis is noi iiuc. In ilc bcginning I dispcllcd ilc
doubis ilai may lavc aiiscn in icgaid io ilc singlc woid prana ialcn by iiscll.
Alici ilai I discusscd ilc woid prana in iclaiion io a spccilic quoiaiion, wlcic ii
was iclaicd wiil oilci woids, sucl as anana, and in ilis discussion I
dcmonsiiaicd ilai ilc woid prana was uscd ilcic in sucl a way ilai ii could only
bc undcisiood io mcan lialman, and noi ilc individual spiiii soul, oi anyiling
clsc. Ioi ilis icason I lavc discusscd ilis spccilic passagc ol Kausitahi Lpansa
scpaiaicly.
Pada 2
Adhikarana 1
The Word "Manomaya" Refers fo Brahman
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
manomayabnn saban
svarupam yasya hirtyatc
nrayc spnuratu sriman
mamasau syamasunaran
In ilc Iiisi Pada ol ilis clapici ii was said ilai onc slould inquiic aboui ilc
Supicmc lialman, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc cicaioi ol all
univciscs. Cciiain woids uscd in Vcdic liiciaiuic wcic also clcaily slown io iclci
io ilai Supicmc lialman. In ilc Sccond and Tliid Padas ii will bc dcmonsiiaicd
ilai cciiain oilci woids, alilougl lcss clcaily iclaicd io lialman, also dcsciibc
Him.
In ilc Cnanogya Lpansa, SanIya-vya (3.1+.1) ilc lollowing cxplanaiion is
givcn:
sarvam hnaIv am branma taj jaIan t santa upasita. atna hnaIu hratumayan
purusan. yatna hratur asmn Iohc puruso bnavat tatnctan prctya bnavat. sa hratum
hurvita. manomayan prana-sariro bna-rupan satya-sanhaIpa ahasatma sarva-harma
sarva-haman sarva-gannan sarva-rasan sarvam am abnyato avahyan aaran.
"Lvciyiling is lialman. Iiom Him cvciyiling las comc. Tlc pcacclul sagc
slould woislip lialman wiil ilis idca. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
ilc aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc. Wlcn dcvoiional scivicc is pciloimcd in ilis
woild ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is picscni. As onc pciloims dcvoiional
scivicc in ilis lilc lc will aiiain an appiopiiaic body alici dcail. Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lnown by ilosc wlosc minds aic puic. Hc is ilc
coniiollci ol all lilc. Hc is cllulgcni and gloiious. His cvciy dcsiic is auiomaiically
lullillcd. Hc is all-pcivading. Hc is ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol cvciyiling. Hc lullills all
dcsiics. Hc posscsscs all plcasani liagianccs. Hc is all swccincss. Hc is picscni
cvciywlcic. Hc cannoi bc dcsciibcd in woids. Hc cannoi bc lnown."
Samsaya: Do ilc adjcciivcs (bcginning wiil manomaya) in ilis passagc dcsciibc
ilc jiva oi ilc Paiamaima'
Purvapahsa: Tlc woids manan and prana lcic appiopiiaicly dcsciibc ilc jiva.
Tlc Munaha Lpansa (2.1.2) cxplains: aprano ny amanan subnran (Tlc splcndid
Supicmc Pcison las nciilci bicail noi mind). lccausc ilis passagc liom ilc
Cnanogya Lpansa coniiadicis ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc Supicmc Loid in ilis way,
ii slould bc undcisiood io iclci io ilc jiva. Tlc opcning woids sarvam hnaIv am
branma (Lvciyiling is lialman) do noi ncccssaiily mcan ilai ilc cniiic passagc
lollowing ilcm aic aboui lialman, bui aic mcicly spolcn so ilai ilc woislipci
may bccomc pcacclul. Tlc icacling ilcic is ilai bccausc lialman is cvciyiling
onc slould bccomc pcacclul. Tlc icsi ol ilc passagc slould ilcn bc undcisiood io
iclci io ilc jiva and ilc woid branma ai ilc cnd ol ilc passagc slould also bc
undcisiood io iclci io ilc jiva.
Snanta: Tlc piopci conclusion is:
Sufra 1
sarvatra prasnopacsat
sarvatra-cvcryvncrc, prasna-ccIcbratc, upacsat-bccausc oj tnc tcacnng.
(Tlc woid "manomaya" lcic iclcis io ilc Paiamaima) bccausc (in ilis passagc)
ilc lamous (aiiiibuics ol ilc Paiamaima as aic iaugli) cvciywlcic (in Vcdania
liiciaiuic aic) dcsciibcd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis passagc dcsciibcs ilc Paiamaima and noi ilc jiva. Wly' lccausc ilc
qualiiics ilai bclong only io ilc Paiamaima, bcginning wiil His bcing ilc cicaioi
ol ilc maiciial univciscs, and wlicl aic dcsciibcd cvciywlcic (saravatra) in
Vcdania liiciaiuic, aic mcniioncd in ilis passagc in ilc pliasc taj-jaIan and oilci
pliascs and woids also.
Alilougl ilc opcning woids ol ilis passagc (sarvam hnaIv am branma) aic
noi inicndcd io icacl aboui lialman bui io involc pcacclulncss, ilc woid
manomaya dcliniicly dcsciibcs ilc Supicmc lialman. Tlc woid hratu mcans
"dcvoiional scivicc" and manomaya mcans "Hc wlo can by undcisiood by a puic
mind." Tlc Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (+.+.19) cxplains manasavanurastavyam
(Hc may bc sccn by a puic mind). Tlc passagc yato vaca nvartantc aprapyo manasa
sana (Tlc Supicmc cannoi bc dcsciibcd in woids oi undcisiood by ilc mind)
mcans ilc loolisl cannoi undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and
cvcn ilc wiscsi sagcs cannoi undcisiand Him complcicly.
Tlc woid prana-sarira (lilc-body) mcans {.sy 16S)Hc wlo is ilc coniiollci ol
lilc." Somc also inicipici ilis woid io mcan "Hc wlosc iiansccndcnial loim is
mosi dcai." Tlc woids aprano ny amanan (Hc las nciilci bicail noi mind) may
mcan ciilci ilai Hc is supicmcly indcpcndcni and docs noi nccd bicail oi mind,
oi ii may mcan ilai lc docs noi posscss maiciial bicail oi maiciial mind. Tlc
srut-sastra cxplains manovan (Tlc Supicmc las a spiiiiual mind) and ania-vatam
(Tlc Supicmc las spiiiiual bicail).
Oilci sciipiuial passagcs also siaic ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
dcsciibcd by ilc woid manomaya. Somc ol ilcsc passagcs lollow.
manomayan prana-sarira-ncta
"Hc is undcisiood by ilc puic mind (manomaya). Hc is ilc guidc ol ilc body
and scnscs."
-Munaha Lpansa 2.2.7
sa cso ntar-nraya ahasas tasmnn ayam puruso manomayo mrtamayo
nranmayan
"Tlc goldcn Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is lull ol ncciai, and wlo is
lnown by ilc puic mind (manomaya), icsidcs in ilc sly ol ilc lcaii."
-1attriya Lpansa 1.6.1
nra manisa manasabnhIpto ya cta vur amrtas tc bnavant
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lnown by ilcy wlo lavc a puic lcaii
and a puic mind. Tlcy wlo lnow Him in ilis way bccomc licc liom dcail."
-Katna Lpansa 7.9
pranasya pranan
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc lilc ol all lilc."
-Prna-aranyaha Lpansa +.+.1S
Sufra 2
vvahsta-gunopapattcs ca
vvahsta-vsnc to bc sa, guna-quaItcs, upapattcn-bccausc oj bcng
appropratc, ca-an.
Tlc woid "manomaya" lcic musi iclci io lialman) bccausc ilc qualiiics
(givcn lcic) mosi appiopiiaicly dcsciibc lialman.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Manomaya (lnowablc by ilc puic mind), prana-sarira (ilc coniiollci ol lilc),
bna-rupa (cllulgcni and gloiious) and ilc oilci qualiiics mcniioncd lcic aic
appiopiiaic loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bui noi ai all loi ilc jiva.
Sufra 3
anupapattcs tu na sariran
anupapattcn-bccausc oj nappropratcncss, tu-ncc, na-not, sariran-tnc
jiva.
(Tlc woid "manomaya" lcic) cannoi iclci io ilc jva bccausc ilc qualiiics
(dcsciibcd in ilis passagc) cannoi bc aiiiibuicd io lim.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc manomaya lci cannoi iclci io ilc jiva bccausc ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc
qualiiics dcsciibcd lcic iclci io ilc iiny, glowwoim-lilc jiva.
Sufra +
harma-hartr-vyapacsac ca
harma-objcct, hartr-agcnt, vyapacsat-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt, ca-aIso.
And bccausc ilc disiinciion is diawn lcic bciwccn ilc agcni and ilc objcci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wiil ilc woids (Prna-aranyaha Lpansa 3.1+.+) ctam tan
prctyabnsambnavtasm (Alici dcail I will aiiain Him) ai ilc cnd ilc manomaya is
clcaily dcsignaicd as ilc objcci ol ilc scnicncc and ilc jiva, wiil ilc woids
abnsambnavtasm (I will aiiain) is clcaily idcniilicd as ilc agcni. Tlcicloic ilc
manomaya, bcing ilc objcci, musi bc dillcicni liom ilc jiva, wlicl is ilc agcni.
Tlc manomaya musi ilcicloic bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc woid
abnsambnavtasm lcic dcsciibcs mcciing. Tlc jiva mccis ilc Supicmc Loid as a
gicai iivci mccis ilc occan.
Sufra 5
saba-vscsat
saba-vors, vscsat-bccausc oj tnc jjcrcncc.
(Tlc woid "manomaya" lcic cannoi iclci io ilc jva bccausc ilc woids aic in
dillcicni cascs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc icxi says (Cnanogya Lpansa 3.1+.3) csa ma atmantar-nrayc (Hc is
wiilin my lcaii). In ilcsc woids ilc dcvoicc jiva is placcd in ilc gcniiivc casc and
ilc objcci ol lis woislip is placcd in ilc nominaiivc casc. lccausc ilc jiva and ilc
objcci ol lis woislip aic in dillcicni cascs ilcy musi bc iwo disiinci pcisons.
Tlcicloic ilc manomaya lcic musi bc ilc woislipablc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, wlo is dillcicni liom ilc dcvoicc jiva.
Sufra 6
smrtcs ca
smrtcn-bccausc oj tnc smrt-sastra; ca-aIso.
And bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni ol smiii-sasiia also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is dillcicni liom ilc jiva is also
conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Pnagava-gita (1S.61):
isvaran sarva-bnutanam
nr-cs/c rjuna tstnat
bnramayan sarva-bnutan
yantrarunan mayaya
"Tlc Supicmc Loid is siiuaicd in cvciyonc's lcaii, O Aijuna, and is diicciing
ilc wandciings ol all living cniiiics, wlo aic scaicd as on a maclinc, madc ol ilc
maiciial cncigy."
Somconc may objcci: Tlc Cnanogya Lpansa (3.1+.3) dcsciibcs ilc
manomaya in ilc lollowing woids: csa ma atmantar-nrayc niyan vrir ncva yava va
(In my lcaii is ilc Scll, smallci ilan a giain ol iicc oi bailcy). Tlis icxi slows ilai
bccausc ii is vciy iiny ilc manomaya musi bc ilc jiva and cannoi bc ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Sufra 7
arbnahauhastvat ta-vyapacsac ca nct ccn na ncayyatva cvam vyomavac ca
arbnaha-smaII, ohastvat-bccausc oj tnc rcscncc, tat-oj tnat, vyapacsat-
bccausc oj tnc tcacnng, ca-an, na-not, t-tnus, cct-j, na-not, ncayyatvat-
bccausc oj mctaton, cvam-n tns vay, vyomavat-Ihc tnc shy, ca-aIso.
Il ii bc said ilai ilc woid "manomaya" lcic cannoi iclci io lialman bccausc
lcic ii is said ilai ilc icsidcncc ol "manomaya" is vciy iiny, ilcn I say no bccausc
lialman slould bc mcdiiaicd on in ilis way and bccausc in ilc samc passagc ilc
"manomaya" is said io bc as gicai as ilc sly.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ioi ilcsc iwo icasons ii cannoi bc said ilai ilc manomaya is noi ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis passagc liom Cnanogya Lpansa ilc manomaya is
said io bc gicaici ilai ilc cniiic Laiil planci. Tlc icxi says jyayan antarihsat (Hc
is gicaici ilan ilc sly). lccausc ilc Supicmc lialman is all-pcivading ilc woid
vyomavat (lilc ilc sly) is uscd in ilis sutra.
How may ilcsc iwo siaicmcnis (ilai lialman is vciy small and vciy gicai) bc
icconcilcd' To answci ilis qucsiion lc says ncayyatva cvam (lccausc lialman
slould bc mcdiiaicd on in ilis way). Tlis mcans ilai ii is said ilai lialman is
vciy small so Hc may bccomc ilc objcci ol mcdiiaiion. Tlis mcans ilai wlcn in
ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics ii is said ilai ilc inliniic, all-pcivading Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad is as small as ilc disiancc bcwiccn ilc ilumb and loiclingci oi somc
oilci vciy small disiancc, in somc insianccs ii is mcani io bc ialcn liguiaiivcly and
in oilci placcs liicially. In ilc liisi insiancc (liguiaiivcly) ilc dcvoicc mcdiiaics on
ilc Loid in lis lcaii and in ilc sccond (liicially) by His inconccivablc poicncics,
ilc Loid pcisonally appcais in ilc lcaii oui ol lindncss io His dcvoicc. Alilougl
ilc Supicmc Loid las only onc oiiginal loim, Hc siill manilcsis in many dillcicni
loims io His dcvoiccs. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc smrt-sastra in ilc woids cho p san
banuna yo vabnat (Alilougl Hc is onc Hc manilcsis in many loims). lccausc ol
His inconccivablc poicncy ilc Supicmc Loid, alilougl Hc is all-pcivading, may
bccomc as small as an aiom. Tlis will bc dcsciibcd (laici in ilis bool) in ilc
scciion (Suiia 25) dcsciibing Vaisvanaia. In ilis way wlcn ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is manilcsicd in a vciy small loim, as ilc sizc ol an aiom
oi ilc disiancc bciwccn ilc ilumb and loiclingci, ilai vciy small sizc is picscni
cvciywlcic, so in ilis way also ilc Supicmc Loid is all-pcivading.
Somconc may objcci: Il ilc Paiamaima is ilcn also picscni wiilin ilc maiciial
body jusi as ilc jiva is, ilcn, bccausc ol His coniaci wiil ilc body ilc Paiamaima
musi also lccl all ilc plcasuics and sullciings ol ilc body jusi as ilc jiva docs. To
answci ilis lc says:
Sufra 8
sambnoga-praptr t ccn na vascsyat
sambnoga-oj cnjoymcnt, praptr-attanmcnt, t-tnus, cct-j, na-not,
vascsyat-bccausc oj tnc jjcrcncc.
Il ii is said ilai (ilc Paiamaima in ilc lcaii also) cxpciicnccs (ilc pains and)
plcasuics (ol ilc maiciial body), ilcn I say no bccausc ilcic is a gicai dillcicncc
(bciwccn Him and ilc jva.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc woid sambnoga ilc piclix sam mcans "wiil" as ii also docs in ilc woid
samvaa (wiil+woids=convcisaiion). Tlcicloic ilis sutra siaics ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad docs noi cnjoy wiil (ilc jiva). Wly' lccausc ilcic is a
dillcicncc bciwccn ilcm. Tlis is ilc mcaning: mcic coniaci wiil a cciiain body
docs noi by iiscll biing sullciing and cnjoymcni. lcing undci ilc dominion ol
harma is ilc ical causc ol maiciial sullciing and cnjoymcni. Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is noi undci ilc powci ol ilc law ol harma. Tlis is
dcsciibcd in ilc Munaha Lpansa (3.1.1): anasnann anyo bncahasit (Two biids
sii in ilc mciaploiical iicc ol ilc maiciial body. Onc biid cais. Tlc oilci biid
docs noi cai, bui only lools) and in ilc Pnagava-gita (+.1+), wlcic Loid Kisna
says: na mam harman Impant na mc harma-pnaIc sprna (Tlcic is no woil ilai
allccis mc; noi do I aspiic loi ilc liuiis ol aciion).
Adhikarana 2
The Eafer is Brahman
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vsaya: Tlc Katna Lpansa (1.2.25) says:
yasya branma ca hsatram ca
ubnc bnavatan oanan
mrtyur yasyopasccanam
ha ttna vca yatra san
"Tlcic is a pcison loi wlom ilc branmanas and hsatryas aic lood and dcail is
ilc saucc. Wlo lnows wlcic ilis pcison is'"
Samsaya: Hcic ilc woids oana (lood) and upasccana (saucc) indicaic an caici.
Wlo is ilc caici' Is ii liic, ilc jiva, oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Purvapahsa: lccausc ilcic is noiling spccilic io slow ilai ol ilcsc ilicc liic is
noi ilc caici, and bccausc ilc qucsiions and answcis in ilis passagc sccm io
indicaic liic, and bccausc ilc Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (1.+.6) dcclaics agnr
annaan (Iiic is ilc caici), ilcicloic liic is ilc caici in ilis passagc.
Oi pcilaps ilc jiva is ilc caici lcic bccausc caiing is an aciion and ilc jiva
pciloims aciions alilougl ilc Supicmc docs noi pciloim any aciions. Tlis is also
conliimcd by ilc srut-sastra (Munaha Lpansa 3.1.1 and Katna Lpansa 3.1)
wlicl dcsciibcs an caici accompanicd by a non-caici wlo simply lools: tayor
anyan pappaIam (Two liicndly biids sii on a iicc. Onc cais ilc pppaIa liuii and ilc
oilci docs noi cai bui only lools). Iiom all ilis ii may bc undcisiood ilai ilc
caici lcic is ilc jiva.
Snanta: Tlc piopci undcisianding lollows.
Sufra 9
atta caracara-grananat
atta-tnc catcr, cara-tnc movng, acara-an tnc non-movng, grananat-bccausc
oj tahng.
Tlc caici (is lialman) bccausc Hc ialcs ilc moving and non-moving (as His
lood).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc caici is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wly' lccausc ol ilc woids
caracara-grananat (lccausc Hc ialcs ilc moving and non-moving as His lood). In
ilis passagc (Katna Lpansa 1.2.25) ilc woids branma hsatram indicaic ilc cniiic
univcisc, wlicl is ilcn spiinllcd wiil ilc saucc ol dcail and caicn. Tlis passagc
musi iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad loi no onc oilci ilan Hc can
cai ilc cniiic univcisc. A saucc is somciling wlicl, wlilc bcing caicn iiscll is ilc
causc ol oilci ilings bcing caicn also. Tlc caiing ol ilc cniiic univcisc spiinllcd
wiil ilc saucc ol dcail musi iclci io ilc pciiodic dcsiiuciion ol ilc maiciial
univciscs. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc caici ol ilc univciscs lcic is ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is noi icluicd by ilc siaicmcni ol Lpansas
(na caasnan) ilai Hc docs noi cai. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad docs noi
cai ilc icsulis ol harma, bui Hc las His own iiansccndcnial caiing.
Sufra 10
praharanat-bccausc oj tnc contcxt, ca-aIso.

Tlis is also conliimcd by ilc conicxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai ilis passagc iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is also
conliimcd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Katna Lpansa (1.2.20):
anor aniyan manato maniyan
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is smallci ilan ilc smallcsi and gicaici
ilan ilc gicaicsi."
Tlis is also conliimcd by ilc lollowing woids ol smrt-sastra:

atas Iohasya caracarasya
"You aic ilc caici ol ilis complcic cosmic manilcsiaiion, ol ilc moving and ilc
non-moving."
Adhikarana 3
The Associafe in fhe Cave is Brahman
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vsaya: Tlc Katna Lpansa (1.3.1) siaics:
rtam pbantau suhrtasya Iohc
gunam pravstau paramc pararnc
cnaya-tapau branma-vo vaant
pancagnayo yc ca trnachctan
"Two pcisons diinl ilc icsulis ol harma in cavc ol ilc lcaii. Tlcy wlo lnow
lialman, ilcy wlo lccp ilc livc sacicd liics, and ilcy wlo pciloim ilc ilicc
nachcta saciiliccs say ilcsc iwo pcisons aic sladc and ligli."
Samsaya: In ilis passagc a companion io ilc jiva, wlo cxpciicnccs ilc icsulis
ol harma, is dcsciibcd. Tlis companion may bc inicipicicd io bc ciilci
iniclligcncc, lilc-bicail, oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Purvapahsa: Tlc companion lcic musi bc ciilci iniclligcncc oi lilc-bicail loi
ilcy assisi ilc jiva as lc cxpciicnccs ilc icsulis ol harma. Tlc companion cannoi
bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad loi ilc Supicmc Loid ncvci cxpciicnccs
ilc icsulis ol harma. Tlcicloic ilc companion musi bc ciilci iniclligcncc oi lilc-
bicail.
Snanta: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 11
gunam pravstav atmanau n ta arsanat
gunam-n tnc cavc, pravstau-cntcrc, atmanau-tvo scIvcs, n-ncc, tat-
tnat, arsanat-bccausc oj bcng sccn n otncr passagcs oj Vcc Itcraturc.
Tlc iwo pcisons ilai lavc cnicicd ilc cavc ol ilc lcaii aic ilc iwo sclvcs (ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc jva bccausc ilis cxplanaiion is sccn in
Vcdic liiciaiuic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc iwo pcisons ilai lavc cnicicd ilc cavc ol ilc lcaii aic ilc jiva and ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, noi ilc jiva and iniclligcncc, and noi ilc jiva
and ilc lilc-bicail. Wly' Tlc sutra says ta arsanat (bccausc ilis cxplanaiion is
sccn in Vcdic liiciaiuic).
S Tlc Katna Lpansa (2.1.7) says ilai ilc jiva las cnicicd ilc cavc ol ilc lcaii:
ya prancna sambnavaty
atr cvatamayi
gunam pravsya tstnantim
ya bnutcbnr vyajayata
"Accompanicd by ilc lilc-bicail and a losi ol powcis, ilc jiva, wlo is ilc ling
ol ilc scnscs, cnicis ilc cavc ol ilc lcaii."
Anoilci vcisc (Katna Lpansa 1.2.12) says ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad las cnicicd ilc cavc ol ilc lcaii:
tam urarsam gunam anupravstam
gunantam ganvarcstam puranam
anyatma-yogangamcna cvam
matva niro narsa-sohau janat
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is ilc oldcsi pcison, and wlo is
woislipcd in ilc junglc ol ilis woild, icmains liddcn in ilc cavc ol ilc lcaii. A
wisc man, mcdiiaiing on Him in a iiancc ol spiiiiual yoga, givcs up all maiciial joy
and giicl."
Tlc woid n (indccd) in ilis sutra mcans "Tlis is indccd coiioboiaicd by all ilc
Puranas." Tlc woid pbantau (ilcy boil diinl) in ilc passagc ol ilc Lpansa is
uscd in ilc samc scnsc as ilc pliasc "ilc iwo paiasol-bcaicis." Alilougl only onc
ol ilc paii caiiics ilc paiasol, ilcy aic siill lnown as "ilc iwo paiasol-bcaicis." In
ilc samc way only onc ol ilc iwo "diinlcis" lcic aciually diinls. Tlc woid cnaya-
tapau (sladc and ligli) lcic mcans ciilci ilai ilc lnowlcdgc ol ilc iwo pcisons is
dillcicni, oi ii mcans ilai onc ol ilc pcisons is bound io ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd
biiil and dcail and ilc oilci is licc liom ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail.
Sufra 12
vscsanac ca
vscsanat-bccausc oj stnctvc quaItcs, ca-aIso.
Also bccausc ol ilc dillcicnccs bciwccn ilcm.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis scciion ol Katna Lpansa ilc jiva and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad aic caiclully disiinguislcd, ilc jiva dcsciibcd as ilc mcdiiaici and ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as ilc objcci ol mcdiiaiion. Tlus is Katna
Lpansa 1.2.12 quoicd abovc ilcy aic caiclully disiinguislcd: onc as ilc
mcdiiaici and ilc oilci as ilc objcci ol mcdiiaiion. In Katna Lpansa 1.3.1 in ilc
woids cnaya-tapau (sladc and ligli) ilcy aic again disiinguislcd: onc bcing all-
lnowing and ilc oilci laving only a small splcic ol lnowlcdgc.
Katna Lpansa 1.3.9 cxplains:
vjnana-saratnr yas tu
manan-pragranavan naran
so nvanan param apnot
ta vsnon paramam paam
"A pcison wlo las iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc as lis claiioicci and wlo
caiclully lolds ilc icins ol ilc mind icaclcs ilc cnd ol ilc pail: ilc
iiansccndcnial icalm ol Loid Visnu."
In ilcsc woids ilcy aic again disiinguislcd: onc bcing ilc goal io bc aiiaincd
and ilc oilci ilc pcison wlo aiiains ilc goal.
Adhikarana +
The Person in fhe Eye is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vsaya: Cnanogya Lpansa +.15.1-2 says:
ya cso ntar-ahsn puruso rsyatc sa csa atmct novaca. cta amrtam ayam cta
branma ta ya ya asmn sarpr voaham va sncat vartman cva gaccnat. ctam
sampa-nama ty acahsatc ctam n sarvan hamany abnsamyant
"Hc said: Hc wlo is sccn in ilc cyc is ilc atma. Hc is immoiial, Hc is ncciai. Hc
is ilc gicaicsi. lccausc Hc is picscni nciilci waici noi liquid buiici will siay on
ilc cyc, bui boil will slidc liom ii. Hc is ilc abodc ol all opulcnccs. Ioi onc wlo
sccs Him all dcsiics aic ai oncc lullillcd."
Samsaya: Is ilis pcison a icllcciion, a dcmigod, ilc jiva, oi ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Purvapahsa: Ii may bc ilc liisi, loi ilc obscivci sccs limscll icllccicd in
anoilci's cyc. Ii may bc ilc sccond bccausc Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (5.5.2) says:
rasmbnr cso smn pratstntan (Wiil ilc iays ol sunligli ilc sun-god cnicis ilc
cyc). Ii may bc ilc iliid bccausc a pcison sccs wiil lis cycs, so lc may also bc ilc
pcison in ilc cyc. In ilis way ilc pcison in ilc cyc is onc ol ilcsc ilicc.
Snanta: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 13
antara upapattcn
antaran-tnc pcrson vtnn, upapattcn-bccausc oj rcason.
Tlc pcison in (ilc cyc is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) bccausc (ilai
conclusion is diciaicd) by icason.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc pcison in ilc cyc is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wly' Tlc sutra
says upapattcn (bccausc ilai conclusion is diciaicd by icason). Tlis is so bccausc
ol ilc piool givcn (in ilc quoic liom ilc Cnanogya Lpansa) in ilc dcsciipiion
ol ilc qualiiics bcginning wiil bcing ilc Supicmc Scll(atma), immoiialiiy (amrta),
bcing ilc gicaicsi (branma), bcing uniouclcd by maiciial ilings, and bcing ilc
abodc ol all opulcnccs (sampa-nama). (Tlcsc qualiiics can piopcily bc aiiiibuicd
only io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.)
Sufra 1+
stnana-vyapacsac ca
stnana-tnc pIacc, a-bcgnnng vtn, vyapacsat-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt.
ca-aIso.
And also bccausc ol ilc icacling (in ilc sciipiuics ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is picscni) in ilis placc and in oilci placcs as wcll.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc coniiollci wlo icsidcs wiil ilc
cyc is dcsciibcd in Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (3.7.1S):
yas cahsus tstnams cahsuso ntaro yam cahsur na vca yasya cahsur sariram yas
cahsur antaro yam ayaty csa ta atmantaryamy amrtan
"Hc wlo siays in ilc cyc, wlo is wiilin, wlom ilc cyc docs noi lnow, wlo is
ilc uliimaic piopiicioi ol ilc cyc and ilc body, and wlo, icsiding wiilin, coniiols
ilc cyc, is ilc immoiial Supcisoul, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo
icsidcs in ilc lcaii."
Sufra 15
suhna-vsstabnnana cva
suhna-by nappncss, vssta-stngusnc, abnnanat-bccausc oj tnc
cscrpton, cva-ncc.
Also bccausc Hc is dcsciibcd as (lull ol) bliss.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis sutra iclcis io Cnanogya Lpansa (+.10.5), wlicl says: prano branma
ham branma hnam branma (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lilc. ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is bliss. ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
sly). Tlc discussion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilai bcgins wiil ilcsc
woids coniinucs iliougl somc paiagiapls up io ilc paiagiapl undci discussion
(Cnanogya Lpansa +.15.1), wlicl dcsciibcs ilc pcison in ilc cyc. Ioi ilis
icason ilc pcison in ilc cyc musi bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc
inicipolaiion ol agn-vya bciwccn +.10.5 and +.15.1 docs noi bical ilc conicxi
bccausc agn-vya is a paii ol ilc discussion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc woid vssta (disiinguislcd) in ilis sutra mcans ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las all-lnowlcdgc and all oilci iiansccndcnial qualiiics.
Sufra 16
srutopansatha-gaty-abnnanac ca
sruta-ncar, upansatha-Lpansa; gat-cstnaton, abnnanat-bccausc oj
tnc cscrpton, ca-aIso.

And bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc dcsiinaiion ol ilcy wlo lcai ilc
Upanisads.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Onc wlo lcais ilc Lpansas and undcisiands ilc sccici lnowlcdgc ol ilc
Vcas iiavcls io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ol ilc pcison wlo lnows
ilc pcison in ilc cyc Upalosala Muni says arcsam abnsambnavat (Hc aiiains ilc
icalm ol ligli). lccausc ilcsc iwo pcisons (lc wlo lnows ilc sccicis ol ilc Vcas
and lc wlo lnows ilc pcison in ilc cyc) aiiain ilc samc dcsiinaiion ii musi bc
undcisiood ilai ilc pcison in ilc cyc is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Sufra 17
anavastntcr asambnavac ca nctaran
anavastntcn-bccausc tnc aboc s not ctcrnaI, asambnavat-bccausc oj bcng
mpossbIc, ca-an, na-not, taran-anyonc cIsc.
(Tlc pcison in ilc cyc) is noi anyonc clsc (bui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad) bccausc (ilc oilcis) do noi siay always in ilc cyc and bccausc ii
casnnoi bc ilcm (accoiding io ilc conicxi).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcsc oilci pcisons cannoi bc ilc pcison in ilc cyc bccausc nonc ol ilcm siay
pcimancnily in ilc cyc and bccausc non ol ilcm posscss immoiialiiy oi any ol ilc
oilci qualiiics aiiiibuicd io ilc pcison in ilc cyc. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is ilcicloic ilc pcison in ilc cyc iclciicd io in ilis icxi.
Adhikarana 5
The InfernaI RuIer is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vsaya: Prna-aranyaha Lpansa 3.7.1S says:
yan prtnvyam tstnan prtnvya antaro yam prtvi na vca yasya prtnvi sariram
yan prtnvim antaro yam ayaty csa ta atmantaryamy amrtan
"Hc wlo siays in ilc caiil, wlo is wiilin, wlom ilc caiil docs noi lnow, wlo
is ilc uliimaic piopiicioi ol ilc caiil and ilc body, and wlo, icsiding wiilin,
iulcs ilc caiil, is ilc immoiial Supcisoul, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
wlo icsidcs in ilc lcaii."
Samsaya: In ilis vcisc is ilc iulci wlo livcs wiilin ilc caiil and oilci placcs
pranana, ilc jiva, oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Purvapahsa: Tlc iulci wiilin may bc pranana bccausc pranana icsidcs wiilin.
Tlc causc is always wovcn inio ilc cllcci. Tlc causc is ilc coniiollci il ilc cllcci.
(lccausc pranana is ilc causc ol ilc caiil, pranana musi ilcicloic bc ilc
coniiollci wiilin ilc caiil also.) lccausc ii givcs lappincss ilc pranana may bc
liguiaiivcly callcd atma (ilc gicai scll), oi bccausc ii is all-pcivading ii may also bc
liguiaiivcly callcd atma (ilc gicai scll). lccausc ii is cicinal ii may also bc callcd
amrta (cicinal).
Oi ilc iulci wiilin may bc a cciiaim jiva wlo is a gicai yogi. Wiil ilc yogc
powcis ol cniciing cvciywlcic and bccoming invisiblc ai will a gicai yogi may
bccomc ilc iulci (wiilin) and wiil ilis iuling powci, ilc abiliiy io bccomc
invisiblc, and oilci yogc powcis, lc may bc callcd atma (ilc gicai scll), and amrta
(cicinal) in ilc diicci scnscs ol ilc woids wiiloui icsoiiing io liguiaiivc languagc.
In ilis way ilc iulci wiilin musi bc ciilci ilc pranana oi a jiva.
Snanta: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 18
antaryamy anavasu ta-narma-vyapacsat
antaryami-tnc ruIcr vtnn, anava-tnc cIcmcnts, asu-bcgnnng vtn,
tat-oj Hm, narma-tnc naturc, vyapacsat-bccausc oj tnc cscrpton.
Tlc iulci wlo icsidcs wiilin ilc clcmcnis (is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad) bccausc His qualiiics aic dcsciibcd (in ilis passagc).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc iulci wiilin dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids ol Prna-aranyaha Lpansa is ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wly' Tlc sutra says ta-narma-vyapacsat
(bccausc His qualiiics aic dcsciibcd in ilis passagc). Tlc Supicmc Pcison is
dcsciibcd lcic bccausc ilc qualiiics ol ilc pcison dcsciibcd lcic, wlicl includc
bcing siiuaicd wiilin ilc caiil and all oilci maiciial clcmcnis, bcing unlnowablc,
bcing ilc supicmc coniiollci, and bcing all-pcivading, all-lnowing, all-blisslul,
and cicinal, aic all qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Sufra 19
na ca smartam ata-narmabnIapat
na-not, ca-an, smartam-vnat s taugnt n tnc smrt; ata-not oj t,
narma-tnc quaItcs, abnIapat-bccausc oj cscrpton.
Tlc iulci wiilin is noi (ilc piadlana, wlicl is) dcsciibcd in ilc smiii,
bccausc ilc qualiiics (mcniioncd in ilis passagc) cannoi bc aiiiibuicd (io
piadlana).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ioi ilcsc icasons ii may noi bc said ilai ilc pranana, wlicl is dcsciibcd in
ilc smrt, is ilc iulci wiilin. Wly' Tlc sutra says ata-narmabnIapat (bccausc
ilc qualiiics mcniioncd in ilis passagc cannoi bc aiiiibuicd io ii.
Tlc Prna-aranyaha Lpansa (3.7.23) says:
arsto rasta asruto srota amato manta avj;.sy 2-1)ato vjnata nanyato st rasta
nanayto st srota nanyato st manta nanyato st vjnatasa ta atmantaryamy amrta to
nyat smartam
"Unobscivcd, Hc is ilc obscivci. Unlcaid, Hc is ilc lcaici. Inconccivablc, Hc
is ilc ilinlci. Unlnown, lc is ilc lnowci. Tlcic is no oilci obscivci. Tlcic is no
oilci lcaici. ilcic is no oilci ilinlci. Tlcic is no oilci lnowci. lc is ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc cicinal iulci wiilin. (Tlc pranana)
dcsciibcd in ilc smrt is dillcicni liom Him."
Tlc lisi ol qualiiics lcic, bcginning wiil bcing ilc obscivci, may bc aiiiibuicd
io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad only.
Sufra 20
sariras cobnayc p n bnccnanam aniyatc
sariran-tnc jiva; ca-aIso, ubnayc-n botnc rcccnsons, ap-aIso, n-ncc,
bnccna-by tnc jjcrcncc, cnam-tns, aniyatc-s rca.
Tlc iulci wiilin is noi a jva bccausc in boil (icccnsions ol ilc Upanisad) ilc
jva is dcsciibcd as dillcicni liom Him.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid na (noi) liom ilc picccding sutra slould bc undcisiood in ilis sutra
also. Ioi ilc icasons alicady givcn ii cannoi bc said ilai a jiva wlo is a gicai yogi
is ilc iulci wiilin. Wly' Tlc sutra answcis n, wlicl mcans "bccausc," ubnayc
(in boil), wlicl mcans "in boil ilc Kanva and Manyanna icccnsions ol ilc
Lpansa," cnam (Hc), wlicl mcans "ilc iulci wiilin," bnccna aniyatc (is
dcsciibcd as dillcicni).
(Tlc Kanva icccnsion givcs) yo vj;.sy 2-1)anam antaro yamayat (Tlc
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ilai iulcs wiilin) and (ilc Manyanna icccnsion,
givcs) ya atmanam antaro yamayat (Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo
iulcs wiilin). In boil icadings is a clcai disiinciion bciwccn ilc iulci and ilc
iulcd. Tlcicloic ilc iulci wiilin is Loid Haii, ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
In ilc SubaIa Lpansa ilc Kailas say: prtnvy-ainam
avyahtahsaramrtaantanam sri-narayano ntaryami (Loid Naiayana is ilc iulci
wiilin ilc caiil and oilci clcmcnis, wiilin ilc unmanilcsicd pranana, and
wiilin ilc unclanging, cicinal jiva).
Tlc Pranmanas say: antan-sarirc nnto gunayam (Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad siays in ilc lcaii ol ilc jiva), aja cho ntyan (Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is unboin, cicinal, and onc wiiloui a sccond), and yasya prtnvi sariram
yan prtnvim antarc sancaran yam prtnvi na vca (Tlc caiil is His body. Hc siays
wiilin ilc caiil. Tlc caiil docs noi undcisiand Him, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad).
Adhikarana 6
"Aksara" is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vsaya: Tlc Munaha Lpansa (1.1.5-6) says:
atna para yaya ta ahsaram angamyatc. yat ta arcsyam agranyam agotram
avarnam acahsun-srotram ta apan-paam ntyam vbnum sarva-gatam su-suhsmam
ta avyayam ya bnuta-yonm parpasyant niran
"Hcic is ilc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc by wlicl ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is lnown. Tlc gicai sagcs diiccily scc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, wlo cannoi bc sccn, wlo cannoi bc giaspcd, wlo las no namc, wlo las
no coloi, wlo las no cycs oi cais, wlo las no lands oi lcci, wlo is cicinal, all-
powcilul, all-pcivading, subilc, and clangclcss, and wlo is ilc cicaici ol all ilai
is."
Laici ilc Munaha Lpansa (2.1.2) also says:
vyo ny amurtan purusan sa-banyabnyantaro ny ajan aprano ny amanan subnro
hsarat paratan paran
"Tlc Supicmc Pcison is iiansccndcnial, loimlcss, wiiloui insidc oi oui,
unboin, unbicailing, wiiloui mind, splcndid, and liglci ilan ilc liglcsi ol ilc
cicinals."
Samsaya: Do ilcsc iwo passagcs dcsciibc liisi ilc pranana and ilcn ilc purusa
(jiva), oi do ilcy dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Purvapahsa: lccausc in ilcsc passagcs ilcic is no mcniion ol bcing ilc obscivci
oi any oilci qualiiics ol a conscious bcing, and bccausc ilcic is mcniion ol ilc
woid yon (souicc ol cvciyiling), wlicl iclcis io ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc
cicaiion is madc, ilcsc passagcs dcsciibc ilc cicinal pranana, and abovc ilai
cicinal pranana, ilc purusa (jiva). Abovc ilc cicinal, cvci-clanging pranana is
ilc jiva, wlo is ilc lnowci ol ilc licld ol aciiviiics. Tlcicloic in ilcsc passagcs ilc
pranana and jiva slould bc lnown io bc ilc iopics ol discussion.
Snanta: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 21
arsyatva-gunaho narmohtcn
arsyatva-bcng nvsbIc, a-bcgnnng vtn, gunaho-quaItcs, narma-
quaItcs, uhtcn-bccausc oj tnc statcmcnt.
(Tlcsc passagcs dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,) wlo posscsscs
many iiansccndcnial qualiiics, including invisibiliiy, bccausc His qualiiics aic
dcsciibcd lcic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In boil passagcs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo posscsscs many
iiansccndcnial qualiiics, including invisibiliiy, slould bc undcisiood (io bc ilc
iopic ol discussion). Wly' ilc sutra says narmohtcn (bccausc His qualiiics aic
dcsciibcd lcic).
Tlc Munaha Lpansa (1.1.9) says:
yan sarvajnan sarvav yasya jnanamayam tapan. tasma cta branma nama-
rupam annam ca jayatc
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad lnows cvciyiling. Hc lnows cvciyiling.
Hc is lull ol lnowlcdgc. Iiom Him is boin ilai lialman ilai is ilc maiciial loim
ol ilis woild."
lccausc in ilc pasagc ol Munaha Lpansa (1.1.6) ilai bcgins vyo ny amurtan
purusan (Tlc Supicmc Pcison is iiansccndcnial and loimlcsss) ilc ahsara is
dcsciibcd as posscssing a losi ol iiansccndcnial qualiiics, wlicl includc
omniscicncc, and bccausc ilai ahsara is dcsciibcd as ilc uliimaic goal ol all
lnowlcdgc, ilc ahsara musi bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Sufra 22
vscsana-bnca-vyapacsabnyam ca nctarau
vscsana-mojcrs, bnca-jjcrcncc, vyapacsabnyam-bccausc oj tnc
cscrpton, ca-an, na-not, tarau-tnc otncr tvo.
lccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc qualiiics (ol ilc alsaia) in ilcsc iwo
(passagcs, ilc alsaia) cannoi bc ilc oilci iwo (piadlana and jva).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc oilci iwo, ilai is pranana and jiva, slould noi bc ilougli (io bc ilc iopic
ol discussion lcic). Wly' ilc sutra says vscsana (bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc
qualiiics). lccausc ilc dcsciipiion in Munaha Lpansa (1.1.9), bcginning wiil
ilc woids yan sarvajna (Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad lnows cvciyiling),
spccilically idcniilics ilc ahsara as ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and
bccausc ilc dcsciipiion in Munaha Lpansa (1.1.6), bcginning wiil ilc woid
vya (Tlc Supicmc Pcison is iiansccndcnial), idcniilics ilc ahsara as a bcing
dillcicni liom ilc jiva, ilcicloic ilc ahsara mcniioncd in boil passagcs musi bc
undcisiood io bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc oiiginal causc ol all
causcs.
Sufra 23
S
rupopanyasac ca
rupa-oj a jorm, upanyasat-bccausc oj tnc mcnton, ca-aIso.
And also bccausc ilcic is mcniion ol a loim.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Munaha Lpansa (3.1.3) says:
yaa pasyan pasyatc ruhma-varnam
hartaram isam purusam branma-yonm
taa vvan punya-papc vnuya
nranjanan paramam samyam upat
"Onc wlo sccs ilc goldcn-coloicd Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc Supicmc Loid,
ilc supicmc acioi, wlo is ilc souicc ol ilc Supicmc lialman, bccomcs licc liom
ilc icaciions io pasi pious and sinlul dccds, and bccomcs libciaicd, aiiaining ilc
samc iiansccndcnial plailoim as ilc Loid."
lccausc ilc loim ol ilc ahsara is dcsciibcd in ilis way as ilc oiiginal causc ol
all causcs, ilc loim ol ilc ahsara lcic musi bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Ii cannoi bc ciilci pranana oi jiva.
Sufra 2+
praharanat
praharanat-bccausc oj tnc contcxt.
(Tlc alsaia lcic musi bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) bccausc ol ilc
conicxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc mcaning ol ilis sutra is clcai.
Tlc smrt-sastra also conliims ilai ilis icxi iclcis io Loid Visnu. Tlc Vsnu
Purana (6.5.65-70) says:
vc vyc vctavyc
t catnarvani srutn
paraya tv ahsara-praptn
rn-vca-mayi apara
yat ta avyahtam ajaram
acntyam ajam avyayam
anrcsyam arupam ca
panpaay-asamyutam
vbnum sarva-gatam ntyam
bnuta-yonm aharanam
vyapya-vyapyam yatan sarvam
ta va pasyant surayan
ta branma paramam nama
ta nycyam mohsa-hanhsnam
srut-vahyptam suhsmam
ta vsnon paramam paam
ta cva bnagava-vacyam
svarupam paramatmanan
vacaho bnagavac-cnabas
tasyayasyahsaratmanan
cvam ngatartnasya
sa-tattvam tasya tattvatan
jnayatc ycna taj-jnanam
param anyat trayimayam
"Tlc Atnarva Vca says ilcic aic iwo linds ol lnowlcdgc: supciioi and inlciioi.
Supciioi lnowlcdgc is ilai wlicl biings onc io ilc cicinal and inlciioi lnowlcdgc
is ilc icacling ol ilc Pg Vca and ilc oilci Vcas. Tlc cicinal is unmanilcsicd,
wiiloui dccay, inconccivablc, unboin, unclanging, wiiloui maiciial loim,
wiiloui maiciial lands oi lcci, all-powcilul, all-pcivading, cicinal, ilc souicc ol
all living cniiiics, causclcss, picscni wiilin cvciyiling, uniouclcd by anyiling,
and ilc souicc liom wlicl cvciyiling las comc. Sainily pcisons scc Him. Hc is
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Hc is ilc supicmc abodc. Hc is ilc objcci ol
mcdiiaiion loi ilcy wlo ycain loi libciaiion. Hc is dcsciibcd in ilc woids ol ilc
Vcas. Hc is supicmcly subilc. Hc is Loid Visnu. Hc is lnown as llagavan (ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad). Hc is ilc Supicmc Loid wlo las a
iiansccndcnial loim. Hc is llagavan. Hc is cicinal. Onc wlo lnows ilcsc iiuils
lnows ilc iiuil. Hc lnows ilc ical iiuil. Tlc inlciioi iiuil ol ilc ilicc Vcas is
somciling clsc."
Adhikarana 7
"Vaisvanara" is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vsaya: Tlc Cnanogya Lpansa says (5.11.1): ho nu atma hm branmct ,Wno s
tnc atma' Wlo is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'), and (5.11.6) atmanam
cvam vasvanaram sampraty anycs tam cva no brun (You lnow aboui Vaisvanaia.
Plcasc dcsciibc Him.) and (5.1S.1) yas tv cnam cvam pracsa-matram abnvmanam
atmanam vasvanaram upastc sa sarvcsu Iohcsu sarvcsu bnutcsu sarvcsu atmasu
annam att (Onc wlo mcdiiaics on Vaisvanaia, wlo is ilc sizc ol ilc disiancc
bciwccn ilc ilumb and loiclingci, and wlo is picscni in all woilds, in all
clcmcnis, and in all lcaiis, cais lood and is nouiislcd.) and (5.1S.2) ctasya na va
ctasyatmano vasvanarasya murnava su-tcjas cahsur vsvarupan pranan prtnag-
vartma sancno banuIo vastr cva vayn prtnvy cva paav ura cva vcr Iomanr banr
nrayam garnapatyo mano nvanaryapacana asyam anvaniyan (Hcavcn is ilc lcad ol
Vaisvanaia, ilc sun is His cyc, ilc wind is His bicail, ilc sly is His body, ilc
occans aic His bladdci, ilc caiil is His lcci, ilc saciilicial aicna is His clcsi, ilc
saciilicial giass is His lcad, ilc garnapatya liic is His lcaii, ilc anvanaryapacana
liic is His mind, and ilc anavaniya liic is His mouil).
Samsaya: Is ilc Vaisvanaia ilc liic ol digcsiion, ilc dcmigod Agni, ilc liic
clcmcni, oi Loid Visnu' Purvapahsa: Tlc woid vasvanara is commonly uscd in
all ilcsc loui mcanings, so iis mcaning in ilis passagc is unclcai.
Snanta: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 25
vasvanaran sanarana-saba-vscsat
vasvanaran-Vasvanara, sanarana-common, saba-vor, vscsat-bccausc oj
tnc stncton.

Tlc ambiguous woid "vaisvanaia" (in ilis passagc ol Clandogya Upanisad
iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) bccausc ilc qualiiics dcsciibcd lcic
(aic appiopiiaic loi ilc Loid).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid vasvanara lcic iclcis io Loid Visnu. Wly' Tlc sutra says sanarana-
saba-vscsat (bccausc ilc qualiiics dcsciibcd lcic aic appiopiiaic loi ilc Loid).
Tlis is ilc mcaning: Lvcn ilougl ilc woid vasvanara las many mcanings, lcic ii
mcans "Loid Visnu." Tlc dcsciipiion bcginning wiil ilc pliasc "Hcavcn is His
lcad" clcaily slow ilai vasvanara lcic mcans Loid Visnu. Also, ilc woids atma
and branma gcncially iclci io Loid Visnu. Tlc icsuli onc obiains by lnowing
vasvanara is ilc samc as ilc icsuli ol lnowing Loid Visnu. Tlc sciipiuics say
yatncsha tuIam (As iccds aic buincd by liic, so aic sins buincd inio noiling by
Vaisvanaia). Tlis clcaily slows ilai Vaisvanaia lcic is Loid Visnu (loi only Loid
Visnu las ilc powci io ncgaic sins). Tlc woid vasvanara is composcd ol ilc iwo
woids vsva (all) and nara (luman bcings), and ilus mcans "Hc wlo is ilc icsiing
placc ol all luman bcings." Ioi ilcsc icasons ilc woid vasvanara lcic musi mcan
"Loid Visnu."
Iuiilcimoic, lc says:
Sufra 26
smaryamanam anumanam sya t

smaryamanam-cscrbc n tnc smrt-sastra; anumanam-njcrcncc, sya-s,
t-tnus.
Tlis may also bc inlciicd liom ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid t lcic mcans "ilis is ilc icason." In Pnagava-gita (15.1+), Loid
Kisna says:
anam vasvanaro bnutva
prannam cnam asrtan
"I am ilc vasvanara in ilc bodics ol all living cniiiics."
In ilcsc woids ilc smrt-sastra alliims ilai ilc Vaisvanaia is Loid Visnu. Iiom
ilis siaicmcni ii may also bc undcisiood ilai ilc vasvanara in ilc Cnanogya
Lpansa is also Loid Visnu.
Now lc icluics ilc idca ilai vasvanara iclcis io ilc liic ol digcsiion.
Sufra 27
sababnyo ntan pratstnanac ca nct ccn na tatna rsty-upacsa asambnavat
purusa-vnam ap canam aniyatc
saba-tnc vors, abnyan-bcgnnng vtn, antan-vtnn, pratstnanat-
bccausc oj abng, ca-an, na-not, t-tnus, cct-j, na-not, tatna-tnus, rst-
sgnt, upacsat-jrom tnc tcacnng, asambnavat-bccausc oj bcng mpossbIc,
purusa-a pcrson, vnam-tnc naturc, ap-aIso, ca-an, cnam-Hm, aniyatc-
s rca.
Il (ii is said ilc "vaisvanaia" lcic) cannoi (bc Loid Visnu) bccausc many woids
lcic icluic ilis idca and bccausc (ilc "vaisvanaia" is said lcic) io icsidc in ilc
lcaii, (ilcn I say) no bccausc ilc icacling (ol ilc sciipiuics is ilai onc slould)
mcdiiaic (on Loid Visnu in ilc lcaii) in ilis way, bccausc ii is noi possiblc (io
inicipici ilc woid lcic io mcan anyiling clsc), and bccausc (ilc icxi lcic
dcsciibcs ilc {.sy 16S)vaisvanaia") as a pcison wiil a lumanlilc loim.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc objcciion may bc iaiscd: Tlc vasvanara lcic cannoi bc Loid Visnu. Tlc
icxi says ayam agnr vasvanaran (Tlis is ilc vasvanara liic). lccausc ilcsc woids
piovc ilai vasvanara lcic mcans liic, ilc passagc nrayam garnapatyo mano
nvanaryapacana asyam anvaniyan (ilc garnapatya liic is His lcaii, ilc
anvanaryapacana liic is His mind, and ilc anavaniya liic is His mouil) picscnis
ilc vasvanara as a gioup ol ilicc liics. Tlc vasvanara is liic, and noi Loid Visnu,
bccausc vasvanara is said io bc ilc icsiing placc ol prana (bicail) and again
bccausc ilc Vcas say vasvanara siays wiilin ilc lcaii ol ilc living cniiiy.
Hcic ilc sutra answcis ilis objcciion by saying ccn na, wlicl mcans "il ii is
said ilai ilc vasvanara is liic, ilcn I say no." Wly' Tlc sutra says tatna rsty-
upacsa asambnavat purusa-vnam ap canam aniyatc (bccausc ilc icacling ol
ilc sciipiuics is ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on Loid Visnu in ilc lcaii in ilis way,
bccausc ii is noi possiblc io inicipici ilc woid lcic io mcan anyiling clsc, and
bccausc ilc icxi lcic dcsciibcs ilc va,vanara) as a pcison wiil a lumanlilc
loim). 1atna lcic mcans {.sy 16S)by considciing io bc ilc liic ol digcsiion," rst,
mcans "mcdiiaiion on Loid Visnu," and asambnavat mcans "ii is noi possiblc io
inicipici ilc woid vasvanara io mcan anyiling bui Loid Visnu bccausc ilc icxi ol
ilc Lpansa says ilai lcavcn is ilc lcad ol ilc vasvanara and ilc oilci paiis ol
ilc woild aic oilci paiis ol ilc body ol vasvanara." Iuiilcimoic, ilc Satapatna
Pranmana (10.6.1.11) says sa yo ny ctam cvagnm vasvanaram purusa-vnam
purusc ntan pratsttam vca (Hc lnows ilc agn vasvanara, wlo las a lumanlilc
loim and wlo siays in ilc lcaiis ol ilc living cniiiics). Il ilc woid vasvanara is
inicipicicd io mcan {.sy 16S)liic," ilcn ilc cxplanaiions lcic ilai ilc vasvanara
icsidcs in ilc lcaiis ol ilc living cniiiics may bc acccpicd bui noi ilc siaicmcni
ilai vasvanara las a lumanlilc loim. Il vasvanara is inicipicicd io mcan Loid
Visnu, ilcn boil siaicmcnis may bc casily acccpicd.
Ncxi lc icluics ilc idca ilai vasvanara mcans ciilci ilc dcmigod Agni oi ilc
clcmcni liic.
Sufra 28
ata cva na cvata bnutam ca
atan cva-tncrcjorc, na-not, cvata-cmgo, bnutam-cIcmcnt, ca-an,

Ioi ilc samc icasons "vaisvanaia" is nciilci ilc dcmigod Agni noi ilc clcmcni
liic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc objccioi may say: lccausc ilc dcmigod Agni is vciy powcilul and gicai ii
may indccd bc said ilai lcavcn is lis lcad and (ilc oilci paiis ol ilc woild aic
paiis ol lis body), and ilc samc may also bc said ol ilc liic clcmcni. Tlis is so
bccausc ol ilc lollowing dcsciipiion ol /Pg Vca (10.SS.3): yo bnanuna prtnvi yam
utcmam atatana roasi antarihsam (Agni, in lis loim ol ilc sun, is spicad iliougl
ilc caiil, lcavcn, and cvciyiling bciwccn).
Lvcn il ilis bc said, siill I say no. Wly' Tlc sutra says ata cva (ilcicloic),
wlicl mcans "loi ilc icasons alicady givcn vasvanara is nciilci ilc dcmigod Agni
noi ilc clcmcni liic." Tlc woids ol ilis mantra ol ilc /Pg Vca aic llaiiciy only.
Avataranha:In ilc opinion ol Jaimini ilc woid agn may also diiccily mcan
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad," jusi as ilc woid vasvanara docs.
Sufra 29
sahsa apy avronam jamnn
sahsat-rcctIy, ap-aIso, avronam-vtnout contracton, jamnn-jamn.
Jaimini is ol ilc opinion ilai ilc woid "agni" may bc inicipicicd io diiccily
mcan "Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad," and ilcic is no inconsisicncy in
ilis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Jusi as ilc woid vasvanara, inicipicicd io mcan ciilci "ilc lcadci (nara) ol ilc
woild (vsva) oi "ilc piopiicioi ol all luman bcings (nara) in ilc univcisc
(vsva)," is namc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc oiiginal causc ol all
causcs, in ilc samc way ilc woid agn, inicipicicd io mcan "ilc lcadci ol all," is
also a namc ol Loid Visnu. Jaimini Muni considcis ilai ilcic is no coniiadiciion
in ilcsc inicipiciaiions bccausc ilcy aic bascd on ilc spccilic mcanings ol cacl
woid's componcni paiis.
Tlc objccioi may say: How can ilc limiilcss Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
bccomc ilc sizc ol ilc disiancc bciwccn ilc ilumb and loiclingci, (as vasvanara
is said io bc in ilis passagc ol ilc Lpansa)'
To answci ilis qucsiion lc says:
Sufra 30
abnvyahtcr ty asmaratnyan
abnvyahtcn-bccausc oj manjcstaton, t-tnus, asmaratnyan-Asmaratnya.
smaiailya is ol ilc opinion ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad appcais
in ilis way (a sizc ilc disiancc bciwccn ilc ilumb and loiclingci) bccausc Hc
manilcsis Himscll (in ilc lcaii ol His dcvoicc).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Loid Visnu appcais in ilis way in ilc lcaiis ol His dcvoiccs, wlo lavc ilc cycs
io scc Him. Tlis is ilc opinion ol smaiailya.
Sufra 31
anusmrtcr t baarn
anusmrtcn-bccausc oj mctaton, t-tnus, baarn-Paar Mun.
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilougli io bc ilis small sizc bccausc
ilai conccpiion is vciy convcnicni loi mcdiiaiion. Tlis is ilc opinion ol ladaii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilc Supicmc Loid is mcdiiaicd as icsiding in ilc lcaii, and bccausc ilc
lcaii iiscll is ilc sizc ol ilc disiancc bciwccn ilumb and loiclingci, ilc Loid is
ilougli io bc ilc sizc ol ilc disiancc bciwccn ilumb and loiclingci also.
Sufra 32
sampattcr t jamns tatna n arsayat
sampattcn-bccausc oj transccncntaI opuIcnccs, t-tnus, jamnn-jamn,
tatna-n tns vay, n-bccausc, arsayat-tnc srut-sastra dcclaics.
(Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can assumc ilis vciy small sizc) bccausc
ol His iiansccndcnial powcis and opulcnccs. Tlis is ilc opinion ol Jaimini. (Ii is
lnown ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad assumcs ilis vciy small sizc)
bccausc siuii-sasiia icvcals (ilis inloimaiion).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can bccomc ilc sizc ol ilc disiancc
bciwccn ilc ilumb and loiclingci bccausc ol His sampatt, His iiansccndcnial
opulcncc in ilc loim ol inconccivablc poicncics. Tlis aciion docs noi limii oi
icsiiici ilc Loid in any way. Jaimini ilinls in ilis way. Wly' Hc says tatna n
arsayat (Ii is lnown ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad assumcs ilis vciy
small sizc bccausc srut-sastra icvcals ilis inloimaiion). Tlc woid n lcic mcans
"bccausc."
Tlc srut-sastra says tam cham govnam sac-c-anana-vgranam (Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is Govinda, wlo iiansccndcnial loim is cicinal and lull ol
lnowlcdgc and bliss) and cho p san banuna yo vabnat (Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad manilcsis as many). In ilis way ilc srut-sastra
icaclcs ilai by His inconccivablc poicncics many coniiadicioiy qualiiics aic
simuliancously picscni in ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Somc ol ilcsc
coniiadicioiy qualiiics aic ilai cvcn ilougl His Himscll all iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, lc siill las a body, and cvcn ilougl Hc is onc, Hc is also many. Laici
in ilis bool ilis will bc cxplaincd in dciail. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
is simuliancously all-pcivading and ol a small sizc. Tlcic is no lauli in saying ilis.
Sufra 33
amanant canam asmn
amanant-tncy ccIarc, ca-aIso, cnam-tns, asmn-n Hm.

(Tlc ailaivanilas) say ilis ol Him.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc atnarvanhas dcclaic ilai ilis inconccivablc poicncy is picscni in ilc
Supicmc Loid. In ilc KavaIya Lpansa (21) ilc Loid says apan-pao nam
acntya-sahtn (Alilougl I lavc no lands oi lcci, I siill lavc inconccivablc
poicncics). Srima-Pnagavatam (3.33.3) says atmcsvaro tarhya-sanasra-sahtn (My
dcai Loid, You aic scll-dcicimincd and aic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
loi all living cniiiics. Ioi ilcm You cicaicd ilis maiciial manilcsiaiion, and
alilougl You aic onc, Youi divcisc cncigics can aci muliilaiiously. Tlis is
inconccivablc io us).
Tlcsc dillcicni opinions do noi coniiadici cacl oilci. Tlc Shana Purana
cxplains:
vyasa-ctta-stntahasa
avccnnnan hanct
anyc vyavanaranty cta
uri-hrtya grnavat
"Oilci sagcs ialc up small poiiions biolcn liom ilc vasi sly ol Vyasadcva's
opinions jusi as louscs and oilci cnclosuics ialc up a small poiiion ol ilc
vasincss ol spacc."
Pada 3
Adhikarana 1
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is fhe Abode of Heaven
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
vsvam bbnart nnsvam yan
harunya cva cva-rat
mamasau paramanano
govnas tanutam ratm
I piay ilai Loid Govinda, ilc supicmcly blisslul ling ol ilc dcmigods, wlo
mcicilully mainiains ilis pailciic maiciial woild, may givc mc puic lovc loi Him.
In ilis Tliid Pada will bc considcicd somc sciipiuial icxis ilai may sccm io
dcsciibc ilc jva oi somc oilci iopic bui in iiuil dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad.
Visaya: Mundala Upanisad 2.2.5 says:
yasmin dyaul piiliv caniaiilsam
oiam manal sala pianais ca saivail
iam cvailam janaila aimanam
anya vaco vimuncailamiiasyaisa sciul
"Know ilai Hc in wlom lcavcn, caiil, sly, mind, bicail, and cvciyiling clsc,
aic wovcn, is ilc aima. Givc up ialling ol anyiling clsc. Hc is ilc sloic ol ilc
cicinal."
Samsaya: Is ilc abodc ol lcavcn dcsciibcd lcic ilc piadlana, jva, oi ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa: Tlc abodc ol lcavcn lcic is ilc piadlana bccausc piadlana is ilc
causc ol all maiciial iiansloimaiions and also bccausc ilc woids amiia-sciu (ilc
sloic ol ilc cicinal) appiopiiaicly dcsciibc piadlana, wlicl lcads ilc living
cniiiics io libciaiion jusi as mill biings nouiislmcni io a call. Tlc woid aima in
ilis passagc may iclci io piadlana ciilci bccausc piadlana biings lappincss io
ilc living cniiiics oi bccausc ii is all-pcivading. Tlcn again ilc woids in ilis
passagc may iclci io ilc jva bccausc ilc jva is ilc cnjoyci ol ilc ilc ilings in ilis
woild and bccausc ilc j.iva posscsscs ilc mind and ilc bicail mcniioncd in ilis
passagc.
Siddlanai: Now lc spcals ilc conclusion.
Sufra 1
dyu-blv-ady-ayaianam sva-sabdai
dyu-ol lcavcn; blv-and caiil; adi-bcginning wiil; ayaianam-ilc abodc; sva-
own; sabdai-bccausc ol ilc woid.

Tlc dcsciipiion "ilc abodc ol lcavcn, caiil, and oilci ilings," iclcis io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ilc woids in ilis passagc spccilically
dcsciibc Him.

Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ilc abodc ol lcavcn" lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Wly' Tlc suiia says sva-sabdai (bccausc ilc woids in ilis passagc
spccilically dcsciibc Him). Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is iclciicd io lcic
bccausc ilc woid amiiasya sciul (ilc sloic ol ilc cicinal) can iclci io Him alonc
and no onc clsc. lccausc ii comcs liom ilc vcib sinoii, wlicl mcans "io bind," ilc
pliasc amiiasya sciul mcans "Hc wlo cnablcs onc io aiiain ilc cicinal." Oi ilc
woid sciul lcic may mcan "lilc a biidgc." As a biidgc cnablcs on io cioss io ilc
oilci sidc ol iivcis and oilci bodics ol waici, in ilc samc way ilis biidgc cnablcs
onc io aiiain ilc libciaiion ilai lics on ilc oilci sloic ol ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd
biiil and dcail. Tlai is ilc mcaning ol ilis woid. In ilis maiici ilc Svciasvaiaia
Upanisad (3.S and 6.15) says iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii (Onc can ovcicomc ilc
pail ol biiil and dcail only by undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad).
Ncxi lc says:
Sufra 2
muliopasipya vyapadcsai
mulia-libciaicd; upasipya-aiiaining; vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni.

lccausc ii is said ilai ilis abodc ol lcavcn is aiiaincd by ilc libciaicd souls.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Giodlcad is aiiaincd by ilc libciaicd souls is
dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Mundala Upanisad (3.1.3):
yada pasyal pasyaic iulma-vainam
laiiaiam sam puiusam bialma-yonim
iada vidvan punya-papc vidluya
niianjanal paiamam samyam upaiii
"Onc wlo sccs ilai goldcn-coloicd Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc Supicmc Loid,
ilc supicmc acioi, wlo is ilc souicc ol ilc Supicmc lialman, bccomcs licc liom
ilc icaciions io pasi pious and sinlul dccds, and bccomcs libciaicd, aiiaining ilc
samc iiansccndcnial plailoim as ilc Loid."
Sufra 3
nanumanam aiac-clabdai
na-noi; anumanam-ilai wlicl is inlciicd; aiai-noi ilai; sabdai-bccausc ol a
woid.
Tlc "piadlana" is noi ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil" lcic bccausc ilcic is no
woid appiopiiaic io ii in ilis passagc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc piadlana dcsciibcd in ilc smiii-sasiias is noi iclciicd io in ilis passagc.
Wly' Tlc suiia says aiac-clabdai, wlicl mcans ilai nonc ol ilc woids in ilis
passagc aic appiopiiaic loi ilc inscniicni piadlana.
Sufra +
piana-blic ca
piana-blii-ilc jva ca-and.
Ioi ilc samc icason ilc "jva" is noi ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid na (noi) and ilc pliasc giving ilc icason (iac-clabdai) slould bc
undcisiood lcic liom ilc picvious suiia. Tlc woid aima lcic also cannoi bc
undcisiood io bc ilc jva bccausc ilc woid aima, bccausc ii is dciivcd liom ilc
vcib aiaii (io go), musi piimaiily iclci io ilc all-pcivading Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc woid saiva-vii (all-lnowing) also cannoi iclci io ilc jva. Ioi ilcsc
icasons, bccausc ilc woids in ilis passagc ol ilc Upanisad aic noi appiopiiaic loi
sucl an inicipiciaiion, lc says ilai ilc jva cannoi bc ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and
caiil" mcniioncd lcic.
Sufra 5
blcda-vyapadcsac ca
blcda-dillcicncc; vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion; ca-and.

And also bccausc ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilcm is spccilically dcsciibcd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc jva is noi ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil" bccausc ilc sciipiuics alliim
ilai ilc jva and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic dillcicni, as cxplaincd in
ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.2.5) in ilc woids iam cvailam janailaimanam (Know
Him io bc ilc only Supicmc Loid).
Sufra 6
pialaianai
pialaianai-bccausc ol ilc conicxi.
And also bccausc ol ilc conicxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil" lcic musi bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad bccausc ol ilc conicxi. Tlc opcning siaicmcni ol ilis passagc undci
discussion (Mundala Upanisad (1.1.3)), asls lasmin nu vijnaic saivam idam
vijnaiam blavaii (Wlai is ilc onc iling, lnowing wlicl cvciyiling bccomcs
lnown'). Tlcicloic ilc passagc ilai lollows musi dcsciibc ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Sufra 7
siliiy-adanablyam ca
siliii-siaying; adanablyam-caiing; ca-and.
And also bccausc onc is caiing and ilc oilci sianding.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alici dcsciibing ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil," ilc Mundala Upanisad
(3.1.1) says:
dva supaina sayuja sallaya
samanam vilsam paiisasvajaic
iayoi anyal pippalam svady aiii
anasnann anyo 'blicalasii
"Two liicndly biids siay on ilc samc iicc. Onc cais ilc swcci pippala liuiis and
ilc oilci, noi caiing, slincs wiil gicai splcndoi."
Il ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil" lad noi bccn picviously mcniioncd ilcn
(ilcic would bc) no (icason io assumc) ilai ilc splcndid biid lcic is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Oilciwisc (il ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and caiil" lad noi
bccn mcniioncd), ilc suddcn, unannounccd mcniion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad (in ilis liiilc allcgoiy ol ilc biids) would noi bc acccpiablc. Tlc jva,
wlo is alicady wcll lnown in ilc woild, did noi nccd io lavc bccn picviously
mcniioncd in ilc samc way lcic. Ioi ilcsc icasosn ilc "abodc ol lcavcn and
caiil" lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Adhikarana 2
The FuIIness is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya: Wlcn, alici dcsciibing ilc Loid's loly namcs and qualiiics, lc was
aslcd a qucsiion by Si Naiada Muni, Si Sanai-lumaia said (Clandogya Upanisad
7.23.1-7.2+.1):
bluma iv cva vijijnasiiavya iii blumanam blagavo vijijnasa iii. yaiia nanyai
pasyaii nanyac clinoii nanyad vijanaii sa bluma. aila yaiianyai pasyaiy anyac
clinoiy anyad vijanaii iad-alpam
"'Onc slould asl aboui lluma.' 'My loid, I wisl io lnow aboui lluma.' 'Wlcn
onc aiiains Him onc sccs noiling clsc, lcais noiling clsc, and lnows noiling clsc.
Tlai is lluma. Wlcn onc sccs somciling clsc, lcais somciling clsc, and lnows
somciling clsc, lc lnows ilai wlicl is vciy small.'"
Hcic ilc woid bluma docs noi mcan many." Hcic ii mcans "all-pcivading."
Tlc icxi says yaiianyai pasyaii. . .iad-alpam (Wlcn onc sccs somciling clsc, lc
sccs ilai wlicl is vciy small). Tlc lluma is coniiasicd againsi alpa (ilc small.
Tlc opposiic ol small is "all-pcivading," noi "many." Tlcicloic lluma lcic mcans
"all-pcivading."
Samsaya: Docs lluma lcic mcan piana (lilc-bicail) oi Loid Visnu'
Puivapalsa: In ilc passagc picvious io ilis ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.15.1)
says piano va asaya bluyan (piana is bciici ilan lopc). lccausc piana is ilc iopic
immcdiaicly picccding lluma, and bccausc no qucsiion and answci inicivcncs
bciwccn ilcm, ilcicloic piana and lluma aic ilc samc. lcic ilc woid piana (lilc-
bicail) mcans ilc jva soul wlo las bicail loi lis companion. Ii docs noi mcan
mcicly aii. lccausc ilis passagc bcgins by dcsciibing ilc jva soul (7.1.3) iaiaii
solam aima-vii (Hc wlo lnows ilc soul ciosscs bcyond giicl) and cnds by again
dcsciibing ilc jva soul (7.26.1) aimana cvcdam saivam (Tlc soul is cvciyiling),
ilcicloic ilc dcsciipiion ol lluma siiuaicd bciwccn ilcsc iwo siaicmcnis musi bc
a dcsciipiion ol ilc jva soul. Wlcn ilc Upanisad says (7.25.1) yaiia nanyai
pasyaii (Wlcn onc aiiains Him onc sccs noiling clsc), ii mcans, in ilis
inicipiciaiion, ilai wlcn ilc jva is iapi in dccp slccp and lis scnscs aic all in ilc
giip ol piana, lc cannoi scc anyiling bcyond limscll. Wlcn ilc Upanisad says
(7.23.1) yo vai bluma iai sullam (ilc lluma is bliss) ii docs noi coniiadici ilc
idca ilai ilc lluma is ilc jva lcic bccausc ilc siuii-sasiia says iasyam sullam
alam asvapsam (I slcpi vciy lappily). In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilis passagc ol
ilc Upanisad dcsciibcs ilc jva soul. All ilc oilci poiiions ol ilis passagc aic also
vciy lavoiablc io ilis inicipiciaiion ol ilc jva.
Siddlania: Hc says:
Sufra 8
bluma sampiasadad adlyupadcsai
bluma-ilc lluma; sampiasadai-ilan ilc jva, wlo is ilc objcci ol ilc Loid's
mcicy; adli-gicaici; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling.
(Tlc lluma lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) bccausc ol ilc
sciipiuial icacling ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is supciioi io ilc jva
soul.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc lluma lcic is Loid Visnu and noi ilc jva, wlo las piana (lilc-bicail) as
lis companion. Wly' Tlc suiia says sampiasadad adly upadcsai (bccausc ol ilc
sciipiuial icacling ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is supciioi io ilc jva
soul). Tlc lluma is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ilc passagc lcic
in ilc woids (Clandogya Upanisad 7.23.1) yo vai bluma iai sullam (ilc lluma
is bliss) says ilai ilc lluma is lull ol gicai bliss, and bccausc ilc suiia lcic says
ilai ilc lluma is supciioi io all. Oi ilc lluma is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad bccausc ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.3.+) in ilc woids csa sampiasado
'smac claiiai samuiilaya (Tlc jva wlo las aiiaincd ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid iiscs
abovc ilc gioss maiciial body and aiiains ilc cllulgcni spiiiiual woild) says ilai
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is supciioi io ilc jva, wlo is dcpcndcni on
ilc Loid's mcicy, and wlo las piana (lilc-bicail) as lis companion. Tlc
mcaning is ilis: Alici dcsciibing namcs and a losi ol oilci ilings, ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (7.15.2) says sa va csa cvam pasyan cvam manvana cvam vijanann aii-
vad blavaii (Hc wlo sccs piana, mcdiiaics on piana, and undcisiands piana
bccomcs a iiuc lnowci ol ilings), and ilcn alici saying ilai ilc lnowci ol piana
bccomcs a iiuc lnowci ol ilings, ilc Upanisad ilcn says (7.16.1) csa iu va
aiivadaii yal saiycnaiivadaii (Hc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
is in icaliiy ilc iiuc lnowci ol ilings). Tlc woid iu (bui) lcic cnds ilc discussion
ol piana. Tlcn ilc gicaicsi aiivad (wisc man) is dcsciibcd as lc wlo lnows ilc
saiya, wlicl lcic mcans "Loid Visnu." In ilis way ilc Upansad cxplains ilai ilc
lluma is boil dillcicni liom and supciioi io piana. lccausc in ilis way ilc
lluma is dcclaicd io bc supciioi io piana, piana cannoi bc idcniical wiil ilc
lluma.
Tlc lluma is lcic iaugli io bc supciioi io ilc sciics bcginning wiil namc and
culminaiing in piana and ilcicloic ii is clcaily sccn io bc dillcicni liom spcccl
and ilc oilci iicms in ilis sciics. In ilis way ilc lluma is iaugli io bc supciioi io
piana.
Tlc woid saiya is lamous as a namc loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
Loid Visnu. Tlc sciipiuics usc ilc woid saiya in ilis way. Ioi cxamplc, ilc
Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1.2) says saiyam jnanam ananiam (ilc unlimiicd Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc) and ilc Simad-
llagavaiam (1.1.1) says saiyam paiam dlmali (I mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad). Tlc woid saiycna is in ilc insiiumcnial casc io slow in
ilc scnsc ol "bccausc." Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai onc bccomcs an aiivad (wisc
man) bccausc ol ilc saiya, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc pcison wlo
mcdiiaics on piana is callcd an aiivad (wisc man) bccausc lc is wisc in
compaiison io ilcy wlo mcdiiaic on ilc sciics ol objccis mcniioncd picviously,
bcginning wiil piana and culminaiing in lopc. lui lc wlo mcdiiaics on Loid
Visnu is supciioi io ilc pcison wlo mcdiiaics on piana. Tlcicloic lc wlo
mcdiiaics on Loid Visnu is ilc ical, ilc bcsi aiivad (wisc man).
Ioi ilis icason ilc siudcni asls (Clandogya Upanisad (7.16.1) so 'lam
blagaval saiycnaiivadani (my loid, I will bccomc a man wisc wiil lnowlcdgc ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad). Tlc guiu ilcn answcis saiyam iv cva
vijijnasiiavyam (onc musi ycain io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad).
Tlc objcciion ilai bccausc alici ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc aiivad wisc wiil
lnowlcdgc ol piana ilcic aic no luiilci qucsiions and answcis, ilcicloic ilc
subjcci ol piana coniinucs inio ilc ncxi scnicncc, is noi a valid objcciion.
Moicovci, (ii may bc said,) bccausc ilcic aic no qucsiions alici ilc dcsciipiion ol
piana, (ilcicloic piana is ilc liglcsi). In dcsciibing ilc sciics ol inanimaic
clcmcnis, bcginning wiil namc and culminaiing in lopc, ilc guiu did noi say ilai
ilc lnowci ol any ol ilcsc was an aiivad (wisc man). Howcvci, wlcn lc
dcsciibcd piana, wlicl lcic mcans ilc jva, lc did say ilai ilc lnowci ol piana is
an aiivad. Tlc siudcni ilcn assumcs ilai piana is ilc liglcsi. Tlai is wly lc asls
no luiilci qucsiion. Tlc guiu, lowcvci, noi acccpiing piana as ilc liglcsi,
piocccds io cxplain ilai Loid Visnu is liglci ilan piana. Tlc siudcni, lowcvci,
now iaugli ilai Loid Visnu is ilc liglcsi, bccomcs cagci io lnow low io
mcdiiaic on Him, and asls so 'lam blagaval saiycnaiivadani (my loid, I will
bccomc a man wisc wiil lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad).
Tlc opponcni may say, "Wlai is iclciicd io lcic is ilc jva, wlo is ilc
companion ol piana (lilc-bicail), and wlo is iclciicd io in ilc bcginning ol ilis
passagc as aima."
Tlc icply is: No. Hcic ilc woid aima piimaiily mcans ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad bccausc io inicipici ilc woid oilciwisc would coniiadici ilc
siaicmcni ai ilc bcginning ol ilc passagc (7.26.1) aimanal pianal (liom ilc aima
piana is manilcsicd). Tlis vicw ol ilc opponcni coniiadicis ilc siaicmcni (7.2+.1)
yaiia nanyai pasyaii nanyac clinoii nanyad vijanaii sa bluma. (Wlcn onc aiiains
Him onc sccs noiling clsc, lcais noiling clsc, and lnows noiling clsc. Tlai is
lluma). Tlis dcsciipiion ol ilc pciccpiion ol lluma clcaily icluics any idca ilai
ilc woid lluma could mcan anyiling oilci ilan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc sciipiuics say sausupiilam sullam alpam (ilc lappincss ol dccp
slccp is vciy sligli), and ilcicloic io say ilai ilc woid lluma lcic mcans "ilc jva
wlo is soundly slccping" is simply lauglablc. Ioi all ilcsc icasons, ilcicloic, ilc
lluma dcsciibcd lcic is Loid Visnu.
Sufra 9
dlaimopapaiics ca
dlaima-qualiiics; upapaiicl-bccausc ol ilc appiopiiaicncss; ca-and.
And also bccausc ilc qualiiics dcsciibcd lcic can bc asciibcd io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad only.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc qualiiics asciibcd lcic io ilc lluma aic suiiablc only loi ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Loid Visnu, and noi loi anyonc clsc. Tlc Upanisad says
(7.2+.1) yo vai bluma iad amiiam (Tlc lluma is ilc cicinal). Tlis dcsciibcs ilc
cicinalncss ilai is a naiuial lcaiuic ol ilc Supicmc. Tlc Upanisad also says sa
blagaval lasmin piaiisiliia iii svc malimni (Wlcic docs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad siay' Hc siays in His own gloiy). Tlis cxplains ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad docs noi dcpcnd on anyonc. Tlc sciipiuics also say sa
cvadlasiai (Tlc Supicmc Pcison is abovc, bclow, in lioni, bclind, io ilc lcli and
io ilc iigli). Tlis slows ilai ilc Loid is ilc uliimaic slclici ol cvciyonc and
cvciyiling. Tlc sciipiuics say (Clandogya Upanisad 7.26.1) aimanal pianal
(Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc lilc-loicc is manilcsicd). Tlis
slows ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc oiiginal causc ol all causcs.
Tlcsc aic somc ol ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics.
Adhikarana 3
"Aksara" Refers fo fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya: Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.S.7-S) says:
lasmin llalu alasa oias ca pioias ccii. sa lovaca. ciad vai iad alsaiam gaigi
bialmana ablivadanii asilulam ananv aliasvam adiglam aloliiam asnclam
acclayam
"'In wlai is ilc sly wovcn, waip and wool'' Hc said: 'O Gaigi, ilc bialmanas
say ii is wovcn in ilc cicinal. Tlc cicinal is noi laigc, noi small, noi sloii, noi iall,
noi icd, noi liquid, wiiloui sladc).
Samsaya: Is ilc alsaia (cicinal) lcic piadlana, jva, oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa: Tlc woid Svciasvaiaia Upanisadalsaia lcic may dcnoic any ol ilc
ilicc. Tlc mcaning is ambiguous.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 10
alsaiam ambaiania-dliicl
alsaiam-ilc cicinal; ambaia-wiil sly; ania-ai ilc cnd; dliicl-bccausc ol bcing
ilc suppoii.
Tlc woid "alsaia" lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bccausc
ilc "alsaia" is dcsciibcd as ilc icsiing placc ol all ilc clcmcnis, bcginning wiil
ilc giosscsi and culminaiing in sly.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc alsaia lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wly' Tlc suiia says
amabaiania-dliicl (bccausc ilc alsaia is dcsciibcd as ilc icsiing placc ol all ilc
clcmcnis, bcginning wiil ilc giosscsi and culminaiing in sly). Tlc Upanisad says
ciasmin llalu alsaic gaigy alasa oias ca pioias ca (O Gaigi, ilc sly is wovcn,
waip and wool, in ilc cicinal). ilc woid alsaia musi iclci io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ii is lcic dcsciibcd as ilc icsiing placc ol all ilc
clcmcnis, wlicl culminaic in sly.
Tlc objcciion may bc iaiscd: "Alsaia lcic may iclci io piadlana bccausc
piadlana is ilc oiigin ol all ilc clangcs ol ilis woild. Alsaia may also iclci io ilc
jva bccausc ilc jva is ilc icsiing placc ol all inanimaic objccis ilai comc wiilin
iis pciccpiion."
Il ilcsc objcciions aic iaiscd, lc ilcn says:
Sufra 11
sa ca piasasanai
sa-ilai; ca-and; piasasanai-bccausc ol ilc command.

"Alsaia" lcic musi iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ilc
icxi says ilai cvciyiling is suppoiicd by His command.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc picvious suiia ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is dcsciibcd as ilc
icsiing placc ol all ilc clcmcnis, bcginning wiil ilc giosscsi and culminaiing in
sly. Wly is ilis' Tlc suiia says piasasanai (bccausc ilc icxi says ilai cvciyiling
is suppoiicd by His command). Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.S.9) says ciasya
va alsaiasya piasasanc gaigi dyava-piiliv vidliic iisilaial. ciasya va alsaiasya
piasasanc gaigi suiya-candiamasau vidliiau iisilaial (ly ilc command ol ilc
cicinal, O Gaigi, lcavcn and caiil aic manilcsi. ly ilc command ol ilc cicinal, O
Gaigi, ilc sun and moon aic manilcsi). lccausc ilcsc woids dcsciibc ilc oidci ol
ilc cicinal, ilc cicinal slould bc undcisiood io bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Nciilci ilc inanimaic, unconscious piadlana, noi ilc condiiioncd oi
libciaicd jva can cicaic cvciyiling simply by ilcii command.
Sufra 12
anya-blava-vyaviiics ca
anya-anoilci; blava-naiuic; vyaviiicl-bccausc ol ilc cxclusion; ca-also.

And also bccausc ilc icxi dcsciibcs cciiain qualiiics ilai spccilically cxcludc
any oilci bcing.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.S.11) says iad va ciad alsaiam gaigy adisiam
diasii asiuiam sioii (O Gaigi, ilis cicinal sccs, bui is unsccn. Hc lcais, bui is
unlcaid). lccausc ilcsc woids dcsciibc ilc alsaia in icims ilai cannoi bc applicd
io anyonc bui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc woid alsaia musi iclci io
ilc Supicmc Pcison. Tlc piadlana is inanimaic and unconscious and ilcicloic ii
cannoi scc. lccausc ilc icxi lcic says ilai ilc alsaia sccs cvciyiling bui cannoi bc
sccn by anyonc, ii cannoi mcan ilc jva.
Adhikarana +
The "Purusa" Seen in BrahmaIoka is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Piasna Upanisad (5.2.2-5) ilc lollowing passagc is icad:
ciad vai saiyalama paiam capaiam ca bialma yad omlaias iasmad vidvan
cicnaivayaiancnailaiaiam anvcii. . . yal punai ciam iii-maiicnom iiy
ancnaivalsaicna paiamm puiusam ablidlyayia sa icjasi suiyc sampanno yaila
padodaias ivacaviniimucyaic cvam laiva sa papmablii viniimulial sa samablii
unnyaic bialmalolam sa ciasmai jva-glanai paiai paiam puiisayam puiusam
vlsaici1)
"O Saiyalama, ilc syllablc om is boil ilc supciioi lialman and ilc inlciioi
lialman. A wisc man aiiains onc ol ilcsc iwo lialmans. . .Onc wlo, icciiing ilc
cicinal om ol ilicc lcngils, mcdiiaics on ilc Supicmc Pcison, will aiiain ilc sun-
planci. As a snalc slcds iis slin so docs lc bccomc licc liom all sins. ly ilc
lymns ol ilc Vcdas lc is caiiicd io lialmalola. Tlcic lc diiccily sccs ilc
Supicmc Soul, ilc Supicmc Pcison icsiding in ilc lcaii."
Samsaya: Is ilc pcison sccn and mcdiiaicd on ilc loui-laccd dcmigod lialma
oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa: Tlc icxi lcic says ilai ilc dcvoicc wlo mcdiiaics on om ol onc
lcngil aiiains ilc woild ol mcn, ilc dcvoicc wlo mcdiiaics on om ol iwo lcngils
aiiains ilc woild ol lcavcn, and ilc dcvoicc wlo mcdiiaics on om ol onc lcngil
aiiains ilc woild ol lialma. Tlc planci lcic is ilc planci ol ilc loui-laccd
dcmigod lialma and ilc pcison sccn by onc wlo gocs ilcic is ilc loui-laccd
dcmigod lialma.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 13
lsaii-laima-vyapadcsai sal
lsaii-ol sccing; laima-objcci; vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion; sal-Hc.
Tlc pcison lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ilc dcsciipiion
ol ilc objcci ol vision lcic liis ilc Supicmc Pcison.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc lsaii-laima, oi objcci ol
vision. Wly' ilc suiia says vyapadcsai (bccausc ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc objcci ol
vision lcic liis ilc Supicmc Pcison). Tlis is so bccausc ilc Upanisad (5.2.7)
dcsciibcs ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad in ilc lollowing
woids: iam omlaicnaivayaiancnanvcii vidvan yai iac claniam ajaiam amiiam
ablayam paiam paiayanam ca (ly icciiing om ilc wisc man aiiains ilc supicmcly
pcacclul, agclcss, cicinal, lcailcss Supicmc, ilc uliimaic goal ol lilc). Tlc
conclusion is ilai, accoiding io ilc aigumcni ol nisada-silapaiy-adlilaiana-
nyaya, ilc woid bialmalola lcic mcans Visnulola (ilc planci ol Loid Visnu).
Adhikarana 5
The "Dahara" is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya: In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.1.1) is lcaid ilc lollowing:
aila yad idam asmin bialma-puic dalaiam pundailam vcsma dalaio sminn
aniai alasas iasmin yad anias iad anvcsiavyam iad vijijnasiiavyam
"In a gicai ciiy is a small loius palacc. In ilai palacc is a small sly. Tlai sly
slould bc sougli. Tlai sly slould bc aslcd aboui."
Samsaya: Wlai is ilc small sly lcic in ilc loius ol ilc lcaii' Is ii ilc clcmcni
sly, ilc jva, oi Loid Visnu'
Puivapalsa: lccausc ilc woid alasa gcncially mcans ilc clcmcni sly ii musi
also lavc ilai samc mcaning lcic. Oi, bccausc ilc jva is vciy small and also ilc
masici ol ilc ciiy ol ilc body, ii may mcan ilc jva.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 1+
dalaia uiiaicblyal
dalaial-ilc small; uiiaicblyal-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiions ilai lollow.
Tlc small sly lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ol ilc
dcsciipiion givcn in ilc icmaindci ol ilc icxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc small sly lcic is Loid Visnu. Wly' Tlc suiia says uiiaicblyal, wlicl
mcans "bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion givcn in ilc icmaindci ol ilc icxi." Tlc
dcsciipiions uscd lcic io dcsciibc ilc small sly, sucl as "as gicai as ilc sly,"
"mainiaining cvciyiling," and "licc liom all sin," cannoi bc uscd io dcsciibc ciilci
ilc clcmcni sly oi ilc jva soul. Tlc "gicai ciiy" dcsciibcd in ilis Upanisad is ilc
body ol ilc dcvoicc. Tlc "loius" is ilc lcaii in ilc body. Tlc "palacc" is ilc abodc
ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc woid "small sly" is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo slould bc mcdiiaicd upon and sougli alici, and wlo
posscsscs a losi ol iiansccndcnial qualiiics, including bcing always licc ol all sin.
Tlc passagc slould bc inicipicicd in ilis way. Tlcicloic ilc small sly lcic is Loid
Visnu. Tlcn lc says-
Sufra 15
gaii-sabdablyam iaila li disiam lingam ca
gaii-bccausc ol going; sabdablyam-and bccausc ol a cciiain woid; iaila li-
luiilcimoic; disiam-sccn; lingam-linicd; ca-and.
Tlis is so bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol going, bccausc ol ilc usc ol a cciiain
woid, and bccausc ii is boil diiccily sccn and also linicd ai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (S.3.2) says:
yaila liianya-nidlim niliiam alsciiajna upaii sancaianio 'pi na vidus iailcmal
saival piaja alai alai gacclaniya cnam bialmalolam na vidaniy aniicna li
piaiyudlal
"As pcoplc, unawaic ol wlai ilc giound aciually lolds, wall again and again
ovci buiicd goldcn iicasuic, so do ilc pcoplc ol ilis woild day alici day go io ilc
spiiiiual woild ol lialman wiiloui lnowing ii."
"Lnam" (ilis), wlicl poinis io ilc "small sly," is ilc "cciiain woid"
mcniioncd in ilc suiia, and ilc dcsciipiion lcic ol ilc living cniiiics' "going io
ilc spiiiiual woild ol lialman" is ilc "going" mcniioncd in ilc suiia. loil cnam
and ilc going mcniioncd lcic slow ilai Loid Visnu is ilc "small sly."
Iuiilcimoic, in anoilci placc ilc sciipiuics again dcsciibc ilc living cniiiics'
going io ilc Supicmc in ilcsc woids: saia saumya iada sampanno blavaii (O
gcnilc onc, ilc living cniiiics aic again and again in coniaci wiil ilc Supicmc).
Tlis is ilc "diiccily sccn" mcniioncd in ilc suiia. Tlc usc ol ilc woid bialmalola
linis ilai Loid Visnu is ilc iopic ol discussion lcic. Tlis is ilc "lini" mcniioncd
in ilc suiia. Tlc woid bialmalola lcic cannoi iclci io ilc Saiyalola planci
bccausc ii is noi possiblc loi ilc living cniiiics io go day alici day io ilc Saiyalola
planci.
Sufra 16
dliics ca malimno 'syasminn upalabdlcl
dliicl-bccausc ol mainiaining; ca-and; malimnal-ol ilc gloiy; asya-ol Him;
asmin-in ilis; upalabdlcl-bccausc ol bcing siaicd.
Tlis is so bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol His gloiy in mainiaining all ilc woilds.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids dalaio 'sminn aniai alasal (in ilai
palacc is a small sly), ilc dcsciipiions "as gicai as ilc sly," "mainiaining
cvciyiling," and "licc liom all sin," and ilc usc ol ilc woid aima clcaily, and
wiiloui nccd io iuin io any oilci passagc, slow ilai ilc "small sly" mcniioncd
lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(+.+.22) also says: aila ya aima sa sciui vidliiii csam lolanam asamblcdaya (Hc is
ilc Supicmc Pcison, ilc biidgc, ilc coniiollci wlo picvcnis ilc woilds liom
bccoming biolcn and dcsiioycd). lccausc ilc "small sly" is ilus slown io posscss
ilc gloiy ol mainiaining all ilc woilds, ilc "small sly" lcic musi bc Loid Visnu.
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad also says: csa sciui vidlaiana csam lolanam
asamblcdaya (Hc is ilc biidgc, ilc coniiollci wlo picvcnis ilc woilds liom
bccoming biolcn and dcsiioycd). In ilcsc passagcs and in oilcis also, ilis gloiy ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad may bc sccn.
Sufra 17
piasiddlcs ca
piasiddlcl-bccausc ol bcing lamous in ilis way; ca-and.
And also bccausc ilis is a iiadiiional usagc ol ilc woid.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis is so bccausc ilc woid "sly" is commonly uscd io mcan "ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad," as may bc sccn in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Taiiiiiya
Upanisad (2.7.1): lo ly cvanyai lal pianyai. yad csa alasa anando na syai. (Wlo
could bicailc il ilc sly wcic noi bliss')
Somconc may iaisc ilc lollowing objcciion: Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (S.3.+)
says: sa csa sampiasado 'smac claiiai samuiilaya paiam jyoiii upasampadya
svcna iupcnablinispadyaic. csa aimcii lovaca. ciad amiiam ciad ablayam ciad
bialma ("Tlc libciaicd jva iiscs liom ilc maiciial body. Hc aiiains ilc spiiiiual
cllulgcncc and manilcsis lis oiiginal loim. Tlis is ilc scll," lc said. "Hc is
immoiial. Hc is lcailcss. Hc is lialman"). lccausc ilis dcsciipiion ol ilc jva
appcais immcdiaicly aliciwaid, ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc small sly" slould bc
undcisiood io iclci io ilc jva.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, lc icplics:
Sufra 18
iiaia-paiamaisai sa iii ccn nasamblavai
iiaia-ilc oilci; paiamaisai-bccausc ol iclcicncc; sal-lc; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi;
asamblavai-bccausc ol impossibiliiy.
Il ii is said ilai bccausc ilcic is mcniion ol somciling clsc (ilc jva) in ilc
samc passagc (and ilcicloic ilc "small sly" lcic is ilc jva, ilcn I say) No,
bccausc ii is impossiblc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl in ilc middlc ol ilis passagc ilcic is a dcsciipiion ol ilc jva,
ncvciilclcss ii is noi possiblc io say ilai ilc bcginning ol ilis passagc dcsciibcs
ilc jva. Wly' Tlc suiia says asamblavai (bccausc ii is impossiblc). Tlis is so
bccausc in ilc bcginning ol ilis passagc ilcic is a dcsciipiion ol cigli qualiiics,
bcginning wiil "bcing licc liom sin," ilai cannoi bc asciibcd io ilc jva.
Now oui opponcni may say: So bc ii. Siill, alici ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc "small
sly," ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.7.1) says ya aimapalaia-papma vijaio vimiiyui
visolo vijiglaiso 'pipasal saiya-lamal saiya-sanlalpal so 'nvcsiavyal sa
vijijnasiiavyal (Tlc soul is licc liom sin, old-agc, dcail, sullciing, lungci, and
iliisi. Ii dcsiics only ilc good. Wlaicvci ii dcsiics is aiiaincd ai oncc). lccausc
ilcsc woids ol ilc Piajapaii dcsciibc ilc jva ilc qualiiics dcsciibcd in 7.7.1 and
ilc "small sly" dcsciibcd bcloic ilai may also iclci io ilc jva.
Considciing ilai ilis doubi migli aiisc, lc says:
Sufra 19
uiiaiac ccd aviiblava-svaiupas iu
uiiaiai-bccausc ol a laici passagc; cci-il; aviiblava-manilcsiaiion; svaiupas-
loim; iu-indccd.

Il ii is said ilai a laici passagc (piovcs ilai ilc small sly" is ilc jva ilcn I say
no.) Tlc dcsciipiion ol ilc iiuc naiuic ol ilc jva is conlincd io ilai passagc alonc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid na (no) slould bc
undcisiood liom ilc picvious suiia. In ilis passagc spolcn by ilc Piajapaii ilc
icacling is ilai ilc jva manilcsis ilcsc qualiiics by cngaging in spiiiiual aciiviiics,
bui oilciwisc ilcsc qualiiics aic noi manilcsicd. In ilc passagc dcsciibing ilc
"small sly" ilcsc cigli aiiiibuics aic said io bc cicinally manilcsicd. Tlc siaicmcni
ol ilc Piajapaii is, lowcvci, ilai ilcsc qualiiics aic picscni in ilc jva only il lc
cngagcs in spiiiiual aciiviiics. Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (S.3.+) clcaily cxplains
ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad (wlo posscsscs ilcsc
cigli qualiiics in all ciicumsianccs) and ilc jva (wlo posscsscs ilcsc qualiiics
only wlcn lc bccomcs libciaicd) in ilc lollowing woids: sa csa sampiasado 'smac
claiiai samuiilaya paiam jyoiii upasampadya svcna iupcnablinispadyaic. csa
aimcii lovaca. ciad amiiam ciad ablayam ciad bialma ("Tlc libciaicd jva iiscs
liom ilc maiciial body. Hc aiiains ilc spiiiiual cllulgcncc and manilcsis lis
oiiginal loim. Tlis is ilc scll," lc said. "Hc is immoiial. Hc is lcailcss. Hc is
lialman"). Alilougl ilc jva may manilcsi somc ol ilcsc cigli qualiiics by
cngaging in spiiiiual aciiviiics, lc siill cannoi manilcsi all ol ilcm. Tlc qualiiics ol
bcing ilc "biidgc ilai spans ilc woilds," and bcing ilc "mainiainci ol ilc woilds"
aic somc ol ilc qualiiics ilc jva can ncvci aiiain. Tlis piovcs ilai ilc "small sly"
is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Now oui opponcni says: Il ilis is so, ilcn wly is ilc jva mcniioncd ai all in
ilis passagc'
To answci ilis qucsiion lc says:
Sufra 20
anyaiilas ca paiamaisal
anya-anoilci; aiilas-mcaning; ca-and; paiamaisal-iclcicncc.
Tlc dcsciipiion ol ilc jva lcic las a dillcicni objcci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc jva is dcsciibcd lcic in oidci io icacl aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Wlcn ilc jva bccomcs libciaicd and aiiains lis oiiginal spiiiiual loim,
lc also manilcsis ilcsc cigli qualiiics. In ilis way ii may bc undcisiood ilai ilc
"small sly" is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Now oui opponcni says: lccausc ilc "small sly" wiilin is dcsciibcd as vciy
small ii musi iclci io ilc jva, wlicl was picviously dcsciibcd as also bcing vciy
small.
Il ilis objcciion is givcn, ilcn lc says:
Sufra 21
alpa-siuici iii cci iad-uliam
alpa-small; siuicl-liom ilc siuii; iii-ilus; cci-il; iai-ilai; uliam-said.
Il ii is said ilai wlcn ilc siuii dcsciibcs ilc "small" ii musi iclci io ilc jva,
ilcn I say no bccausc ol wlai las alicady bccn said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad manilcsis a vciy small loim io laciliiaic
mcdiiaiion on Him. Tlis las alicady bccn dcsciibcd in suiia 1.2.7, wlicl says
nicayyaivad cvam vyomavac ca. Tlis suiia cxplains ilai alilougl ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is all-pcivading, in oidci io laciliiaic mcdiiaiion on Him,
Hc manilcsis a small loim ilc sizc ol ilc disiancc bciwccn ilc ilumb and
loiclingci. Hc appcais in ilis small loim so Hc may bc casily mcdiiaicd upon. Ol
couisc, His gloiics lavc no limii and His sizc also las no limii.
Tlcn lc givcs anoilci cxplanaiion.
Sufra 22
anuliics iasya ca
anuliicl-bccausc ol imiiaiion; iasya-ol Him; ca-also.

And also bccausc (ilc jva) mcicly icscmblcs in somc icspccis (ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc, accoiding io ilc siaicmcni ol ilc Piajapaii, ilc jva, wlo only
manilcsis ilc cigli qualiiics wlcn cngagcd in spiiiiual aciiviiics, mcicly icscmblcs
in somc icspccis ilc "small sly," wlo manilcsis ilc cigli qualiiics cicinally, ilc
"small sly" musi bc dillcicni liom ilc jva. Picviously ilc oiiginal loim ol ilc jva
is covcicd by illusion, and ilcn aliciwaids, by woisliping ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, ilc illusion bccomcs biolcn and ilc jva, manilcsiing ilcsc cigli
qualiiics, bccomcs cqual, in somc icspccis, io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. In ilis way, as cxplaincd by ilc Piajapaii, ilc jva icscmblcs, in somc
icspccis, ilc "small sly." Tlc scnicncc pavanam anulaiaic lanuman (Hanuman
icscmblcs ilc wind) slows ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc icscmblcd objcci and ilc
iling ilai icscmblcs ii. Tlai ilc libciaicd jva icscmblcs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad may also bc sccn in ilc lollowing woids liom Mundala Upanisad
(3.1.3): niianjanal paiamam samyam upaiii (ilc libciaicd jva icscmblcs ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad).
Sufra 23
api smaiyaic
api-and; smaiyaic-dcsciibcd in ilc smiii-sasiia.
Tlis is also dcsciibcd in ilc smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc llagavad-gia (1+.2) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Loid Kisna,
also cxplains:
idam jnanam upasiiiya
mama sadlaimyam agaial
saigc 'pi nopajayanic
pialayc na vyailanii ca
"ly bccoming lixcd in ilis lnowlcdgc, onc can aiiain io ilc iiansccndcnial
naiuic lilc My own. Oncc csiablislcd, onc is noi boin ai ilc iimc ol cicaiion oi
disiuibcd ai ilc iimc ol dissoluiion."
In ilis way ilc smiii-sasiia cxplains ilai ilc libciaicd jvas aiiain a naiuic lilc
ilai ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ioi ilcsc icasons ilc "small sly" is
Loid Haii and noi ilc jva.
Adhikarana 6
The Person fhe Size of a Thumb is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya: In ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.1.12) ilc lollowing woids aic icad:
angusila-maiial puiuso
madlya aimani iisilaii
sano bluia-blavyaysya
iaio na vijugupsaic
"A pcison ilc sizc ol a ilumb siands in ilc lcaii. Hc is ilc masici ol ilc pasi
and luiuic. Hc docs noi lcai."
Samsaya: Is ilis pcison ilc sizc ol a ilumb ilc jva oi Loid Visnu'
Puivapalsa: Tlc pcison lcic is ilc jva bccausc ilc Svciazvaiaia Upanisad (5.7-
S) says pianadlipal sancaiaii sva-laimablii angusia-maiio iavi-iulya-iupal
(Tlc iulci ol bicail movcs aboui, impcllcd by lis laima. Hc is ilc sizc ol a
ilumb. Hc is splcndid as ilc sun).
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 2+
sabdad cva piamiial
sabdai-bccausc ol ilc woid; cva-cvcn; piamiial-limiicd.
Lvcn ilougl (Hc is) vciy small (ilis pcison is ilc Supicmc Loid) bccausc ol
ilc woids (in ilc icxi).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc pcison lcic ilc sizc ol a ilumb is Loid Visnu. Wly' Tlc suiia says sabdai
(bccausc ol ilc woids in ilc icxi). Tlc Upanisad icxi iclciicd io lcic is sano
bluia-blavyaysa (Hc is ilc masici ol ilc pasi and luiuic). Ii is noi possiblc loi ilc
jva, wlo is coniiollcd by lis laima, io posscss ilis powci.
Now ii may bc aslcd: How is ii possiblc loi ilc all-pcivading Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad io bccomc limiicd io ilis vciy small loim'
To answci ilis qucsiion lc says:
Sufra 25
lidy upclsaya iu manusyadlilaiaivai
lidi-in ilc lcaii; upclsaya-wiil iclaiion; iu-indccd; manusya-ol luman bcings;
adlilaiaivai-bccausc ol ilc qualilicaiion.
Tlis is so bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad indccd appcais in ilc
lcaiis ol mcn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (indccd) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Tlc all-pcivading Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs ilc sizc ol a ilumb bccausc Hc is mcdiiaicd on as
bcing ilc sizc ol ilumb wiilin ilc lcaii. Anoilci inicipiciaiion is ilai bccausc Hc
appcais, by His inconccivablc poicncy, in sucl a small loim in ilc lcaii Hc is
mcdiiaicd on in ilai way, as las bccn alicady dcsciibcd.
"lccausc ilc dillcicni spccics lavc bodics ol dillcicni sizcs and lcaiis ol
dillcicni sizcs ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc Loid can appcai in all ol ilcm in ilis
sizc." Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, io answci ii lc says manusyadlilaiaivai (ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad appcais in ilc lcaiis ol mcn). Alilougl ilc
sciipiuics do noi spccily, lc (Vyasa) singlcs oui luman bcings. Hc docs ilis
bccausc ii is luman bcings wlo aic ablc io mcdiiaic and ilcicloic ilc
mcasuicmcni is givcn lcic accoiding io ilc luman body. Ioi ilis icason ilcic is
no coniiadiciion lcic. In ilc samc way in ilc lcaiis ol clcplanis, loiscs, and all
oilci cicaiuics ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad appcais in a loim ilc sizc ol
ilc ilumb ol cacl cicaiuic. In ilis way ilcic is no coniiadiciion. Ii is noi possiblc
loi ilc jva, lowcvci, io bc picscni wiilin ilc lcaii in a loim ilc sizc ol a ilumb
bccausc ilc oiiginal loim ol ilc jva is aiomic in sizc, as cxplaincd in ilc
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (5.9) in ilc woids balagia-saia-blagasya (Wlcn ilc uppci
poini ol a laii is dividcd inio onc lundicd paiis and again cacl ol sucl paiis is
luiilci dividcd inio onc lundicd paiis, cacl sucl paii is ilc mcasuicmcni ol ilc
dimcnsion ol ilc jva soul). Ioi all ilcsc icasons, ilcicloic, ilc pcison ilc sizc ol a
ilumb is Loid Visnu.
Adhikarana 7
The Devas Can Medifafe on fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya: In oidci io piovc ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc pcison
ilc sizc ol a ilumb, ilc Vcdic sciipiuics wcic quoicd io csiablisl ilai ii is luman
bcings wlo lavc ilc iigli io mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcison. Tlai cvidcncc may
lcad io ilc bclicl ilai luman bcings alonc lavc ilc iigli io mcdiiaic on ilc
Supicmc Pcison. Now, by icluiing ilai lalsc bclicl, ilc iigli ol oilcis io mcdiiaic
on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad will bc piovcd.
Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.10) says:
iad yo yo dcvanam piaiyabudlyaia sa cva iad ablavai iailaisnam iaila
manusyanam
"Wlocvci among ilc dcvas mcdiiaicd on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
aiiaincd Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wlocvci among ilc sagcs mcdiiaicd on
Him aiiaincd Him. Wlocvci among ilc luman bcings mcdiiaicd on Him aiiaincd
Him."
Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.16) also says:
iad dcva jyoiisam jyoiii ayui lopasaic 'miiam
"Tlc dcvas mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is ilc
splcndoi ol all splcndois, and wlo is ciciniiy and lilc."
Samsaya: Is ii possiblc loi ilc dcvas io mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, as luman bcings do, oi is ii noi possiblc'
Puivapalsa: lccausc ilc dcvas lavc no scnscs ilcy aic noi ablc io mcdiiaic on
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. India and ilc oilci dcvas aic bcings cicaicd
by maniias. Tlcy lavc no bodily scnscs. lccausc ilcy lavc no scnscs ilcy lavc
nciilci maiciial dcsiics noi spiiiiual icnunciaiion.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 26
iad upaiy api badaiayanal samblavai
iad-ilai; upaii-abovc; api-also; badaiayanal-Vyasadcva; samblavai-bccausc ol
bcing possiblc.
lcings supciioi io lumanlind aic ablc io mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. Tlis is ilc opinion ol Vyasa.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc dcvas and oilci bcings supciioi io lumanlind aic ablc io mcdiiaic on ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is ilc opinion ol Loid Vyasadcva. Wly'
lccausc accoiding io ilc Upanisads, Vcdic maniias, Iiilasas, Puianas, and ancicni
iiadiiion, ilcy do indccd lavc bodics and scnscs. lccausc ilcy lavc lcavcnly
bodics and scnscs ilcy aic ablc io mcdiiaic and ilcy aic also ablc io bccomc
dciaclcd liom ilcii lcavcnly opulcncc and voluniaiily icnouncc ii. lccausc ilcy
aic awaic ol ilc bascncss and impcimancncc ol ilcii cclcsiial opulcncc ilcy aic
ablc io bc dciaclcd liom ii and icnouncc ii. Tlc Visnu Puiana (6.5.50) cxplains:
na lcvalam dvija-sicsila
naialc dullla-paddlaiil
svaigc 'pi yaia-bliasya
lsayisnoi nasii niiviiil
"O bcsi ol ilc bialmanas, ioimcni docs noi cxisi only in lcll. Tlc icsidcnis ol
ilc lcavcnly plancis, aliaid ilai ilcy may onc day lall liom lcavcn, lavc no
lappincss."
Ioi ilis icason ilc dcvas dcsiic spiiiiual lappincss. Tlis is so bccausc ilcy lavc
lcaid liom ilc siuii-sasiia ilai spiiiiual bliss is limiilcss, cicinal, and puic. Tlc
siuii cxplains ilai io aiiain spiiiiual lnowlcdgc ilc dcvas and oilci cclcsiial
bcings obscivc vows ol cclibacy. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(5.2.1) in ilcsc woids: iaiia yal piajapaiyal piajapaiau piiaii bialmacaiyam usui
dcva manusya asuial (Tlc dcvas, lumans, and asuias, wlo wcic all sons ol Loid
lialma, livcd wiil ilcii lailci as cclibaic siudcnis ol spiiiiual lnowlcdgc). In ilc
Clandogya Upanisad (S.11.3) King India is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids: cla-
saiam la vai vaisani maglava piajapaiau bialmacaiyam uvasa (Ioi a lundicd
ycais King India livcd as a cclibaic siudcni ol spiiiiual lnowlcdgc in ilc lomc ol
Loid lialma). Ioi ilcsc icasons, ilcicloic, ilc dcvas and oilci liglci bcings aic
ablc io mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlc lollowing objcciion may bc iaiscd: "Tlis idca (ilai ilc dcvas aic noi bcings
cicaicd by maniias bui aic condiiioncd living cniiiics icsiding in maiciial bodics)
is noi consisicni wiil ilc aciiviiics ol ilc dcvas and oilci liglci bcings bccausc ii
is noi possiblc ilai a singlc cmbodicd dcmigod could comc io many dillcicni
placcs ai oncc wlcn callcd io appcai ai many agniloiia-yajnas in many dillcicni
placcs simuliancously."
Il ilis is said, lc (Vyasa) spcals ilc lollowing woids:
Sufra 27
viiodlal laimanii ccn nancla-piaiipaiici daisanai
viiodlal-coniiadiciion; laimani-in aciiviiics; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi; ancla-
many; piaiipaiicl-bccausc ol ilc acccpiancc; daisanai-bccausc ol sccing.
Il ii is objccicd ilai ilis idca is icluicd by ilc vciy aciiviiics ol ilc dcvas, ilcn I
say no, bccausc ii is sccn ilai ilc dcvas lavc ilc powci io manilcsi many loims
simuliancously.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcic is no coniiadiciion lcic il ii acccpicd ilai ilc dcvas aic cmbodicd souls
wiil maiciial bodics. Wly' Tlc suiia says ancla-piaiipaiici daisanai (bccausc ii is
sccn ilai ilc dcvas lavc ilc powci io manilcsi many loims simuliancously). Tlis
is so bccausc many powcilul bcings, sucl as Saublaii Muni and oilcis, aic ablc io
manilcsi many loims simuliancously.
Tlc objccioi may say: Ii may bc ilai in ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc dcvas' aciiviiics
ilcic is no coniiadiciion loi ilcy wlo say ilai ilc dcvas lavc bodics. Tlcic
icmains, lowcvci, a coniiadiciion in ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas.
lcloic ilc biiil and alici ilc dcail ol cacl dcmigod a pciiod would cxisi wlcn ilc
namc ol ilai dcmigod would noi lavc any mcaning. Ai ilai iimc ilc woids ol ilc
Vcdas would bccomc mcaninglcs, lilc ilc siaicmcni "ilc son ol a baiicn woman."
In ilis way ilis idca is icluicd. Tlc Mmamsa-suiia says: auipaiiilas iu
sabdcnaiilasya sambandlal (In ilc Vcdas ilc iclaiion bciwccn namc and ilc
objcci namcd is cicinal). Tlis idca (ilai ilc dcvas aic cmbodicd souls) would ilcn
coniiadici ilc cicinaliiy ol ilc namcs in ilc Vcdas.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn lc (Vyasa) icplics:
Sufra 28
sabda iii ccn naial piablavai piaiyalsanumanablyam
sabdal-ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-no; aial-liom ilis; piablavai-
bccausc ol cicaiion; piaiyalsa-bccausc ol siuii; anumanablyam-and smiii.
Il somconc objccis ilai ilis idca is inconsisicni wiil ilc cicinal naiuic ol ilc
woids in ilc Vcdas, ilcn I say no bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc
woild and also bccausc ol ilc cvidcncc givcn in siuii and smiii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc idca siaicd lcic (ilai ilc dcvas lavc bodics) is noi inconsisicni wiil ilc
naiuic ol ilc woids in ilc Vcdas. Wly' Tlc suiia says piablavai
piaiyalsanumanablyam (bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc woild
and also bccausc ol ilc cvidcncc givcn in siuii and smiii. Tlc cicaiion ol ilc
maiciial bodics (ol ilc dcvas and oilci bcings in ilc univcisc) is donc (by Loid
lialma) icmcmbciing ilcii cicinal, aiclciypal loims iccoidcd in ilc siaicmcnis ol
ilc Vcdas. Tlcsc aiclciypal loims aic cicinal, and cxisicd bcloic any ol ilc bodics
ol ilc living cniiiics wcic manilcsicd. Tlcsc aiclciypal loims aic dcsciibcd by
Visvalaima in lis own sciipiuic loi diawing loims in ilc woids yamam danda-
panim lillanii vaiunam iu pasa-lasiam (Tlcy diaw ilc dcmigod Yama wiil a
macc in lis land, and ilc dcmigod Vaiuna wiil a noosc in lis land). Tlc Vcdic
woids dcsciibing ilc dcvas and oilci linds ol living cniiiics aic namcs ol cciiain
classcs ol living cniiiy, jusi as ilc woid "cow" is ilc namc ol a cciiain lind ol
living cniiiy. Tlc namcs ol ilc dcvas aic noi namcs ol spccilic pcisons, as loi
cxamplc, ilc namc Caiiia. lccausc ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas aic cicinal in ilis way
ilc Vcdas aic gcnuinc souiccs ol lnowlcdgc. Tlis cxplanaiion is noi ai all
inconsisicni wiil ilc picviously quoicd cxplanaiion liom ilc Mmamsa-suiia.
Wly is ilis' Tlc suiia says piaiyalsanumanablyam, wlicl mcans "bccausc ol
ilc cvidcncc givcn in siuii and smiii." Tlc siuii (Panca-vaimsaii lialmana
(6.9,13,22) discussing ilc cicaiion ol ilc woild, wlicl was picccdcd by ilc
(cicinal) woids (ol ilc Vcdas), givcs ilc lollowing dcsciipiion: cia iii la vai
piajapaiii dcvan asijai asigiam iii manusyan indava iii piiims iiial-paviiiam iii
gialan asuva iii sioiiam visvanii maniiam ablisaublagciy anyal piajal (Rcciiing
ilc woid cic liom ilc Vcdas, Loid lialma cicaicd ilc dcvas. Rcciiing ilc woid
asigiam, lc cicaicd ilc luman bcings. Rcciiing ilc woid indava, lc cicaicd ilc
piias. Rcciiing ilc woid iiial-paviiiam, lc cicaicd ilc plancis. Rcciiing ilc woid
asuva, lc cicaicd songs. Rcciiing ilc woid visvani, lc cicaicd maniias. Rcciiing
ilc woid ablisaublaga, lc cicaicd ilc oilci cicaiuics).
Tlc smiii also conliims ilis in ilc lollowing woids (Visnu Puiana 1.5.6+):
nama iupam ca bluianam
liiyanam ca piapancanam
vcda-sabdcblya cvadau
dcvadnam calaia sal
"ly icciiing ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas in ilc bcginning, Loid lialma cicaicd ilc
namcs and loims ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis, ilc iiiuals, ilc dcvas, and all oilci
living cniiiics."
Sufra 29
aia cva ca niiyaivam
aial cva-ilcicloic; ca-and; niiyaivam-ciciniiy.
And loi ilis vciy icason ilc ciciniiy (ol ilc Vcda is piovcd).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc ciciniiy ol ilc Vcdas is piovcd by ilc laci ilai ilc cicaioi (lialma) cicaics
(ilc woild) by (icciiing ilc Vcdic) woids (dcsciibing ilc) cicinal loims and by
icmcmbciing (ilc picvious cicaiion). Kailala Muni and ilc (oilci sagcs) slould
bc undcisiood io bc mcicly ilc spcalcis (and noi ilc auilois ol ilc Vcdas).
Tlc objcciion may bc iaiscd: So bc ii. Tlc siuii cxplains ilai by icmcmbciing
ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas Loid lialma cicaics ilc loims ol ilc dcvas and oilci
living cniiiics. Tlis may bc in ilc casc alici ilc (naimiiiila) paiiial cosmic
dcvasiaiion, bui low can ilis mcilod ol cicaiion bc cmploycd alici ilc (pialiia)
complcic cosmic dcvasiaiion, wlcn absoluicly cvciyiling is dcsiioycd, and low
can ilc Vcdas bc cicinal undci ilc ciicumsianccs ol sucl complcic dcsiiuciion'
Il ilis is said, ilcn lc icplics:
Sufra 30
samana-nama-iupaivac caviiiav apy aviiodlo daisanai smiics ca
samana-samc; nama-bccausc ol ilc namcs; iupaivai-and loims; ca-also; aviiiau-
in ilc icpciiiion; api-also; aviiodlal-noi a coniiadiciion; daisanai #bccausc ol ilc
siuii$ smiics-bccausc ol ilc smiii; ca-indccd.
lccausc ilc namcs and loims icmain ilc samc cvcn ai ilc bcginning ol a ncw
cicaiion, ilcic is no coniiadiciion. Tlis is piovcd by siuii and smiii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid ca (indccd) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlai alici a complcic cosmic
dcvasiaiion ilcic musi bc a ncw cicaiion docs noi ai all dispiovc ilc cicinalncss ol
ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas. Wly' Tlc suiia says samana-nama-iupaivac caviiiav apy
aviiodlo daisanai smiics ca (lccausc ilc namcs and loims icmain ilc samc cvcn
ai ilc bcginning ol a ncw cicaiion, ilcic is no coniiadiciion. Tlis is piovcd by
siuii and smiii). Tlc mcaning lcic is "bccausc ilc picviously spolcn namcs and
loims icmain ilc samc." Ai ilc iimc ol ilc gicai cosmic dcvasiaiion ilc cicinal
Vcdas and ilc cicinal aiclciypal loims dcsciibcd by ilc Vcdas cnici Loid Haii, ilc
masici ol iiansccndcnial poicncics, and icsi wiilin Him, bccoming onc wiil Him.
Ai ilc iimc ol ilc ncxi cicaiion ilcy again bccomc manilcsicd liom ilc Loid. Loid
Haii and ilc loui-laccd dcmigod lialma boil picccdc ilcii acis ol cicaiion wiil
icciiaiion ol Vcdic maniias, wlicl icciiaiion lcads io mcdiiaiion on ilc aiclciypal
loims. Ai ilc iimc ol a ncw cicaiion ilc cicaioi icmcmbcis wlai Hc cicaicd in ilc
picvious cicaiion and Hc again cicaics as Hc lad cicaicd bcloic. Tlis is lilc a
poiici wlo, by saying ilc woid "poi" icmcmbcis ilc loims ol pois lc picviously
laslioncd, and gocs on io malc anoilci poi. Jusi as ilc pioccss ol cicaiion is
pciloimcd in ilis way alici ilc paiiial cosmic dcvasiaiion, in ilc samc way ilc
pioccss ol cicaiion is also pciloimcd alici ilc complcic cosmic dcvasiaiion.
How is all ilis lnown' Tlc suiia says daisanai smiics ca (bccausc ilis is
piovcd by siuii and smiii. Tlc siuii says:
aima va idam cla cvagia asi sa ailsaia lolan uisijal
"In ilc bcginning was only ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Hc ilougli: I
slall cicaic many woilds).
Aiiaicya Upanisad 1.1

yo bialmanam vidadlaii puivam yo vai vcdams ca pialinoii iasmi iam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd ilc Vcdas and iaugli ilcm io
ilc dcmigod lialma).
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 6.1S
suiya-candiamasau dlaia yaila-puivam alalpai
"lialma cicaicd ilc sun and moon as lc lad donc bcloic."
Rg Vcda
Tlc smiii says
nyagiodlal su-malan alpc
yaila bjc vyavasiliial
samyamc visvam allilam
bja-bluic yaila ivayi
"O Loid, jusi as a gicai banyan iicc icsis wiilin a iiny sccd, in ilc samc way ai
ilc iimc ol cosmic dcvasiaiion ilc cniiic univcisc icsis wiilin You, ilc sccd liom
wlicl ii oiiginally spiouicd."
Visnu Puiana
naiayanal paio dcvas
iasmaj jaias caiuimullal
"Naiayana is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Iiom lim ilc dcmigod
lialma was boin."
Vaiala Puiana
icnc bialma lida ya adi-lavayc
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad liisi impaiicd ilc Vcdic lnowlcdgc unio
ilc lcaii ol lialmaj, ilc oiiginal living bcing."
Simad-llagavaiam 1.1.1
A summaiy ol ilis gisi ol ilis cxplanaiion lollows: Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, ai ilc cnd ol ilc pciiod ol cosmic dcvasiaiion, mcdiiaiing on ilc
maiciial univcisc ai ii lad bccn bcloic, dcsiiing in His lcaii "I slall bccomc
many," dillcicniiaiing again ilc jvas and maiciial clcmcnis ilai lad bccomc
mcigcd wiilin Him, cicaiing again, as ii lad bccn bcloic, ilc maiciial univcisc
cxicnding liom ilc malai-iaiiva io ilc dcmigod lialma, manilcsiing ilc Vcdas
cxacily as ilcy lad bccn bcloic, icacling ilc Vcdas io ilc dcmigod lialma wiilin
ilc lcaii, cngaging ilc dcmigod lialma in ilc cicaiion ol ilc loims ol ilc dcvas
and oilci living cniiiics as ilcy lad bccn bcloic, and pcisonally cnicicd ilc
univcisc and coniiolling ii liom wiilin. Omniscicni by ilc mcicy ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc dcmigod lialma, mcdiiaiing on ilc aiclciypal loims
dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdas, cicaics ilc dcvas and oilci cicaiuics as ilcy lad bccn
bcloic. In ilis way ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc namcs ol ilc dcvas lcadcd by
India and ilcii aiclciypal loims dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdas is cxplaincd. In ilis way
ilc opponcni's aigumcni ol ilc Vcdic woids docs noi ai all icluic (ilis
cxplanaiion ol ilc naiuic ol ilc dcvas). In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc dcvas and
oilci supciioi bcings lavc ilc abiliiy io mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad's loim ilc sizc ol a ilumb is noi ai
all coniiadicicd by ilis dcsciipiion ol ilc abiliiy ol ilc dcvas io mcdiiaic on Him.
Tlis is so bccausc ilc loim ol ilc Loid is ilc sizc ol a dcva's ilumb in ilis casc.
Now will bc considcicd ilc qucsiion ol wlcilci ilc dcvas aic cligiblc oi noi io
cngagc in ilosc mcdiiaiions wlcic ilcy ilcmsclvcs aic ilc objcci ol mcdiiaiion. In
ilc Clandogya Upanisad (3.1.1) is ilc siaicmcni asau va adiiyo dcva-madlu iasya
dyaui cva iiiascna-vamsal (Tlc sun is loncy loi ilc dcvas. Tlc lcavcnly plancis
aic ilc ciossbcam, ilc sly is ilc bcclivc, and ilc iays ol sunligli aic ilc
clildicn). Tlc sun is lcic ilc loncy ol ilc dcvas and ilc iays ol sunligli aic ilc
opcnings (loi diinling ilc loncy). Iivc classcs ol dcvas, ilc vasus, iudias, adiiyas,
maiuis, and sadlyas, all lcadcd by ilcii lcadcis, gazc ai ilc loncy ol ilc sun and
bccomc lappy. Tlai is said lcic. Tlc sun is lcic callcd loncy bccausc ii is ilc
abodc ol a cciiain swccincss onc bccomcs cligiblc loi by pciloiming cciiain
icligious woils dcsciibcd in ilc Rg Vcda and onc aiiains by cniciing iliougl ilc
dooiway ol ilc sun's iays. In oilci placcs in ilc sciipiuics ii is said ilai ilc dcvas
can pciloim ilcsc mcdiiaiions. In ilis maiici lc now cxplains ilc opinions ol
oilcis.
Sufra 31
madlv-adisv asamblavad anadlilaiam jaiminil
madlu-adisu-in madlu-vidya and oilci Vcdic mcdiiaiions; asamblavai-
bccausc ol impossibiliiy; anadlilaiam-qualilicaiion; jaiminil-Jaimini.
Jaimini says ilc dcvas do noi cngagc in madlu-vidya and oilci loims ol Vcdic
mcdiiaiion bccausc ii is noi possiblc loi ilcm io do so.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Jaimini Muni ilinls ilai ilc dcvas aic noi qualilicd io cngagc in madlu-vidya
and oilci loims ol Vcdic mcdiiaiion. Wly' Tlc suiia says asamblavai (bccausc ii
is noi possiblc loi ilcm io do so). Tlc objcci ol woislip cannoi also bc ilc
woislipci. Ii is noi possiblc loi onc pcison io bc boil. Iuiilcimoic, bccausc ilc
dcvas do noi aspiic io aiiain ilc icsuli ol madlu-vidya mcdiiaiion, namcly io
bccomc vasus oi cxalicd dcvas, bccausc ilcy alicady aic vasus and dcvas.
Sufra 32
jyoiisi blavac ca
jyoiisi-in ilc splcndoi; blavai-bccausc ol cxisicncc; ca-and.


And bccausc ilc dcvas do mcdiiaic on ilc cllulgcni Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.16) says iad dcva jyoiisam jyoiil (ilc dcvas
mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc ligli ol all liglis). lccausc
ilc dcvas do mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is dcsciibcd in
ilis passagc liom ilc siuii as ilc supicmc cllulgcncc, ilcy naiuially do noi cngagc
in ilc madlu-vidya and oilci inlciioi mcdiiaiions. Tlc cxplanaiion ilai ilc dcvas,
as wcll as ilc luman bcings, naiuially cngagc in mcdiiaiion on ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad slows ilai ilc dcvas aic avcisc io any oilci lind ol
mcdiiaiion.
Now ilai ilis vicw las bccn cxpicsscd, lc (Vyasa) givcs lis opinion.
Sufra 33
blavam iu badaiayano 'sii li
blavam-cxisicncc; iu-bui; badaiayanal-Vyasadcva; asii-is; li-bccausc.
Vyasadcva says ilc dcvas do cngagc in ilcsc mcdiiaiions.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Loid Vyasa ilinls ilc dcvas aic
ablc io cngagc in madlu-vidya and oilci linds ol Vcdic mcdiiaiion. Tlc woid li
(bccausc) lcic implics "dcsiiing io again bccomc dcvas and adiiyas, ilcy woislip
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as ilc aiclciypal dcva and adiiya. lccausc ol
ilis woislip ilcy dcvclop a dcsiic io gain ilc company ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. In ilis way ii is possiblc loi ilcm io cngagc in ilc madlu-vidya and
oilci Vcdic mcdiiaiions." Tlis is so bccausc ii is undcisiood ilai ilc woislip ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is boil ilc goal and ilc mcans ol aiiaining
ilc goal.
Tlcy wlo aic now vasus, adiiyas, and oilci linds ol dcvas mcdiiaic on ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as ilc aiclciypal vasu and adiiya. Ai ilc cnd ol
ilc lalpa ilcy bccomc vasus and adiiyas and cngagc in ilc mcdiiaiion and
woislip ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is ilc Supcisoul in ilcii
lcaiis, and wlo is ilc causc ol ilcii bccoming vasus and adiiyas again. As a icsuli
ol ilis woislip ilcy will cvcniually bccomc libciaicd.
Tlc woids adiiya, vasu, and ilc namcs ol ilc oilci dcvas, aic all also namcs ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc woids ya ciam
cvam bialmopanisadam vcda (Hc wlo undcisiands ilis Upanisad dcsciibing ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) ai ilc cnd ol ilc Upanisad.
Ii is noi ilai bccausc ilc dcvas lavc alicady aiiaincd ilcii cxalicd posiiions
ilcicloic ilcy lavc no dcsiic io bccomc dcvas and ilcicloic lavc no inicicsi in
aiiaining ilc icsulis ol Vcdic mcdiiaiion. Tlis is so bccausc ii is sccn in ilis woild
ilai many pcoplc, cvcn ilougl ilcy alicady lavc sons in ilis lilciimc, ycain io
again lavc sons in ilc ncxi lilc. Iuiilcimoic, bccausc ilcy aic aciually
mcdiiaiions on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc madlu-vidya mcdiiaiions
ol ilc dcvas aic dcsciibcd in ilc woids ol ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.16)
iad dcva jyoiisam jyoiii (Tlc dcvas mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad).
Tlc sciipiuics say piajapaiii alamayaia piajaycycii sa ciad agniloiiam
miilunam apasyai. iad udiic suiyc 'juloi. (Tlc dcmigod lialma dcsiicd: "Lci mc
cicaic clildicn." Hc ilcn saw iwo agniloiia saciiliccs. Wlcn ilc sun iosc lc
pciloimcd agniloiia saciiliccs). Tlc sciipiuics also say dcva vai saiiam asaia (ilc
dcvas ilcn pciloimcd a Vcdic saciilicc). Tlcsc and oilci passagcs liom ilc
sciipiuics slow ilai ilc siuii docs noi disagicc wiil ilc idca ilai ilc dcvas aic
ablc io pciloim Vcdic saciiliccs. Tlcy pciloim ilcsc saciiliccs by ilc oidci ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad in oidci io pioicci ilc maiciial woild.
Now somconc may objcci: Tlcy wlo pciloim ilc madlu-vidya and oilci Vcdic
mcdiiaiions musi waii many lalpas bcloic ilcy aiiain libciaiion. How is ii possiblc
loi onc wlo ycains loi libciaiion io iolciaic sucl a dclay' Tlcy wlo ycain loi
libciaiion do noi dcsiic io cnjoy any maiciial lappincss, cvcn ilc lappincss ol
lialmalola.
Tlc answci is givcn: Tlis is iiuc. Siill, ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai bccausc ol
cciiain unlnown pasi aciions somc pcisons voluniaiily posiponc ilcii pcisonal
libciaiion io ialc up ilc duiics ol adminisiciing ilc allaiis ol ilc maiciial woild.
Tlis adlilaiana slows ilai bccausc cvcn ilc dcvas pciloim ilc oidinaiy Vcdic
duiics, low mucl moic so slould luman bcings pciloim ilcsc duiics.
Adhikarana 8
Sudras Nof QuaIified For Vedic Medifafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In was said ilai luman bcings, dcvas, and oilci liglci bcings aic qualilicd io
mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ii is noi possiblc io mcdiiaic on
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wiiloui laving siudicd ilc Vcdania, loi ilc
sciipiuics say aupanisadal puiusal (Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
icvcalcd in ilc Upanisads). Iiom ilis ilc ncxi iopic lollows.
Visaya: In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (+.1.1-5) is a sioiy bcginning wiil ilc
woids janasiuiii la pauiiayanal (Tlcic was a man namcd Janasiuii Pauiiayana).
In ilai sioiy, alici lcaiing ilc woids ol somc swans, Janasiuii appioaclcd Rainla
Muni and ollcicd lim many cows, nccllaccs, and claiiois. Rainla, lowcvci, said
alala laic iva sudia iavaiva sala goblii asiu (O sudia, lccp youi cows, nccllaccs,
and claiiois!). Alici bcing addicsscd as a sudia in ilis way, Janasiuii again camc,
ilis iimc ollciing cows, nccllaccs, claiiois, and lis dauglici in maiiiagc. Rainla
ilis iimc icplicd iam ajalaicmal sudiancnaiva mullcnalapayisyailal (O sudia,
ialc ilis away! Wiil ilis lacc alonc you will malc mc spcal). Tlcn ilc Upanisad
dcsciibcs low Rainla iaugli lim ilc scicncc ol samvaiga-vidya.
Samsaya: Is a sudia qualilicd io siudy ilc Vcdic lnowlcdgc oi noi'
Puivapalsa: A sudia is qualilicd io siudy ilc Vcdas loi ilc lollowing icasons: 1.
bccausc ii is said ilai all luman bcings aic qualilicd, 2. bccausc sudia lavc ilc
abiliiy io siudy, 3. bccausc ilc siuii somciimcs uscs ilc woid sudia, ilus liniing
ilai sudias aic qualilicd io icad ilc Vcdas, and +. bccausc in ilc Puianas and oilci
Vcdic liiciaiuics Viduia and oilci sudias aic dcsciibcd as lnowcis ol ilc Vcdas.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 3+
sug asya iad-anadaia-siavanai iadadiavanai sucyaic li
sug-soiiow; asya-ol lim; iad-ilai; anadaia-disicspcci; siavanai-bccausc ol
lcaiing; iada-ilcn; adiavanai-bccausc ol appioacling; sucyaic-is indicaicd; li-
bccausc.

lccausc lc appioaclcd impcllcd by unlappincss liom lcaiing an insuli, ilc
woid sudia lcic mcans "unlappy."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid na (noi), ialcn liom suiia 2S, is undcisiood in ilis suiia also. Hcic ii
mcans "a sudia is noi qualilicd io siudy ilc Vcdas." Wly' Tlc suiia says li, wlicl
lcic mcans "bccausc." lccausc Janasiuii Pauiiayana, wlo was noi cnliglicncd
wiil spiiiiual lnowlcdgc, by lcaiing ilc swans' disicspccilul woids lam u vaia
cnam ciai saniam sayugvanam iva iainlam aiila (Wlai is lc compaicd io ilc
gicai saini Rainla') bccamc unlappy (sul) and ilus ian (diu io mcci Rainla. Tlc
woid sudia lcic mcans "lc wlo was unlappy" and "lc wlo ian." Tlc sagc uscs
ilc woid sudia lcic io display lis omniscicncc in lnowing ilc picvious cvcnis.
Tlc woid is noi uscd lcic io indicaic ilc louiil class ol mcn: ilc sudias.
Il Janasiuii is noi a sudia, ilcn io wlai class docs lc bclong' To answci ilis
qucsiion ilc ncxi suiia says lc is a lsaiiiya.
Sufra 35
lsaiiiyaivavagaics coiiaiaiia caiiiaiailcna lingai
lsaiiiyaiva-siaius ol bcing a lsaiiiya; avagaics-liom ilc undcisianding; ca-also;
uiiaiaiia-in a laici passagc; caiiiaiailcna-wiil Caiiiaiaila; lingai-bccausc ol ilc
sign.
Tlai lc is a lsaiiiya is undcisiood liom ilc cluc iclaicd io ilc caiiiaiaila.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Janasiuii is undcisiood io bc a lsaiiiya. Hc posscsscs icligious laiil and a losi
ol oilci viiiucs. Hc is vciy claiiiablc. Hc givcs claiiiy gcnciously. Hc is ilc iulci
ol ilc pcoplc. Ioi ilcsc icasons ii is said ilai lc is a lsaiiiya. lccausc lc scni (a
mcsscngci io scaicl loi Rainla) and bccausc lc gavc cows, nccllaccs, claiiois, lis
dauglici, and many oilci ilings in claiiiy, ii is said ilai lc is a lsaiiiya. Ii is noi
possiblc loi anyonc bui a lsaiiiya io posscss ilcsc qualiiics. lccausc lc ilus
displays ilc qualiiics ol a ling, Janasiuii slould bc undcisiood io bc a lsaiiiya. Ai
ilc cnd ol ilc sioiy ii is also undcisiood ilai lc is a lsaiiiya. Ai ilc cnd ol ilc
sioiy, wlcic ilc dcsciipiion ol samvaiga-vidya is concludcd, ilcic is mcniion ol
ilc lsaiiiya siaius ol a pcison namcd Ablipiaiai Caiiiaiaila. In ilc concluding
passagc a bialmacai bcggcd alms liom Saunala Kapcya and Ablipiaiai
Kalsascni wlcn ilcsc iwo wcic sciving lood io oilcis.
Il somconc objccis: "In ilis passagc ilc siaius ol Ablipiaiai as ciilci a lsaiiiya
oi caiiiaiaila is noi piovcd in any way," ilcn ilc suiia answcis: lingai (bccausc ol
a cluc). Tlc cluc ilai Saunala Kapcya and Ablipiaiai Kalsascni wcic liicnds
piovcs ii. Tlc Tandya lialmana (20.12.5) says: caiicna caiiiaiailam lapcyo
ayajayan (Tlc mcmbcis ol ilc Kapcya lamily madc Caiiiaiaila pciloim a
saciilicc). In ilis way ilc siuii mainiains ilai bccausc ol lis iclaiionslip wiil ilc
Kapcyas, Ablipiaiai musi lavc bccn a Caiiiaiaila.
Tlai ilc Caiiiaiaila lamily wcic lsaiiiyas is conliimcd by ilc woids iasmac
caiiiaiailii nama lsaiia-paiii ajayaia (Iiom lim was boin anoilci lsaiiiya ol ilc
Caiiiaiaila lamily). In ilis way lis lsaiiiya siaius is clcaily piovcd.
Tlcicloic Saunala Kapcya and Ablipiaiai Caiiiaiaila, wlo wcic boil lcaincd
in samvaiga-vidya, wcic a bialmana and a lsaiiiya icspcciivcly, and in ilc subjcci
ol samvaiga-vidya ilcy wcic also guiu and disciplc icspcciivcly. Rainla and
Janasiuii lad ilc samc iclaiionslip, and ilcicloic Janasiuii musi lavc bccn a
lsaiiiya. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai a sudia is noi qualilicd io siudy ilc Vcdas.
Rclciiing io ilc siuii, lc again csiablislcs ilis poini.
Sufra 36
samslaia-paiamaisai iad-ablavablilapac ca
samslaia-ol ilc puiilicaioiy iiiuals; paiamaisai-bccausc ol ilc iclcicncc; iad-ol
ilcm; ablava-ol ilc non-cxisicncc; ablilapai-bccausc ol ilc cxplanaiion; ca-also.
Tlis is also so bccausc ilc sciipiuics siaic boil ilc ncccssiiy ol undcigoing ilc
samslaias (iiiuals ol puiilicaiion) and ilc cxclusion ol ilc sudias liom ilcsc
iiiuals.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc siuii-sasiia is ilc passagc asia-vaisam bialmanam upanyaia iam
adlyapaycd cladcsc lsaiiiyam dvadasc vaisyam (Onc slould pciloim ilc
samslaia and icacl a bialmana boy wlcn lc is cigli ycais old a lsaiiiya boy wlcn
lc is clcvcn ycais old, and a vaisya boy wlcn lc is iwclvc ycais old). Tlis slows
ilai bialmanas aic cligiblc io siudy ilc Vcdas bccausc ilcy aic also cligiblc loi ilc
samslaias. Tlc sciipiuics also say nagnii na yajno na liiya na samslaio na viaiani
sudiasya (A sudia is noi allowcd io ligli ilc sacicd liic, pciloim a liic-saciilicc,
pciloim icligious iiiuals, undcigo ilc samslaias, oi lollow vows ol pcnancc). In
ilis way ii is csiablislcd ilai bccausc a sudia is noi allowcd io undcigo ilc
samslaias lc is also noi allowcd io siudy ilc Vcdas.
Now lc conliims ilc vicw ilai ilc sudias aic noi cligiblc loi ilc samslaias.
Sufra 37
iad-ablava-niidlaianc ca piaviiicl
iai-ol ilai; ablava-ol ilc non-cxisicncc; niidlaianc-in ascciiaining; ca-also;
piaviiicl-bccausc ol cndcavoi.
(Tlis is so) also bccausc caic is ialcn io dciciminc ilai (a siudcni) is noi (a
sudia).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (+.+.+-5) (wlcn aslcd aboui lis casic, Jabali said)
nalam ciad vcdc blo yad goiio 'lam asmi (I do noi lnow inio wlai casic I was
boin). Tlcsc iiuillul woids convinccd ilc sagc Gauiama ilai Jabala was noi a
sudia. Gauiama ilcn said naiiad abialmano vivalium ailaii samidlam
saumyalaia ivopancsyc na saiyad agal (Onc wlo is noi a bialmana cannoi spcal
in ilis way. O gcnilc onc, plcasc biing ilc sacicd lucl and I slall iniiiaic you as a
bialmana. You did noi dcviaic liom ilc iiuil). Tlis cndcavoi by ilc guiu
Gauiama dcmonsiiaics ilai only ilc bialmanas, lsaiiiyas, and vaisyas aic cligiblc
io icccivc ilc samslaias. Tlc sudias aic noi cligiblc.
Sufra 38
siavanadlyayanaiilam piaiiscdlai smiics ca
siavana-lcaiing; adlyayana-siudy; aiilam-loi ilc puiposc; piaiiscdlai-bccausc
ol ilc piolibiiion; smiicl-liom ilc smiii-sasiia ca-also.
Tlis is so bccausc ilc smiii-sasiia also piolibiis ilc sudias liom lcaiing and
siudying (ilc Vcdas.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc smiii-sasiia says pady u la va ciai smasanam yac cludias iasmac cludia-
sampc nadlyciavyam (A sudia is a bcasi. Hc is a cicmaioiium. Ioi ilis icason lc
slould noi bc iaugli ilc Vcdas). Tlc smiii also says iasmac cludio balu-pasui
ayajnyal (A sudia is a big bcasi. Hc cannoi pciloim ilc Vcdic saciiliccs). lccausc
ol ilcsc piolibiiions a sudia is noi cligiblc io lcai ilc Vcdas. lccausc lc is noi
allowcd io lcai ilc Vcdas, ii is ilcicloic also noi possiblc loi lim io siudy ilc
Vcdas, undcisiand ilcii mcaning, oi lollow ilc iiiuals and pcnanccs dcsciibcd in
ilcm. All ilcsc aic loibiddcn loi lim. Tlc smiii-sasiia says nagnii na yajnal
sudiasya iailaivadlyayanam luial lcvalaiva iu susiusa iii-vainanam vidlyaic (A
sudia is noi allowcd io ligli ilc sacicd liic oi pciloim Vcdic saciiliccs. Nciilci is
lc allowcd io siudy ilc Vcdas. Wlai is lc allowcd io do' His solc duiy is io
laiillully scivc ilc ilicc liglci casics). Tlc smiii also says vcdalsaia-vicaianc
sudio paiaii iai-lsanai (A sudia wlo siudics ilc Vcdas ai oncc lalls inio dcgiadcd
lilc).
Somc souls, sucl as Viduia and oilcis, alilougl boin as sudias, bccomc
clcvaicd by ilcii aiiainmcni ol pcilcci iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. ly lcaiing and
undcisianding ilc Puianas and oilci iiansccndcnial liiciaiuics, sudias and oilcis
can bccomc libciaicd. Tlc only ical classcs ol liglci and lowci among mcn aic
dcicimincd by ilc linal icsuli ol ilcii livcs.
Adhikarana 9
The ThunderboIf in Kafha Upanisad 2.3.2 Is The Supreme PersonaIify of
Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilai ilis digicssion is concludcd, lc again icllccis on ilc oiiginal iopic.
Visaya: In ilc Kaila Upanisad is icad ilc lollowing pasagc:
yad idam lincii jagai saivam
piana cjaii nilsiiam
malad blayam vajiam udyaiam
ya ciad vidui amiias ic blavanii
"Wlcn ii bicailcs all ilc manilcsicd woild iicmblcs in lcai. Tlcy wlo lnow
ilis ilundciboli bccomc immoiial."
Samsaya: Docs ilc woid vajia lcic mcan "ilundciboli" oi ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa: lccausc ilc vajia lcic causcs iicmbling, and bccausc ilc
dcsciipiion ol libciaiion aiiaincd by undcisianding ilis vajia is mcicly a collcciion
ol mcaninglcss pociic woids, ilc woid vajia lcic slould bc undcisiood io mcan
"ilundciboli." Ioi ilcsc icasons, and bccausc ilc woid piana lcic docs noi mcan
"bicail" bui "pioiccioi," in ilis passagc ii is noi possiblc io say ilai ilc woid vajia
mcans "ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad." lccausc ilc pliasc udyaiam vajiam
(iaiscd ilundciboli) coniiadicis ilis sccond inicipiciaiion, ilc woid vajia musi
mcan "ilundciboli."
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 39
lampanai
lampanai-bccausc ol iicmbling.
lccausc (ilc cniiic woild) iicmblcs (ilc vajia musi bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ii malcs ilc cniiic univcisc iicmblc, ilis vajia musi bc ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is so also bccausc ol ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol
lialma-vaivaiia Puiana:
caliam canliamanad csa
vajanad vajiam ucyaic
llandanai lladga cvaisa
lcii-nama laiil svayam
"lccausc Hc gocs (canliamana) cvciywlcic Hc is callcd "Calia" (moving in a
ciiclc). lccausc Hc movcs aboui (vajana Hc is callcd "Vajia" (ilundcibold).
lccausc Hc cuis apaii (llandana) ilc dcmons Hc is callcd "Kladga" (swoid).
Tlcsc aic namcs ol Loid Haii."
Also, bccausc ilc woid piana (bicail) and ilc woid blaya (lcai) aic uscd, ilc
passagc musi iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilcsc ways ii is
csiablislcd ilai ilc woid vajia lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Sufra +0
jyoiii-daisanai
jyoiil-cllulgcncc; daisanai-bccausc ol sccing.

Ii is so bccausc ilc vajia is dcsciibcd as jyoiil (splcndoi).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lcloic ilc passagc discusscd is ilc lollowing siaicmcni (Kaila Upanisad
2.2.15): na iaiia suiyo blaii na candia-iaialc (Wlcn Hc docs noi slinc, ilcn
nciilci sun, moon, noi siais slow ilcii splcndoi). Alici ilc passagc discusscd is
ilc siaicmcni (Kaila Upanisad 2.3.3) blayad asyagnis iapaii (Oui ol lcai ol Him
liic glows). In boil ilcsc passagcs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
dcsciibcd as iiansccndcnial splcndoi, and ilcicloic ilc passagc dcsciibing ilc
vajia (ilundciboli) bciwccn ilcsc iwo passagcs, musi iclci io ilc clulgcni
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Adhikarana 10
The "kasa" in Chandogya Upanisad 8.1+.1 is fhe Supreme PersonaIify of
Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.1+.1) is ilc lollowing siaicmcni: alaso la vai
nama-iupayoi niivaliia ic yad aniaia iad bialma iad amiiam sa aima (Sly is ilc
cicaioi ol namcs and loims. Tlai sly wiilin is cxpandcd wiiloui limii. Tlai sly is
cicinal. Tlai sly is ilc Scll).
Samsaya: Docs ilc woid "sly" lcic iclci io ilc jva libciaicd liom bondagc ol
icpcaicd biiil and dcail, oi docs "sly" lcic iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad'
Puivapalsa: Tlc sciipiuics say asva iva iomani vidluya papam (As a loisc
slalcs iis manc, so do I slalc oll all sins and bccomc libciaicd). Tlis slows ilai
ilc "sly" lcic iclcis io ilc libciaicd jva. Tlc woids yad aniaia (wlicl is wiilin)
clcaily poinis io ilc libciaicd jva wlo is licc liom all namcs and loims. Tlis is
also so bccausc ilc pliasc "ilc cicaioi ol namcs and loims" may iclci io ilc jva
bcloic lc was libciaicd. Tlc woid alasa lcic mcans "cllulgcncc." Lvciyiling
ilcicloic indicaics ilai ilc "sly" lcic is ilc libciaicd jva. Tlc woids iad bialma
iad amiiam (ii is cxpandcd wiiloui limii. Ii is cicinal) dcsciibc ilc qualiiics ilc
jva aiiains wlcn lc bccomcs libciaicd.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra +1
alaso 'iilaniaiaivadi-vyapadcsai
alasal-sly; aiila-mcaning; aniaiaiva-dillcicncc; adi-bcginning wiil;
vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion.

Tlc "sly" lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccausc ilc "sly"
dcsciibcd lcic is dillcicni liom ilc libciaicd jva, and loi oilci icasons also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc "sly" lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and noi ilc libciaicd
jva. Wly' Tlc suiia says aiilaniaiaivadi-vyapadcsai (bccausc ilc "sly" dcsciibcd
lcic is dillcicni liom ilc libciaicd jva, and loi oilci icasons also). Tlc mcaning is
ilis: lccausc ilc libciaicd jva cannoi bc ilc cicaioi ol namcs and loims, ilc
"sly" lcic musi bc somciling oilci ilan lim. Wlcn ilc jva is noi libciaicd bui
bound io ilc maiciial woild, lc aiiains vaiious namcs and loims by ilc loicc ol
lis picvious laima. ly limscll lc las no powci io cicaic ilcsc namcs and loims.
Wlcn ilc jva is libciaicd lc ialcs no paii in ilc allaiis ol ilc maiciial woild, as
will bc dcsciibcd in a laici suiia (+.+.17). Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
lowcvci, is dcsciibcd in ilc siuii as ilc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial woild. Tlc
Clandogya Upanisad ilcicloic says ancna jvcnaimananupiavisya nama-iupc
vyalaiavani (Wiil ilc jvas I will now cnici ilc maiciial woild. Now I will cicaic a
vaiiciy ol namcs and loims). Ioi all ilcsc icasons ilc "sly" lcic slould bc
undcisiood io bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlc woid adi (and loi oilci icasons also) in ilc suiia iclcis io ilc pliasc
bialma (cxpandcd wiiloui limii) in ilc passagc ol ilc Upanisad. Tlis pliasc
cannoi dcsciibc ilc libciaicd jva, alilougl ii may vciy naiuially dcsciibc ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis way ilc woid "sly" iclcis io a sly ilai is
all-pcivading. lccausc ilis dcsciipiion can piopcily iclci only io ilc Supicmc, ilc
"sly" lcic is piovcd io bc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Adhikarana 11
Af Bofh fhe Time of DreamIess SIeep and fhe Time of fhe ]va's Deparfure From
fhe MaferiaI WorId fhe ]va and fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Are
Differenf
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Puivapalsa: So bc ii. Siill, ii cannoi bc lcld ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is dillcicni liom ilc libciaicd jva. Tlis is said bccausc ol ilc
ovciwlclming cvidcncc ol sciipiuic. Ioi cxamplc, in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
ii is said:
laiama aimcii yo 'yam vijnanamayal puiusal piancsu lidy-aniai-jyoiil sa
samanal sann ublau lolav anusancaiaii
"Wlo is ilc Scll' Hc is a pcison lull ol lnowlcdgc wlo siays in ilc lilc-bicail.
Hc is ilc splcndoi in ilc lcaii. Rcmaining always ilc samc, lc wandcis in ilc iwo
woilds."
Dcsciibing ilc condiiioncd jva in ilis way, ilc icxi coniinucs:
sa va ayam aima bialma vijnanamayal
"Tlis Scll is ilc omniscicni lialman."
In ilis way ii says ilai ilc jva is lialman. Ii luiilci says:
ailalamayamanal
"Hc bccomcs licc liom all dcsiics."
Tlis dcsciibcd ilc libciaicd jva's condiiion. Tlcn ii says:
bialmaiva san bialmapycii
"lcing lialman, lc aiiains lialman."
In ilis way ii is conclusivcly siaicd ilai lc is idcniical wiil lialman. Tlcn, ai
ilc cnd ii says:
ablayam vai bialma blavaii ya cva vcda

"Hc wlo lnows ilis bccomcs ilc lcailcss lialman."
Tlc icsuli ol lcaiing ilc passagc is givcn lcic.
Tlc siaicmcni, in somc passagcs, ilai ilc jva and lialman aic dillcicni aic
lilc ilc sly wiilin a poi and ilc gicai sly bcyond ii. Wlcn lc is libciaicd, ilc jva
bccomcs ilc Supicmc jusi as wlcn ilc poi is biolcn ilc sly in ilc poi bccomcs
ilc samc as ilc gicai sly bcyond. lccausc ilc jva is ilus ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, lc is ilc cicaioi ol ilc univciscs and cvciyiling clsc ilai ilc Supicmc
is. In ilis way ilcic is no dillcicncc bcwiccn ilc libicaicd jva and ilc Supicmc
lialman.
Siddlania: To icluic ilis, lc says:
Sufra +2
susupiy-uilianiyoi blcdcna
susupii-in dicamlcss slccp; uilianiyoi-and in dcail; blcdcna-bccausc ol ilc
dillcicncc.
lccausc ilc dillcicncc is picscni in boil dcail and dicamlcss slccp.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid vyapadcsai (bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion), wlicl was uscd in ilc
picvious suiia, slould bc undcisiood in ilis suiia also. In ilc picviously quoicd
passagcs ii is noi possiblc io dicaw ilc undcisianding ilai ilc libciaicd jva is
aciually lialman. Wly' lccausc ii is clcaily cxplaincd ilai in ilc siaics ol
dicamlcss slccp and dcail ilc jva and lialman aic dillcicni. Tlc dillcicncc in
dicamlcss slccp is dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids (lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.3.12):
piajncnaimana sampaiisvalio na balyam lincana vcda naniaiam
"Lmbiaccd by ilc omniscicni Scll, lc lnows noiling clsc, ciilci wiiloui oi
wiilin."
Tlc dillcicncc in dcail is dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids liom ilc samc passagc:
piajncnaimana anvaiudla uisaijan yaii
"Mounicd by ilc omniscicni Scll, and gioaning, lc lcavcs."
Tlc woid uisaijan lcic mcans gioaning. Ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc jva, wlo
lnows laidly anyiling, can bc ilc omniscicni Scll by wlom lc is mounicd.
lccausc ilc jva is noi omniscicni ii is also noi possiblc ilai ilc omniscicni Slcl
lcic is anoilci jva.
Il ii is said "lccausc in ilcsc condiiions ilc jva is siill inllucnccd by maiciial
dcsignaiions, youi poini is noi piovcd," ilcn ilc auiloi icplics:
Sufra +3
paiy-adi-sabdcblyal
paii-Loid; adi-bcginning wiil; sabdcblyal-bccausc ol ilc woids.
lccausc ol ilc usc ol Paii (Loid) and oilci woids.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc samc lilad-aianyala Upanisad, a liiilc aliciwaids, ilc woid "paii" and
oilci similai woids aic uscd in ilcsc woids (lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.22):
sa va ayam aima saivasya vas saivasycsanal saivasyadlipaiil saivam idam
piasasii yad idam linca sa na sadluna laimana bluyan naiia vasadluna lanyan
csa bluiadlipaiii csa lolcsvaia csa lola-palal sa sciui vidlaiana csam lolanam
asamblcdaya
"Hc is ilc Scll, ilc dominaioi ovci all, ilc coniiollci ol all, ilc ling ol all. Hc
iulcs ovci all. Hc is noi madc gicaici by pious woil, noi lcssci by impious woil.
Hc is ilc ling ol all ilai is. Hc is ilc masici ol ilc woilds. Hc is ilc pioiccioi ol
ilc woilds. Hc is ilc boundaiy so ilc woilds will noi bical apaii."
Iiom ilis is may bc undcisiood ilai lialman, oi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, is dillcicni liom ilc libciaicd jva. lccausc ii cannoi bc said ilai ilc
libciaicd jva las dominion ovci all oi coniiol ovci all, and bccausc suiia +.+.17
will say jagad-vyapaia-vaijyam (Tlc libciaicd jva las noi ilc powci io cicaic ilc
univciscs), ilc idca ilc lialman and ilc libciaicd jva aic idcniical is icluicd.
Tlis idca is also icluicd by ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad, wlcic ii is said ol lialman:
anial piavisial sasia jananam
"Hc is ilc coniiollci in ilc living cniiiics lcaiis."
Nciilci can ii bc said ilai ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilcm is only bccausc ol ilc
jva's idcniilicaiion wiil a maiciial body, bccausc ilc siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai ilc
dillcicncc bciwccn ilcm is picscni cvcn alici ilc jva is libciaicd. In ilc
amsadlilaiana ol ilis bool (2.3.+1) I will icluic ilc idcniilicaiion ol jva and
lialman in moic dciail.
Tlc siaicmcni ayam aima bialma (ilc scll is lialman) simply mcans ilai ilc
jva las a small poiiion ol lialman's qualiiics. Tlc pliasc bialmaiva san
bialmapycii (lccoming lialman, lc aiiains lialman) slould bc undcisiood io
mcan ilai ilc jva, by aiiaining a poiiion ol cigli ol lialman's qualiiics, bccomcs
lilc lialman. lccausc ilc siuii-sasiia says paiamam samyam upaiii (Hc bccomcs
lilc lialman), and bccausc ol ilc picvious cxplanaiion ol bialmaiva san
bialmapycii, ilcicloic ilc naiuic ol lialman is dillcicni liom ilai ol ilc libciaicd
jva.
In ilis piool ilai lialman is dillcicni loim ilc jva in ciilci condiiioncd oi
libciaicd siaics ol cxisicncc, ilai ilc "sly" liom wlicl all namcs and loims lavc
comc is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and noi ilc libciaicd jva, is also
piovcd. Any doubi ilai may lavc icmaincd in spiic ol ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc suiias
nciaio 'nupapaiicl (1.1.16) and blcda-vyapadcsac ca (1.1.17) is dispcllcd by ilis
piool ilai cvcn ai ilc iimc ol libciaiion ilc jva icmains dillcicni liom lialman.
Tlcicloic ilcic is no lauli in ilc cxplanaiions givcn loi ilcsc iwo (1.1.16 and
1.1.17) suiias.
Pada +
Adhikarana 1
The Word "Avyakfa" in Kafha Upanisad 1.3.11 Refers fo fhe SubfIe Body and
Nof fo Pradhana
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Invocaiion
taman sanhnya-gnanoirna-
virnam yasya go-ganan
tam samv-bnusanam hrsna-
pusanam samupasmanc
Lci us ollci oui icspccilul obcisanccs io ilc Kisna-sun, wlicl is dccoiaicd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, and wlicl wiil iis cllulgcncc dispcls ilc dccp dailncss
ol Sanllya.
(Visaya): Picviously ilc suiias alliimcd ilai ilc Supicmc lialman is Hc ilc
lnowlcdgc ol wlom biings libciaiion, Hc wlo is ilc sccd ol ilc biiil,
mainicnancc, and dcsiiuciion ol ilc maiciial univciscs, wlo is dillcicni liom boil
ilc jvas and dcad maiici, wlo posscsscs innumciablc inconccivablc poicncics,
wlo is all-lnowing, wlo posscsscs all auspicious qualiiics, wlo is licc liom all
inauspiciousncss, wlo posscsscs unlimiicd opulcnccs, and wlo is supicmcly puic.
Now wc will considci ilc ilcoiy ilai ilc piadlana (piimoidial maiciial naiuic)
and ilc pum (individual living cniiiics) iogcilci compiisc all ilai cxisis (and
ilcic is no God scpaiaic liom ilcm), wlicl is piopoundcd in ilc Kapila-ianiia
and pcilaps also sccn in somc bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas. Tlcy quoic ilc lollowing
passagc liom Kaila Upanisad:
nrycbnyan para ny artna
artncbnyas ca param manan
manasas tu para bunr
buncr atma manan paran
manatan param avyahtam
avyahtat purusan paran
purusan na param hnct
sa hastna sa para gatn
"Tlc scnsc-objccis aic liglci ilan ilc scnscs. Tlc mind is liglci ilan ilc
scnsc-objccis. Iniclligcncc is liglci ilan ilc mind. Tlc malai is liglci ilan ilc
iniclligcncc. Tlc avyalia (ilc unmanilcsicd) is liglci ilan ilc malai. Tlc puiusa
(ilc pcison) is liglci ilan ilc unmanilcsicd. Noiling is liglci ilan ilc pcison.
Tlc pcison is ilc liglcsi."
Samsaya: Tlc doubi lcic is wlcilci ilc woid avyalia (ilc unmanilcsicd) iclcis
io ilc piadlana (ilc piimoidial siagc ol maiciial naiuic) oi ilc saiia (ilc body).
Puivapalsa: Tlc opponcni may answci ilis doubi by saying ilai bccausc boil
siuii and smiii givc ilc scqucncc as liisi malai, ilcn avyalia, and ilcn puiusa,
ilcicloic ilc woid avyalia lcic musi iclci io ilc piadlana.
Siddlania: Wlcilci ilc woid avyalia iclcis io piadlana oi saiia is cxplaincd
in ilc lollowing suiia.
Sufra 1
anumanham apy chcsam t ccn na sarira-rupaha-vnyasta-grnitar arsayat ca.
anumanilam -ilc inlcicncc; apy -cvcn; clcsam -ol somc; iii -ilus; ccn -il; na -
noi; saiia-ilc body; iupala-ilc mciaploi; vinyasia-placcd; giliaii -bccausc ol
bcing acccpicd; daisayaii -icvcals; ca-and.
Il somc assumc (ilai ilc woid "avyalia" in ilis passagc ol ilc Kaila Upanisad
iclcis io ilc piadlana), ilcn I say "No." Tlc laci ilai ilis passagc is paii ol a
mciaploi iclciiing io ilc body clcaily slows (ilai ilc woid avyalia" lcic mcans
saiia).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Kailalas (clcsam) considci (anumanilam) ilai ilc woid avyalia lcic
iclcis io ilc piadlana. Tlc opponcni may objcci: Tlc ciymology ol ilc woid
avyalia is "Tlai wlicl is noi (a) manilcsicd" (vyalia). Il ilis is so, ilcn ilc woid
avyalia cannoi mcan anyiling cxccpi ilc piadlana (unmanilcsicd maiciial
naiuic).
Wlai is ilc answci io ilis objcciion' Tlc answci is givcn in ilis suiia in ilc
pliasc bcginning wiil ilc woid saiia. lccausc ii is cmploycd in a passagc wlcic
ilc body is compaicd io a claiioi, ilc woid avyalia lcic iclcis io ilc saiia
(body). Tlc passagc picccding ilis mcniion ol avyalia, wlicl is a mciaploi wlcic
ilc maiciial body is considcicd io bc a claiioi, clcaily slows ilis. Tlc picccding
passagc is givcn lcic.
atmanam ratnnam vn
sariram ratnam cva ca
bunm tu saratnm vn
manan pragranam cva ca
nryan nayan anur
vsayams tcsu gocaran
atmcnrya-mano-yuhtam
bnohtcty anur manisnan
yas tv avjnanavan bnavaty
ayuhtcna manasa saa
tasycnryany avasyan
ustasva v saratncn
yas tu vjnanavan bnavat
yuhtcna manasa saa
tasycnryan vasyan
sa-asva va saratncn
yas tu vjnanavan bnavaty
amanashan saa-sucn
na sa tat-paam apnot
samsaram cangaccnat
yas tu vjnanavan bnavat
sa-manashan saa sucn
sa tu tat-paam apnot
yasma bnuyo na jayatc
vjnana-saratnr yas tu
manan pragranavan naran
so nvanan param apnot
ta vsnon paramam paam
nrycbnyan para ny artna
artncbnyas ca param manan
manasas tu para bunr
buncr atma manan paran
manatan param avyahtam
avyahtat purusan paran
purusan na param hnct
sa hastna sa para gatn
"Tlc individual is ilc passcngci in ilc cai ol ilc maiciial body, and ilc
iniclligcncc is ilc diivci. Mind is ilc diiving insiiumcni, and ilc scnscs aic ilc
loiscs. Tlc scll is ilus ilc cnjoyci oi sullcici in ilc associaiion ol ilc mind and
scnscs. So ii is undcisiood by gicai ilinlcis.
"Ioi a lool wlo docs noi coniiol lis mind, ilc scnscs aic wild loiscs diawing
ilc claiioicci. Ioi ilc wisc man wlo coniiols lis mind ilc scnscs aic good loiscs
obcdicni io ilc claiioicci.
"An impious lool wlo docs noi coniiol lis mind docs noi aiiain ilc spiiiiual
woild. Hc aiiains ilc woild ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail. A pious wisc man wlo
coniiols lis mind aiiains ilc spiiiiual woild. Hc ncvci again ialcs biiil.
"A pcison wlo las iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc as a claiioicci, and wlo iiglily
lolds ilc icins ol ilc mind, aiiains ilc pail's linal dcsiinaiion: ilc supicmc abodc
ol Loid Visnu.
"Tlc scnsc-objccis aic liglci ilan ilc scnscs. Tlc mind is liglci ilan ilc
scnsc-objccis. Iniclligcncc is liglci ilan ilc mind. Tlc malai (maiciial naiuic) is
liglci ilan ilc iniclligcncc. Tlc avyalia (ilc unmanilcsicd) is liglci ilan ilc
malai. Tlc puiusa (pcison) is liglci ilan ilc unmanilcsicd. Noiling is liglci
ilan ilc pcison. Tlc pcison is ilc liglcsi."
Hcic ilc dcvoicc wlo dcsiics io aiiain ilc abodc ol Loid Visnu is dcsciibcd as
ilc passcngci in a claiioi. His body and oilci posscssions aic dcsciibcd as a
claiioi wiil iis vaiious paiis. Tlc iiavcllci wlo lccps ilc claiioi and iis paiis
undci coniiol aiiains ilc supicmc abodc ol Loid Visnu. Alici ilis is cxplaincd, ilc
vciscs bcginning indiiycblyal paia ly aiilal cxplain low in ilc coniiol ol ilc
body and iis vaiious adjuncis, wlicl aic mciaploiically considcicd a claiioi and
iis adjuncis, ilc vaiious mcmbcis is moic oi lcss dilliculi io coniiol. In ilis
mciaploi ol ilc claiioi ilc scnscs and oilci adjuncis ol ilc body aic dcsciibcd as
loiscs oi oilci adjuncis ol ilc claiioi. Tlc indiiycblyal vciscs coniinuc ilis
discussion. Ol ilc ilings mcniioncd in ilc picvious vciscs only ilc body iiscll is
noi lisicd in ilc indiiycblyal vciscs, and ilcicloic ilc singlc ambiguous iicm
(avyalia) musi iclci io ilc saiia (body) by dclauli. Tlc piadlana inicipiciaiion ol
ilis woid is also dispiovcd bccausc ilc conicni ol ilc indiiycblyal vciscs
disagiccs wiil ilc icnanis ol sanllya plilosoply.
Now ilc lollowing objcciion may bc iaiscd. Tlc body is clcaily manilcsi. How
is ii ilai ii is lcic dcsciibcd as unmanilcsi' To answci ilis doubi ilc auiloi says:
Sufra 2
sulsmam iu iad-ailaivai
sulsmam -subilc; iu -cciiainly; iad-ailaivai-bccausc ol appiopiiaicncss.
Tlc woid "saiia" (body) lcic cciiainly mcans ilc suiblc body (sulsma-saiia)
bccausc ilai is appiopiiaic in ilis conicxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (cciiainly) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid saiia lcic
mcans sulsma-saiia (ilc subilc body). Wly' lccausc ilai mcaning is
appiopiiaic. lccausc ii is appiopiiaic io dcsciibc ilc sulsma-saiia as avyalia
(unmanilcsi). Tlc quoic liom lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.7) "iad dlcdam iaily
avyaliiam asi (Tlcn ilcic was ilc unmanilcsicd)" slows ilai bcloic ilc gioss
maiciial univcisc was manilcsicd ilc living loicc was picscni. Tlis slows ilai ilc
woid "unmanilcsicd" is appiopiiaic io dcsciibc ilc subilc body.
Tlc objcciion may bc iaiscd: Il ilc oiiginal causc is subilc, ilcn wly slould
ilai subilc causc noi bc dcsciibcd as ilc piadlana (unmanilcsicd maiciial naiuic)
ol ilc sanllya ilcoiy.
To answci ilis doubi lc says:
Sufra 3
iad-adlnaivad aiilavai
iad-on Him; adlnaivad -bccausc ol dcpcndcncc; aiilavai-posscssing ilc
mcaning.
Tlis mcaning slould bc acccpicd bccausc ilc piadlana (unmanilcsicd maiciial
naiuic) is uliimaicly dcpcndcni on Him (ilc Supicmc lialman).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai bccausc piadlana is uliimaicly dcpcndcni on ilc
Supicmc lialman, wlicl is ilc oiiginal causc ol all causcs, ilc cicaiivc aciions ol
piadlana aic noi ilc oiiginal causc, bui aic ilcmsclvcs causcd by ilc Supicmc
lialman. lccausc piadlana is naiuially inaciivc, ii only acis wlcn inspiicd by ilc
glancc ol lialman. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcnis ol Vcdic
liiciaiuic.
mayam iu pialiiim vidyan
mayinam iu malcsvaiam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is a magician, and ilc maiciial woild is
His magical slow."
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (+.10)
asman may sijaic visvam ciai
"Tlc masici ol Maya cicaics ilis woild."
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (+.9).
ya cla vaino baludla salii-yogad
vainan anclan niliiaiilo dadlaii
"Hc wlo las no iival cicaics ilc vaiiciics ol ilis woild, using His own
poicncics accoiding io His own wisl."
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (+.1).
sa cva bluyo nija-viya-codiim
sva-jva-mayam pialiiim sisilsaim
anama-iupaimani iupa-naman
vidliisamano 'nusasaia sasiia-lii
"Tlc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, again dcsiiing io givc namcs and loims io His
paiis and paiccls, ilc living cniiiics, placcd ilcm undci ilc guidancc ol maiciial
naiuic. ly His own poicncy, maiciial naiuic is cmpowcicd io ic-cicaic."
Simad-llagavaiam 1.10.22

piadlanam puiusam capi
piavisyaimccclaya laiil
lsoblayam asa sampiapic
saiga-lalc vyayavyayau
"Ai ilc iimc ol cicaiion Loid Haii cnicis ilc clanging piadlana and ilc
unclanging living souls, and agiiaics ilcm accoiding io His wisl."
Visnu Puiana
mayadlyalscna pialiiil
suyaic sa-caiacaiam
lciunancna launicya
jagad vipaiivaiiaic
"Tlc maiciial naiuic, wlicl is onc ol my cncigics, is woiling undci my
diicciion, O son ol Kuni, pioducing all moving and non-moving bcings. Undci iis
iulc ilis manilcsiaiion is cicaicd and annililaicd again and again."
llagavad-gia 9.10
Wc do noi acccpi ilc sanllya ilcoiy bccausc ii considcis piadlana ilc
oiiginal, indcpcndcni causc ol all causcs.
Sufra +
jncyaivavacanaivac ca
jncyaiva-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc objcci ol lnowlcdgc; avacanaivai-bccausc ol
non-dcsciipiion; ca-and.
Tlc "avyalia" ol ilis passagc is noi dcsciibcd as ilc objcci ol lnowlcdgc. Tlis
anoilci icason loi noi inicipiciing ilis "avyalia" io bc piadlana.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Claiming ilai libciaiion is obiaincd by undcisianding ilc dillcicncc bciwccn
ilc ilc spiiiiual living cniiiy, oi soul and ilc modcs ol maiciial naiuic, ilc
sanllya ilcoiisis alliim ilai onc slould lnow ilc ical naiuic ol piadlana in oidci
io obiain cciiain powcis. lccausc ilis passagc liom ilc Kaila Upanisad in no way
dcsciibcs any ol ilis, ilc woid avyalia lcic cannoi iclci io ilc piadlana ol ilc
Sanllyiics.
Sufra 5
vadaiii ccn na piajno li pialaianai
vadaii-says; iii -ilus; cci -il; na -no; piajno -ilc omniscicni Paiamaima; li -
indccd; pialaianai-bccausc ol iclcicncc.
Il somconc says "Tlis passagc docs dcsciibc piadlana in ilis way" ilcn I say
"No. Tlai siaicmcni iclcis io ilc omniscicni Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Somconc may objcci: "Youi conicniion ilai ilc woid avyalia in ilis passagc ol
Kaila Upanisad cannoi iclci io piadlana bccausc ilc avyalia lcic is noi dcsciibcd
as ilc objcci ol lnowlcdgc las in no way bccn piovcd. Piadlana is dcsciibcd in
ilis way in ilc vciy ncxi vcisc (Kaila Upanisad 1.3.15):
asabdam aspaisam aiupam avyayam
iaila-iasam niiyam agandlavac ca yai
anady ananiam malaial paiam dliuvam
nicayya iam miiyu-mullai piamucyaic
"ly mcdiiaiing on ilc soundlcss, ioucllcss, loimlcss, unclanging, iasiclcss,
cicinal, liagiancclcss, bcginninglcss, cndlcss, Supicmc Gicai, onc bccomcs licc
liom ilc mouil ol dcail."
Somconc may objcci: Il ilcsc woids do noi dcsciibc piadlana as ilc uliimaic
objcci ol lnowlcdgc, ilcn wlai do ilcy dcsciibc'
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlcsc woids dcsciibc ilc omniscicni Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlcsc woids aic an appiopiiaic dcsciipiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, aboui wlom ilc lollowing woids aic said:
puiusan na paiam lincii
sa lasila sa paia gaiil
"Noiling is liglci ilan ilc Supicmc Pcison. Tlc Supicmc Pcison is ilc
liglcsi."
Kaila Upanisad 1.3.11
csa saivcsu bluicsu
gudlaima na pialasaic
"Hiding in ilc lcaiis ol all bcings, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is noi
opcnly manilcsi."
Kaila Upanisad 1.3.12
To luiilci cxplain ilai ilc woid in qucsiion docs noi iclci io piadlana lc says:
Sufra 6
iiayanam cva caivam upanyasal piasnas ca
iiayanam -ol ilc ilicc;cva -indccd; ca-cciiainly; cvam -in ilis way; upanyasal -
mcniion; piasnas -qucsiion; ca-and.
In ilis conicxi ilicc qucsiions cciiainly aic mcniioncd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid ca (cciiainly) lcic is mcani io icmovc doubi. In ilis passagc ol Kaila
Upanisad only ilicc qucsiions aic aslcd. Tlcy aic: 1. Nacilcia's icqucsi ilai lis
lailci bc lind io lim, 2. lis icqucsi loi cclcsiial liic, and 3. lis dcsiic io lnow ilc
iiuc naiuic ol ilc scll. Noiling clsc is aslcd. Tlcic is no mcniion ol piadlana.
Sufra 7
maladvac ca
malai-ilc malai; vai -lilc; ca-also.
Tlis usagc is lilc ilc usagc ol ilc woid "malai".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilc woid malan in ilc pliasc buddlci aima malan paial (Tlc Gicai
Scll is liglci ilan ilc iniclligcncc.) is ncvci ialcn io mcan ilc malai-iaiiva
(maiciial naiuic) ol ilc sanllya ilcoiy, in ilc samc way ilc avyalia
(unmanilcsicd) mcniioncd lcic io bc liglci ilan ilis malai slould noi bc ialcn
io mcan ilc piadlana ol sanllya.
Adhikarana 2
The "Aja" of Svefasvafara Upanisad +.5 Does Nof Mean Pradhana
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now anoilci smaiia ilcoiy is icluicd. Tlc lollowing is quoicd liom ilc
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (+.5):
ajam clam loliia-sulla-lisnam
balvl piajal sijamanam saiupal
ajo ly clo jusamano 'nuscic
jalaiy cnam blulia-blogam ajo 'nyal
"A cciiain unboin malc scivcs ilc icd, wliic, and blacl unboin lcmalc ilai
cicaics ilc many living cniiiics and ilcii loims, wlilc anoilci anoilci unboin
malc abandons lci as slc cnjoys plcasuics."
Samsaya: Docs ilc woid aja lcic mcan ilc piadlana ol sanllya, oi docs ii
mcan ilc poicncy ol lialman dcsciibcd in ilis Upanisad'
Puiva-palsa: Wiiloui any cxicinal lclp ilc unboin maiciial naiuic cicaics ilc
innumciablc living cniiiics.
Siddlania: In icgaid io ilis, ilc sanllyas' bclicl conccining ilc cicaiion, lc
says:
Sufra 8
camasavad aviscsai
camasa-a cup; vai -lilc; aviscsai-bccausc ol noi bcing spccilic.
(Tlc woid "aja" in Svciasvaiaia Upanisad +.5 docs noi mcan ilc sa6nllya
conccpiion ol maiciial naiuic) bccausc ol ilc lacl ol a spccilic dcsciipiion. Ii is
lilc ilc woid "camasa" (cup) in lilad-aianyala Upanisad 2.2.3.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid na (noi) slould bc icad inio ilis suiia liom suiia 1.+.5. Ii cannoi bc
said ilai ilc lcmalc dcsciibcd lcic is ilc maiciial naiuic as dcsciibcd in ilc
sanllya-smiii. Wly' lccausc ilc maiciial naiuic is noi spccilically dcsciibcd in
ilis passagc. lccausc ilcic is no spccilic dcsciipiion, bui only ilc mcniion ol
bcing unboin in ilc woid aja, wlicl is dciivcd liom ilc pliasc na jayaic (ii is noi
boin). Ii is lilc ilc cxamplc ol ilc cup. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(2.2.3) ii is said:
aivag-bilas camasa uidlva-budlna
"Tlcic is a cup wiil iis mouil down and iis boiiom up."
Ii is noi possiblc io ialc ilc woid camasa, wlicl is dciivcd liom ilc vcib cam
(io diinl), in ilis maniia as liicially a cup, oi vcssal io consumc wlai was ollcicd
in a yajna. Ii is also noi possiblc io considci ilc mcaning ol a woid wiiloui
iclcicncc io ciymology. Ioi ilis icason ii is noi possiblc io inicipici ilc woid in
ilis maniia as ilc maiciial naiuic dcsciibcd in ilc sanllya-smiii. Ii is also noi
possiblc bccausc ilc sanllya-smiii considcis ilai maiciial naiuic cicaics ilc
living cniiiics indcpcndcnily.
Tlc aja lcic is ilc poicncy ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlicl is
dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdas. Giving a spccilic icason io acccpi ilis, lc says:
Sufra 9
jyoiii upaliama iu iaila ly adlyaic clc
jyoiil-ligli; upaliama-bcginning wiil; iu-indccd; iaila-in ilai way; li-indccd;
adlyaic-iicad; clc-somc.
Ligli is iis oiigin. Also, oilci passagcs conliim ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (bui) is uscd in ilc scnsc ol cciiainiy. Tlc woid ligli is uscd io
mcan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis way Hc is cclcbiaicd in ilc
siuii-sasiia (lilad-aianyala Upanisad 10.+.16):
iad dcva jyoiisam jyoiil
"Tlc dcmigods mcdiiaic on Him, ilc ligli ol liglis."
Tlc woid upaliama slould bc undcisiood lcic in ilc scnsc ol "causc". lccausc
ilis aja (unboin) las lialman as iis causc, iis bcing unboin is mciaploiical only,
jusi as ilc "cup" in lilad-aianyala Upanisad 2.2.3.
In ilai passagc ii is said:
aivag-bilas camasa uidlva-budlna
"Tlcic is a cup wiil iis mouil down and iis boiiom up."
As ilc "cup" lcic is aciually ilc slull, in ilc samc way ilc aja (unboin) lcic is
noi aciually unboin, bui is ilc poicncy boin liom lialman, as is dcsciibcd in ilc
liisi and louiil clapicis ol Svciasvaiaia Upanisad.
Tlc liisi quoic is (Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 1.3):
ic dlyana-yoganugaia apasyan
dcvaima-saliim sva-gunaii nigudlam
"Tlc dlyana-yogs saw ilc Supicmc Loid's poicncy, wlicl was liddcn by iis
own qualiiics."

Tlc sccond quoic is (Svciasvaiaia Upanisad +.1):
ya cla-vaino baludla salii-yogai
"Hc (ilc Loid) wlo is onc las bccomc many by ilc ioucl ol His poicncy."
Tlcn ilc auiloi givcs anoilci icason in ilc suiia's woids iaila li. Hi in ilis
conicxi mcans "icason". Tlc icason is ilc cvidcncc givcn in oilci passagcs
(adlyaic clc). Tlai ilc maiciial naiuic is boin liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is also cxplaincd in ilc lollowing passagc (Mundala Upanisad 1.1.9):
iasmad ciad bialma nama iupam annam ca jayaic
"Iiom Him (ilc Loid), piadlana, namcs, loims, and lood, aic all boin."
Tlc woid bialma lcic mcans piadlana, wlicl is siiuaicd in ilc ilicc modcs ol
naiuic, and wlicl is also callcd bialma in llagavad-giia (1+.3):
mama yonii malad bialma
"Tlc ioial maiciial subsiancc, callcd lialman, is ilc souicc ol biiil."
Now oui opponcni may asl: How, ilcn, is ilc maiciial naiuic unboin' Tlcn, il
ii is unboin, low can ii bc boin liom ligli'
Icaiing ilai ilcsc qucsiions may bc iaiscd, lc says:
Sufra 10
lalpanopadcsac ca madlv-adi-vad aviiodlal
lalpana-cicaiion; upadcsai-liom ilc insiiuciion; ca-cciiainly; madlv-loncy;
adi-bcginning wiil; vad -lilc; aviiodlal-noi a coniiadiciion.
lccausc ii is said io bc cicaicd by ilc Supicmc ii is noi a coniiadiciion io say
ilai piadlana is boil cicaicd and uncicaicd. In ilis way iis is lilc loncy and somc
oilci ilings ilai aic boil cicaicd and uncicaicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis doubi is dispcllcd by ilc woid ca (cciiainly). Ii is possiblc loi piadlana io
bc boil cicaicd and uncicaicd. How is ilai' Tlai is cxplaincd by ilc woid
lalpana. Kalpana lcic mcans cicaiion". Ii slould bc undcisiood in ilai way
bccausc ii was uscd wiil ilai scnsc in ilc Rn Vcda's siaicmcni, yaila-puivam
alalpayai (In ilc bcginning ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd ilcw
woild). Tlc mcaning ol ilis is ilai ilc piadlana is manilcsicd liom ilc Supicmc
lialman, wlo is ilc masici ol ilc poicncics ol dailncss. Tlai is ilc iiuil in ilis
maiici. Tlc Loid las an cicinal and vciy subilc poicncy namcd iamas (dailncss),
wlicl is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni (Rg Vcda 10.1.29.3):
iama asi iamasa gudlam agic pialciam yada iamas ian na diva na iaiiil
"In ilc bcginning was dailncss. Dailncss covcicd cvciyiling. Wlcn ilc
dailncss was manilcsicd ilcic was nciilci day noi nigli."
Tamas is also dcsciibcd in ilc Culila Upanisad:
gaui anadavai
"Maiici las no powci io spcal."
Ai ilc iimc ol cosmic annililaiion piadlana aiiains oncncss wiil lialman, bui
docs noi mcigc inio lialman. In ilc passagc liom siuii-sasiia bcginning wiil ilc
woids piilivy apsu pialyaic ii is said ilai ilc maiciial clcmcnis, bcginning liom
caiil and culminaiing in cilci, all mcigc inio iamas (dailncss), bui ilcic is no
mcniion ol iamas mciging inio anoilci subsiancc bccausc iamas is alicady onc
wiil ilc Supicmc. lccausc iamas is vciy subilc ilcic is no possibiliiy ol ii bcing
scpaiaic liom ilc Supicmc, and ilcicloic ii is onc wiil Him. Ii is noi oilciwisc.
Tlis docs noi mcan ilai iamas is idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc. Il ii mcani idcniiiy
wiil ilc Supicmc ilc usc ol ilc piaiyaya cvi in cl-blavaii, would noi bc
appiopiiaic.
Wlcn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc masici ol ilc iamas poicncy,
dcsiics io cicaic, liom Him aiiscs ilc unmanilcsicd (avyalia) ilicc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic. Tlc siuii-sasiia cxplains:
malan avyalic lyaic avyaliam alsaic alsaiam iamasi
"Tlc malai mcigcs inio ilc avyalia, ilc avyalia mcigcs inio ilc alsaia, and
ilc alsaia mcigcs inio iamas."
Tlc Malablaiaia cxplains,
iasmad avyaliam uipannam iii-gunam dvija-saiiama
"O bcsi ol ilc bialmanas, ilc unmanilcsicd ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic was
boin liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlcsc passagcs liom sciipiuic clcaily dcsciibc ilc cicaiion ol piadlana and ilc
oilci clcmcnis. In ilis way ilc
ilc sciipiuics icacl ilai piadlana is cicaicd and ilai ii is boil causc and cllcci
simuliancously. Tlc Visnu Puiana cxplains ilis in ilc lollowing woids:
piadlana-pumsoi ajayol
laianam laiya-bluiayol
"Loid Visnu is ilc causc ol ilc unboin Piadlana and Puiusa."
Ai ilc iimc ol cicaiion ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic aiisc in piadlana and
piadlana manilcsis many dillcicni namcs, sucl as piadlana-avyalia, and many
dillcicni loims in icd and oilci colois. Ai ilis iimc ii is said ilai ilc piadlana is
manilcsicd liom ilc Supicmc Ligli (jyoiii-uipanna).
Ncxi lc (ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias) givcs an cxamplc: "Ii is lilc loncy and oilci
similai ilings (madlv-adi-vai)." Tlc sun, wlcn ii is a causc, icmains onc, and
wlcn ii is an cllcci ii bccomcs oilci ilings, sucl as ilc loncy cnjoycd by ilc
Vasus. In ilis way ilc sun is boil causc and cllcci simuliancously. Tlcic is no
coniiadiciion in ilis.
Adhikarana 3
The Phrase "Paca-paca-janah" in Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad +.+.17 Does Nof
Refer fo fhe 25 EIemenfs of Sankhya
Visaya: Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.17 cxplains:
yasmin panca-panca-jana
alasas ca piaiisiliial iam cva manya aimanam vidvan bialmamiio 'miiam
"I, wlo am immoiial spiiii, mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc lialman, in wlom ilc
cilci clcmcni and ilc panca-panca-jana icsi."
Samsaya: Do ilc woids panca-panca-jana iclci io ilc 25 clcmcnis dcsciibcd in
ilc Kapila-ianiia, oi io somc livc oilci ilings'
Puivapalsa: lccausc panca-panca is a baluvili-samasa and panca-panca-janal
is a laimadlaiaya-samasa, ilc woid panca-panca-janal iclcis io ilc 25 clcmcnis
dcsciibcd by Kapila. Somclow ilc iwo clcmcnis aima and alasa aic lcic addcd io
ilc lisi ol clcmcnis. Tlc woid jana lcic mcans iaiiva (clcmcnis).
Siddlania: Hc says:
Sufra 11
na sanllyopasangialad api nana-blavad aiiiclac ca
na -noi; sanllya-ol numbcis; upasangialai -bccausc ol cnumciaiion; api -cvcn;
nana-vaiious; blavai-siaics; aiiiclai-bccausc ol going bcyond; ca-and.
Lvcn ilougl ilcy givc ilc samc numbcis as ilc sanllya ilcoiy, ilcsc woids do
noi iclci io ilc sanllya ilcoiy bccausc ilc ilc numbcis lcic aciually cxcccd
sanllya's numbcis and bccausc ilc clcmcnis ol sanllya aic vaiicgaicd (and noi
gioupcd inio livc gioups ol livc).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid api (cvcn) lcic is uscd in ilc scnsc ol "cvcn il wc considci loi a
momcni ilis vicw." ly noiing ilai ilc numbci lcic is ilc samc numbci as ilc
sanllya clcmcnis docs noi piovc ilai panca-panca-jana iclcis io ilc sanllya
clcmcnis. Wly' Tlc answci is givcn in ilc woids bcginning nana-blavai. lccausc
ilc vaiicgaicd sanllya clcmcnis aic noi dividcd inio livc gioups ol livc, ii is noi
possiblc io acccpi ilc 5 X 5 lcic as iclciiing io ilc 25 sanllya clcmcnis. Also, ilc
addiiion ol aima and alasa biings ilc numbci up io 27. Simply by lcaiing ilc
woid panca livc) iwicc onc slould noi bc bcwildcicd inio ilinling ilcsc iwo livcs
iclci io ilc 25 clcmcnis ol ilc sanllya ilcoiy. Wlai is youi inicipiciaiion ol
panca-panca-jana'" somconc may asl. Tlc woid panca-jana is ilc namc ol a gioup
jusi as ilc woid sapiaisi (ilc scvcn sagcs) is ilc namc ol a gioup. Tlis is cxplaincd
by Panini (Asiadlyay 2.1.50) in ilc woids dil-sanllyc samjnayam (Woids
indicaiing diicciion oi numbci may bc compoundcd wiil anoilci woid in ilc
samc casc). As cacl ol ilc sapiaisis may bc callcd sapiaisi, in ilc samc way ilcic
may bc livc panca-janas, cacl ol wlom may bc callcd a panca-jana, and all ilc
panca-janas iogcilci may bc callcd ilc livc panca-janas. In ilis way ilc mcaning ol
ilc woid panca-jana is vciy clcai.
Wlo aic ilcsc panca-janas' To answci ilis qucsiion lc says:
Sufra 12
pianadayo valya-scsai
piana-bicail; adayal -bcginning wiil; valya-ol ilc siaicmcni; scsai-liom ilc
icmaindci.
Tlc panca-janas lcic aic livc ilings bcginning wiil piana (bicail), as is clcai
liom ilc woids immcdiaicly lollowing ilc mcniion ol panca-jana.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc livc ilings bcginning wiil piana aic dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids
(lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.1S):
pianasya pianam uia calsusas calsui uia sioiiasya sioiiam annasyannam manaso
yc mano vidul
"Tlcy lnow ilc bicail ol bicail, ilc cyc ol ilc cyc, ilc cai ol ilc cai, ilc lood
ol lood, ilc mind ol ilc mind."
Tlc objcciion may bc iaiscd: Tlc woid annam (lood) lcic is includcd in ilc
Madlyandina icccnsion ol ilc Upanisad bui noi in ilc Kanva icccnsion. In ilc
Kanva icccnsion, ilcn, ilcic aic only loui iicms and noi livc.
To answci ilis doubi lc says:
Sufra 13
jyoiisailcsam asaiy annc
jyoiisa-by ligli; clcsam -ol somc; asaiy -in ilc abscncc; annc-ol lood.

In somc vcisions (ilc Kanva icccnsion) ilc woid "jyoiil" (ligli) icplaccs ilc
woid "anna" (lood).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc vcision ol somc (ilc Kanvas), cvcn ilougl ilc woid anna is missing, ilc
addiiion ol ilc woid jyoiil biings ilc numbci up io livc. Tlis woid jyoiil is lound
in lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.6 in ilc woids iad dcva jyoiisam jyoiil (Tlc
dcmigods woislip Him, ilc ligli ol liglis). Tlc woid jyoiil appcais lcic in boil
icccnsions and ii slould bc counicd among ilc livc oi noi as is appiopiiaic.
Adhikarana +
Brahman Is The OnIy OriginaI Cause
Tlc sanllya ilcoiisi iaiscs anoilci doubi: "Ii cannoi bc said ilai ilc Vcdania
dcsciibcs lialman as ilc solc causc ol ilc univcisc, loi ilc Vcdania plilosoply
docs noi dcsciibc a singlc oiiginal causc ol cicaiion. In Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.1.1
aima (scll) is icvcalcd as ilc souicc ol cicaiion in ilc lollowing woids:
iasmad va ciasmad aimana alasal sambluial
"Iiom aima ilc sly was boin."
Anoilci passagc (Taiiiiiiya Upanisad 2.7.1) dcsciibcs asai (non-cxisicncc) as
ilc oiiginal causc in ilc lollowing woids:
asad va idam agia asi iaio va sad ajayaia iad aimanam svayam aluiuia
"In ilc bcginning was non-cxisicncc. Iiom non-cxisicncc cxisicncc was boin.
Lxisicncc cicaicd ilc scll."
Anoilci passagc (Clandogya Upanisad 1.9.1) alliims ilai alasa (sly) is ilc
oiiginal causc:
asya lolasya la gaiii iiy alasa iii lovaca
"Wlai is ilc oiigin ol ilis woild' Sly is ilc oiigin, lc said."
Anoilci passagc (Clandogya Upanisad 1.11.5) alliims ilai bicail is ilc
oiiginal causc in ilc lollowing woids:
saivani la va imani bluiani pianam cvablisamvisanii
"Lvciyiling was boin liom bicail and uliimaicly cnicis inio bicail again."
Anoilci passagc again pioclaims asai (non-cxisicncc) as ilc oiiginal causc in
ilc lollowing woids:
asad cvcdam agia asi iai samablavai
"In ilc bcginning was non-cxisicncc. Iiom non-cxisicncc ilis woild was
manilcsicd."
Anoilci passagc (Clandogya Upanisad 6.2.1) pioclaims lialman ilc oiiginal
causc in ilc lollowing woids:
sad cva saumycdam agia asi
"O sainily onc, in ilc bcginning was lialman."
Anoilci passagc (lilad-aianyala Upanisad 1.+.7) pioclaims avyaliia (ilc
unmanilcsicd) as ilc oiiginal causc in ilc lollowing woids:
iad vaidam iaily avyaliiam asi ian-nama-iupablyam vyaliiyaia
" In ilc bcginning was ilc unmanilcsicd. Iiom ii all ilc namcs and loims lavc
comc."
Many oilci passagcs could also bc quoicd io slow ilc dillcicni ilcoiics ol
cicaiion. lccausc in ilcsc passagcs ol ilc Vcdas many dillcicni ilings lavc bccn
dcsciibcd as ilc solc oiiginal causc ol cicaiion, ii cannoi bc said ilai lialman is
ilc solc causc ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc woild. Howcvci, ii is possiblc io say ilai
piadlana is ilc solc causc ol cicaiion, as wc lind in ilc passagc (bcginning wiil
ilc woid iaili alicady quoicd liom ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad. Il ilis vicw is
acccpicd, ilcn ilc coniiadiciion ol sccing onc iling somciimcs as ilc oiiginal
causc and somciimcs as a pioduci ol ilc oiiginal causc bccomcs ai oncc icsolvcd.
lccausc ii is all-pcivading ilc piadlana can appiopiiaicly bc callcd aima, alasa,
and bialma, bccausc ii is ilc icsiing-placc ol all iiansloimaiions and bccausc ii is
cicinal ii may appiopiiaicly bc callcd asai, and bccausc ii is ilc oiigin ol all
bicailing ii may mciaploiically bc callcd bicail. Wlcn ilc sciipiuics siaic ilai
ilc oiiginal causc pciloimcd aciiviiics, sucl as ilinling (lilad-aianyala Upanisad
1.2.5 cxplains sa ailsaia: Tlc oiiginal causc ilougli.) ilcsc may also bc
considcicd mciaplois. All ilis cvidcncc clcaily dcmonsiiaics ilai piadlana is ilc
oiiginal causc ol cicaiion ol ilc woild as dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdania liiciaiuic. In ilc
conicxi ol ilis aigumcni:
Sufra 1+
laianaivcna calasadisu yaila vyapadisiolicl
laianaivcna -as ilc causc; ca-cciiainly; alasa-sly; adisu -bcginning wiil; yaila
-as; vyapadisia-dcsciibcd; ulicl-liom ilc siaicmcni.

Tlc Upanisads siaic ilai lialman is ilc causc ol sly and ilc oilci clcmcnis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid ca (cciiainly) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Ii may bc said ilai
lialman is ilc only causc ol ilc woild. Wly' lccausc "ilc Upanisads siaic ilai
lialman is ilc causc ol sly and ilc oilci clcmcnis." Tlc woids yaila
vyapadisiam (as dcsciibcd) mcan lialman wlo in ilc lalsana-suiia olVcdania
(1.1.2) and in oilci placcs in Vcdic liiciaiuic is dcsciibcd as all-lnowing, all-
powcilul, and lull ol all oilci powcis and viiiucs." Tlis is iiuc bccausc in all
Vcdania liiciaiuics lialman is dcsciibcd as ilc oiiginal causc ol sly and all ilc
clcmcnis. Tlai lialman is all-lnowing and lull ol a losi ol iiansccndcnial
qualiiics: is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids (Taiiiiiya Upanisad 1.2.2):
saiyam jnanam ananiam
"lialman is cicinal, limiilcss, and lull ol lnowlcdgc."
Tlai lialman is ilc oiiginal causc ol all causcs is dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids
(Taiiiiiya Upanisad 1.2.3):
iasmad va ciasmai
"Iiom lialman sly is manilcsicd."
Tlc qualiiics ol lialman aic dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids (Clandogya
Upanisad 6.2.1):
sad cva saumycdam
"O gcnilc onc, in ilc bcginning was ilc cicinal lialman."
Also, in ilcsc woids (Clandogya Upanisad 6.2.3):
iad ailsaia bal syam
"Hc ilougli: I slall bccomc many."
Tlc iiuil ol lialman is also dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids (Taiiiiiya
Upanisad 6.2.3):
iai icjo 'sijaia
" Tlcn Hc cicaicd ligli."
Tlc iclaiionslip bciwccn causc and cllcci in icgaid io lialman wc will
dcsciibc laici on. Tlc woids aima, alasa, piana, sai, and lialman mcan all-
pcivading", "all-cllulgcni," "all-powcilul," "ilc supicmc cxisicncc," and "ilc
gicaicsi," icspcciivcly. Tlcsc woids aic vciy appiopiiaic as namcs loi lialman. In
ilc samc way ilc siaicmcni sa ailsaia (Hc ilougli.) is vciy appiopiiaic loi
lialman.
Now, dcsciibing ilc mcaning ol ilc woids asai (non-cxisicncc) and avyaliia
(unmanilcsicd), lc says:
Sufra 15
samalaisai
samalaisai-liom appiopiiaicncss.
Tlc woids "asai" (non-cxisicncc) and avyaliia" (unmanilcsicd) also iclci io
lialman, loi ilai inicipiciaiion is appiopiiaic in ilis conicxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ii is picccdcd by ilc woids so 'lamayaia (Hc dcsiicd.) ilc woid asai in
ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.7.1 passagc asad va idam agia asi (In ilc bcginning was
asai) musi iclci io ilc Supicmc lialman, and bccausc ii is picccdcd by ilc woids
adiiyo bialma (splcndid lialman) ilc woid asai in ilc passagc asad cvcdam (In
ilc bcginning was asai) musi also iclci io ilc Supicmc lialman. lccausc bcloic
ilc cicaiion ol ilc maiciial woild ilc Supicmc lialman's namcs and loims lad
noi cxisicd in ilc maiciial woild, ilc Supicmc lialman is somciimcs lnown as
asai (non-cxisicncc).
Tlc idca ilai asai and noi ilc Supicmc lialman is ilc oiiginal causc ol
cicaiion is icluicd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Clandogya Upanisad (6.2.1-2):
sad cva saumycdam agia asd clam cvadviiyam iad dlaila alui asad cvcdam agia
asd clam cvadviiyam iasmad asaial saj jayaic. luias iu llalu saumyaivam syad
iii lovaca lailam asaial saj jaycicii sai iv cva saumycdam agia asd clam
cvadviiyam.
"O gcnilc onc, in ilc bcginning was sai, wlo is onc wiiloui a sccond. Somc say
ilai in ilc bcginning was asai, wlo is onc wiiloui a sccond, and liom ilai asai ilc
sai was boin. O gcnilc onc," lc said, "low is ii possiblc ilai ilc sai was boin liom
ilc asai' O gcnilc onc, ii is ilc sai, wlicl is onc wiiloui a sccond, ilai cxisicd in
ilc bcginning."
Tlc idca ilai asai was ilc oiiginal causc ol cicaiion is also icluicd by ilc
aigumcni ol iimc.
Noic: Tlc aigumcni ol iimc is ilai is noi possiblc io usc ilc vcib "io bc" wiil ilc
nound asai (non-cxisicncc). lccausc ii is ilus noi possiblc io say "In ilc
bcginning non-cxisicncc was," ii is also noi possiblc io say ilai asai (non-
cxisicncc) was ilc oiiginal causc ol cicaiion.
In ilis way ilc wisc dcclaic ilai ii is noi possiblc loi non-cxisicncc io bc ilc
causc ol cicaiion and loi ilis icason wlcn asai is dcsciibcd as ilc causc ol cicaiion
ii musi iclci io ilc Supicmc lialman, wlo is asai bccausc His iiansccndcnial
poicncics aic supicmcly subilc and linc. Tlai is ilc piopci undcisianding ol ilc
woid asai in ilis conicxi.
Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.7) cxplains:
iad vaidam iaily avyaliiam asi ian-nama-iupablyam vyaliiyaia
"In ilc bcginning was ilc avyaliia. Iiom ii all ilc namcs and loims lavc
comc."
Tlc woid avyaliia slould bc undcisiood io mcan lialman. In ilc woids sa csa
ila piavisial (Tlcn Hc cnicicd wiilin) ilai immcdiaicly lollow ii bccomcs clcai
ilai ilc avyaliia ilai bccomcs manilcsicd by namc and loim is ilc powcilul
Supicmc lialman wlo appcais by His own wisl. Any conclusion oilci ilan ilis
would opposc ilc clcai icaclings ol Vcdania-suiia and ilc gcncial conclusions ol
all ilc siuii-sasiias. Ioi ilcsc icasons ii is ilcicloic conliimcd ilai ilc Supicmc
lialman is ilc aciual causc ol ilc maiciial univciscs.
Adhikarana 5
The "Purusa" of fhe Kausfaki Upanisad Is Brahman
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc ncxi passagc ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias) again icluics ilc sanllya ilcoiy.
In ilc Kausial Upanisad +.1S lalal Vipia piomiscs I slall icll you aboui
lialman," and piocccds io dcsciibc 16 puiusas, bcginning wiil ilc sun-god, as
lialman. King Ajaiasaiiu ilcn icjccis ilcsc insiiuciions and says: O lalal, ilc
pcison wlo is ilc cicaioi ol ilcsc 16 puiusas, ilc pcison cngagcd in ilis laima is
ilc aciual lialman."
Samsaya: Ai ilis poini ilc doubi may bc iaiscd: "Is ilc supciinicndcni ol
maiici, ilc cnjoyci dcsciibcd in ilc sanllya icxis, oi is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, Loid Visnu, io bc undcisiood as ilc lialman mcniioncd lcic'
Puivapalsa: Somconc may objcci: lccausc ilc usc ol ilc woid laima lcic
idcniilics ilis lialman wiil ilc cxpciicncing ilc icsulis ol good and bad woil,
bccausc ii ilc ncxi passagc ilis lialman is dcsciibcd as somciimcs slccping (iau
la supiam puiusam ajagmaiul, and bccausc in ilc passagc alici ilai ilis lialman
is dcsciibcd as an cnjoyci (iad yaila sicsil svaii blunlic), ii slould bc
undcisiood ilai ilc lialman lcic is ilc jva (individual spiiii soul) dcsciibcd in
ilc ianiias. Tlc usc ol ilc woid piana (lilc-bicail) lcic also conliims ilai ilc
lialman dcsciibcd lcic is ilc living individual soul. Tlis lialman (ilc jva),
wlicl is dillcicni liom maiici, slould ilus bc undcisiood as ilc oiiginal causc ol
ilc many cnjoycipuiusas and ilc oiiginal causc ol ilcii sinlcss aciiviiics as wcll. In
ilis way ii las bccn piovcn ilai ilc lialman dcsciibcd in ilis passagc is ilc
individual spiiii soul (jva). Tlc ilcoiy ilai ilcic is a Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is scpaiaic liom ilc individual spiiii soul (jva) is ilus complcicly
unicnablc. Tlc icxi (sa ailsaia) ilai cxplains ilai ilc cicaioi ilinls is ilus vciy
appiopiiaic il ii is undcisiood ilai ilc oiiginal causc, ilc coniiollci ol ilc maiciial
cncigy ilai cicaics ilis woild, is in laci ilc individual soul (jva).
Siddlania: In icsponsc io ilis:
Sufra 16
jagad-vaciivai
jagai-ilc woild; vaciivai-bccausc ol ilc woid.
(Tlc woid lialman lcic mcans ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bccausc
ilc woid "laima" lcic slould bc undcisiood) io mcan "jagai" (cicaiion).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid lialman lcic docs noi mcan ilc lsciiajna (individual spiiiiual soul)
dcsciibcd in ilc ianiias, bui iailci ii mcans ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
wlo is lnown by siudy ol Vcdania. Wly' lccausc ol ilc usc ol ilc woid jagai.
lccausc ii is accompanicd by ilc woid jagai, ilc woid laima in ilis passagc mcans
"ilc maiciial woild composcd ol a mixiuic ol maiici and spiiii." lccausc Hc is ilc
oiiginal cicaioi, ilis laima (maiciial woild) may bc undcisiood io bc His piopciiy
(yasya laima). Tlc iiuil is ilis: ilc woid laima, wlicl is dciivcd liom ilc vcib
li (io do, cicaic) lcic mcans cicaiion". Wlcn ilis inicipiciaiion is acccpicd ilc
aciual mcaning ol ilc woid lcic is undcisiood. Tlis inicipiciaiion icluics ilc
misialcn idca ilai ilc individual spiiii soul (jva) is ilc oiiginal cicaioi. Lvcn ilc
Kapila-ianiia docs noi acccpi ilc individual living cniiiy as ilc oiiginal cicaioi.
Onc also cannoi say ilai by adlyasa (associaiion) ilc individual living cniiiy may
bc considcicd ilc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial woild, loi all ilc sciipiuics mainiain ilai
ilc spiiii soul is always alool liom maiici. Ioi ilcsc icasons ii is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo is ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol ilc maiciial woild. Ii cannoi
bc ilai King Ajaiasaiiu spcals lics in ilis passagc. Rcjcciing lalal's icacling ilai
ilc sixiccn puiusas (pcisons) aic lialman, Ajaiasaiiu piomiscs, "I will icll you
aboui lialman." Il Ajaiasaiiu ilcn icaclcs ilai ilc jvas (individual spiiii souls)
aic lialman ilcn lis icacling is no dillcicni ilan lalal's, and lc is disloncsi io
icjcci lalal's insiiuciion as uniiuc, and ilcn icacl ilc samc insiiuciion as ilc
iiuil. In ilis way ilc mcaning ol ilis passagc is undcisiood. "You lavc dcsciibcd
ilcsc puiusas (pcisons) as lialman, bui I will icll you ol somconc wlo is ilc
cicaioi ol all ol ilcm," is ilc gisi ol Ajaiasaiiu's siaicmcni. In ilis way ii slould bc
undcisiood ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc oiiginal causc and ilc
cniiic maiciial woild is His cicaiion.
Puivapalsa: Il somconc objccis "lccausc ii mcniions mullya-piana (ilc clicl
bicail ol lilc) ilc lialman lcic musi bc ilc jva and noi anyonc clsc," ilcn lc
icplics:
Sufra 17
jva-mullya-piana-lingan ncii cci iad-vyallyaiam
jva-ilc individual spiiiiual cniiiy; mullya-ilc clicl; piana-bicail ol lilc;
lingan -bccausc ol ilc claiaciciisiics; na-noi; iii -ilus; cci -il; iad-ilai;
vyallyaiam-las bccn cxplaincd.

Il ilc objcciion is iaiscd ilai ilc jva oi clicl bicail ol lilc is dcsciibcd as
lialman in ilis passagc, ilcn I say, "No. Tlis las alicady bccn cxplaincd (in
1.1.31)."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In suiia 1.1.31, wlicl dcali wiil ilc convcisaiion ol India and Piaiaidana, ilis
qucsiion was conclusivcly dccidcd. Tlcic ii was cxplaincd ilai in a passagc wlcic
in boil ilc bcginning and ilc cnd lialman was cxpliciily namcd, wlai in ilc
bcginning may sccm pcilaps by iis claiaciciisiics io iclci io ilc jvas oi
somciling clsc (wiiloui ilcm bcing cxpliciily namcd) musi bc ialcn as iclciiing
io lialman also.
Tlis passagc liom ilc Kausial Upanisad bcgins wiil ilc woids bialma ic
biavani (Now I will icll you aboui lialman), and cnds wiil ilc woids saivan
papmano 'palaiya saivcsam bluiaanam sicsilam adlipaiyam paiycii ya cva vcda
(A pcison wlo undcisiands ilis bccomcs licc liom all sins. Hc bccomcs ilc ling
ol all mcn). lccausc ol ilcsc woids undcisiood accoiding io ilc cxplanaiion givcn
in ilc convcisaiion ol India and Piaiaidana (1.1.31) and bccausc ol ilc oilci
aigumcnis givcn lcic ilc woids yasya caiiai laima in ilis passagc ol Kausial
Upanisad slould noi bc undcisiood io iclci io anyiling oilci ilan lialman, ilc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Samsaya: Cciiainly you may conncci ilc woids laima and piana wiil ilc woid
ciai and ilcn inicipici ilcm io iclci io lialman, bui siill ilcic aic diicci
iclcicnccs io ilc jva in ilis passagc (ol Kausial Upanisad). Tlc cvidcncc ol ilc
qucsiions and answcis in ilis passagc malc ii impossiblc io considci lialman
dillcicni liom ilc jva. In ilc qucsiion aboui ilc slccpci ilc jva is aslcd aboui,
and in ilc qucsiions aboui ilc placc ol slccp, ilc nads, and ilc scnscs, ilc jva,
wlo is lcic callcd piana, is also aslcd aboui. Ii is ilc jva wlo awalcns (ai ilc
cnd). In ilis way ilc cniiic passagc is aboui ilc jva. In ilis way ii may bc
undcisiood ilgai ilc jva is ilc Supicmc.
To answci ilis doubi lc says:
Sufra 18
anyaiilam iu jaiminil piasna-vyallyanablyam api caivam clc
anya-anoilci; aiilam -mcaning; iu -bui; jaiminil -Jaimini; piasna-wiil ilc
qucsiions; vyallyanablyam -and answcis; api -also; ca-and; cvam -in ilis way.
clc-somc.
Jaimini ilinls ilcsc qucsiions and answcis convcy a dillcicni mcaning and
somc vcisions ol ilc icxi also givc a dillcicni mcaning.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc dcsciipiion ol ilc jva lcic
las a dillcicni mcaning. Jaimini considcis ilai ilis passagc cxplains ilai lialman
and ilc jva aic dillcicni. Wly' lccausc ol ilc qucsiions and answcis in ilis
passagc. Tlc qucsiions asl aboui ilc living soul, slccping and awalc, wlo is
dillcicni liom ilc lilc-bicail. Tlc icxi icads: lvaisa ciad balalc puiusa sayisia lva
va ciad ablui luia ciad agai (O lalal, wlcic docs ilis pcison icsi wlilc lc
slccps' Iiom wlcic docs lc comc wlcn lc walcs') In ilis qucsiion ilc dillcicncc
bciwccn lialman and ilc jva may bc clcaily sccn. Tlc answci is givcn yada
supial svapnam na lancana pasyaii iailasmin piana cvailadla blavaii (Wlcn lc
slccps wiiloui sccing a dicam lc bccomcs onc wiil ilc lilc-bicail). Tlc passagc
ciasmad aimanal piana yailayaianam vipiaiisianic piancblyo dcva dcvcblyo
lolal (Iiom ilai Supicmc Scll ilc bicail ol lilc comcs. Iiom ilc bicail ol lilc ilc
dcmigods comc. Iiom ilc dcmigods ilc plancis comc.) slows ilc dillcicncc
bciwccn lialman and ilc jva. Tlc woid piana lcic mcans Loid Paiamaima
bccausc Paiamaima is lamous as ilc icsiing-placc ol dicamlcss slccp. Inio Him ilc
jvas mcigc and liom Him ilcy bccomc manilcsicd again. Tlc mcaning ol ilc
lollowing passagc is ilai ilc nads aic mcicly ilc gaicways lcading io ilc icalm ol
slccp. Tlc Paiamaima slould bc undcisiood io bc ilc icalm wlcic ilc slccpy jva
slccps and liom wlicl ilc jva cmcigcs io cnjoy (in walclulncss). In ilc
Vajasancy icccnsion ol ilis convcisaiion bciwccn lalal and Ajaiasaiiu ilc jva is
dcsciibcd as vijnanamaya lull ol lnowlcdgc and lialman is clcaily disiinguislcd
liom lim. In ilai icading ilc qucsiion is: ya csa vijnanamayal puiusal lvaisa
iadablui luia ciad agai (O lalal, wlcic docs ilis pcison lull ol lnowlcdgc icsi
wlilc lc slccps' Iiom wlcic docs lc comc wlcn lc walcs') and ilc answci is
givcn: ya cso 'niai lidaya alasas iasmin scic (Hc icsis in ilc sly wiilin ilc lcaii).
In ilis way ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc objcci ol lnowlcdgc iaugli
in ilis passagc.
Adhikarana 6
The "fma" of Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad +.5 is Brahman and Nof ]va
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.5.6 Yajnavallya icaclcs lis wilc, Maiiicy:
na va aic paiyul lamaya paiil piiyo blavaii
"A lusband is noi dcai bccausc ilc wilc lovcs ilc lusband. A lusband is dcai
bccausc slc lovcs ilc Scll."
Hc also says:
na va aic saivasya lamaya saivam piiyam blavaii aimanas iu lamaya saivam
piiyam blavaii
"Lvciyiling is noi dcai bccausc onc lovcs cvciyiling. Lvciyiling is dcai
bccausc onc lovcs ilc Scll."
Again, lc says:
aima va aic diasiavyal sioiavyo maniavyo nididlyasiiavyo maiiicyy aimano va aic
daisancna siavancna maiya vijnancna idam saivam vidiiam
"Tlc Scll slould bc sccn, lcaid, woislipcd, and always mcdiiaicd on. O
Maiiicy, by sccing, lcaiing, woisliping, and undcisianding ilc Scll, cvciyiling
bccomcs lnown."
Samsaya: In ilis passagc wlicl scll is io bc undcisiood: ilc jva (individual
spiiii soul) dcsciibcd in ilc Kapila-ianiia, oi ilc Paiamaima (ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad)'
Puivapalsa: lccausc in ilis passagc lc dcsciibcs ilc lovc ol lusband and wilc
and bccausc in ilc middlc ol ilc passagc lc says: cicblyo bluicblyal samuiilaya
iany cvanuvinasyaii na piciya-samjnasii (Hc lcavcs ilc maiciial clcmcnis, lis body
is dcsiioycd, lc dics and is no longci conscious), woids ilai clcaily dcsciibc a
icsidcni ol ilc maiciial woild wlo is subjcci io biiil and dcail, and bccausc ai ilc
cnd lc says: vijnaiaiam aic lcna vijanyai (How slould wc undcisiand ilc pcison
wlo is ilc lnowci') ilis passagc slould bc inicipicicd io dcsciibc ilc jva, wlo is
ilc lnowci dcsciibcd in ilc Kapila-ianiia. Onc may objcci: "lui ii says ilai by
lnowing ilc Scll cvciyiling bccomcs lnown. Cciiainly ilis iclcis io ilc
Paiamaima and noi ilc jva." bui ilis objcciion is noi valid. Tlc jva ialcs biiil in
ilis woild wiil an aim io cnjoy and onc may liguiaiivcly say ilai by lnowing ilc
jva onc lnows cvciyiling loi onc ilcn lnows ilc woild aiound lim mcani loi lis
cnjoymcni. Onc may again objcci, Tlis passagc canoi iclci io ilc jva bccausc ilc
icxi says amiiaivasya iu nasasii viiicna (ly lnowing Him onc bccomcs immoiial).
lccausc ii is only by lnowing ilc Paiamaima ilai onc bccomcs immoiial, low can
ilis passagc iclci io ilc jva'" Tlis objcciion is also noi valid bccausc by
undcisianding ilai ilc jva is by naiuic dillcicni liom maiici onc may also aiiain
immoiialiiy. In ilc samc way all dcsciipiions in ilis passagc ilai sccm io iclci io
lialman slould bc undcisiood io iclci io ilc jva. In ilis way ilis cniiic passagc
dcsciibcs ilc jva. In ilis way ii slould bc undcisiood ilai ilc maiciial naiuic,
wlicl is undci ilc coniiol ol ilc jva, is ilc oiiginal causc ol ilc woild.
Siddlania: In ilis maiici:

Sufra 19
valyanvayai
valya-siaicmcni; anvayai-bccausc ol ilc conncciion.
Tlc conicxi ol ilis passagc piovcs ilai lialman is ilc objcci ol discussion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis passagc ilc Paiamaima, and noi ilc jva ol ilc Kapila-ianiia, is
dcsciibcd. Wly' lccausc in ilc conicxi ol ilc wlolc passagc, including wlai
picccdcs and lollows ilis quoic, ilai is ilc appiopiiaic inicipiciaiion.
Tlicc sagcs also conliim ilis inicipiciaiion:
Sufra 20
piaiijna-siddlci lingam asmaiailyal
piaiijna-ol ilc piomisc; siddlci -ol ilc lullillmcni; lingam -ilc mail;
asmaiailyal-Asmaiailya.
smaiilya (mainiains ilai ilc Scll lcic is Paiamaima bccausc only in ilai way)
is ilc piomisc (ilai by lnowlcdgc ol ilc Scll cvciyiling is lnown) lullillcd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
smaiailya mainiains ilai ilc piomisc aimano vijnancna saivam vidiiam (ly
lnowlcdgc ol ilc Scll cvciyiling is lnown) indicaics ilai ilc Scll iclciicd io lcic
is ilc Paiamaima. Ii is noi iaugli lcic ilai by lnowlcdgc ol ilc jva cvciyiling
bccomcs lnown. On ilc oilci land by lnowlcdgc ol ilc causc ol all causcs
cvciyiling bccomcs lnown. Ii is noi possiblc io inicipici ilcsc woids in a
liguiaiivc way bccausc alici piomising ilai by lnowing ilc Scll cvciyiling
bccomcs lnown, in ilc passagc bcginning bialma iam paiadai (Onc wlo ilinls
ilc bialmanas icsi in a placc oilci ilan ilc Scll is spuincd by ilc bialmanas. Onc
wlo ilinls ilc lsaiiiyas icsi in a placc oilci ilan ilc Scll is spuincd by ilc
lsaiiiyas. Onc wlo ilinls ilc woilds icsi in a placc oilci ilan ilc scll is spuincd
by ilc woilds) lc alliims ilai ilc Paiamaima is ilc loim ol cvciyiling and ilc
icsiing placc ol ilc bialmanas, lsaiiiyas, and woild. Ioi ilcsc icasons ii is noi
possiblc ilai ilc Scll lcic can bc any oilci ilan ilc Paiamaima. Ii is also noi
possiblc loi ilc individual living cniiiy wlo icmains undci ilc coniiol ol laima io
bc ilc oiiginal causc ol all causcs dccsiibcd in ilc passagc bcginning iasya va
ciasya malaio bluiasya nilsvasiiam (iiansccndcnial lc Vcdas wcic manilcsicd
liom ilc bicailing ol ilis Supicmc lcing). Ii is also noi possiblc loi (ilc sagc
Yajnavallya) io lavc iaugli lis wilc, wlo lad icnounccd all wcalil and maiciial
bcncliis io aiiain libciaiion, only aboui ilc jva and noi aboui ilc Supicmc
lialman. Ii is also noi possiblc ilai ilc Scll iclciicd io lcic is ilc jva bccausc on
cannoi aiiain libciaiion simply by lnowing ilc jva. Tlai libciaiion is aiiaincd
only by undcisianding ilc Supicmc lialman is conliimcd in ilc lollowing
siaicmcni ol Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 3.S and 6.15: iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii (ly
undcisianding ilc Supicmc lialman onc is ablc io iiansccnd dcail). Ioi all ilcsc
icasons ii slould bc undcisiood ilai ilc Scll dcsciibcd in ilis passagc is ilc
Paiamaima.
Puivapalsa: Tlc objcciion may bc iaiscd: lccausc ilc Scll in ilis passagc is
dcsciibcd as ilc objcci ol lovc loi ilc lusband and oilci pcisons, ilis scll musi bc
ilc jva bound io ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail and noi ilc Paiamaima. Ii
cannoi bc said ilai ilc Scll dcsciibcd lcic musi bc ilc Paiamaima bccausc ilai
inicipiciaiion answcis ilc piomisc (ol Yajnavallya io spcal cciiain woids), noi
can ii bc said ilai ilc Scll lcic musi bc ilc Paiamaima bccausc ilis Scll is ilc
slclici ol ilc dcvoiccs, ilc cicaioi ol cvciyiling, all-powcilul, and ilc oiigin ol
iiansccndcnial bliss. Tlc jva may also bc ilcsc ilings, as ilc Padma Puiana
cxplains: ycnaiciio laiis icna iaipiiani jaganiy api iajyanii janiavas iaiia silavaia
jangama api (Onc wlo woislips Loid Haii plcascs all ilc woilds. All moving and
non-moving cicaiuics lovc ilc dcvoicc). In ilis way ilc Scll dcsciibcd lcic is noi
ilc Paiamaima.
Siddlania: Icaiing ilai ilc opponcni may spcal ilcsc woids, lc says:
Sufra 21
uiliamisyaia cvam blavad iiy audulomil
uiliamisyaial -ol a pcison aboui io dcpaii; cvam-in ilis way; blavai-liom ilis
condiiion; iii-ilus; audulomil-Audulomi.
Audulomi mainiains ilai onc aboui io bccomc libciaicd aiiains ilc
iiansccndcnial qualiiics ol ilc Loid.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid uiliamisyaial lcic mcans a pcison wlo by lollowing spiiiiual
piaciiccs aiiains ilc Paiamaima. Lvam blavai mcans "bccausc ol bcing dcai io
cvciyonc." ima mcans "Paiamaima." Tlis is ilc opinion ol Audulomi. Tlc
passagc paiyul lamaya paiil piiyo blavaii (A lusband is noi dcai bccausc ilc
wilc lovcs ilc lusband. A lusband is dcai bccausc slc lovcs ilc Scll) mcans ilai il
a wilc ilinls "ly my own powci I slall bccomc dcai io my lusband" lci lusband
will noi lovc lci. Howcvci, il ilc wilc lovcs ilc Paiamaima, ilcn Loid Paiamaima
will malc cvciyonc lovc ilis dcvoicc-wilc. Tlc woid lama lcic mcans "dcsiic"
and lamaya mcans "io lullill ilc dcsiic." Tlc usc ol ilc daiivc casc lcic is
dcsciibcd in Panini's suiias (Asiadlyay 2.3.1 oi Siddlania-laumud 5S1) in ilc
lollowing woids: liiyaiilopapadasya ca laimani silaninal (Tlc daiivc casc is
uscd loi ilc objcci ol a vcib undcisiood bui noi cxpicsscd. In ilc daiivc iwo vcibs
aic uscd iogcilci and ilc aciion is in ilc luiuic). In oilci woids ilis passagc
(paiyul lamaya) ol ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad mcans "Wlcn Hc is woislipcd
wiil dcvoiion, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad malcs cvciyiling a souicc ol
lappincss loi His dcvoiccs." Tlis is coiioboiaicd by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol
Simad-llagavaiam (11.1+.13):
alincanasya daniasya
saniasya sama-cciasal
maya saniusia-manasal
saival sullamaya disal
"Ioi a pcison wlo is icnounccd, scll-coniiollcd, pcacclul, cqual io all, and wlo
linds lis lappincss in Mc, cvciy placc in ilis woild is lull ol joy."
Tlc passagc paiyul lamaya may also bc inicipicicd io mcan "Tiying io plcasc
ilc lusband docs noi plcasc lim. Only wlcn ilc wilc iiics io plcasc ilc
Paiamaima docs ilc lusband bccomc plcascd." Tlis inicipiciaiion is coiioboiaicd
by ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Simad-llagavaiam (10.23.27):
piana-buddli-manal-svaima-
daiapaiya-dlanadayal
yai-sampailai piiya asams
iaial lo 'nyal paial piiyal
"Oui lilc, piopciiy, lomc, wilc, clildicn, lousc, couniiy, sociciy, and all
paiaplcinalia wlicl aic vciy dcai io us aic cxpansions ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. Wlo is moic dcai io us ilan ilc Supicmc Pcison'"
In ilis inicipiciaiion ilc woid lama mcans "lappincss" and ilc daiivc casc is
uscd in ilc samc scnsc as ilc picvious inicipiciaiion. Tlis inicipiciaiion mcans
ilai by ilc will ol ilc Paiamaima, by ilc ncaincss ol ilc Paiamaima, oi by ilc
ioucl ol ilc Paiamaima, cvcn wlai is oidinaiily unplcasani bccomcs blisslul.
Tlcicloic wlcn ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad says aima va aic diasiavyal (Tlc
Scll slould bc sccn), ilc woid aima mcans ilc dcai Loid Haii. Ii is noi possiblc io
inicipici ilc woid aima lcic io mcan ilc jva bccausc lcic ilc piimaiy mcaning ol
aima is ilc supicmcly powcilul Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. To inicipici aima in any
oilci way would coniiadici ilc way ilc woid lad bccn uscd in ilc picvious
passagc (valya-blcda). Wc do noi scc low ii is possiblc io inicipici aima in a way
dillcicni liom ilc way ii was clcaily uscd in ilc immcdiaicly picvious passagc. In
ilis way ilc woid aima in aima va aic diasiavyal musi bc ilc Paiamaima. In boil
passagcs (aimanas iu lamaya and aima va aic diasiavyal) ilc woid aima cannoi
mcan ilc jva, loi in ilcsc conicxis ilc woid aima can only iclci io lialman.
Alilougl Audulomi is a niiguna-aimavad (impcisonalisi) as will bc cxplaincd
laici on in ilc woids (Vcdania-suiia +.+.6) ciii ian-maiicna iad-aimalaivad iiy
audulomil (Wlcn lc is libciaicd ilc jva cnicis ilc Supicmc Iniclligcncc, loi ilc
jva is aciually iniclligcncc only. Tlis ilc ilc opinion ol Audulomi.), siill
Audulomi mainiains ilai in oidci io dispcl ignoiancc and icvcal ilc iiuc naiuic ol
ilc scll Loid Haii slould bc woislipcd, as will bc cxplaincd in ilc lollowing
woids (Vcdania-suiia 3.+.+5): aiivijyam iiy audulomis iasmai li paiiliyaic (Jusi
as a Vcdic piicsi is puiclascd io pciloim a yajna, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is puiclascd by His dcvoiccs' lovc). In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai puic
dcvoiion io Loid Haii lullills all dcsiics.
Oui opponcni may say: So bc ii. Howcvci, in ilc samc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (2.+.12) wc lind ilc lollowing woids:
sa yaila saindlava-llilya udalc piapiam udalam cvanulyaic na
lasyodgialanayaiva syad yaio yaias iv adia lavanam cvaivam va. aic idam malad
bluiam ananiam apaiam vijnana-glana cvaiicblyo bluicblyal samuiilaya iany
cvanuvinasyaii
"As a liiilc sali mcigcs inio waici and cannoi bc again cxiiacicd liom ii,
alilougl ilc waici iiscll bccomcs saliy, so docs ilis gicai bcing, limiilcss, cndlcss,
and lull ol lnowlcdgc, iisc liom ilcsc clcmcnis and ilcn vanisl inio ilcm."
How do you icconcilc ilis siaicmcni wiil youi inicipiciaiion ol ilc woid aima
in ilis Upanisad' Clcaily ilis passagc iclcis io ilc jva dcsciibcd in ilc Kapila-
ianiia bccausc ilai is ilc appiopiiaic inicipiciaiion.
To answci ilis doubi lc says:
Sufra 22
avasiliici iii lasaliisnal
avasiliici -bccausc ol icsidcncc; iii -ilus; lasaliisnal-Kasaliisna.
Tlis passagc iclcis io Paiamaima, loi Paiamaima icsidcs wiilin ilc jva. Tlis is
ilc opinion ol Kasaliisna.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis siaicmcni ilc woid avasiliicl (icsiding) wlicl iclcis io ilc Paiamaima,
ilc Gicai lcing wlo is dillcicni liom ilc jva, and wlo is dcsciibcd as vijnana-
glana (lull ol lnowlcdgc), icaclcs ilai ilc Paiamaima is dillcicni liom ilc jva
and icsidcs wiilin lim. Kasaliisna considcis ilai bccausc ilc Paiamaima and ilc
jva aic dillcicni ilc woids malad-bluiam (Gicai bcing), ananiam (limiilcss) and
vijnana-glana cannoi iclci io ilc jva. A summaiy ol ilc passagc liom lilad-
aianyala Upanisad undci discussion lollows.
Ycnalam namiial syam lim alam icna luiyam
"Tcll mc wlai I musi do io bccomc licc ol dcail)."
lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.5.+)
Aslcd ilis qucsiion aboui ilc mcans io aiiain libciaiion, ilc sagc answcicd:
aima va aic diasiavyal sioiavyo maniavyo nididlyasiiavyo maiiicyy aimano va aic
daisancna siavancna maiya vijnancna idam saivam vidiiam
"Tlc Scll slould bc sccn, lcaid, woislipcd, and always mcdiiaicd on. O
Maiiicy, by sccing, lcaiing, woisliping, and undcisianding ilc Scll, cvciyiling
bccomcs lnown."
In ilis way lc cxplains ilai ilc woislip ol Paiamaima is ilc way io aiiain
libciaiion.
Tlcn lc says:
sa yaila dundublci lanyamanasya balyan clabdan claliuyad gialanaya
dundublcs iu gialancna dundubly-aglaiasya va sabdo gilial
"As ilc sounds ol a dium wlcn bcaicn cannoi bc scizcd cxicinally, alilougl
wlcn ilc dium oi ilc playci ol ilc dium aic scizcd ilcn ilc sounds aic also
scizcd). Tlus, in a vciy gcncial way lc cxplains ilc piopci mcilod ol woisliping
ilc Paiamaima: scnsc-coniiol.
Hc coniinucs in ilc lollowing woids:
sa yailaidliaidlo 'gnci ablyaliiasya piilag dluma viniscaianiy cvam va aic
'sya malaio bluiasya nisvasiiam ciad yad ig vcdo yajui vcdal sama-vcdo
'ilaivangiiasa iiilasal puianam vidya upanisadal slolal suiiany anuvyallyanani
vyallyanansiam luiam asiiam payiiam ayam ca lolal paias ca lolal saivani ca
bluiany asyailaiiani saivani nisvasiiani. sa yaila saivasam apam samudia
clayanam cvam saivcsam spaisanam ivacailayanam cvam saivcsam iasanam
jilvailayanam cvam saivcsam gandlanam nasilailayanam cvam saivcsam
iupanam cal.sui clayanam cvam saivcsam sabdanam sioiiam clayanam cvam
saivcsam sanlalpanam mana clayanam cvam saivasam vidyanam lidayam
clayanam cvam saivcsam laimanam lasiav clayanam cvam saivcsam anandanam
upasila clayanam cvam saivcsam visaiganam payui clayanam cvam saivcsam
adlvanam padav clayanam cvam saivcsam vcdanam vag clayanam
"As smolc comcs liom a liic madc wiil wci lucl, ilc Rg Vcda, Sama Vcda,
Yajui Vcda, Ailaiva Vcda, Puianas, Iiilasas, Vidyas, Upanisads, slolas, suiias,
vyallyas, and anuvyallyas, comc liom ilc bicail ol ilc Supicmc Pcison. As ilc
occan is ilc solc icsiing placc ol all waicis, so ilc slin is ilc solc icsiing-placc ol
all iaciilc scnsaiions, ilc nosc is ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all liagianccs, ilc ionguc
is ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all iasics, ilc cycs aic ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all loims,
ilc cais aic ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all sounds, ilc mind is ilc solc icsiing-placc
ol all ilouglis and dcsiics, ilc lcaii is ilc solc icsiing placc ol all lnowlcdgc, ilc
lands aic ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all woil, ilc gcniials aic ilc solc icsiing-placc
ol all maiciial bliss, ilc anus is ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all cxpulsions, ilc lcci aic
ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all pailways, and woids aic ilc solc icsiing-placc ol all
ilc Vcdas)."
To cncouiagc ilc dcsiic loi libciaiion lc says:
sa yaila saindlava-llilya udalc piapiam udalam cvanulyaic na
lasyodgialanayaiva syad yaio yaias iv adia lavanam cvaivam va. aic idam malad
bluiam ananiam apaiam vijnana-glana cvaiicblyo bluicblyal samuiilaya iany
cvanuvinasyaii
"As a liiilc sali mcigcs inio waici and cannoi bc again cxiiacicd liom ii,
alilougl ilc waici iiscll bccomcs saliy, so docs ilis gicai bcing, limiilcss, cndlcss,
and lull ol lnowlcdgc, iisc liom ilcsc clcmcnis and ilcn vanisl inio ilcm."
In ilis way lc cxplains ilai ilc supicmc objcci ol woislip is immancni:
always ncai io ilc jva.
In ilc woids cicblyo bluicblyal samuiilaya iany cvanuvinasyaii (So docs ilis
gicai bcing, limiilcss, cndlcss, and lull ol lnowlcdgc, iisc liom ilcsc clcmcnis and
ilcn vanisl inio ilcm) lc dcsciibcs ilc non-dcvoiccs wlo do noi woislip ilc
Loid, wlo misialc ilc cxicinal maiciial body loi ilc scll, wlo ai ilc iimc ol dcail
icmain in ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail, and loi wlom ilc Supicmc Loid
icmains invisiblc, liddcn wiilin ilc maiciial clcmcnis.
Tlc woids na piciya samjnasii (Alici dcail lc bccomcs licc ol ilc woild ol
namcs) dcsciibc ilc dcvoicc wlcn lc lcavcs ilc maiciial body and aiiains
libciaiion. Ai ilai iimc ilc libciaicd dcvoicc bccomcs awaic ol lis ical spiiiiual
idcniiiy. Hc ilcn considcis all maiciial dcsignaiions io bc ilc samc and lc no
longci ilinls ol limscll as a luman bcing, dcmigod, oi any oilci lind ol maiciial
bcing.
Tlc woids yaiia li dvaiiam iva blavaii iad iiaia iiaiam pasyaii iad iiaia iiaiam
jigliaii iad iiaia iiaiam iasayaic iad iiaia iiaiam ablivadaii iad iiaia iiaiam sinoii
iad iiaia iiaiam manuic iad iiaia iiaiam spisaii iad iiaia iiaiam vijanaii yaiia iv
asya saivam aimaivablui iai icna lam pasyci iai icna lam jiglici iai lcna lam
iasayci iai lcna lam ablivadci iai lcna lam sinuyai iai lcna lam manvia iaia
icna lam spisci iai icna lam vijanyai (Wlcic ilcic is dualiiy onc sccs anoilci,
smclls anoilci, iasics anoilci, ollcis icspcci io anoilci, lcais anoilci, ilinls ol
anoilci, iouclcs anoilci, and is awaic ol anoilci. lui loi onc loi wlom ilc
Supicmc Scll is cvciyiling low can lc scc anoilci' How can lc smcll anoilci'
Hopw can lc iasic anoilci' How can lc ollci icspcci io anoilci' How can lc lcai
anoilci' How can lc ilinl ol anoilci' How can lc ioucl anoilci' How can lc bc
awaic ol anoilci') cxplain low ilc libciaicd jva ialcs slclici ol ilc ilc
Paiamaima.
Tlc woids ycncdam saivam vijanaii iam lcna vijanyai (How can a pcison,
cvcn il lc undcisiands ilc cniiic woild, undcisiand Him') icacl ilai ii is vciy
dilliculi io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Loid.
Tlc woids vijniaiam aic lcna vijanyai (How can onc undcisiand ilc Supicmc
Knowci') mcan "How can onc undcisiand ilc all-lnowing Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad wiiloui liisi woisliping Him and aiiaining His mcicy' Tlcic is no oilci
way ilan ilis." In ilis way ilc woislip ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
dcsciibcd as ilc aciual mcans ol libciaiion. Tlc spcalci ol ilc Upanisad concludcs
by dcclaiing ilai aciual libciaiion is ilc samc as aiiaining ilc Paiamaima.
Iiom all ilis ii may bc undcisiood ilai ilis passagc ol ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad dcsciibcs ilc Paiamaima and noi ilc puiusa as dcsciibcd in ilc Kapila-
ianiia, oi ilc maiciial naiuic coniiollcd by ilc puiusa.
Adhikarana 7
Brahman is Bofh Primary and Secondary Cause
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya: Now ilai lc las icluicd ilc ailcisiic piadlana ilcoiy, lc will icluic
somc ilcisiic ilcoiics and piovc ilai all sciipiuial dcsciipiions ol ilc causc ol ilc
univcisc iclci io ilc Supicmc lialman.
Lci us considci ilc lollowing sciipiuial passagcs.
iasmad va ciasmad aimana alasal sambluial
"Iiom aima ilc sly was manilcsicd."
Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.1.1
yaio va imani bluiani jayanic
"Iiom ilc Supicmc ilcsc cicaiuics wcic boin."
Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.1.1
sad cva saumycdam agia asd clam cvadviiyam iad ailsaia balu syam piajaycya
"O gcnilc onc, in ilc bcginning was ilc Supicmc, wlo was onc wiiloui a
sccond. Hc ilougli: Lci mc bccomc many. Lci mc bccomc ilc lailci ol many."
Clandogya Upanisad 6.2.1
sa ailsaia lolan nu sija
"Hc ilougli: Now I slall cicaic ilc woilds."
Aiiaicya Upanisad 1.1.2
Samsaya: Slould lialman bc considciing ilc Piimaiy Causc oi ilc ingicdicni
ol ilc cicaiion' lccausc ilc Upasnisads say sa ailsaia (Hc ilougli: "Now I slall
cicaic ilc woilds") ilc liisi pioposal, ilai lialman is ilc Piimaiy causc and noi
ilc ingicdicni ol cicaiion, slould bc considcicd iiuc. Alilougl ilc Upanisad says
iasmad va ciasmad aimana alasal sambluial (Iiom aima ilc sly was manilcsicd)
siill ilis slould bc inicipicicd io mcan only ilai ilc Supicmc is ilc Piimaiy
Cicaioi (and noi ilc ingicdicni ol cicaiion) ol ilc woilds. Tlc quoics iad ailsaia
balu syam piajaycya (Hc ilougli: "Lci mc bccomc many. Lci mc bccomc ilc
lailci ol many.") and sa ailsaia lolan nu sija
(Hc ilougli: "Now I slall cicaic ilc woilds."), bccausc ol ilcii clcai cxplanaiion
ilai ilc Loid's ilinling picccdcs ilc cicaiion, slow ilai ilc Loid is ilc Piimaiy
Cicaioi in ilc samc way a poiici is ilc cicaioi ol pois. lccausc ilc cicaiion iiscll
and ilc ingicdicnis ol wlicl ii is madc musi lavc ilc samc naiuic, ilc ingicdicni
ol ilc maiciial cicaiion musi bc ilc maiciial cncigy (pialiii). Ii is noi possiblc io
say ilai ilc Piimaiy Causc ol cicaiion is idcniical wiil ilc ingicdicnis ol ilc
cicaiion. In ilc maiciial woild madc ol dull maiici ilc ingicdicnis aic caiil and
ilc oilci clcmcnis and ilc cicaioi is consciousncss, jusi as pois aic madc ol ilc
clcmcnis and ilc cicaioi ol ilc pois is ilc conscious poiici. Hcic ilc pois and ilc
poiici aic clcaily dillcicni. Iuiilcimoic many divcisc causcs may cicaic a singlc
cllcci. Tlcicloic ii cannoi bc said ilai a singlc iling is boil ilc piimaiy causc and
ilc ingicdicni ol cicaiion. Tlc clanging maiciial cncigy (pialiii), wlicl is
coniiollcd by ilc unclanging lialman is ilc ingicdicni ol ilc clanging maiciial
univcisc and lialman is only iis Piimaiy Causc. Tlis siaicmcni is noi bascd only
on logic, loi ii is also suppoiicd by ilc lollowing passagc ol ilc Culila Upanisad:
vilaia-jananm ajnam
asia-iupam ajam dliuvam
dlyayaic 'dlyasiia icna
ianyaic piciiia punal
suyaic puiusaiilam ca
icnaivadlisiliia jagai
gaui anady-aniavai sa
janiii bluia-blavin
siiasiia ca ialia ca
saivalam adluna viblol
pibaniy cnam avisamam
avijnaial lumaialal
clas iu pibaic dcval
svacclando 'iia vasanugam
dlyana-liiyablyam blagavan
blunlic 'sau piasablam viblul
saiva-sadlaianm dogdlim
pyamanam iu yajvablil
caiui-vimsaii-sanllyalam
avyaliam vyaliam ucyaic
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad mcdiiaics on ilc unboin, cicinal,
uniniclligcni maiciial naiuic (pialiii), wlo las cigli loims, and by His oidci ilc
maiciial naiuic cicaics ilc maiciial woilds and ilc vaiious goals ol lilc adopicd by
ilc living cniiiics. Maiciial naiuic is a bcginninglcss, cndlcss cow, ilc moilci ol
ilc woilds. Wiiloui lnowing, lci clildicn, ilc cicaiuics in goodncss, passion,
and ignoiancc all diinl lci nouiisling mill. Tlc onc indcpcndcni, all-powcilul
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad siiongly cnjoys lci wiil ilougli and dccd, slc
wlo is ilc mill-giving moilci ol all, wlo is diunl by ilc pciloimcis ol saciilicc,
and wlo is said io bc boil ilc unmanilcsicd and ilc manilcsicd dividcd inio 2+
clcmcnis."
Iuiilcimoic, ilc Visnu Puiana says:
yaila sannidli-maiicna
gandlal lsoblaya jayaic
manaso nopalaiiiivai
iailasau paiamcsvaial
sannidlanad yailalasa-
laladyal laianam iaiol
iailaivapaiigamcna
visvasya blagavan laiil
nimiiia-maiiam cvasau
sisianam saiga-laimani
piadlana-laiin bluia
yaio vai sijya-saliayal
"Wlcn ilcic is a liagiani llowci bcloic somconc, ilc liagiancc is iouclcd by
ilc smclling powci ol ilc pcison, yci ilc smclling and ilc llowci aic dciaclcd
liom onc anoilci. Tlcic is a similai conncciion bciwccn ilc maiciial woild and
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad: aciually Hc las noiling io do wiil ilis
maiciial woild, bui Hc cicaics by His glancc and oidains. In summaiy, maiciial
naiuic, wiiloui ilc supciinicndcncc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
cannoi do anyiling. Yci ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy is dciaclcd liom all maiciial
aciiviiics."
Ioi ilcsc icasons wlaicvci sciipiuial passagcs siaic ilai lialman is ilc
ingicdicni ol ilc cicaiion slould bc inicipicicd io lavc a dillcicni mcaning.
SiddlaniaTo ilis aigumcni:
Sufra 23
pialiiis ca piaiijna disianianupaiodlai
pialiiil -maiciial naiuic; ca -and; piaiijna -ilc pioposiiion io bc piovcd;
disiania-cxamplc; anupaiodlai-bccausc ol noi coniiadiciing.

lialman is also ilc maiciial naiuic (pialiii) bccausc ilis vicw is noi
coniiadicicd by ilc siaicmcnis and cxamplcs (givcn in ilc sciipiuics).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lialman is ilc maiciial naiuic (pialiii), ilc ingicdicni ol ilc woild. How is
ilai' Ii is so bccausc piaiijna-disianianupaiodlai, wlicl mcans lccausc ilis vicw
is noi coniiadicicd by ilc siaicmcnis and cxamplcs ol ilc sciipiuics." An cxamplc
may bc givcn liom ilc Clandogya Upanisad 6.1.3:
svcialcio yan nu saumycdam mala-mana anucana-man siabdlo 'sy uia iam
adcsam apialsi ycnasiuiam siuiam blavaiy amaiam maiam avijnaiam vijnaiam
iiy cla-vijnancna saiva-vijnana-visaya piaiijna
"Gcnilc Svcialciu, you aic now vciy pioud and aiiogani, ilinling youiscll a
gicai Vcdic sclolai. Did you asl loi ilc icacling ilai malcs ilc unlcaid lcaid,
ilc unilinlablc ilinlablc, and ilc unlnown lnown'"
Hcic ilc siaicmcni is ilc cxisicncc ol a singlc icacling, ilc lnowlcdgc ol wlicl
malcs cvciyiling lnown. Tlis icacling musi bc aboui ilc ingicdicni ol ilc woild
loi only ilai lnowlcdgc would noi coniiadici ilc dcsciipiion in ilis passagc. Tlai
ingicdicni ol ilc woild is noi dillcicni liom ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol ilc woild. Tlcy
aic onc, unlilc ilc poi and ilc poiici, wlicl aic dillcicni liom cacl oilci.
Tlc lollowing cxamplc is givcn (Clandogya Upanisad 6.1.10):
yaila saumyailcna mii-pindcna saivam min-mayam vijnaiam syai
"O gcnilc onc, as by lnowing ilc naiuic ol clay, cvciyiling madc ol clay
bccomcs lnown, in ilc samc way by undcisianding ilis onc icacling cvciyiling
bccomcs lnown."
Tlcsc woids ol ilc siuii musi iclci io ilc ingicdicni ol ilc woild. ilcy cannoi
iclci io only ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol ilc woild, loi by undcisianding only ilc poiici
onc docs noi undcisiand ilc poi. Tlcicloic, io avoid coniiadiciing ilcsc woids ol
ilc sciipiuic, ii musi bc concludcd ilai lialman is noi only ilc oiiginal cicaioi ol
ilc woild, bui ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc woild is madc as wcll.
Sufra 2+
ablidlyopadcsac ca
ablidlya-will; upadcsac -bccausc ol ilc icacling; ca-and.

lccausc (ilc sciipiuics) icacl (ilai in ilis agc ilc woild was cicaicd by His)
will and (in picvious cicaiions ilc woild was also cicaicd by His will, ii musi bc
concludcd ilai lialman is boil ilc oiiginal causc ol cicaiion and ilc ingicdicni
ol ilc cicaiion as wcll).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis suiia ilc woid ca (and) mcans "and many oilci ilings ilai aic noi
cxpliciily mcniioncd lcic."
Tlc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.6.1) cxplains:
so 'lamayaia balu syam piajaycya sa iapo 'iapyaia iapas iapiva idam saivam asijai.
yad idam lincana iai sisiva iad cvanupiavisai. iad anupiavisya sac ca iyac
cablavai.
"Hc dcsiicd: I will bccomc many. I will lailci many clildicn. Hc pciloimcd
ausiciiiics and cicaicd cvciyiling. Tlcn Hc cnicicd wiilin ilc woild Hc lad
cicaicd. Alici Hc cnicicd Hc bccamc all ilai is manilcsi and all ilai is unmanilcsi."
lccausc ii is lcic iaugli ilai by His own dcsiic Hc icsidcs as Paiamaima wiilin
all conscious living cniiiics and unconscious maiici, and bccausc ii is also iaugli
lcic ilai lc is ilc cicaioi ol cvciyiling, ii musi bc concludcd ilai Hc is boil ilc
ingicdicni ol ilc wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc and ilc oiiginal cicaioi and as wcll.
Sufra 25
salsac coblayamnanai
salsai -diiccily; ca-cciiainly; ublaya-boil; amnanai-bccausc ol diicci
siaicmcni.

(lialman is boil cicaioi and ilc ingicdicni ol cicaiion) bccausc boil (iiuils)
aic diiccily siaicd (in ilc sciipiuics).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid ca lcic mcans "cciiainly." Tlc Taiiiiiya lialmana (2.S.9.6)
cxplains:
limsvid vanam la u sa vilsa asi
yaio dyava-piiliv nisiaialsul
mansino manasa picclaiaiiai
yad adlyaiisilad bluvanani dlaiayan
bialma vanam bialma sa vilsa asi
yaio dyava-piiliv nisiaialsul
mansino manasa piabiavmi
vo bialmadlyaiisilad buvanani dlaiayan
"Wlai was ilc loicsi' Wlai was ilc iicc' Iiom wlai iicc in wlai loicsi did Hc
laslion lcavcn and caiil' Asl ilcsc qucsiions, O wisc oncs. Wlcic did Hc siand
wlcn Hc cicaicd ilc woilds' lialman was ilc loicsi. lialman was ilc iicc. Iiom
lialman Hc cicaicd lcavcn and caiil. O wisc oncs, I icll you, Hc siood on
lialman wlcn Hc cicaicd ilc woilds."
Tlcsc qucsiions and answcis clcaily slow ilai lialman is boil ilc cicaioi and
ilc ingicdicni liom wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc. Iiom ilc iicc-ingicdicni ilc
cicaiion, dcsignaicd by ilc woid "lcavcn and caiil" comcs. Tlc woid nisiaialsul
mcans "ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd." Alilougl nisiaialsul is
pluial, ilc opposiic, ilc singulai, is inicndcd lcic. Tlis is a usc ol Vcdic pociic
liccnsc. Tlc qucsiions "Wlai is ilc iicc' Wlai is ilc loicsi wlcic ilc iicc icsis'
Wlcic docs Hc siand wlcn Hc cicaicd ilc woilds'" aic aslcd in icims ol ilc
ilings ol ilis woild and ilc answcis dcsciibc somciling bcyond ilis woild. In ilis
way ii may bc undcisiood ilai lialman is boil ilc cicaioi and ilc ingicdicni ol
wlicl ilc woild is madc.
Sufra 26
aima-liicl paiinamai
aima-scll; liicl -bccausc ol maling; paiinamai-bccausc ol iiansloimaiion.
(lialman is boil ilc cicaioi and ilc ingicdicni ol ilc cicaiion) bccausc Hc
iiansloimcd Himscll (inio ilc woild).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.6.2) says:
so 'lamayaia
"Hc dcsiicd: I slall bccomc many."
Ii also says (2.7.1):
iad aimanam svayam aluiuia
"Hc cicaicd ilc woild liom His own Scll."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai lialman is boil ilc cicaioi and ilc
ingicdicni liom wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc.
Somconc may objcci: How can ilc cicinally-pcilcci cicaioi bc also ilc
cicaiion'
To answci ilis objcciion lc says paiinmai (bccausc Hc las iiansloimcd
Himscll). Tlis docs noi coniiadici ilc clangclcssncss ol lialman loi a cciiain
lind ol iiansloimaiion is noi incompaiiblc wiil clangclcssncss. Hcic is ilc iiuil
ol ilis. In ilc lollowing passagcs ilc siuii cxplains ilai lialman las ilicc
poicncics:
paiasya saliii vividlaiva siuyaic
"Tlc Supicmc las many poicncics."
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 6.S
piadlana-lsciiajna-paiii guncsal

"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc masici ol piadlana (maiciial
naiuic), lsciiajna (ilc individual spiiii souls), and guna (ilc ilicc maiciial
modcs)."
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 6.16
Tlc smiii (Visnu Puiana) also cxplains:
visnu-saliil paia piolia
lsciiajnallya iaila paia
avidya-laima-samjnanya
iiiya saliii ucyaic
"Tlc poicncy ol Loid Visnu is summaiizcd in ilicc caicgoiics: namcly ilc
spiiiiual poicncy, ilc living cniiiics, and ignoiancc. Tlc spiiiiual poicncy is lull ol
lnowlcdgc; ilc living cniiilcs, alilougl bclonging io ilc spiiiiual poicncy, aic
subjcci io bcwildcimcni; and ilc iliid cncigy, wlicl is lull ol ignoiancc, is always
visiblc in liuiiivc aciiviiics."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai lialman is boil ilc cicaioi and ilc
ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc. Hc is ilc liisi (ilc cicaioi) by ilc agcncy
ol His spiiiiual poicncy and Hc is ilc sccond (ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc cicaiion
is madc) by ilc agcncy ol ilc oilci iwo poicncics. Tlis inicipiciaiion is conliimcd
by ilc aploiism sa-viscscna vidli-niscdlau viscsanam upasanliamaic (an
adjcciivc dcsciibcs boil wlai a noun is and wlai ii is noi).
Tlc sciipiuics also cxplain (Svciasvaiaia Upanisad +.1):
ya clo 'vaino baludla salii-yogad
vainan anclan niliiaiilo dadlaii
vi caiii canic visvam adau sa dcval
sa no buddlya sublaya samyunaliau
"May ilc onc, uniivallcd Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo loi His own
puiposc cicaicd ilc many vaiiciics ol living cniiiics by ilc agcncy ol His poicncics,
wlo cicaicd cvciyiling in ilc bcginning and inio wlom cvciyiling cnicis ai ilc
cnd, giani puic iniclligcncc io us."
As ilc supicmc unclangcablc ilc Supicmc lialman is ilc oiiginal causc ol
cicaiion, and as ilc paiinami (ilc iiansloimablc) lialman is also ilc ingicdicni ol
wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc. In His subilc naiuic lialman is ilc cicaioi and in His
naiuic as gioss maiici Hc is ilc cicaiion iiscll. In ilis way ii is csiablislcd ilai ilc
Supicmc lialman is boil cicaioi and cicaiion. Tlc cicaiion is ilus lilc a lump ol
clay ilai may bc slapcd in dillcicni ways. Tlc woid paiinamai (bccausc ol
iiansloimaiion) in ilis suiia clcaily icluics ilc ilcoiy ilai dcclaics ilc maiciial
woild a vivaiia (illusion) ilai las no icaliiy. Tlc siaicmcni ilai ilc maiciial woild
is an illusion supciimposcd on lialman jusi as ilc cxisicncc ol silvci is an illusion
supciimposcd on an oysici slcll wiil a silvciy slccn cannoi bc acccpicd bccausc
ilc oysici slcll is an objcci ilai can bc placcd bcloic ilc vicwci, bui lialman,
bccausc ii is all-pcivading cannoi bc placcd bcloic ilc vicwci and ilcicloic an
illusion cannoi bc supciimposcd on ii. Onc may objcci ilai alilougl ilc sly is all-
pcivading illusions may bc supciimposcd on ii. Howcvci, lialman is noi lilc ilc
sly in ilc scnsc ilai ilc sly may bc appioaclcd by ilc maiciial obscivci bui
lialman icmains bcyond ilc icacl ol ilc maiciial scnscs and ilcicloic an illusion
cannoi bc supciimposcd on ii. Iuiilcimoic, ilc cxisicncc ol an illusion implics
ilc cxisicncc ol somciling dillcicni liom ilc iling on wlicl ilc illusion is
supciimposcd. Wiiloui ilc cxisicncc ol somciling scpaiaic ilcic is no possibiliiy
ol an illusion. In ilc cnd, ilcicloic, ilc vivaiia ilcoiy posiulaics ilc cxisicncc ol
somciling dillcicni liom lialman. Tlis is ilc lauli in ilcii ilcoiy. Wlcn ilc
sciipiuics siaic ilai ilc maiciial woild is an illusion ii slould bc undcisiood ilcsc
woids aic aic a dcvicc inicndcd io cicaic icnunciaiion. Tlis is ilc opinion ol ilcy
wlo lnow ilc iiuil. Tlc maiciial woild, lowcvci, displays a complicaicd
siiuciuic ol dillcicni clcmcnis gioupcd in caicgoiics ol liglci and lowci, and in
ilis way ii is vciy mucl unlilc an illusion, wlcic noiling is vciy siablc and onc
ilings is coniinually clanging inio anoilci. In ilis way ii may bc undcisiood ilai
ilc vivaiia ilcoiy (ilai ilc maiciial woild isd an illusion) is uniiuc and ilc
paiinama ilcoiy (ilai ilc maiciial woild is a iiansloimaiion ol lialman) is ilc
iiuil iaugli in ilc Vcdic sciipiuics.
Sufra 27
yonis ca li gyaic
yonil-ilc placc ol biiil; ca -also; li -indccd; gyaic-is dcclaicd.

(Tlc sciipiuics) dcclaic ilai (lialman is ilc) womb (liom wlicl ilc maiciial
woild was boin).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc siuii-sasiia cxplains:
yad bluia-yonim paiipasyanii dlial
"Tlc wisc scc ilai lialman is ilc womb liom wlicl cvciyiling was boin."
Mundala Upanisad 1.1.6
laiiaiam sam puiusam bialma-yonim
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc oiiginal cicaioi, ilc womb liom
wlicl cvciyiling was boin."
Mundala Upanisad 3.1.6
In ilcsc vciscs ilc woid yonim (womb) dcsciibcs lialman as ilc ingicdicni ol
cicaiion and ilc woids laiiaiam puiusam (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
ilc oiiginal cicaioi) dcsciibc lialman as ilc cicaioi. In ilis way lialman is
dcsciibcd as boil ilc cicaioi and ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc. Tlc
woid yoni (womb) mcans "ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc." Tlis is
conliimcd in ilc woids:
piiliv yonii osadli-vanaspainam
"Tlc caiil is ilc womb liom wlicl ilc iiccs and planis aic boin."
In boil common scnsc and Vcdic icvclaiion ilc cicaioi and ilc ingicdicnis
liom wlicl ilc cicaiion is madc aic considcicd aic always considcicd dillcicni
and ii is noi possiblc io say ilai ilc cicaioi and ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl lis
cicaiion is madc aic idcniical. Howcvci, ilc picviously quoicd passagcs liom ilc
siuii clcaily cxplain ilai in ilis casc lialman is boil ilc cicaioi and ilc
ingicdicni ol wlicl His cicaiion is madc.
Adhikarana 8
AII Names Are Names of Lord Visnu
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Somconc may objcci: Many passagcs in ilc sciipiuics do noi suppoii youi
conclusion ai all.
Tlis adlilaiana is wiiiicn io dispcl ilis doubi. Tlc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad
cxplains:
lsaiam piadlanam amiialsaial laial
"Maiciial naiuic is in consiani llux and ilc Supicmc, Loid Haia is cicinal and
unclanging." (1.10)
clo iudio na dviiyaya iasilul
"Loid Rudia is ilc Supicmc. Hc las no iival." (3.2)
yo dcvanam piablavas codblavas ca
visvadlilo iudial sivo malaisil
"Loid Siva, wlo is lnown as Rudia, is ilc omniscicni iulci ol ilc univcisc. Hc
is ilc lailci ol all ilc dcmigods. Hc givcs ilc dcmigods all ilcii powcis and
opulcnccs." (3.+)
yada iamas ian na diva na iaiiii
na san na casac cliva cva lcvalal
"Wlcn ilc linal dailncss comcs and ilcic is no longci day oi nigli, wlcn
ilcic is no longci bcing and non-bcing, ilcn only Loid Siva cxisis." (+.1S)
Tlc sciipiuics also cxplain:
piadlanad idam uipannam
piadlanam adligacclaii
piadlanc layam ablycii
na ly anyai laianam maiam
"Iiom piadlana ilis maiciial woild was boin. Tlis woild lnows only
piadlana. Tlis woild mcigcs inio piadlana ai ilc iimc ol annililaiion. Noiling
clsc is ilc causc ol ilis woild."
jvad blavanii bluiani
jvc iisilaniy acancalal
jvc ca layam icclanii
na jvai laianam paiam
"Iiom ilc jva all ilc clcmcnis ol ilis woild lavc comc. In ilc jva ilcy icsi
wiiloui moving, and ilcy linally mcigc inio ilc jva. Noiling clsc is ilc causc ol
ilis woild."
Samsaya: Slould Haia and ilc oilci namcs givcn in ilcsc quoics bc
undcisiood in ilcii oidinaiy scnscs, as namcs ol Loid Siva, piadlana, and jva, oi
slould ilcy all bc undcisiood io bc namcs ol ilc Supicmc lialman'
Puivapalsa: Tlc namcs slould all bc undcisiood in ilcii oidinaiy scnscs, as
namcs ol Loid Siva, piadlana, and jva.
Siddlania: Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 28
cicna saivc vyallyaia vyallyaial
cicna -in ilis way; saivc -all; vyallyaial -cxplaincd; vyallyaial-cxplaincd.
All (woids in ilc sciipiuics) slould bc inicipicicd io agicc wiil ilc
cxplanaiion (ilai ilc Supicmc lialman is ilc oiiginal causc).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis suiia ilc woid cicna mcans "accoiding io ilc cxplanaiions alicady
givcn," saivc mcans "Haia and ilc oilci namcs," and vyallyaial mcans "slould
bc undcisiood io bc namcs ol ilc Supicmc lialman bccausc all namcs aic
oiiginally namcs ol ilc Supicmc lialman."
Tlc llalvavcya-siuii cxplains:
namani visvani na sanii lolc
yad aviiasi puiusasya saivam
namani saivani yam avisanii
iam vai visnum paiamam udalaianii
"Tlc namcs ol ilis woild aic noi dillcicni liom Him. All namcs in ilis woild
aic namcs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. All namcs iclci io Him, Loid
Visnu, wlom ilc wisc dcclaic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Vaisampayana Muni cxplains ilai all ilcsc namcs aic namcs ol Loid Kisna. Tlc
Slanda Puiana also cxplains:
si-naiayanadni namani vinanyani iudiadiblyo laiii daiiavan
"Lxccpi loi Naiayana and somc oilci namcs, Loid Haii gavc away His namcs io
Loid Siva and ilc oilci dcmigods."
Tlis is ilc iulc ilai slould bc lollowcd: Wlcn ilc oidinaiy scnsc ol ilcsc
namcs docs noi coniiadici ilc csscniial icacling ol ilc Vcdas, ilc oidinaiy
mcaning slould bc acccpicd. Wlcn ilc oidinaiy scnsc ol ilcsc namcs docs
coniiadici ilc icacling ol ilc Vcdas, ilcsc namcs slould bc undcisiood io bc
namcs ol Loid Visnu.
Tlc icpciiiion ol ilc lasi woid (vyalyaial) lcic indicaics ilc cnd ol ilc clapici.
saivc vcdal paiyavasyanii yasmin
saiyananiaciniya-saliau paicsc
visvoipaiii-silcma-blangadi-llc
niiyam iasmin nas iu lisnc maiii nal
On Loid Kisna, wlo is ilc linal goal iaugli by all ilc Vcdas, wlo is ilc masici
ol unlimiicd and inconcicvablc iiansccndcnial poicncics, wlo is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and wlo in His own pasiimcs cicaics, mainiains and
dcsiioys ilc maiciial univciscs, may wc always lix oui lcaiis.
Chapfer 2
Pada 1
Mangalacaiana ly Sila laladcva Vidyablusana
uryuhtha-ronaja-bana-vhsatam
parihstam yan spnutam uttarasrayam
suarsancna srut-mauIm avyatnam
vyanat sa hrsnan prabnur astu mc gatn

(Tianslaiion 1) Wiil His sudaisana-calia Loid Kisna pioiccicd (ilc gicai dcvoicc)
Pailsii, wlo wiilin Uiiaia's womb was woundcd by ilc aiiows ol ilc wiclcd son
ol Diona. Loid Kisna may lim licc liom all sullciing and cnliglicncd lim wiil
ilc cicsi jcwcl ol Vcdic lnowlcdgc. I piay ilai Loid Kisna may bccomc my slclici.

(Tianslaiion 2) Wiil ilc pcilcci logic ol His sciipiuial analysis, Kisna Dvaipayana
Vyasa
pioiccicd ilc Upanisads, wlicl coniain ilc answcis io all qucsiions, and wlicl
wcic woundcd by ilc aiiows ol ilc blacl ciows ol lalsc logicians. Loid Vyasa
madc ilc Upanisads licc liom all sullciing. I piay ilai Loid Vyasa may bccomc my
slclici.
Noic: ly caiclully using cciiain ambiguous woids Sila laladcva Visyablusana las
composcd ilis vcisc so ii las iwo disiinci mcanings.

Adhikarana 1
The Sankhya PhiIosophy Refufed
Infroducfion By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya---In ilc Iiisi Clapici was piovcd ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is laulilcss, is ilc masici ol unlimiicd inconccivablc poicncics, las
unlimiicd iiansccndcnial viiiucs, is ilc Supcisoul picscni cvciywlcic, is dillcicni
liom cvciyiling, is ilc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial woild and ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl
ilc cicaiion is madc, is ilc coniiollci and masici ol cvciyiling, is ilc objcci ol
Vcdania siudy, and is dcsciibcd by all ilc Vcdas.
In ilc Sccond Clapici ilc aigumcnis claiming ilai ilis Vcdania plilosoply is
coniiadicicd by ilc smiii- sasiia and by logic will bc icluicd, ilc sanllya ilcoiy
ilai piadlana is ilc oiiginal causc ol cicaiion will bc icluicd wiil clcai logic, and
ilc Vcdania cxplanaiion ol cicaiion will bc piovcd io bc ilc only iiuil. Tlcsc aic
ilc iopics ilai will bc dcsciibcd. In ilc bcginning ilc idca ilai ilc siuii-sasiia
coniiadicis ilc Vcdania vicw will bc icluicd.
Samsaya---Is ilc vicw ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc oiiginal
causc ol cvciyiling icluicd by ilc sanllya-smiii oi noi'
Puivapalsa---Accoiding io Vcdania plilosoply ilc sanllya-smiii is uniiuc.
Tlc sanllya smiii was wiiiicn by ilc gicai sagc Kapila as a commcniaiy io cxplain
ilc jnana-landa poiiion ol ilc Vcdas. Hc lopcd in ilis way io icacl ilc pail ol
libciaiion. Kapila liimly appiovcd ol ilc agniloiia-yajnas and oilci iiiuals
dcsciibcd in ilc laima-landa poiiion ol ilc Vcdas. Tlc svciasvaiaia Upanisad
(5.2) gloiilics lim in ilc woids isim piasuiam lapilam (ilc gicai sagc Kapila). In
lis Kapila-smiii, wlicl coniains siaicmcnis lilc aila iii-vidla-dulllaiyania-
niviiiii aiyania-puiusaiilal (ilc complcic ccssaiion ol ilc ilicclold misciics ol
ilc maiciial woild is ilc uliimaic goal ol luman lilc) and na disiaiila-siddlii
niviiici apy anuviiii-daisanai (Tlc ilicclold misciics cannoi bc complcicly
sioppcd by any mcilod sccn in ilis woild, loi wlcncvci ilcy aic sioppcd ii is sccn
ilai ilcy always iciuin) lc cxplaincd in ilc woids vimulia-molsaiilam svaiilam
va piadlanasya (ilc piadlana cicaics ilc maiciial woild ciilci io lullill ilc living
cniiiics' maiciial dcsiics oi giani ilcm libciaiion), ilc woids accianaivc 'pi
lsiiavac ccsiiiam piadlanasya (alilougl ii is lilclcss and unconscious, ilc
piadlana cicaics ilis woild jusi as mill sponiancously cicaics clccsc), and oilci
siaicmcnis ol lis wiiiings, ilc iiuil ilai inscniicni piadlana is ilc indcpcndcni
cicaioi ol ilc maiciial univciscs. Il ilc idca ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is ilc oiiginal causc ol cvciyiling is acccpicd, ilcn ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc
Kapila-smiii musi bc lcld io bc usclcss. Tlis is cspccially so bccausc ilc Kapila-
smiii is a bool ol plilosoply wiil ilc undcisianding ol ilc uliimaic iiuil as iis
solc objcciivc. Ioi ilis icason ilc Vcdania icxis musi bc inicipicicd in sucl a way
ilai ilcy do noi coniiadici ilc gicai Kapila-smiii. Tlis inicipiciaiion, cvcn il ii
coniiadicis ilc Manu-smiii and oilci smiii- sasiias would noi malc ilcsc
sciipiuics usclcss. lccausc ilcsc sciipiuics cxplain ilc laima-landa poiiion ol ilc
Vcdas, and bccausc ilcy cxplain ilc pail ol dlaima (and noi ilcoiciical
plilosoply), ilcy would noi bc madc usclcss by coniiadiciing ilcii plilosoplical
basis.
Siddlania---To ilis aigumcni lc icplics---
Sufra 1

smiiy-anavalasa-dosa-piasanga iii ccn nanya-smiiy- anavalasa-dosa-piasangai

Il somconc objccis ilai ilc Vcdania plilosoply slould noi bc acccpicd bccausc ii
coniiadicis ilc Kapila-smiii, ilcn I say: No. Tlc Kapila-smiii slould noi bc
acccpicd bccausc ii coniiadicis ilc oilci smiii-sasiias.
Purporf By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid anavalasa in ilis suiia mcans "wiiloui any piopci placc." Tlis
mcans "usclcss and iiiclcvani." ilc suiia says: Il somconc says "Wlcn inicipicicd
liicially, ilc Vcdania icxis sccm io dcnouncc ilc Sanllya-smiii as uniiuc. Tlis is
a gicai misialc. Ioi ilis icason ilc Vcdania icxis slould bc inicipicicd
mciaploiically (so noi io coniiadici ilc sanllya- smiii)," ilcn I say no. Wly'
Tlc suiia says: anya-smiiy- anavalasa-dosa-piasangai (Tlc Kapila-smiii slould
noi bc acccpicd bccausc ii coniiadicis ilc oilci smiii-sasiias). To icjcci ilc Manu-
smiii and ilc oilci smiiis ilai lollow ilc Vcdania plilosoply and dcclaic ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad io bc ilc solc oiiginal causc ol all causcs is a
gicai misialc. In ilcsc sciipiuics ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is piovcd io
bc ilc oiiginal causc ol ilc cicaiion, mainicnancc, and dcsiiuciion ol ilc maiciial
univciscs. Tlcsc sciipiuics do noi acccpi Kapila's conclusions.
In ilis qucsiion ilc Manu-smiii (1.5-9) says:

asd idam iamo-bluiam
apiajnaiam alalsanam
apiaiailyam avijncyam
piasupiam iva saivaial
"Tlc maiciial univcisc was dail, unconscious, amoiplous, inconccivablc, and
unlnowablc. Ii was as il complcicly aslccp.

iaial svayamblui blagavan
avyalio vyanjayann idam
mala-bluiadi-viiiaujal
piaduiasi iamonudal

"Tlc scll-manilcsicd Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo lad bccn
unmanilcsicd, ilcn manilcsicd wiilin ilis woild. Hc manilcsicd ilc maiciial
clcmcnis and dispcllcd ilc dailncss.

yo 'sav aindiiya-gialyal
sulsmo 'vyalial sanaianal
saiva-bluiamayo 'ciniyal
sa csa svayam udbablau

"Hc wlo is bcyond ilc icacl ol ilc maiciial scnscs, wlo is subilc, unmanilcsicd,
cicinal, inconccivablc, and wiilin wlom cvciyiling icsis, ilcn pcisonally
appcaicd i ilis woild.

so 'blidlyaya saiiai svai
sisilsui vividlal piajal
apa cva sasaijadau
iasu bjam avasijai

"Dcsiiing io cicaic ilc many living bcings liom His own body, Hc mcdiiaicd and
ilcn cicaicd ilc waicis. In ilc waicis Hc placcd a sccd.
iad andam ablavad dlaimam
salasiamsu-sama-piablam
iasmin jajnc svayam bialma
saiva-lola-piiamalal

"Tlai sccd bccamc a goldcn cgg as splcndid as ilc sun. In ilai cgg was boin ilc
dcmigod lialma, ilc giandlailci ol all living bcings."

Paiasaia Muni (Visnu Puiana 1.1.31-32) also says:

visnol salasad udbluiam
jagai iaiiaiva ca siliiam
siliii-samyama-laiiasau
jagaio 'sya jagac ca sal

"Iiom Loid Visnu ilis maiciial was manilcsicd. In Him ii icsis. Hc coniiols ii.
Tlis maiciial woild is His piopciiy, and Hc is ilis maiciial woild.

yailoinanablo lidayad
uinam saniaiya valiiaial
iaya viliiya bluyas iam
giasaiy cvam janaidanal

"As a spidci cicaics a wcb wiilin iis clcsi and ilcn manilcsis ii liom iis mouil, so
docs Loid Visnu manilcsi ilis woild and ilcn swallow ii again."

Tlc oilci smiiis also picscni ilc samc vicw. Tlcy aic noi mcicly cxplanaiions ol
laima-landa duiics. Tlcy icacl laima-landa duiics as a mcans io puiily ilc lcaii
so lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad may aiisc ilcic. In ilis way
ilcy may bc undcisiood as cxplanaiions ol ilc jnana-landa poiiion ol ilc Vcdas.
Tlis clloii io puiily ilc lcaii is sccn in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol ilc lilad-
aianyala Upanisad (1.5.+.22): iam ciam vcdanuvacancna (ly siudying ilc Vcdas
and pciloiming spiiiiual aciiviiics, ilc bialmanas undcisiand ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad). Alilougl in somc placcs ilcy giani icsulis sucl as ilc
aiiainmcni ol iain, sons, oi icsidcncc in Svaigalola, ilcsc icsulis aic inicndcd io
biing laiil in ilc woids ol ilc Vcdas. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc Kaila Upanisad
(1.3.15) in ilc woids saivc vcdal yai-padam amananii (All ilc Vcdas aspiic io
aiiain ilc lcci ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) and ilc simad-
llagavaiam (2.5.15) in ilc woids naiayana-paia vcdal (Tlc Vcdic liiciaiuics aic
madc by and aic mcani loi ilc Supicmc Loid). lccausc ii coniiadicis ilc
conclusions ol ilc Vcdas, ilc Sanllya-smiii cannoi piopcily cxplain ilc mcanings
ol ilc Vcdas. A icxi ilai agiccs wiil ilc conclusions ol ilc Vcdas may piopcily
cxplain ilc Vcdas. Tlc Sanllya-smiii docs noi cvcn agicc wiil ilc conclusion ol
ilc Vcdas. Tlc Sanllya-smiii invcnicd by Kapila coniiadicis ilc Vcdas. Ii is noi a
gcnuinc sciipiuic. lccausc ii is ilus woiillcss wc do noi lcai io icjcci ii. Lvcn il ii
was wiiiicn by a lamous auiloi, a bool ilai coniiadicis ilc Vcdas slould noi bc
acccpicd. Tlcic aic many smiiis picscniing many dillcicni plilosoplics ilai aic
all woiillcss bccausc ilcy coniiadici ilc iiuils ol ilc Vcdas. Smiii ilai
coniiadicis ilc Vcdas slould bc icjccicd, and smiii ilai lollows ilc icaclings ol
ilc Vcdas slould bc acccpicd.
Using cvidcncc liom ilc smiiis ilai suppoii ilc Vcdas, wc slall icluic ilc
smiiis ilai icjcci ilc Vcdas. In ilis way wc slall pioclaim ilosc smiiis io bc in
ciioi bccausc ilcy coniiadici ilc oilci smiiis.
Tlc quoiaiion liom svciasvaiaia Upanisad (5.2) ism piasuiam lapilam yas iam
agic jnanaii biblaiii (Tlc gicai sagc Kapila is lull ol lnowlcdgc) docs noi givc
auiloiiiy io ilc Sanllya-smiii. lccausc ilc Upanisads would noi gloiily a sagc
wlo opposcd ilc Vcdic conclusion, ilc Kapila lcic musi bc a pcison dillcicni
liom ilc auiloi ol ilc Sanllya-smiii. Tlc Taiiiiiya lialmana, lowcvci,
considcis Manu (ilc auiloi ol Manu- smiii) an cxalicd auiloiiiy in ilcsc woids:
yad vai lincana manui avadai iad blcsajam (Wlaicvci Manu las said is cciiainly
ilc cuic loi ilc ills ol ilis woild). In ilc samc way ilc smiii says ilai by ilc
mcicy ol Pulasiya Muni and Vasisila Muni, ilc sagc Paiasaia (ilc auiloi ol ilc
Visnu Puiana) aiiaincd iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Howcvci, ilc Kapila wlo wioic a bool coniiadiciing ilc Vcdas, and
wlo was boin in ilc lamily ol Agni, was an oidinaiy jva bcwildcicd by ilc
illusoiy poicncy maya. Hc was noi ilc samc Kapila wlo was boin as ilc son ol
Kaidama Muni and wlo was an incainaiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, Loid Vasudcva. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Padma Puiana says:

lapilo vasudcvallyal
sanllyam iaiivam jagada la
bialmadiblyas ca dcvcblyo
bligv-adiblyas iailaiva ca

iailaivasuiayc saivam
vcdaiilaii upabimliiam
saiva-vcda-viiuddlam ca
lapilo 'nyo jagada la
. . .sanllyam asuiayc 'nyasmai
luiaila-paiibimliiam

"Onc Kapila Muni, wlo was namcd Vasudcva, spolc io lialma and ilc oilci
dcmigods, asuii Muni, lligu Muni, and ilc oilci sagcs, a sanllya plilosoply in
pcilcci laimony wiil ilc Vcdas. Anoilci pcison, also namcd Kapila, spolc a
dillcicni sanllya plilosoply coniiadiciing ilc icaclings ol all ilc Vcdas. . .Hc
spolc lis illogical ilcoiics io a dillcicni asuii Muni."

Tlcicloic, bccausc ii coniiadicis ilc Vcdas, and bccausc iis auiloi is noi a gcnuinc
spiiiiual auiloiiiy, ilcic is no lauli in icjcciing ilc sanllya-smiii.
Sufra 2

iiaicsam canupalabdlcl

(Tlc Sanllya-smiii slould bc icjccicd also) bccausc many ol iis oilci dociiincs
aic noi sccn (in ilc Vcdas).
Purporf By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc many ol iis oilci dociiincs aic noi sccn in ilc Vcdas, ilc Sanllya-
smiii is noi an auilcniic sciipiuic. Tlus ii icaclcs ilai ilc living cniiiics aic all-
pcivading spiiii-souls and ilai ilc maiciial cncigy cicaics ilc libciaicd and
condiiioncd siaics ol ilcsc souls. Ii icaclcs ilai boil bondagc and libciaiion aic
boil dillcicni aspccis ol ilc maiciial cncigy. Ii icaclcs ilai ilcic is no onc disiinci
pcison wlo is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc Loid ol all. Ii icaclcs ilai
iimc is noi ical. Ii icaclcs ilai ilc livc pianas (lilc-aiis) aic idcniical wiil ilc livc
scnscs. Tlcsc and oilci similai dociiincs may bc sccn in ilc Sanllya-smiii.
Adhikarana 2
Yoga Refufed
Infroducfion By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
An opponcni may say: "Tlc Vcdania icxis slould noi bc inicipicicd in ilc
icims ol ilc Sanllya-smiii bccausc ii is opposcd io ilc conclusion ol Vcdania.
Howvci, ilc Vcdania may bc cxplaincd by ilc Yoga-smiii, loi ii is said ilai ilc
Yoga-smiii is bascd on Vcdania. Indccd, yoga is paii ol ilc Vcdas. Tlis may bc
sccn liom ilc lollowing dcsciipiions. Tlc Kaila Upanisad (2.3.11) says iam
yogam iii manyanic siliiam indiiya-dlaianam (Tlc sagcs considci yoga io bc liim
icsiiaini ol ilc scnscs). ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.3.1S) again says vidyam ciam yoga-
vidlim ca liisnam (Hc undcisiood cvciyiling aboui ilc plilosoply and piaciicc
ol yoga). Tlis may also bc sccn liom ilc lollowing dcsciipiion ol ilc yoga posiuics
in ilc svciasvaiaia Upanisad (2.S): iiii unnaiam silapya samam saiiam (Onc
slould piaciicc yoga, lolding ilc body siiaigli and ilc lcad, nccl, and clcsi
cicci). Tlc gicai auiloiiiy Loid Paianjali composcd ilc Yoga-smiii (io icacl) mcn
low io ovcicomc ilc disadvaniagcd posiiion ol living in ilc maiciial woild. In ilc
liisi iwo suiias ol ilc Yoga-smiii lc says aila yoganusasanam (Now yoga will bc
iaugli) and yogas ciiia-viiii- niiodlal (Yoga siops ilc aciiviiics ol ilc mind).
Wlcn ilc Vcdas aic inicipicicd liicially ilc yoga- smiii may noi bc always in
laimony wiil ilcm bccausc ilc yoga-smiii icaclcs aboui yoga cxclusivcly. Tlc
Manu-smiii and oilci dlaima-sasiias, lowcvci, bccausc ilcy only icacl ilc
pciloimancc ol icligious duiics, aic always in laimony wiil ilc Vcdas. Tlcicloic
ilc Vcdas slould noi bc inicipicicd in a liicial scnsc. Tlcy slould bc inicipicicd
in ilc ligli ol ilc Yoga- smiii.
Siddlania---Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra 3

cicna yoga-piayulial

ly ilc picccding icluiaiion ol sanllya, yoga is also icluicd.
Purporf By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
ly ilc picccding icluiaiion ol ilc Sanllya-smiii, ilc Yoga-smiii is undcisiood
io bc also icluicd. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Yoga-smiii also coniiadicis ilc Vcdania
plilosoply. Wlcn ilc Vcdania is inicipicicd accoiding io ilc Yoga-smiii, ilc ilc
Manu-smiii and ilc oilci smiiis ilai lollow ilc Vcdas, all bccomc mcaninglcss.
Ioi ilis icason ilc Vcdania slould noi bc inicipicicd accoiding io ilc Yoga-smiii.
Ii cannoi bc said ilai ilc Yoga-smiii docs noi coniiadici Vcdania. In ilc Yoga-
smiii ilc piadlana is lcld io bc ilc oiiginal indcpcndcni causc ol all causcs. loil
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and all jvas aic lcld io bc all- pcivading
consciousncss only. Libciaiion, obiaincd only by yoga, is dcsciibcd as mcicly ilc
ccssaiion ol pain. lccausc ii coniiadicis ilc Vcdania on ilcsc poinis, ilc Yoga-
smiii slould noi bc acccpicd. Also bccausc iis vicws on scnsoiy pciccpiion and
oilci souiccs ol lnowlcdgc, iis vicws on mcnial aciiviiics, and many oilci ol iis
vicws, aic ouisidc ol ilc Vcdania conclusions, ilc Yoga-smiii slould noi bc
acccpicd. Tlcsc vicws aic lound only in ilc Yoga-smiii. lccausc ii is opposcd io
Vcdania iis conclusions aic all woiillcss. Ioi ilis icason wc do noi lcai io icjcci
ii. Wc icjcci ii jusi as wc icjccicd sanllya picviously. Tlc iiuil aboui ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc jvas, libciaiion, and ilc mcilod io aiiain
libciaiion, wlicl aic all icvcalcd in ilc Vcdania plilosoply, will bc slown, onc by
onc, in ilc laici poiiions ol ilis bool. Tlis bcing so, in ilc iwo quoiaiions liom
svciasvaiaia Upanisad (2.S and 6.13), iiii unnaiam silapya samam saiiam (Onc
slould piaciicc yoga, lolding ilc body siiaigli and ilc lcad, nccl, and clcsi
cicci), wlicl dcsciibcs ilc yoga-asanas, and iai-laianam sanllya-yogadligamyam
(Tlc oiiginal causc ol all causcs, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, may bc
lnown by ciilci sanllya oi yoga), ilc woid sanllya is uscd mcicly io mcan
"lnowlcdgc," and in ilc samc way ilc woid yoga is uscd mcicly io mcan
"mcdiiaiion." Tlc iwo plilosoplics ilai go by ilc namcs yoga and sanllya slould
bc undcisiood io bc plilosoplics dillcicni liom ilc conclusions ol Vcdania.
Libciaiion is noi aiiaincd by lollowing ilc pail ol yoga, noi is ii aiiaincd by ilc
lnowlcdgc ol sanllya, wlcic ilc soul is disiinguislcd liom maiici. Tlc
svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.S) says iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii (Onc can ovcicomc
ilc pail ol biiil and dcail only by undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad). Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.21) says vijnaya piajnam luivia
(Onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad). Tlc sciipiuics
also say ciad yo dlyayaii iasaii blajaii so 'miio blavaii (Hc wlo mcdiiaics on ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, linds lis lappincss in Him, and woislips Him,
aiiains libciaiion).
Wc aic noi opposcd io ilosc poiiions ol ilc sanllya and yoga plilosoplics
ilai do noi coniiadici ilc Vcdas. Howcvci, wc complcicly icjcci ilosc poiiions
ilai coniiadici ilc Vcdas.
Alilougl ilc Yoga-smiii icaclcs laiil in ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
as in ilc passagcs svaia- paiidlanad va (Yoga may bc aiiaincd by dcvoiion io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad) and llcsa-laima- vipalasayaii apaialisial
puiusa-viscsa svaial (God is a singlc spccilic pcison wlo is uniouclcd by
sullciing oi ilc liuiis ol aciion), siill many pcoplc icjcci ilcsc suiias and say ilai
ilcii auiloi was bcwildcicd wlcn lc spolc ilcm. Aciually ii is Gauiama Muni
and oilci ailcisis wlo aic bcwildcicd, loi ilcy piopound ilcoiics ilai dcly ilc
Vcdas. (Tlc auiloi ol Vcdania) will icluic ilcsc ilcoiics (in luiuic suiias). Lvcn
ilougl ilcy wcic vciy lcaincd and iniclligcni, siill ilcy wcic bcwildcicd. In ilc
opinion ol somc ilcy lad bccomc vciy pioud, ilinling ilcmsclvcs omniscicni,
and in ilc opinion ol oilcis ilcy wcic bcwildcicd by ilc illusoiy poicncy ol Loid
Haii, wlo lad His own puiposc in maling ilcm spcal ilcsc ilcoiics.
lccausc ilc yoga plilosoply acccpis ilc cxisicncc ol God, ilcic may bc somc
icluciancc io icjcci ii. Tlcicloic in oidci io icluic ilc yoga plilosoply ilc
aigumcni liom ilc picvious Adlilaiana is icpcaicd lcic. Lvcn ilougl ii was
auiloicd by ilc dcmigod lialma limscll, ilc yoga-smiii is icjccicd lcic.
Adhikarana 3
The Vedas Are EfernaI and InfaIIiabIe
Infroducfion By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Somc lollowcis ol sanllya and yoga may aiguc: "You may icjcci ilc sanllya-
smiii and yoga- smiii bccausc ilcy coniiadici ilc Vcdas, bui wc icjcci ilc Vcdas
bccausc ilcy coniiadici sanllya and yoga." Tlc lollowing is a icluiaiion ol ilis
aigumcni.
Samsaya---Aic ilc Vcdas aic icliablc souicc ol lnowlcdgc oi noi'
Puivapalsa---ilc Vcdas say laiiya yajaic visii-lamal (Hc wlo dcsiics iain
slould pciloim a laiii-yajna). Il onc ilus pciloims a laiii-yajna oi oilci Vcdic
iiiual, lc may noi ncccssaiily aiiain ilc piomiscd icsuli. Ioi ilis icason ilc Vcdas
aic an unicliablc souicc ol lnowlcdgc.
Siddlania---Tlc conclusion lollows.
Sufra +

na vilalsanaivad asya iailaivam ca sabdai

lccausc ilcy lavc a lundamcnially dillcicni naiuic, and bccausc ilcii own
woids aic cvidcncc loi ilcm, ilc Vcdas aic noi an unicliablc souicc ol lnowlcdgc.
Purporf By SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Vcdas aic noi an unicliablc souicc ol lnowlcdgc, as ilc sanllya-smiii and
yoga- smiii aic. Wly' Tlc suiia says vilalsanai (lccausc ilcy lavc a
lundamcnially dillcicni naiuic). Tlis mcans ilai bccausc ilcy wcic wiiiicn by
jvas, ilc sanllya-smiii and yoga- smiii aic subjcci io ilc loui dclccis ol bcing
pionc io misialcs, illusions, clcaiing, and dclcciivc pciccpiion. ilc Vcdas,
lowcvci, bccausc ilcy aic cicinal, aic licc liom ilcsc dclccis. Tlc siuii says vaca
viiupa niiyaya (O Viiupa, ilc Vcdas aic cicinal) and ilc smiii says:

anadi-nidlana niiya
vag uisisia svayambluva
adau vcdamay divya
yaial saival piaviiiayal

"In ilc bcginning ol cicaiion ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad spolc and liom
His woids ilc cicinal, bcginninglcss, cndlcss, iiansccndcnial Vcdas wcic
manilcsicd. Iiom ilc Vcdas all oilci sciipiuics lavc comc."

Tlc Manu-smiii and ilc oilci smiiis auiloiiiaiivc bccausc ilcy lavc cmanaicd
liom ilc Vcdas. In a picvious suiia (1.3.29) ilc ciciniiy ol ilc Vcdas was piovcd
by logic, and in ilis suiia ii is piovcd by ilc Vcdas ilcmslcvcs. Tlai is ilc
dillcicncc bciwccn ilcsc iwo suiias.
An opponcni may objcci: "In ilc Puiusa-sulia (Rn Vcda 10.90.9) aic ilc
woids:

iasmad yajnai saiva-luia
ical samani jajniic
clandamsi jajniic iasmad
yajus iasmad ajayaia

'Iiom ilai saciilicc all liic-saciiliccs, ilc ig Vcda and ilc Sama Vcda wcic boin.
Iiom ii ilc Vcdic lymns wcic boin. Iiom ii ilc Yajui Vcda was boin.' Tlis
passagc piovcs ilai ilc Vcdas wcic boin and, bccausc ilcy wcic boin, musi also
pciisl in ilc cnd. Ioi ilis icason ilc Vcdas aic noi cicinal."
To ilis opponcni I say: No. Ii is noi so. Tlc woid "boin" lcic mcans
"manilcsicd" (noi boin in ilc oidinaiy scnsc). Ioi ilis icason ilc sciipiuics say:

svayamblui csa blagavan
vcdo gias ivaya puia
sivadya isi-paiyanial
smaiiaio 'sya na laialal

"O Loid, You liisi icciicd ilc scll-manilcsicd, iiansccndcnial Vcdas. Zva, ilc
dcmigods, and ilc sagcs, aic noi ilc auilois, bui aic only icciicis ol ilc Vcdas."

Tlc Vcdas do noi ccasc io bc a souicc ol gcnuinc lnowlcdgc bccausc
somciimcs ilc icsulis piomiscd by ii do noi occui. Tlis so bccausc ilc piomiscd
icsulis always occui wlcn ilc Vcdic iiiuals aic pciloimcd by piopcily qualilicd
pcisons. Wlcn somciimcs ilc piomiscd icsulis do noi occui, ilis mcans ilai ilc
pciloimci ol ilc iiiuals was noi piopcily qualilicd. Tlcicloic, bccausc ilcy
coniiadici ilc Vcdas ilc sanllya- smiii and yoga-smiii aic noi gcnuinc souiccs ol
lnowlcdgc.
Adhikarana +
The Words "Fire" and "Earfh" Refer fo fhe Devas
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Somconc may say: "In ilc Clandogya Upanisad is ilc lollowing passagc: iai
icja ailsaia balu syam. ia apa ailsania balvyal syamal (Iiic ilougli: 'Lci mc
bccomc many,' and ilc waicis ilougli: 'Lci us bccomc many'), and in ilc lilad-
aianyala Upanisad is ilis passagc: ic lcmc piana alam iicyasc vivadamana
bialma jagmul lo no viiisial (Tlc bicails quaiicllcd ovci wlo was ilc bcsi
among ilcmsclvcs. Tlcy wcni io ilc dcmigod lialma and aslcd: 'Wlo is ilc bcsi
amongsi us'') Tlcsc impossiblc siaicmcnis aic as plausiblc as saying 'Tlc baiicn
woman's son is vciy splcndid.' Ioi ilis icason ilc Vcdas aic noi a gcnuinc souicc
ol lnowlcdgc. lccausc in ilis way onc poiiion ol ilc Vcdas is lound io bc noi
auiloiiiaiivc, ilc oilci poiiions ol ilc Vcdas aic also noi auiloiiiaiivc, and
ilcicloic ilc Vcdas' claim ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc oiiginal
cicaioi ol ilc maiciial woild is noi iiuc. Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn lc answcis
in ilc lollowing woids---
Sufra5

ablimani-vyapadcias iu viicsanugaiiblyam

lccausc ilc clcmcnis aic callcd dcmigods, and bccausc ilcic is a dcsciipiion ol ilc
dcmigods cniciing ilc clcmcnis, ilc woids lcic iclci io ilc picsiding dciiics ol ilc
clcmcnis (and noi ilc clcmcnis ilcmsclvcs).
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc passagc (Clandogya
Upanisad 6.2.3) iai icja ailsaia (ilc liic ilougli) iclcis io ilc conscious, ilinling
liic-god, and noi io ilc inanimaic liic clcmcni. Wly' Tlc suiia says
viicsanugaiiblyam (bccausc ilc clcmcnis aic callcd dcmigods, and bccausc ilcic
is a dcsciipiion ol ilc dcmigods cniciing ilc clcmcnis). Tlc picviously quoicd
passagc ol ilc Clandogya Upanisad coniinucs by alliiming (6.3.2) ilai ilc liic,
waici, and lood picviously mcniioncd in ilc passagc aic dcmigods: lanialam imas
iisio dcvaia (I am ilcsc ilicc dcmigods). Tlc Kausiiali Upanisad (2.1+) says saiva
la vai dcvaia alam iicyasc vivadamanal. . .ic dcva pianc niliicyasam vidiiva (All
ilc dcmigods aigucd, cacl saying "I am ilc bcsi.". . .Tlc dcmigods linally
undcisiood ilai among ilcm bicail is ilc bcsi). Tlc bicail and cacl ol ilc oilci
scnscs in ilis passagcs aic dcsciibcd as "dcmigods." Ioi ilis icason ii may bc
undcisiood ilai ilc namcs ol ilc scnscs and clcmcnis lcic iclci io ilc dcmigods
ilai coniiol ilcm. Tlc Aiiaicya aianyala (2.+) says agnii vag bluiva mullam
piaviiai. . . adiiyai calsui bluivalsin piaviiai (Tlc liic-god bccamc spcccl and
cnicicd ilc mouil. . .Tlc sun-god bccamc sigli and cnicicd ilc cycs). lccausc
ilis passagc cxplains low ilc liic-god cnicis spcccl and ilc oilci dcmigods cnici
ilc oilci scnscs, (ii may again bc undcisiood ilai ilc namcs ol ilc scnscs and
clcmcnis lcic iclci io ilc dcmigods ilai coniiol ilcm). Tlc llavisya Puiana says:

piilivyady-ablimaninyo
dcvaial piailiiaujasal
aciniyal ialiayas iasam
diiyanic muniblii ca ial

"Tlc sagcs lnow ilai ilc woid 'caiil' and ilc namcs ol ilc oilci clcmcnis aic
namcs ol ilc powcilul dcmigods, wlosc poicncics aic bcyond conccpiion."

Tlc passagc giavanal plavanic (ilc sioncs lloai) piaiscs ilc dcmigods, wlo
wcic ablc, in a cciiain way, io cnici cvcn ilc sioncs. Tlis lappcncd wlcn Loid
Rama bcgan io build ilc biidgc (ol sioncs). In ilis way noiling in ilc Vcdas is
incoiicci, and ilc Vcdic siaicmcni ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc
solc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial univciscs is clcaily piovcd.
Adhikarana 5
Thaf The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Is The OriginaI Creafor Is Proved By
Logic
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Taling slclici ilis iimc ol logic, ilc sanllya plilosoplci again iiics io icluic
ilc idca ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc
maiciial univcisc is madc. Alilougl in ilc woids (Sanllya-smiii 6.35) iiuii-
viiodlan na luiailapasadasyaima-lablal (Scll-icalizaiion is noi aiiaincd by mcic
logic, loi logic coniiadicis ilc Vcdas) ii icjccis mcic logic, ilc sanllya plilosoply
(lypociiiically) docs so only io dclcai iis opponcnis.
Samsaya---Is oi is noi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc ingicdicni ol
wlicl ilc maiciial univcisc is madc'
Puivapalsa---Is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl
ilc maiciial univcisc is madc' No, bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
complcicly dillcicni liom ilis woild ol maiici. Ii is gcncially acccpicd ilai ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is all-lnowing, all- powcilul, complcicly puic,
and lull ol all iiansccndcnial bliss. Tlc maiciial univcisc, on ilc oilci land, is
diiccily sccn io bc lull ol ignoiancc, wcalncss, impuiiiy, and misciy. Tlcicloic
ilcic is no dcbaic aboui wlcilci ilc iwo ol ilcm lavc dillciing naiuics. Tlai a
subsiancc and ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ii is madc musi lavc ilc samc naiuic is
clcaily sccn. Ioi cxamplc clay, gold, and ilicad aic ilc ingicdicnis ol wlicl
pociiciy, ciowns, and cloil aic madc. Howcvci, bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad is dillcicni in naiuic liom ilc maiciial univcisc, anoilci ingicdicni
slould bc sougli. Tlai ingicdicni is piadlana bccausc piadlana posscsscs ilc
samc naiuic as ilis maiciial univcisc lillcd wiil maiciial lappincsscs, maiciial
sullciings, and vaiious illusions. In oidci io piovc ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad las ilc samc naiuic as ilc maiciial univcisc, somconc may say: "Wiilin
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic iwo vciy subilc poicncics: a conscious
spiiiiual poicncy, and an incii maiciial poicncy. In ilis way ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc maiciial univcisc is madc."
lccausc ii siaics ilai a vciy subilc poicncy is ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc vciy
gioss maiciial woild is madc, cvcn ilis aigumcni docs noi icsolvc ilc gicai
dillcicncc bciwccn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc maiciial univcisc.
Oilci dillcicnccs bciwccn ilc iwo may also bc sccn. In ilis way ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is noi ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc maiciial univcisc is
madc. Alilougl logic musi bc suboidinaic io sciipiuic, siill, in oidci io
undcisiand ilc iiuil sciipiuic musi somciimcs bc suboidinaic io logic. Tlis is ilc
siaicmcni ol ilc Puivapalsa.
Siddlania---Hc now icluics ilis aigumcni.
Sufra 6

disyaic iu

lui ilis is (noi) sccn by diicci pciccpiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid iu (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid na (noi), ialcn liom
ilc picvious suiia, slould bc undcisiood in ilis suiia also. Somconc may say:
"lccausc Hc is dillcicni in naiuic, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cannoi bc
ilc ingicdicni liom wlicl ilc maiciial univcisc is madc." Tlc answci is givcn:
"lccausc ii is many iimcs sccn ilai ilcic is a dillcicncc bciwccn ilings and ilc
ingicdicnis ol wlicl ilcy aic madc, ii cannoi bc said ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad cannoi bc ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl ilc maiciial univcisc is madc." Tlc
maiciial univcisc is madc liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, jusi as many
ilings aic manilcsicd liom souiccs vciy dillcicni in naiuic, jusi as woims comc
liom loncy, as clcplanis, loiscs, and oilci animals comc liom ilc lalpa-
diumaiicc, and as gold and oilci ilings comc liom ilc ciniamani jcwcl. Tlc
ailaivanilas givc ilc lollowing cxamplc (Mundala Upanisad 1.1.7):

yailoinanablil sijaic ginaic ca
yaila piilivyam osadlayal samblavanii
yaila saial puiusai lcia-lomani
iailalsaiai samblavaila viivam

"As a spidci cxpands and wiildiaws iis wcb, as innumciablc planis spioui liom
ilc soil, and as laiis giow on a pcison's body, so is ilc maiciial univcisc
manilcsicd liom ilc impciislablc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Adhikarana 6
Nofhingness Is Nof The Firsf Cause
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Somconc may objcci: "Il ilc maiciial woild is dillcicni liom iis ingicdicni, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilcn bcloic ilc woild was manilcsicd, ii was noi
alicady cxisicni wiilin ilc Supicmc. lcloic ii was manilcsicd ii did noi cxisi.
lccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc cxisicd ilcn, in ilc bcginning
ilc maiciial woild did noi cxisi. Howcvci ilis vicw cannoi bc lcld by ilcy wlo
alliim ilai ilc ilc maiciial woild is ical bccausc ii is cicaicd by ilc Supicmc
Rcaliiy." Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, lc icplics is ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra7

Il somconc mainiains ilc maiciial woild io bc unical, ilcn I say no. Tlc woild is
noi unical mcicly bccausc ii is in naiuic dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcic is no lauli in ilis. Wly' Tlc suiia says piaiiscdla-maiiaivai (Tlc woild
is noi unical mcicly bccausc ii is in naiuic dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad). Tlc picvious suiia dcnicd ilai a subsiancc and iis ingicdicni musi
lavc ilc samc naiuic. Ii is noi ilai a iling and iis ingicdicni aic dillcicni in
subsiancc. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs
iiansloimcd, bccoming ilc body ol ilc maiciial woild, wlicl is by naiuic dillcicni
liom Him. Tlis is ilc mcaning: Is ii bccausc 1. His naiuic is dillcicni liom ilc
naiuic ol ilc woild, oi bccausc 2. nonc ol His qualiiics aic picscni in ilc woild
ilai you icjcci ilc idca ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc ingicdicni
ol ilc maiciial woild' Tlc liisi is noi a good icason bccausc (dillcicncc) is
naiuially picscni in ilc iclaiion bciwccn ingicdicni and pioduci. Ioi cxamplc a
clay poi oi oilci piccc ol poiiciy is, bccausc ii is noi an amoiplous lump, unlilc
ilc ball ol clay ilai is iis ingicdicni. In ilis way ilcy aic dillcicni. Tlc sccond
aigumcni is, bccausc cxisicncc (sai) and many oilci qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic picscni in ilc maiciial woild, noi a valid aigumcni
ciilci.
Il ilc objcciion is iaiscd: "Tlc qualiiics ol ilc ingicdicni ilai dillcicniiaic ii
liom oilci ilings slould bc iianslciicd liom ilc ingicdicni io ilc subsiancc ii
cicaics. Tlc qualiiics ilai disiinguisl gold liom ilicad aic also sccn io disiinguisl
goldcn biacclcis and oilci oinamcnis liom cloil madc ol ilicad," ilcn ilc
lollowing answci may bc givcn: "lccausc insccis comc liom loncy, many oilci
ilings aic also cicaicd liom ingicdicnis vciy unlilc ilc linal pioduci, and cvcn
aiiiclcs ol gold olicn picscni a naiuic vciy dillcicni liom ilc oiiginal subsiancc,
ilis aigumcni is noi valid. Jusi as gold is noi dillcicni liom ilc ciniamani jcwcl
ilai cicaicd ii and a biacclci is noi dillcicni liom ilc gold ilai cicaicd ii, in ilc
samc way ilc maiciial woild, bccausc ii is cicaicd liom ilc Supicmc Rcaliiy, is noi
dillcicni liom Him, and is ilcicloic noi unical.
Sufra 8

apiau iadvai piasangad asama/vjasam

(Somconc may objcci: "Il ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wcic ilc ingicdicni
ol wlicl ilc maiciial woild is madc, ilcn) ai ilc iimc wlcn ilc maiciial woild is
dcsiioycd, (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad would bc dcsiioycd). lccausc ilis
vicw is unicnablc (ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cannoi bc ilc ingicdicni
ol ilc maiciial woild)."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Il ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc masici ol all subilc spiiiiual
poicncics, is ilc ingicdicni liom wlicl ilc maiciial woild, wlicl consisis ol boil
maiici and spiiii, and wlicl ilwaiis ilc spiiiiual aspiiaiions ol ilc living cniiiics,
ilcn ai ilc iimc ol cosmic dcvasiaiion, (wlcn ilc maiciial univciscs cnici ilc
Loid's body), ilc Loid musi bccomc lilc ilc maiciial woild (inlccicd wiil all iis
laulis). In ilc suiia's woid iadvai ilc woid iad is in ilc gcniiivc casc and ilc woid
vai mcans "lilc."
( CHAPTER II Pada 1 - Sufras 9 onwards and fhe compIefe Pada 2
missing!)
Pada 3
Adhikarana 1
Efher Is Creafed
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
vyomadi-visayam goblii
biblaiii vijaglana yal
sa iam mad-visayam blasvan
lisnal pianilanisyaii
May ilc biilliani sun ol Loid Kisna, wlo wiil iays ol logic dcsiioys a losi ol
misconccpiions aboui cilci and ilc oilci clcmcnis, dcsiioy ilc misconccpiions in
my lcaii.
In ilc Sccond Pada wcic icvcalcd ilc lallacics picscni in ilc ilcoiics ol ilcy
wlo say piadlana is ilc ilc liisi causc and ilcy wlo claim somciling oilci ilan
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc liisi causc. In ilc Tliid Pada will bc
slown ilc iiuil ilai ilc vaiious clcmcnis ol ilc maiciial woild aic manilcsicd
liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilai ilcy mcigc inio Him ai ilc cnd,
ilai ilc individual spiiii souls always cxisicd, ilcic noi bcing a poini in iimc wlcn
ilcy wcic cicaicd, ilai ilc individual spiiii souls lavc spiiiiual bodics lull ol
lnowlcdgc, ilai ilc individual spiiii souls aic aiomic in sizc alilougl by ilcii
consciousncss ilcy aic all-pcivading wiilin ilc maiciial body, ilai ilc individual
spiiii souls aic paii-and-paiccl ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilai
Maisya-avaiaia and ilc oilci avaiaias aic diiccily ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, and ilai ilc vaiiciy ol siiuaiions inio wlicl ilc condiiioncd souls aic
placcd is causcd by ilc picvious laima. Tlcsc will all bc piovcd by icluiing ilc
idcas ol ilcy wlo claim ilai ilcsc siaicmcnis aic noi iiuc.
Tlc vaiious aspccis ol ilc maiciial woild aic cicaicd in ilc lollowing scqucncc:
1. piadlana, 2. malai-iaiiva, 3. lalsc-cgo, +. ilc ian-maiias, 5. ilc scnscs, and 6.
ilc gioss clcmcnis, bcginning wiil cilci. Tlis scqucncc is givcn in ilc Subala-
siuii and oilci sciipiuics. Tlc scqucncc lound in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad and
oilci sciipiuics will also bc discusscd in oidci io slow ilai scqucncc docs noi
coniiadici wlai las alicady bccn said.
Clandogya Upanisad (6.2.1) cxplains:
sad cva saumycdyam agia asi
"O gcnilc onc, in ilc bcginning ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc
cxisicd."
Clandogya Upanisad (6.2.3-+) coniinucs:
iad ailsaia balu syam piajaycycii iai icjo 'sijaia. iai icja ailsaia balu syam
piajaycycii iad apo 'sijaia . . . ia apa ailsania balvayal syama piajaycmalii ia
annam asijania.
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilougli: I slall bccomc many. I slall
lailci clildicn.' Tlcn Hc cicaicd liic. Tlcn liic ilougli: I slall bccomc many. I
slall lailci clildicn.' Tlcn liic cicaicd waici. . . . Tlcn waici ilougli: I slall
bccomc many. I slall lailci clildicn.' Tlcn waici cicaicd giains."
In ilis way ii is clcaily slown ilai liic, waici, and giains wcic cicaicd. In ilis,
lowcvci, ilcic is a doubi.
Samsaya (doubi): Was cilci cvci cicaicd oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia docs noi mcniion
any cicaiion ol cilci, ilcicloic cilci was ncvci cicaicd, bui was always cxisiing.
Tlis idca is cxpicsscd in ilc lollowing suiia.
Sufra 1
na viyad asiuicl
na-noi; viyai-cilci; asiuicl-bccausc ol noi bcing dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-
sasiia.
Noi so loi cilci, bccausc ilai is noi dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Lilci is cicinal and was ncvci cicaicd. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
"lccausc ilai is noi dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia." Tlc iclcvani passagc ol
Clandogya Upanisad mcniions ilc cicaiion ol ilc oilci clcmcnis, bui ii docs noi
mcniion ilc cicaiion ol cilci. In ilc picviously quoicd passagc ol Clandogya
Upanisad ilc cicaiion ol liic, waici, and giains is mcniioncd. Howcvci ilcic is no
mcniion ol ilc cicaiion ol cilci. Ioi ilis icason cilci musi noi lavc bccn cicaicd.
Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Tlis idca is icluicd in ilc lollowing suiia:
Sufra 2
asii iu
asii-is; iu-indccd.
Indccd ii is so.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic io icmovc doubi. Tlc woid "asii" (ii is so)
mcans, "Ii is so ilai cilci was cicaicd." Alilougl ilc cicaiion ol cilci is noi
dcsciibcd in ilc Clandogya Upanisad, ii is dcsciibcd in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad in
ilc lollowing woids:
iasmad va ciasmad aimana alasal sambluial alasad vayui vayoi agnii agnci apo
ablyo malai piiliv
"Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, cilci was manilcsicd. Iiom cilci,
aii was manilcsicd. Iiom aii, liic was manilcsicd. Iiom liic, waici was manilcsicd.
Iiom waici, caiil was manilcsicd."
Anoilci doubi is cxpicsscd in ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra 3
gauny asamblavac clabdac ca
gaun-liguic ol spcccl; asamblavai-bccausc ol bcing impossiblc; sabdai-
bccausc ol sciipiuic; ca-also.
lccausc ol sciipiuic, and bccausc ii is impossiblc, ii musi bc a mcic liguic ol
spcccl.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii is noi possiblc ilai cilci was cicaicd. Tlis is conliimcd by Kanada Muni and
oilci gicai plilosoplcis. Tlc Taiiiiiya Upanisad's dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol
cilci is a mcic liguic ol spcccl, as wlcn, in oidinaiy spcccl onc says, "Plcasc
malc somc spacc" oi "Somc spacc las bccn madc". Ioi wlai oilci icasons is ii
noi possiblc ilai cilci is cicaicd' lccausc ii is impossiblc io cicaic cilci. Ii is noi
possiblc io cicaic cilci bccausc cilci is loimlcss and all-pcivading, bccausc ii is
noi includcd in ilc clain ol causcs, and bccausc sciipiuic pioclaims ilai cilci is
noi cicaicd. lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.3.2-3) pioclaims:
vayus caniailsam caiiad amiiam
"Aii and cilci aic boil cicinal."
Tlis piovcs ilai cilci was ncvci cicaicd.
Howcvci, il ilc passagc liom ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad uscd ilc woid
"sambluia" (cicaicd) only oncc io iclci io ilc lisi ol clcmcnis bcginning wiil liic,
low is ii possiblc io claim ilai ilis woid is uscd liicially loi all ilc clcmcnis and
liguiaiivcly loi cilci alonc'
Tlc opponcni ol Vcdania icplics in ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra +
syac cailasya bialma-sabda-vai
syai-may bc; ca-and; clasya-ol onc; bialma-lialma; sabda-ilc woid;
vai-lilc.
Ii may bc loi onc, as in ilc woid "lialman".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (3.2) ii is said:
iapasa bialma vijijnasasva iapo bialma
"ly pciloiming ausiciiiics siiivc io undcisiand lialman, loi ausiciiiics aic
lialman."
In ilis passagc ilc woid lialman is uscd in iwo ways. Uscd io dcsciibc ilc
objcci ol lnowlcdgc aiiaincd by pciloiming ausiciiiics, lialman is uscd in iis
liicial scnsc. Tlcn, cquaicd wiil ausiciiiics, ii is uscd liguiaiivcly io mcan, "ilc
way io lnow lialman". In ilc samc way ilc woid "sambluia" in ilc picviously
discusscd passagc can bc usc liicially and liguiaiivcly simuliancously. In ilis way
ilc laci ilai ilc passagc ol ilc Clandogya Upanisad malcs no mcniion ol ii
icluics ilc dcsciipiion in oilci Upanisads ilai cilci was cicaicd.
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics ilis idca in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 5
piaiijnalanii avyaiiiclac cabdcblyal
piaiijna-siaicmcni ol inicni; alanil-non-abandonmcni; avyaiiiclai-
bccausc ol non-dillcicncc; sabdcblyal-liom ilc siaicmcnis ol sciipiuic.
Ii is alliimcd bccausc ii is noi dillcicni and bccausc ol ilc siaicmcnis ol
sciipiuic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (6.1.3) alliims:
ycnasiuiam siuiam blavaii
"Now I will icacl low io lcai wlai cannoi bc lcaid."
In ilcsc woids ilc inicniion io icacl aboui lialman is cxpicsscd. Il ilis
inicniion is noi biolcn, ilcn all ilai lollows musi bc aboui lialman and ii musi
bc alliimcd ilai noiling is dillcicni liom lialman. Tlc idca ilai somciling is
dillcicni liom lialman is io bc icjccicd. Il cvciyiling is noi-dillcicni liom
lialman, ilcn lialman is clcaily ilc ingicdicni ol wlicl cvciyiling is madc.
Tlus, simply by lnowing lialman onc lnows cvciyiling. Il ilis is acccpicd ilcn
ii is also acccpicd ilai cilci was cicaicd.
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (6.2.1) again alliims:
sad cva saumycdam agia asd clam cvadviiyam aiiad-aimyam idam saivam
"O gcnilc onc, in ilc bcginning ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc
cxisicd. Hc was alonc. Tlcic was no onc clsc. Lvciyiling las Him as iis
ingicdicni."
Tlcsc woids alliim ilai in ilc bcginning cvciyiling was manilcsicd liom Him,
and alici ilc cicaiion was manilcsicd cvciyiling lad Him as iis ingicdicni. Tlis
slould bc acccpicd.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlcic is no clcai siaicmcni in ilai Upanisad ilai
cilci was cicaicd. How can you iall lilc ilai'
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics io ilis objcciion.
Sufra 6
yavad vilaiam iu viblago lola-vai
yavai-io wlai cxicni; vilaiam-cicaiion; iu-indccd; viblagal-cicaioi;
lola-ilc woild; vai-lilc.
Indccd, il ilcic is a cicaiion ilcic musi bc a cicaioi, as wc scc in ilc woild.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic io icmovc doubi. Tlc Clandogya
Upanisad cxplains:
aiiad-aimyam idam saivam
"Lvciyiling las Him as iis ingicdicni."
Tlis siaicmcni slows ilai ilcic is boil a cicaioi and a cicaiion. Wlcn ilc
Subala Upanisad and oilci sciipiuics cxplain ilai ilc piadlana, malai-iaiiva, and
oilci ilings aic cicaicd, ilcy imply ilai cvciyiling ilai cxisis was cicaicd. Tlai is
ilc mcaning.
Tlc lollowing cxamplc liom ilc maiciial woild may bc givcn. A pcison may
say, "All ilcsc aic ilc sons ol Caiiia." In ilis way lc alliims ilai ilcy wcic all
boin liom a man namcd Caiiia. In ilc samc way, wlcn ilc Upanisad alliims ilai,
Lvciyiling las ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as iis ingicdicni," ii is clcai
ilai piadlana, malai-iaiiva, and cvciyiling clsc las comc liom ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlus wlcn ilc Upanisad siaics ilai liic, waici, and giains
comc liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ii mcans io say ilai cvciyiling
comcs liom Him. In ilis way ii is undcisiand ilai cilci also was cicaicd.
Tlc woid "viblagal" in ilis suiia mcans cicaiion". Suiia 3 alliimcd ilai ii is
noi possiblc loi cilci io lavc bccn cicaicd. Howcvci, ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las inconccivablc powcis. Lvcn ilougl ii
may bc inconccivablc, Hc can do anyiling wiiloui icsiiiciion. In somc passagcs ii
is said ilai cilci is immoiial, wlicl mcans ilai ii is nciilci cicaicd noi dcsiioycd.
Tlcsc siaicmcnis may bc ialcn as liguics ol spcccl bccausc wc can lind oilci
passagcs dcsciibing ilc cicaiion and dcsiiuciion ol cilci.
lccausc cilci is counicd among ilc clcmcnis ii musi bc cicaicd and also
dcsiioycd. lccausc cilci las icmpoiaiy maiciial qualiiics, as liic and ilc oilci
clcmcnis do, ii musi also bc icmpoiaiy, as ilc oilci clcmcnis aic.
Wlaicvci is noi maiici is spiiii. Lilci is noi lilc spiiii. Ii is dillcicni. In ilis
way ilc idca ilai cilci was noi cicaicd is dispiovcd. Modcin plilosoplcis ilai
siaic ilc coniiaiy aic wiong. Ii musi bc acccpicd ilai cilci was cicaicd.
Adhikarana 2
Air Is Creafed
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
To slow ilai ilc samc aigumcnis may also slow ilc cicaiion ol aii, ilc auiloi
ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing cxplanaiion.
Sufra 7
cicna maiaiisva vyallyaial
cicna-by ilis; maiaiisva-aii; vyallyaial-is cxplaincd.
Tlis also iclcis io aii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis piool ilai cilci was cicaicd clcaily slows ilai aii, wlicl cxisis wiilin
cilci, musi also lavc bccn cicaicd. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlis is so bccausc ilc
limbs ol somciling musi lavc ilc samc qualiiics as ilc wlolc ol wlicl ilcy aic
paiis.
Oui opponcni may objcci: lccausc ii was ncvci dcsciibcd in ilc Clandogya
Upanisad, ii is clcai ilai aii was ncvci cicaicd.
To ilis I icply: Tlc Taiiiiiya Upanisad cxplains ilai aii was cicaicd liom cilci.
Tlcn oui opponcni may say: Tlai dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol aii musi lavc
bccn a liguic ol spcccl, bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai aii is cicinal.
To ilis I icply: Tlc Clandogya Upanisad alliims in a piaiijna siaicmcni (aiiad-
aimyam idam saivam) ilai cvciyiling was cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. In ilis way ilc cicaiion ol aii is piovcd. Wlcn ii is said ilai aii is
cicinal ilc inicniion is ilai ii is so only iclaiivc io somc oilci ilings. Aii was
discusscd in a scpaiaic suiia and noi discusscd iogcilci wiil cilci. Tlis was donc
io laciliiaic ilc aigumcni ol Suiia 9.
Adhikarana 3
The EfernaI Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Is Nof Creafed
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (6.2.1) alliims:
sad cva saumycdam
"O gcnilc onc, in ilc bcginning ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc
cxisicd."
A doubi may aiisc aboui ilis siaicmcni. Was ilc cicinal Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad cicaicd oi noi' Piadlana, malai-iaiiva, and many oilci ilings ilai aic
causcs oi cicaiois ol oilci ilings wcic cicaicd, so pcilaps ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad was also cicaicd ai somc poini. Tlis may bc so bccausc ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is noi ically dillcicni liom ilcsc oilci causcs.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias addicsscs ilis doubi.
Sufra 8
asamblavas iu saio 'nupapaiicl
asamblaval-ilc siaic ol noi bcing cicaicd; iu-indccd; saial-ol ilc cicinal
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; anupapaiicl-bccausc ol impossibiliiy
Indccd, ilc cicinal Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad was ncvci cicaicd, loi sucl
a cicaiion is impossiblc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic ciilci io icmovc doubi oi alliim ilc iiuil
ol ilis siaicmcni. Tlc cicinal Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad was ncvci cicaicd.
Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains: "anupapaiicl" (bccausc ilai is impossiblc). Tlcic is
no cicaioi ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bccausc ii is illogical and
inappiopiiaic io assumc ilc cxisicncc ol sucl a cicaioi. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic.
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.9) cxplains:
sa laianam laianadlipadlipo
na casya lascij janiia na cadlipal
"ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc causc ol all causcs. Hc is ilc ling
ol all oilci causcs. No onc is His cicaioi. No onc is His ling."
Ii is noi possiblc io say ilai bccausc all oilci causcs aic cicaicd by somciling
clsc ilcicloic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad musi lavc bccn cicaicd by
somconc clsc, loi sucl a siaicmcni coniiadicis ilcsc woids ol ilc Siuii-sasiia. A
iooi causc ol cvciyiling musi bc acccpicd, loi il ii is noi ilcn ilcic is an uncnding
clain ol causcs. ly dcliniiion ilc iooi causc ol cvciyiling docs noi lavc anoilci
causc, a iooi liom wlicl ii las spiung. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc Sanllya-suiia
(1.67) in ilcsc woids:
mulc mulablavai
"Tlis is so bccausc ilc iooi causc ol cvciyiling is noi causcd by anoilci iooi
causc."
In ilis way ilc doubi ilai pcilaps ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
cicaicd by somconc clsc is clcaily icluicd. lccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is ilc liisi causc ol all causcs, by dcliniiion Hc is noi causcd by somconc
clsc. Howcvci, ilc sccondaiy causcs, sucl as ilc avyalia and ilc malai-iaiiva aic
all cicaicd by anoilci causc. Tlc suiias cxplaining ilai cilci and ilc oilci
maiciial clcmcnis wcic all cicaicd wcic givcn as cxamplcs ol ilis gcncial iiuil.
Adhikarana +
Fire Is Manifesfed From Air
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alici concluding ilis discussion, wc will considci wlai sccms io bc a
coniiadiciion in ilc Siuii-sasiia's dcsciipiion ol liic. Clandogya Upanisad (6.2.3)
cxplains:
iai icjo 'sijaia
"Tlcn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd liic."
In ilis way ii is cxplaincd ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd liic.
Howcvci, ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1.3) cxplains:
vayoi agnil
"Iiom aii, liic is manilcsicd."
Tlcsc woids cxplain ilai aii cicaicd liic. Somconc may say ilai in ilis sccond
quoic ilc woid "vayol" is in ilc ablaiivc casc (mcaning "alici liic"), and in ilis
way ilcic is no coniiadiciion bccausc boil clcmcnis wcic cicaicd by ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and liic was cicaicd alici aii was cicaicd.
Considciing ilai somconc may say ilis, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias spcals ilc
lollowing woids.
Sufra 9
icjo 'ias iaila ly ala
icjal-liic; aial-liom ilai; iaila-so; ly-indccd; ala-said.
Iiic comcs liom ii. Indccd, ii said ilai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Iiom aii comcs liic. Tlis is conliimcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia, wlicl cxplains:
vayoi agnil
"Iiom aii comcs liic."
Tlc woid "sambluia" is uscd lcic. Tlc usc ol ilai woid slows ilai ilc
mcaning is ilai liom aii liic is cicaicd. Also, ilc piimaiy mcaning ol ilc ablaiivc-
casc is "liom". Il ilc piimaiy mcaning ol a woid malcs scnsc, ilcn ilc piimaiy
mcaning slould bc acccpicd. In ilai ciicumsiancc ilc sccondaiy mcaning slould
noi bc acccpicd. As will bc cxplaincd laici, ilis siaicmcni docs noi coniiadici ilc
siaicmcni ilai cvciyiling is cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Adhikarana 5
Wafer Is Manifesfed From Fire
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi dcsciibcs ilc oiigin ol waici. In somc placcs ilc sciipiuics
alliim ilai waici is manilcsicd liom liic, and in oilci placcs ilc sciipiuics do noi
agicc wiil ilis idca. In ilis way a doubi aiiscs. To icmovc ilis doubi, ilc auiloi
ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing cxplanaiion.
Sufra 10
apal
apal-waici.
Waici.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
To ilis suiia slould bc addcd ilc picvious suiia's pliasc "aias iaila ly ala"
(Waici comcs liom ii. Indccd ii said ilai.) Tlis mcans ilai waici is manilcsicd
liom liic. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ii. Clandogya Upanisad
(6.2.3) cxplains:
iad apo 'sijaia
"Iiic cicaicd waici."
Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1) also cxplains:
agnci apal
"Iiom liic waici was manilcsicd."
Tlcsc iwo quoics aic clcai and nccd no claboiaic cxplanaiion. Wly waici
comcs liom liic is cxplaincd in ilc lollowing woids ol Clandogya Upanisad:
iasmad yaiia lva ca socaii svcdaic va puiusas icjasa cva iad adly apo jayanic
"Hcai malcs a pcison pioducc waici. Tlis is so wlcn a pcison pcispiics oi
wccps."
Adhikarana 6
Earfh Is Manifesfed From Wafer, and fhe Word "Anna" in fhe Chandogya
Upanisad Means "Earfh"
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ii is said:
ia apa ailsania balvayal syama piajaycmalii ia annam asijania
"Waici ilougli: I slall bccomc many. I slall lailci many clildicn.' Tlcn
waici cicaicd anna."
Wlai is ilc mcaning ol ilc woid "anna" lcic' Docs ii mcan "bailcy and oilci
lood", oi docs ii mcan caiil"'
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ii is said:
iasmad yaiia lvacana vaisaii iad cva bluyisilam annam blavaiy adblya cva iad
adly annadyam jayaic
"Tlcicloic, wlcncvci ii iains ilcic is abundani anna. In ilis way anna is
pioduccd by waici."
Tlis passagc sccms, ilcicloic, io suppoii ilc idca ilai ilc woid "anna" lcic
mcans baicly and oilci lood". To cxplain ilc piopci mcaning lcic, ilc auiloi ol
ilc suiias spcals ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 11
piilivy-adlilaia-iupa-sabdaniaicblyal
piilivi-caiil; adlilaia-conicxi; iupa-coloi; sabda-quoics liom ilc Siuii-
sasiia; aniaicblyal-bccausc ol oilci.
"lccausc iis coloi, iis conicxi, and oilci quoics liom ilc Siuii-sasiia, all
conliim ilai caiil is ilc piopci mcaning.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc mcaning "caiil" slould bc acccpicd. Wly' lccausc ol ilc conicxi and
oilci icasons. Ii slould bc acccpicd bccausc ilc conicxi (adlilaia) ol ilc passagc
is a dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc livc maiciial clcmcnis. Ii is also so, bccausc
ilc "anna" lcic is dcsciibcd as bcing blacl in coloi (iupa), in ilc woids:
yai lisnam iad annasya
"Tlai anna is blacl in coloi."
Ii is also so bccausc in oilci sciipiuics (sasiianiaicblyal) ii is said (in ilc
Taiiiiiya Upanisad):
adblyal piiliv
"Iiom waici, caiil is manilcsicd."
Tlc passagc: "Tlcicloic, wlcncvci ii iains ilcic is abundani anna. In ilis way
anna is pioduccd by waici," clcaily uscs ilc woid "anna" io mcan "lood".
Howcvci, bccausc ilis passagc is in ilc conicxi ol a dcsciipiion ol ilc livc maiciial
clcmcnis bcing manilcsicd onc liom ilc oilci, ilc "lood" lcic is a mciaploi loi
"caiil". Tlus ilc iwo mcanings "lood" and "caiil" combinc in ilc woid "anna" in
ilis passagc.
Adhikarana 7
The EIemenfs Are Manifesfed From fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana

Tlc dcsciipiion lcic, ilai ilc maiciial clcmcnis aic manilcsicd in a paiiiculai
scqucncc, bcginning wiil cilci, is givcn io icmovc coniiovcisy in icgaid io ilc
scqucncc in wlicl ilc clcmcnis aic manilcsicd. Tlc laci ilai ilc piadlana, malai-
iaiiva, and all ilc clcmcnis aic cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las
alicady bccn piovcd in suiia 1.1.2 (janmady asya yaial). Now ilc auiloi ol ilc
suiias bcgins a moic dciailcd dcsciipiion ol ilai cicaiion. In ilc Subala Upanisad ii
is said:
iad alul lim iad asi iasmai sa lovaca na san nasan na sad asad iii iasmai iamal
sanjayaic iamaso bluiadii bluiadci alasam alasad vayui vayoi agnii agnci apo
'dblyal piiliv iad andam ablavai
"Tlcy said: Wlai was in ilc bcginning' Hc icplicd: In ilc bcginning was
nciilci cxisicncc noi non-cxisicncc. Noiling cxisicd and noiling did noi cxisi. In
ilc bcginning ilcic was dailncss. Iiom ilc dailncss ilc oiigin ol ilc maiciial
clcmcnis was boin. Iiom ilc oiigin ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis, cilci was boin.
Iiom cilci, aii was boin. Iiom aii, liic was boin. Iiom liic, waici was boin. Iiom
waici, caiil was boin. In ilis way ilc cgg ol ilc maiciial univcisc was cicaicd."
Hcic ii slould bc undcisiood ilai alsaia, avyalia, malai-iaiiva, ian-maiias,
and maiciial scnscs slould also bc placcd, in ilis scqucncc, bciwccn dailncss and
cilci. Tlis slould bc donc io complcmcni ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Agnimalaya:
sandagdlva saivani bluiani piilivy apsu pialyaic. apas icjasi pialyanic. icjo
vayau pialyaic. vayui alasc pialyaic. alasam indiiycsv indiiyani ian-maiicsu ian-
maiiani bluiadau vilyanic. bluiadii malaii vilyaic. malan avyalic vilyaic.
avyaliam alsaic vilyaic. alsaiam iamasi vilyaic. iama cl-blavaii paiasmin.
paiasman na san nasan na sad asai.
"Wlcn ilc all ilc clcmcnis aic buincd up, caiil mcigcs inio waici, waici
mcigcs inio liic, liic mcigcs inio aii, aii mcigcs inio cilci, cilci mcigcs inio ilc
scnscs, ilc scnscs mcigc inio ilc ian-maiias, ilc ian-maiias mcigc inio ilc oiigin
ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis, ilc oiigin ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis mcigcs inio ilc
malai-iaiiva, ilc malai-iaiiva mcigcs inio ilc avyalia, ilc avyalia mcigcs inio
ilc alsaia, and ilc alsaia mcigcs inio ilc gicai dailncss. Tlcn ilc gicai dailncss
bccomcs onc wiil ilc Supicmc. In ilc Supicmc is nciilci cxisicncc noi non-
cxisicncc. Noiling cxisis and noiling docs noi cxisi."
Tlc woid "oiigin ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis" lcic mcans "ilc lalsc-cgo". Ialsc-
cgo is ol ilicc linds. Iiom lalsc-cgo in ilc modc ol goodncss, ilc mind and ilc
dcmigods aic manilcsicd. Iiom lalsc-cgo in ilc modc ol passion, ilc maiciial
scnscs aic manilcsicd. Iiom lalsc-cgo in ilc modc ol ignoiancc aic manilcsicd ilc
ian-maiias, liom wlicl aic manilcsicd ilc cilci and ilc oilci clcmcnis. In ilis
way ilcsc dillcicni cxplanaiions all coiioboiaic cacl oilci.
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
puivam ly clam cvadviiyam bialmasi. iasmad avlyaiam vyaliam cvalsaiam
iasmad alsaian malan malaio va alanlaias iasmad alanlaiai panca-ian-maiiani
icblyo bluiani iaii aviiam alsaiam blavaii.
"lcloic ilc maiciial woild was manilcsi, only ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, wlo is onc wiiloui a sccond, cxisicd. Iiom Him camc ilc avyalia.
Iiom ilc avyalia camc ilc alsaia. Iiom ilc alsaia camc ilc malai-iaiiva. Iiom
ilc malai-iaiiva camc lalsc-cgo. Iiom lalsc-cgo camc ilc livc ian-maiias. Iiom
ilcm camc ilc maiciial clcmcnis. Tlc alsaia is lillcd wiil all ilcsc."
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc piadlana and oilci paiis ol ilis scqucncc aiisc onc
liom ilc oilci oi do ilcy all aiisc diiccily liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad'
Puivapalsa: Tlcy aiisc liom cacl oilci, loi ilai is ilc siaicmcni ol ilc icxis.
Siddlania (ilc conclusion): Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs His conclusion in
ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 12
iad ablidlyanad cva iu ial lingai sal
iai-ilai; ablidlyanai-bccausc ol mcdiiaiion; cva-indccd; iu-indccd; iai-
ilai; lingai-bccausc ol ilc body; sal-Hc.
lccausc ol mcdiiaiion and bccausc ol ilc body, ii is indccd Hc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd io dispcl doubi. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is ilc masici ol all poicncics, including ilc poicncy ol gicai dailncss,
ilc poicncy ilai bcgins ilc maiciial cicaiion. Hc is ilc diicci causc, and ilc
piadlana, caiil, and oilci lcaiuics ol ilc maiciial cicaiion aic cllccis cicaicd by
Him. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ol mcdiiaiion and bccausc ol ilc
body."
Tlc Siuii-sasiia cxplains:
so 'lamayaia balu syam piajaycya
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsiicd: Lci Mc bccomc many. Lci mc
cicaic ilc maiciial woild."
Tlus, ii is by ilc dcsiic ol ilc all-powcilul Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
ilai ilc piadlana and oilci lcaiuics ol ilc maiciial woild aic cicaicd. Tlai is low
Hc is ilc causc ol ilc maiciial woild. Also, ilc maiciial woild is ilc body ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cnicis ilc
gicai dailncss ol ilc maiciial woild and iiansloims ii inio piadlana and ilc
oilcis aspccis ol maiici. In ilis scnsc ilc maiciial woild is His body. Tlis is
conliimcd by ilc Aniaiyami-bialmana ol ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad, and also
by ilc Subala Upanisad, wlicl cxplains:
yasya piiliv saiiam
"Tlc woild is ilc body ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Adhikarana 8
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Is fhe Cause of Maffer's Transformafions
Sufra 13
vipaiyaycna iu liamo 'ia upapadyaic ca
vipaiyaycna-by ilc icvcisc; iu-indccd; liamal-scqucncc; aial-liom ilis;
upapadyaic-is manilcsicd; ca-and.
Indccd, ilis scqucncc is also icvciscd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. In ilc Mundala Upanisad
(2.1.3) ii is said:
ciasmaj jayaic piano manal saivcndiiyani ca. llam vayui jyoiii apal piiliv
visvasya dlaiin
"Iiom Him aic boin lilc, mind, all ilc scnscs, cilci, aii, liic, waici, and caiil,
ilc suppoii ol ilc woild."
In ilc Subala Upanisad, ilc scqucncc is icvciscd, wiil piadlana and malai-
iaiiva coming liisi. Lvciyiling aciually comcs liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Hc is picscni wiilin cvciyiling, bcginning wiil ilc lilc-aii and cnding
wiil caiil, and wlcn onc lcaiuic ol cicaiion comcs liom anoilci, ilc sccond
lcaiuic aciually comcs liom ilc all-powcilul Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
picscni wiilin ilc liisi lcaiuic. Il ilis wcic noi so, ilcn ilcsc iwo dillcicni
vcisions would coniiadici cacl oilci. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc
oiigin ol all and ilc cicaioi ol all. ly lnowing Him cvciyiling bccomcs lnown.
Tlc piadlana and oilci lcaiuics ol maiici, bcing incii and unconscious, cannoi by
ilcmsclvcs cicaic clangcs in ilc maiciial woild. Tlai is wly ilc woid "ca" (also)
is uscd lcic. Tlcicloic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is in cvciy casc ilc
ical causc ol ilcsc iiansloimaiions in ilc maiciial woild.
Adhikarana 9
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Is fhe Creafor of Mind and InfeIIigence
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icmovcs a spccilic doubi.
Sufra 1+
aniaia vijnana-manas-liamcna ial-lingad iii ccn naviscsai
aniaial-in ilc middlc; vijnana-lnowlcdgc; manas-and mind; liamcna-
wiil ilc scqucncc; iai-ol ilai; lingai-bccausc ol ilc sign; iii-ilus; cci-il;
na-noi; aviscsai-bccausc ol noi bcing dillcicni.
Il ii is said ilai ilc scqucncc ol mind and iniclligcncc appcais in ilis way, ilcn
I icply: No. lccausc ilcy aic noi dillcicni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "vijnana" lcic mcans "ilc maiciial scnscs ol ilc condiiioncd soul".
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi piopci io assumc ilai ilis quoiaiion liom
Mundala Upanisad (icxi 2.1.3 quoicd in ilc picvious puipoii) suppoiis ilc idca
ilai all ilc lcaiuics ol ilc maiciial woild aic diiccily cicaicd by ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll. Tlc lisi givcn in ilai vcisc mcicly givcs ilc
scqucncc in wlicl ilosc maiciial lcaiuics wcic manilcsicd. Ii says ilai liisi comc
ilc maiciial scnscs and ilcn comcs ilc mind. Tlis docs noi mcan ilai cvciyiling
comcs diiccily liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Wly noi' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "na viscsai" (bccausc ilcy aic noi dillcicni). Tlis mcans ilai ilc maiciial
scnscs and ilc mind aic noi dillcicni liom ilc lilc-loicc, ilc clcmcni caiil, oi any
ol ilc oilci maiciial lcaiuics. Tlcy lavc all comc diiccily liom ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis passagc ilc lilc-loicc and all ilc oilci maiciial
lcaiuics all comc liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad (ciasmai=liom Him).
Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlc lollowing sciipiuic quoics also dcclaic ilai ilc clcmcnis
aic all cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad:
so 'lamayaia balu syam piajaycya
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsiicd: Lci Mc bccomc many. Lci mc
cicaic ilc maiciial woild."
ciasmaj jayaic pianal
"Tlc lilc-loicc and cvciyiling clsc was manilcsicd liom ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In ilc llagavad-gia (10.S) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll
dcclaics:
alam saivasya piablavo
maiial saivam piavaiiaic
"I am ilc souicc ol all spiiiiual and maiciial woilds. Lvciyiling cmanaics liom
mc."
In ilc Vamana Puiana ii is said:
iaiia iaiia siliio visnus
iai iac claliim piabodlayci
cla cva mala-saliil
luiuic saivam anjasa
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Loid Visnu, cnicis cvciywlcic and
awalcns ilc powci doimani in cvciyiling. Hc is ilc supicmcly powcilul onc. Hc
docs cvciyiling pcilccily."
In ilis way ii is slown ilai piadlana and all oilci maiciial lcaiuics all comc
diiccily liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlai laci is noi ai all
coniiadicicd by ilc scqucncc ol cvcnis picscnicd in ilc Subala Upanisad and ilc
oilci sciipiuics. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc
cicaioi ol ilc oiiginal maiciial dailncss, ilc piadlana and ilc oilci lcaiuics ol
ilc maiciial woild. Tlus wlcn ilc sciipiuic says iai icjo 'sijaia (Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd liic), ii is undcisiood ilai Hc also cicaicd
dailncss, a losi ol oilci poicncics, piadlana, aii, and oilci aspccis ol maiici.
Wlcn ilc sciipiuics say iasmad vai (Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
cvciyiling las comc), ii is undcisiood ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
ilc masici ol maiciial dailncss and a losi ol oilci poicncics, ilc piadlana and
oilci lcaiuics ol maiici wcic boin liom Him, and ilc maiciial clcmcni cilci was
also manilcsicd liom Him.
Adhikarana 10
AII Words Are Names of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai il Loid Haii is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc masici ol all, and ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul, ilcn
ilc namcs ol all ilai is moving and incii would also bc namcs ol Him' Howcvci,
ilis is noi so, loi woids aic piimaiily ilc namcs ol ilc vaiious moving and incii
ilings.
Tlinling ilai somconc may acccpi ilis idca ilai woids aic piimaiily namcs ol
vaiious ilings and only sccondaiily namcs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing cxplanaiion.
Sufra 15
caiacaia-vyapasiayas iu syai iad-vyapadcso 'blalias iad-blava-blaviivai
caia-moving; acaia-and unmoving; vyapasiayal-ilc abodc; iu-indccd;
syai-may bc; iai-ol ilai; vyapadcsal-namc; ablalial-noi liguiaiivc; iai-ol
Him; blava-ilc naiuic; blaviivai-bccausc ol bcing in ilc luiuic.
Indccd, Hc icsidcs in all ilai movc and docs noi movc. Tlcicloic ii will bc
lcaincd ilai cvciy woid is onc ol His namcs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid "caiacaia-
vyapasiayal" mcans ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad icsidcs in all
moving and unmoving bcings. Tlc woid "iad-vyapadcsal" mcans "ilc namcs ol
ilc moving and unmoving bcings". Tlc woid ablalial" mcans "ilcsc namcs aic
piimaiily namcs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad". Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "blava-blaviivai" (ilc ical mcaning ol namcs will bc lcaincd in ilc
luiuic). Tlis mcans ilai by siudying ilc sciipiuics onc will comc io undcisiand
ilai all woids aic namcs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc Siuii-sasiias
cxplain:
so 'lamayaia balu syam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsiicd: Lci Mc bccomc many. Lci mc
cicaic ilc maiciial woild."
sa vasudcvo na yaio 'nyad asii
"Hc is ilc all-pcivading Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Noiling is dillcicni
liom Him."
In ilc Visnu Puiana (3.7.16) ii is said:
laiala-muluia-lainiladi-blcdail
lanalam ablcdam apsyaic yailailam
suia-pasu-manujadi-lalpanablii
laiii allilablii udiyaic iailailal
"As goldcn biacclcis, ciowns, caiiings, and oilci goldcn oinamcnis aic all onc
bccausc ilcy aic all madc ol gold, so all dcmigods, mcn, and animals aic onc wiil
Loid bccausc ilcy aic all madc ol Loid Haii's poicncics."
Tlc mcaning is ilis: Namcs ol poicncics aic piimaiily ilc namcs ol ilc masici
ol ilcsc poicncics. Tlis is so bccausc ilc masici is ilc vciy scll ol His poicncics.
Adhikarana 11
The IndividuaI Spirif SouIs Are EfernaI and Wifhouf Beginning
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc Hc is ilc oiigin ol cvciyiling, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las
no oilci oiigin liom wlicl Hc was cicaicd. Tlis las alicady bccn dcsciibcd. Now
wc will dciciminc ilc naiuic ol ilc individual spiiii soul. Iiisi ilc idca ilai ilc
individual soul las an oiigin will bc icluicd.
In ilc Taiiiiiya Aianyala, Mala-Naiayana Upanisad (1.+) ii is said:
yaial piasuia jagaial piasui
ioycna jvan vyasasaija blumyam
"Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc univcisc was boin. Wiil waici
Hc cicaicd ilc living cniiiics on ilc caiil."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ii is said:
san-mulal saumycmal saival piajal
"O gcnilc onc, all living cniiiics lavc ilcii ioois in ilc Supicmc."
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc individual spiiii souls lavc an oiigin oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc Hc is ilc cicaioi ol ilc maiciial
univcisc, wlicl coniains boil scniicni living cniiiics and inscniicni maiici, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad musi bc ilc cicaioi ol ilc individual spiiii souls.
Any oilci idca would bc illogical.
Siddlania (conclusion): Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing
conclusion.
Sufra 16
naima siuici niiyaivac ca iablyal
na-noi; aima-ilc individual spiiii soul; siuicl-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia;
niiyaivai-bccausc ol bcing cicinal; ca-and; iablyal-liom ilcm.
lccausc ilc individual spiiii soul is cicinal, and bccausc ol ilc siaicmcnis ol
Siuii-sasiia and oilci sciipiuics, ilis idca aboui ilc individual spiiii soul is noi
iiuc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc individual spiiii soul was ncvci cicaicd. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains:
"siuicl" (bccausc ol ilc siaicmcnis ol Siuii-sasiia). In Kaila Upanisad (1.2.1S) ii
is said:
na jayaic miiyaic va vipascin
nayam luiascin na babluva lascii
ajo niiyal sasvaio 'yam puiano
na lanyaic lanyamanc saiic
"O wisc onc, loi ilc soul ilcic is nciilci biiil noi dcail ai any iimc. Hc las
noi comc inio bcing, docs noi comc inio bcing, and will noi comc inio bcing. Hc is
unboin, cicinal, cvci-cxisiing, and piimcval. Hc is noi slain wlcn ilc body is
slain."
Tlai ilc individual spiiii soul was ncvci boin is also dcclaicd in ilc
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (1.9):
jnajnau dvav ajav sansau
"Nciilci ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad noi ilc individual spiiii souls
wcic cvci boin."
Tlc woid "iablyal" in ilc suiia mcans "ilc cicinaliiy ol ilc individual spiiii
soul is dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii and Smiii -sasiias". Tlc woid "ca" (and) in ilc suiia
mcans ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is also conscious and lull ol lnowlcdgc.
In ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.5.13) ii is said:
niiyo niiyanam ccianas cciananam
"Ol all cicinal living souls ilcic is onc wlo is ilc lcadci. Ol all cicinal souls
ilcic is onc wlo is ilc lcadci."
In ilc llagavad-gia ilc Supicmc Loid cxplains:
ajo niiyal sasvaio 'yam puianal
"Tlc soul is unboin, cicinal, cvci-cxisiing, and piimcval."
Tlcicloic, wlcn ii is said, "Yajnadaiia is boin and again lc dics," sucl woids
iclci only io ilc cxicinal maiciial body. Tlc jaia-laima ccicmony and oilci
ccicmonics lilc ii also iclci io ilc cxicinal maiciial body. Tlc individual spiiii
soul is dillcicni liom ilc cxicinal maiciial body and icsidcs in ii lilc a passcngci.
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.S) ii is said:
sa va ayam puiuso jayamanal saiiam ablisampadyamanal sa uiliaman
miiyamanal
"Ai ilc momcni ol biiil ilc spiiii soul cnicis a maiciial body and ai ilc
momcni ol dcail ilc soul lcavcs ilc body."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.11.3) ii is said:
jvopciam vava lilcdam miiyaic na jvo miiyaic
"Tlc soul icsidcs in ilc maiciial body. Wlcn ilc body dics ilc soul docs noi
dic."
Hcic somconc may objcci: How can ilis bc' Il ilis is so, ilcn ilis laci disagiccs
wiil ilc sciipiuial dcsciipiion ol ilc individual souls' cicaiion.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlc individual spiiii souls aic said io bc cicaicd
bccausc ilcy aic cllccis ol ilc Supicmc. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las
iwo poicncics, and ilcsc aic said io bc His cllccis. Hcic is wlai malcs ilcsc iwo
poicncics dillcicni. Onc poicncy is ilc piadlana and oilci incii, unconscious, noi
alivc poicncics ilai aic mcani io bc objccis ol cnjoymcni and vaiious cxpciicnccs.
Tlc oilci poicncy is ilc individual spiiii souls, wlo aic noi incii, dull maiici, bui
aic conscious, alivc bcings, and wlo aic ablc io cnjoy and pciccivc vaiious
cxpciicnccs. Tlcsc iwo poicncics slaic onc common lcaiuic: ilai ilcy aic boil
ilc cllccis ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis way ilc sciipiuial
dcsciipiion ol ilc souls' cicaiion is noi coniiadicicd. In ilis way ilc sciipiuics aic
coiicci, and in ilis way, also, ilc individual spiiii souls aic ncvci boin.
Adhikarana 12
The IndividuaI Spirif SouIs Are Bofh KnowIedge and Knowers
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias considcis ilc naiuic ol ilc individual spiiii soul.
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.7.22) ii is said:
yo vijnanc iisilan
"Tlc individual spiiii soul is siiuaicd in lnowlcdgc."
In anoilci passagc ii is said:
sullam alam asvapsam na lincid avcdisi
"I slcpi lappily. I did noi lnow anyiling."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc individual spiiii soul unalloycd lnowlcdgc only, oi is
ilc soul ilc lnowci ilai cxpciicnccs lnowlcdgc'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc individual spiiii soul consisis ol
lnowlcdgc only. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc siaicmcni ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(3.7.22): "Tlc individual spiiii soul is siiuaicd in lnowlcdgc." Tlc soul is noi ilc
lnowci oi ilc pciccivci ol lnowlcdgc. Tlc iniclligcncc is ilc lnowci. Tlcicloic
siaicmcni, "I slcpi lappily. I did noi lnow anyiling." is spolcn by ilc
iniclligcncc, noi by ilc soul.
Siddlania (conclusion): Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing
conclusion.
Sufra 17
jno 'ia cva
jnal-lnowci; aial cva-ilcicloic.
Tlcicloic lc is ilc lnowci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc individual spiiii soul is boil lnowlcdgc and lnowci. In ilc Piasna
Upanisad (+.9) ii is said:
csa li diasia spiasia sioia iasayiia gliaia mania boddla laiia vijnanaima puiusal
"Tlc individual spiiii soul is ilc scci, ilc iouclci, ilc lcaici, ilc iasici, ilc
smcllci, ilc ilinlci, ilc dciciminci, ilc doci, and ilc lnowci."
Tlis iiuil is acccpicd bccausc ii is dcclaicd by sciipiuic, noi bccausc ii is
undcisiood by logic. Oui acccpiancc ol ilc iiuil ol sciipiuic is dcsciibcd in suiia
2.1.27:
siuics iu sabda-mulaivai
"Tlc siaicmcnis ol Siuii-sasiia aic ilc iooi ol ical lnowlcdgc."
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
jnaia jnana-svaiupo 'yam
"Tlc individual spiiii soul is boil lnowci and lnowlcdgc."
Tlcicloic ilc individual spiiii soul is noi lnowlcdgc alonc wiiloui bcing
anyiling clsc, and ilis is noi ai all piovcd by ilc siaicmcni, "I slcpi lappily. I did
noi lnow anyiling," loi sucl an idca would coniiadici ilcsc sciipiuic siaicmcnis
ilai alliim ilc soul io bc ilc lnowci. Tlcicloic ii is concludcd ilai ilc individual
spiiii soul is boil lnowlcdgc and lnowci.
Adhikarana 13
The IndividuaI Spirif SouIs Are Afomic
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias considcis ilc sizc ol ilc individual spiiii souls. In
ilc Mundala Upanisad (3.1.9) ii is said:
cso 'nui aima cciasa vcdiiavyo yasmin pianal pancadla samvivcsa
"Wlcn ilc lilc-bicail wiildiaws ilc livc aciiviiics, ilc mind can undcisiand
ilc aiomic soul."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc individual spiiii soul aiomic oi all-pcivading'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc individual spiiii soul is all-pcivading.
lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.1+) dcclaics ilai ilc soul is "malan" (gicai). Tlc
siaicmcni ilai ilc soul is aiomic is mcicly a pociic mciaploi.
Siddlania (conclusion): Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc conclusion in ilc
lollowing woids.
Sufra 18
uilianii-gaiy-againam
uilianii-dcpaiiuic; gaii-iiavcl; againam-and ol iciuin
lccausc ol dcpaiiuic, iiavcl, and iciuin.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis suiia ilc woid "anul" (ilc aiomic soul) slould bc undcisiood liom ilc
picvious suiia. In ilis suiia ilc gcniiivc casc is uscd in ilc scnsc ol ilc ablaiivc.
Tlc individual spiiii soul is aiomic and noi all-pcivading. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "lccausc ol dcpaiiuic, iiavcl, and iciuin."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.2) ii is said:
iasya laiiasya lidayasyagiam piadyoiaic. icna piadyoicnaisa aima nisliamaii
calsuso va muidlno vanycblyo va saiia-dcscblyal
"Tlc soul slincs in ilc lcaii. Ai ilc momcni ol dcail ilc cllulgcni soul lcavcs
iliougl ilc opcning ol ilc cycs, ilc opcning ai ilc iop ol ilc ilc lcad, oi anoilci
opcning in ilc body."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.11) ii is said:
ananda nama ic lola
andlcna iamasaviial
iams ic piciyabligacclanii
avidvamso 'budla janal
"Sinlul lools cnici inio plancis lnown as ilc woilds ol ioimcni, lull ol dailncss
and ignoiancc."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.6) ii is said:
piapyaniam laimanas iasya
yai linccdam laioiy ayam
iasmai lolai punai ciya
yasmai lolaya laimanc
"Ai ilc iimc ol dcail ilc soul icaps ilc icsulis ol lis woils. Hc gocs io ilc
woild wlcic lc dcscivcs io go. Wlcn ilc icsulis ol lis pasi dccds aic cxlausicd,
again lc iciuins io ilc middlc plancis, ilc woild ol laima."
In ilis way ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad dcsciibcs ilc soul's iiavcl liom onc
placc io anoilci. Il lc wcic all-pcivading, ilc soul would noi bc ablc io iiavcl liom
onc placc io anoilci, loi lc would alicady bc cvciywlcic.
In Simad-llagavaiam (10.S7.30) ii is said:
apaiimiia dliuvas ianu-bliio yadi saiva-gaias
iaili na sasyaicii niyamo dliuva nciaiaila
"O Loid, alilougl ilc living cniiiics wlo lavc acccpicd maiciial bodics aic
spiiiiual and unlimiicd in numbci, il ilcy wcic all-pcivading ilcic would bc no
qucsiion ol ilcii bcing undci Youi coniiol."
Howcvci, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, alilougl all-pcivading, can
iiavcl liom placc io placc. Tlis is possiblc bccausc Hc posscsscs inconccivablc
powcis.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc individual spiiii soul can bc all-pcivading and
unmoving, and siill, bccausc lc misialcnly idcniilics wiil ilc cxicinal maiciial
body, imaginc ilai lc gocs and comcs. Hc is lilc ilc iulci ol a villagc wlo ncvci
ically lcavcs lis icalm.
To ilis ilc icply is givcn: lccausc ii is said ilai lc boil dcpaiis and iciuins ii
is noi possiblc ilai ilc soul is aciually siaiionaiy and unmoving. Tlc auiloi ol ilc
suiias conliims ilis in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 19
svaimanas coiiaiayol
sva-own; aimanal-ol ilc soul; ca-and; uiiaiayol-ol ilc laiici iwo.
Also bccausc ilc lasi iwo iclci io ilc soul.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Hcic ilc woid "uiiaiayol" (ilc
lasi iwo) mcans "ol ilc coming and going". Tlc coming and going lcic dcliniicly
occuis io ilc individual spiiii soul. Tlis is so bccausc ilc coming and going in ilc
pcivious suiia clcaily iclci io an agcni, io ilc pciloimci ol ilc aciion. Tlc coming
and going lcic aic undcisiood io bc coming and going liom a maiciial body. Tlis
is clcaily sccn in ilc liisi lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.2) passagc quoicd in ilc
picvious puipoii. Ii is also sccn in ilc lollowing woids ol llagavad-gia (15.+):
saiiam yad avapnoii
yac capy uiliamaisvaial
gilivaiiani samyaii
vayui gandlan ivasayai
"Tlc living cniiiy in ilc maiciial woild caiiics lis dillcicni conccpiions ol lilc
liom onc body io anoilci as ilc aii caiiics aiomas. Tlus lc ialcs onc lind ol body
and again quiis ii io ialc anoilci."
Il somconc says ilai ilc soul aciually ncvci gocs anywlcic, alilougl ii sccms
io go placcs bccausc ol ilc misidcniilicaiion ol ilc cxicinal maiciial body as ilc
scll, ilcn I say ilis is a loolisl idca. In ilc lollowing woids ilc Kausiial Upanisad
icluics ilis idca:
sa yadasmai saiiai samuiliamaii salaivaiiail saivaii uiliamaii
"Ai ilc iimc ol dcail ilc soul, accompanicd by all lis powcis, lcavcs ilc
maiciial body."
Tlc woid "sala" (accompanicd by) is uscd wlcn ilc moic impoiiani is
accompanicd by anoilci ol lcssci impoiiancc. An cxamplc is ilc scnicncc:
"Accompanicd by (sala) lis son, ilc lailci iool lis mcal." Anoilci cxamplc is in
llagavad-gia (15.+), wlicl dcclaics ilai ilc soul caiiics lis dillcicni conccpiions
ol lilc liom onc body io anoilci as ilc aii caiiics aiomas. In ilis way ilc loolisl
cxamplc puslcd loiwaid by ilc impcisonalisis, ilc cxamplc ol ilc aii in ilc jai
and in ilc sly, is clcaily icluicd.
Sufra 20
nanui aiac cliuici iii ccn nciaiadlilaiai
na-noi; anul-aiom; aiai-noi ilai; siuicl-liom ilc sciipiuics; iii-ilus;
cci-is; na-noi; iiaia-oilci; adlilaiai-bccausc ol bcing appiopiiaic.
Il ii is claimcd ilai ilc Siuii-sasiia dcnics ilc idca ilai ilc soul is aiomic, ilcn
I icply ilai ii is noi so, bccausc ilosc dcsciipiions apply io somconc clsc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is noi
aiomic' Alici all, ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) alliims:
sa va csa mala-jana aima
"Tlc soul is vciy gicai."
Alici all, io bc gicai in sizc is ilc vciy opposiic ol bcing aiomic.
Il somconc claims ilis, ilcn ilc suiia icplics: "No. Ii is noi so." Wly noi' Tlc
suiia cxplains: "iiaia" (bccausc ilcsc dcsciipiions apply io somconc clsc). Tlcsc
woids aic dcsciipiions ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc all-pcivading
Supcisoul. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.7) ii is said:
yo 'yam vijnanamayal piancsu
"Hc is lull ol lnowlcdgc. Hc siays among ilc lilc-aiis."
Alilougl ilis passagc bcgins by dcsciibing ilc individual spiiii soul, ii
piocccds wiil a dcsciipiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, as is sccn in a
lollowing passagc (lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.3.13):
yasyanuviiial piaiibuddla aima
"Hc is ilc scll wlo lnows cvciyiling."
Tlcsc woids clcaily dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and noi ilc
individual spiiii soul.
Sufra 21
sva-sabdonmanablyam ca
sva-own; sabda-woid; unmanablyam-wiil mcasuic; ca-and.
lccausc ol iis woid and mcasuicmcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "sva-sabda" (ilc woid dcsciibing ii) lcic mcans ilai ilc woid
aiomic is uscd io dcsciibc ilc individual spiiii soul. An cxamplc ol ilis is in
Mundala Upanisad (2.1.9):
cso 'nui aima
"Tlc soul is aiomic in sizc."
Tlc woid "unmana" lcic mcans "Iis mcasuicmcni is aiomic in sizc". Tlc
piccisc mcasuicmcni ol ilc individual spiiii soul is givcn in ilc Svciasvaiaia
Upanisad (+.9):
balagia-saia-blagasya
saiadla lalpiiasya ca
blago jval sa vijncyal
sa canianiyaya lalpaic
"Wlcn ilc uppci poini ol a laii is dividcd inio onc lundicd paiis and again
cacl ol ilcsc paiis is luiilci dividcd inio onc lundicd paiis, cacl sucl paii is ilc
mcasuicmcni ol ilc dimcnsion ol ilc spiiii soul."
In ilcsc iwo ways ilc aiomic sizc ol ilc soul is piovcd. ilc woid ananiya" lcic
mcans "libciaiion". "Ania" mcans "dcail", and "an" mcans "wiiloui". Tlcicloic
ilc woid "ananiya" mcans "ilc condiiion ol bcing licc liom dcail".
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai il ii is aiomic in sizc and siiuaicd in
a spccilic placc in ilc maiciial body, ilc soul could noi pciccivc scnsaiions in all
oilci paiis ol ilc body, wlcic ilc soul is noi aciually picscni'
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 22
aviiodlas candana-vai
aviiodlal-noi coniiadiciing; candana-sandal; vai-lilc
Ii docs noi coniiadici. Ii is lilc sandal pasic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As a diop ol sandal pasic placcd on onc paii ol ilc body biings a plcasani
scnsaiion io ilc body as a wlolc, so ilc soul, alilougl siiuaicd in onc placc,
pciccivcs wlai lappcns in ilc cniiic body. Tlcicloic, ilcic is no coniiadiciion. In
ilc lialmanda Puiana ii is said:
anu-maiio 'py ayam jval
sva-dclam vyapya iisilaii
yaila vyapya saiiani
laiicandana-vipiusal
"As ilc scnsaiion cicaicd by a diop ol sandal pasic pcivadcs ilc cniiic body, so
ilc individual spiiii soul, alilougl aiomic in sizc, is conscious ol wlai lappcns in
ilc cniiic body."
Sufra 23
avasiliii-vaiscsyad iii ccn nablyupagamad dlidi li
avasiliii-abodc; vaiscsyai-bccausc ol bcing spccilic; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-
noi; ablyupagamai-bccausc ol acccpiancc; lidi-in ilc lcaii; li-cciiainly.
Il ii is dcnicd bccausc ii las no spccilic abodc, ilcn I say no, bccausc ii icsidcs
in ilc lcaii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc diop ol sandal pasic las a singlc,
clcaily visiblc, placc wlcic ii icsidcs on ilc body bui ilc soul las no sucl singlc
icsidcncc in ilc body' Tlcic is no icason io malc gucsscs aboui ilc locaiion ol
ilc soul in ilc body. Tlc soul is clcaily picscni cvciywlcic in ilc body, jusi as ilc
clcmcni cilci is picscni cvciywlcic. Tlcicloic ilc sandal-pasic cxamplc is clumsy
and wiong.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics: "No. Ii is noi
so." Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ii icsidcs in ilc lcaii." Tlis mcans
ilai ilc soul ically docs icsidc in a singlc placc in ilc maiciial body. Tlc soul
icsidcs in ilc lcaii. Tlis is conliimcd in ilc lollowing woids ol Piasna Upanisad
(3.6):
lidi ly csa aima
"Tlc soul icsidcs in ilc lcaii."
In ilc linal conclusion ilc spiiii soul, alilougl aiomic in sizc is, in onc scnsc,
all-pcivading iliougloui ilc cniiic maiciial body. Tlis is cxplaincd in ilc
lollowing suiia.
Sufra 2+
gunad valolavai
gunai-by qualiiy; va-oi; alola-ligli; vai-lilc.
ly qualiiy oi lilc ligli.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl ilc soul is aiomic in sizc, ii pcivadcs ilc body by ilc qualiiy ol
consciousncss. Lilc ligli ii pcivadcs ilc cniiic body. As ilc sun, alilougl siiuaicd
in onc placc, lills ilc univcisc wiil ligli, so ilc soul lills ilc body wiil
consciousncss. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll dcclaics ilis in
llagavad-gia (13.3+):
yaila pialasayaiy clal
liisnam lolam imam iavil
lsciiam lscii iaila liisnam
pialasayaii blaiaia
"O son ol llaiaia, as ilc sun alonc illuminaics all ilis univcisc, so docs ilc
living cniiiy, onc wiilin ilc body, illuminaic ilc cniiic body by consciousncss."
Wlcn ilc sun cmanaics sunligli ii docs noi losc any aioms liom iis mass, noi
docs ii bccomc diminislcd in any way. Rubics and oilci jcwcls also cmanaic ligli
wiiloui losing aioms liom ilcii mass oi bccoming diminislcd in any way. Ii is noi
possiblc io say ilai wlcn ligli is cmanaicd liom ilcm ilcsc ilings bccomc
diminislcd in sizc. Tlc ligli ilcy cmanaic is ilcii qualiiy, noi ilcii mass.
Tlc qualiiy can lunciion in a planc apaii liom ilc subsiancc ilai posscsscs ii.
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias cxplains ilis in ilc lollowing cxamplc.
Sufra 25
vyaiiiclo gandlavai iaila li daisayaii
vyaiiiclal-dillcicncc; gandla-liagiancc; vai-lilc; iaila-so; li-indccd;
daisayaii-slows.
As a liagiancc is in a dillcicni placc, so ii is also in a dillcicni placc. Tlis ilc
sciipiuic slows.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As ilc liagiancc ol llowcis oi oilci objccis may iiavcl io a placc lai liom iis
souicc, so ilc consciousncss ilai cmanaics liom ilc soul may iiavcl liom ilc lcaii
and cnici ilc lcad, lcci, oi oilci paiis ol ilc body. Tlc Kausiiali Upanisad (3.6)
cxplains:
piajnaya saiiam samaiulya
"ly consciousncss ilc soul is all-pcivading in ilc maiciial body."
Lvcn ilougl ilc liagiancc may iiavcl vciy lai ii is ncvci aciually scpaiaicd
liom iis souicc, jusi as ilc ligli ol a jcwcl is also noi scpaiaicd liom iis souicc. In
ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
upalablyapsu ccd gandlam
lccid biuyui anaipunal
piilivyam cva iam vidyad
apo vayum ca samsiiiam
"Tlcy wlo do noi undcisiand may somciimcs say ilai liagiancc is picscni in
waici. Laiil is ilc naiuial lomc ol liagiancc, alilougl ii may somciimcs ialc
slclici ol waici oi aii."
In ilc Piasna Upanisad (+.9) ii is said:
csa li disia
"Tlc soul is ilc pcison wlo sccs."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc consciousncss ilai ilc soul posscsscs cicinal oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc soul is by naiuic unconscious. Ii is lilc
a sionc. Consciousncss only aiiscs wlcn ilc soul comcs in coniaci wiil ilc mind.
Tlis is sccn in ilc sciipiuics' siaicmcni: "I slcpi lappily. I was noi conscious ol
anyiling." Tlis siaicmcni slows ilai consciousncss is noi an inlcicni qualiiy ol
ilc soul bui iailci is aiiaincd by coniaci wiil somciling clsc. Ii is lilc iion and
liic. Wlcn placcd in liic, an iion iod giadually assumcs ilc qualiiics ol liic. Il ii
wcic an inlcicni qualiiy ol ilc soul, ilcn consciousncss would noi bc losi in dccp
slccp.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
ilc conclusion.
Sufra 26
piilag-upadcsai
piilal-scpaiaic; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling.
lccausc ilcic is a spccilic icacling.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc soul is conscious cicinally. How is ilai lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains:
"lccausc ilcic is a spccilic icacling." Somc cxamplcs ol ilai icacling lollow.
In ilc Piasna Upanisad (+.9) ii is said:
csa li disia
"Tlc soul sccs cicinally."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.5.1+) ii is said:
avinas va aic ayam aimanuciiii-dlaima
"Tlc soul's consciousncss is ncvci dcsiioycd."
Tlc soul docs noi bccomc conscious mcicly by coniaci wiil ilc mind, loi soul
and mind aic boil indivisiblc and cannoi iniciaci. Tuining away liom ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc soul obscuics iis naiuial spiiiiual
lnowlcdgc. Tuining iowaids ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc soul icvivcs
iis naiuial spiiiiual consciousncss. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc Smiii-sasiia:
yaila na liiyaic jyoisna
mala-pialsalanan mancl
dosa-pialanan na jnanam
aimanal liiyaic iaila
"As by wasling away ilc diii ilai covcicd a jcwcl, ilc jcwcl's splcndoi is noi
cicaicd bui mcicly uncovcicd, so by icmoving ilc diii ol maiciialism ilai covcicd
ilc soul, ilc soul's splcndoi is noi cicaicd, bui mcicly uncovcicd.
yailodapana-llananai
liiyaic na jalaniaiam
sad cva niyaic vyaliim
asaial samblaval luial
"As by digging a wcll, waici is biougli loiil bui noi cicaicd, so by spiiiiual
aciiviiics ilc naiuic ol ilc soul is biougli loiil bui noi cicaicd. How would ii bc
possiblc io cicaic ilc ilc soul's qualiiics liom noiling'
iaila lcya-guna-dlvamsad
avaiodladayo gunal
pialasyanic na janyanic
niiya cvaimano li ic
"Wlcn maiciial laulis aic dcsiioycd, ilc soul's qualiiics bccomc icvcalcd. Tlc
soul's qualiiics aic cicinal. ilcy aic ncvci cicaicd."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlcsc quoics liom sciipiuic mcicly slow ilai ilc
soul is synonymous wiil consciousncss. Tlcy do noi piovc ilai ilc soul iiscll is
conscious.
To ilis objcciion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 27
iad-guna-saiaivai iad vyapadcsal piajna-vai
iai-ol ilai; guna-qualiiy; saiaivai-bccausc ol bcing ilc csscncc; iai-ilai;
vyapadcsal-dcsignaiion; piajna-iniclligcni; vai-lilc.
Ii is callcd ilai bccausc ilai is iis csscniial naiuic, jusi as Hc wlo is iniclligcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilc soul is consciousncss iiscll, ilcicloic ii is conscious. Wly is ilai'
Tlc suiia cxplains: "Ii is callcd ilai bccausc ilai is iis csscniial naiuic."
In ilis suiia ilc woid "guna" (qualiiy) iclcis io ilc soul's qualiiy ol
consciousncss. Tlc woid "saia" mcans "ilc csscniial naiuic ol ilc iling, ilc
abscncc ol wlicl malcs ilc iling non-cxisicni." Tlc woid "piajna-vai" mcans
"Lilc Loid Visnu, wlo is lnown as piajna" (all-lnowing) bccausc Hc is all
lnowlcdgc. lccausc Hc is all-lnowlcdgc pcisonilicd, Loid Visnu is said io lnow
cvciyiling. In ilc samc way, bccausc ilc soul is consciousncss pcisonilicd,
ilcicloic ilc soul is conscious. Tlai ilc siaicmcnis "ilc soul is consciousncss
pcisonilicd" and "ilc soul is conscious" mcan ilc samc iling is also conliimcd in
ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra 28
yavad aima-blaviivac ca na dosas iad-daisanai
yavai-as long as; aima-ol ilc soul; blaviivai-bccausc ol cxisicncc; ca-and;
na-noi; dosal-lauli; iai-ol ilai; daisanai-bccausc ol ilc sigli.
Ii cxisis as long as ilc soul cxisis. Tlcic is no lauli in ilis, bccausc ii is clcaily
sccn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcic is no lauli in saying ilai ilc iwo scnicnccs ilc soul is consciousncss"
and "ilc soul is conscious" mcan ilc samc iling. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "Ii cxisis as long as ilc soul cxisis. Tlcic is no lauli in
ilis, bccausc ii is clcaily sccn." Tlc soul's consciousncss cxisis loi as long as ilc
soul cxisis. As long as ilc soul cxisis, ilc soul's consciousncss will noi bc
dcsiioycd. Tlc soul cxisis cicinally, wiiloui a bcginning oi cnd in iimc, and ilc
soul's consciousncss also cxisis cicinally. Tlc sun may bc givcn lcic as an
cxamplc. Tlc sun is boil ligli and ilc biingci ol ligli. As long as ilc sun cxisis ii
will lavc ilcsc iwo lcaiuics, wlicl aic aciually noi dillcicni. In ilc samc way ilc
soul is boil consciousncss and conscious.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai consciousncss is boin liom ilc
modcs ol maiciial naiuic' Is ii noi iiuc ilai, bccausc ii docs noi cxisi in ilc siaic
ol dicamlcss slccp, consciousncss is noi cicinal' Is ii noi iiuc ilai cvcn wlcn ilc
living cniiiy is lully awalc lis consciousncss is in laci cicaicd by a baiiagc ol
vaiious scnsc-objccis'
Il ilcsc objcciions aic iaiscd, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics in ilc lollowing
woids.
Sufra 29
pumsivadi-vai iv asya saio 'blivyalii-yogai
pumsiva-viiiliiy; adi-bcginning wiil; vai-lilc; iu-bui; asya-ol lim;
saial-ol ilc cxisiing; ablivyalii-yogai-bccausc ol manilcsiaiion.
lui lilc viiiliiy and oilci ilings ii cxisis and ilcn is manilcsi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid "na" (Ii is noi lilc
ilai) is undcisiood in ilis suiia. Ii is noi iiuc ilan consciousncss is non-cxisicni
in dicamlcss slccp and only cxisis in ilc waling siaic. Wly is ilai' ilc suiia
cxplains: "lui lilc viiiliiy and oilci ilings ii cxisis and ilcn is manilcsi." In ilc
siaic ol dicamlcss slccp ilc soul's consciousncss cxisis in a doimani siaic, and in
ilc siaic ol walclulncss ilai doimani consciousncss bccomcs lully manilcsicd.
Hcic ilc suiia givcs ilc cxamplc ol viiiliiy. In clildlood viiiliiy and oilci
qualiiics associaicd wiil ii cxisi in a doimani siaic. Tlcn, ai ilc bcginning ol
adulilood, ilcy bccomc manilcsicd. In ilc samc way consciousncss is doimani in
dicamlcss slccp and lully manilcsicd in ilc waling siaic. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc
lollowing woids ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.30):
yad vai ian na vijanaii vijanan vaiiad vijncyam na vijanaii na li vijnaiui vijnanai
vipaiilopo vidyaic avinasiivan na iu iad dviiyam asii iaio 'nyad viblaliam yad
vijanyai
"In ilc siaic ol dicamlcss slccp ilc soul is boil conscious and unconscious.
Tlc soul is always conscious, and consciousncss can ncvci bc scpaiaicd liom ii,
bccausc ilc soul and iis consciousncss can ncvci bc dcsiioycd. Siill, in ilc siaic ol
dicamlcss slccp no objcci is picscnicd bcloic ilc soul loi ii io bc conscious ol."
Wlcn ilcic is no objcci loi consciousncss io pciccivc, ilcn consciousncss is
doimani. Tlcicloic in dicamlcss slccp consciousncss is doimani. Wlcn ilc scnscs
coniaci ilc scnsc-objccis, ilcn consciousncss bccomcs manilcsicd. Had ii noi
cxisicd in a doimani siaic duiing dicamlcss slccp, consciousncss could noi lavc
manilcsicd iiscll in ilc waling siaic, jusi as a pcison boin a cunucl cannoi
manilcsi viiiliiy ai ilc bcginning ol adulilood. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc
individual spiiii soul is aiomic, is consciousncss, and is conscious cicinally.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics ilc ilcoiy ol ilc sanllya plilosoplcis.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc individual spiiii soul consciousncss and noiling clsc'
Is ilc individual spiiii soul all-pcivading'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc individual spiiii soul is all-pcivading.
Tlis is so bccausc ilc icsulis ol iis aciions aic sccn cvciywlcic. Had ii bccn
aiomic, ilc soul would bc unablc io pciccivc ilc pains and plcasuics picscni in
dillcicni paiis ol ilc body. Had ii bccn ol a mcdium sizc, ilc soul would noi bc
cicinal. Tlcicloic ilc individual spiiii soul musi bc all-pcivading.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
ilc piopci conclusion.
Sufra 30
niiyopalabdly-anupalabdli-piasango 'nyaiaia-niyamo vanyaila
niiya-cicinal; upalabdli-pciccpiionl; anupalabdli-non-pciccpiion;
piasangal-icsuli; anyaiaia-oilciwisc; niyamal-icsiiiciion; va-oi; anyaila-
oilciwisc.
Oilciwisc ilcic would bc cicinal consciousncss, cicinal unconsciousncss, oi
ilc limiicd cxisicncc ol onc oi ilc oilci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Il ilc soul wcic only consciousncss and noiling clsc, and il ii wcic all-
pcivading, ilcn ilc soul would bc ciilci always conscious oi always unconscious.
Liilci ilai oi ilcic would bc a limiicd cxisicncc ol onc oi ilc oilci. Tlis is ilc
mcaning: Ii is clcai io ilc cniiic woild ilai consciousncss and unconsciousncss
boil cxisi. Il ilc causc ol ilis wcic a soul ilai is consciousncss only and also all-
pcivading, ilcn consciousncss and unconsciousncss would boil bc pciccivcd
simuliancously ai cvciy momcni by ilc cniiic woild. Il ilis all-pcivading soul
wcic ilc causc ol consciousncss only and noi unconsciousncss, ilcn no onc would
cvci bc unconscious, and il ilis all-pcivading soul wcic ilc causc ol
unconsciousncss only and noi consciousncss, ilcn no onc would cvci bc
conscious.
Ii cannoi bc said ilai consciousncss is cicaicd by coniaci wiil ilc scnscs and
unconsciousncss is cicaicd wlcn ilcic is no coniaci wiil ilc scnscs, bccausc il ilc
soul is all-pcivading ilcn ii would bc always in coniaci wiil ilc scnscs.
Iuiilcimoic, il ilc individual spiiii soul wcic all-pcivading ilcn cvciyonc would
simuliancously cxpciicncc ilc pains and plcasuics ol cvciyonc clsc. Il ilis wcic so
ilcic would bc no mcaning io individual cxpciicncc, individual dcsiic, oi
individual dcsiiny. Tlis cllcciivcly icluics ilc ilcoiy ilai ilc individual spiiii soul
is all-pcivading.
Howcvci, oui ilcoiy, wlicl alliims ilai ilc spiiii soul is aiomic in sizc and
dillcicni in cacl maiciial body, is noi icluicd by ilcsc considciaiions. Alilougl
aiomic in sizc, ilc individual spiiii soul can aci in any placc, alilougl ii cannoi aci
in cvciy placc simuliancously. ly iis qualiiy ol consciousncss ilc individual spiiii
soul can pcivadc iis maiciial body and pciccivc ilc lappincss and oilci scnsaiions
picscni in ilc vaiious paiis ol ilc maiciial body.
Adhikarana 1+
The IndividuaI Spirif SouI Performs Acfions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias will considci anoilci poini. In ilc Taiiiiiya
Upanisad (2.5.1) ii is said:
vijnanam yajnam ianuic. laimani ianuic 'pi ca.
"Consciousncss pciloims yajnas. Consciousncss pciloims aciions."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc individual soul, indicaicd in ilis passagc by ilc
woid "consciousncss", pciloim aciions oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.1S) ii is said:
lania ccn manyaic lanium
laias ccn manyaic laiam
ublau iau na vijaniau
nayam lanii na lanyaic
"Nciilci lc wlo ilinls ilc living cniiiy ilc slayci noi lc wlo ilinls ii slain is
in lnowlcdgc, loi ilc scll slays noi noi is slain."
Tlcsc woids clcaily dcclaic ilai ilc individual spiiii soul ncvci pciloims
aciions. In ilc llagavad-gia (3.27) ii is said:
pialiicl liiyamanani
gunail laimani saivasal
alanlaia-vimudlaima
laiialam iii manyaic
"Tlc spiiii soul bcwildcicd by ilc inllucncc ol lalsc-cgo ilinls limscll ilc doci
ol aciiviiics ilai aic in aciualiiy caiiicd oui by ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial
naiuic."
In ilc llagavad-gia (13.21) ii is also said:
laiya-laiana-laiiiivc
laiul pialiiii ucyaic
puiusal sulla-dulllanam
bloliiivc lciui ucyaic
"Naiuic is said io bc ilc causc ol all maiciial causcs and cllccis, wlcicas ilc
living cniiiy is ilc causc ol ilc vaiious sullciings and cnjoymcnis in ilis woild."
Tlcicloic ilc individual spiiii soul docs noi pciloim aciions. Wlcn a pcison
undcisiands ilc iiuil lc undcisiands ilai all aciions aic aciually pciloimcd by ilc
maiciial cncigy and ilc individual spiiii soul is mcicly ilc pcison wlo
cxpciicnccs ilc liuiis ol aciion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
ilc piopci conclusion.
Sufra 31
laiia sasiiaiilavai-ivai
laiia-ilc doci; sasiia-ol ilc sciipiuics; aiila-mcaning; vai-posscssing;
ivai-bccausc ol laving ilc naiuic.
Hc pciloims aciions. Tlis is so bccausc ilc sciipiuics aic mcaninglul.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii is ilc individual spiiii soul wlo pciloims aciions, noi ilc modcs ol maiciial
naiuic. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ilc sciipiuics aic mcaninglul."
In ilc sciipiuics ii is said:
svaiga-lamo yajcia
"A pcison wlo dcsiics Svaigalola slould pciloim yajnas."
and
aimanam cva lolam upasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlcsc siaicmcnis lavc mcaning only il ilc individual spiiii soul docs aciually
pciloim aciions. Il all aciions aic pciloimcd by ilc modcs ol naiuic and ilc
individual spiiii soul ncvci docs anyiling, ilcsc siaicmcnis ol ilc sciipiuics aic
mcaninglcss. Tlcsc siaicmcnis ol sciipiuic aic inicndcd io moiivaic ilc individual
spiiii soul io aci in a cciiain way so lc can cnjoy ilc icsulis ol lis aciions. Ii is noi
cvcn possiblc in ilis way io iiy io moiivaic ilc incii maiciial modcs io aci in any
way ai all.
Tlai ilc individual spiiii soul docs aciually pciloim aciions is also conliimcd
in ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra 32
vilaiopadcsai
vilaia-ol pasiimcs; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling.
lccausc ol ilc icacling aboui pasiimcs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3) dcsciibcs ilc aciiviiics ol ilc libciaicd souls:
sa iaiia paiycii jalsan lidan iamamanal
"In ilc spiiiiual woild ilc individual spiiii soul cais, plays, and cnjoys."
Tlcicloic aciion by iiscll docs noi biings pain and unlappincss io ilc soul,
iailci ii is ilc bondagc ol ilc ilicc modcs ol naiuic ilai biings unlappincss. Tlis
is so bccausc ilc ilicc modcs ol naiuic obscuic ilc icaliiy ol ilc soul's spiiiiual
naiuic.
Sufra 33
upadanai
upadanai-bccausc ol ialing.
lccausc ol ialing.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.1.1S) ii is said:
sa yaila mala-iajal . . . cvam cvaisa cian pianan giliva svc saiic yaila-lamam
paiivaiiaic
"In ilc dicaming siaic ilc individual spiiii soul acis lilc a ling. Tlc soul giasps
ilc lilc-aiis and docs as ii wislcs."
In ilc llagavad-gia (15.S) ii is also said:
gilivaiiani samyaii
vayui gandlan ivasayai
"Tlc living cniiiy in ilc maiciial woild caiiics lis dillcicni conccpiions ol lilc
liom onc body io anoilci as ilc aii caiiics aiomas. Tlus lc ialcs onc lind ol body
and again quiis ii io ialc anoilci."
In ilcsc passagcs ii is sccn ilai ilc individual spiiii soul docs pciloim aciions,
loi ilc soul movcs ilc lilc-aiis as a magnci movcs iion. Tlc lilc-aiis may movc
many ilings, bui ii is ilc individual spiiii soul wlo movcs ilc lilc-aiis. Noiling
clsc movcs ilcm.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias now givcs anoilci icason.
Sufra 3+
vyapadcsac ca liiyayam na ccn niidcsa-vipaiyayal
vyapadcsai-bccausc ol dcsignaiion; ca-and; liiyayam-in aciion; na-mpi;
cci-il; niidcsa-giammaiical consiiuciion; vipaiyayal-dillcicni.
Also bccausc ol ilc namc in ilc aciion. Il ilis wcic noi so ilc giammaiical
siiuciuic would bc dillcicni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.5.1) ii is said:
vijnanam yajnam ianuic. laimani ianuic 'pi ca.
"Consciousncss pciloims yajnas. Consciousncss pciloims aciions."
Tlcsc woids clcaily slow ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is ilc piimaiy
pciloimci ol Vcdic and oidinaiy aciions. Il ilc woid "vijnanam" is inicipicicd io
mcan noi ilc individual spiiii soul, bui ilc iniclligcncc, ilcn ilc giammaiical
siiuciuic ol ilc scnicncc would bc dillcicni. Tlcn ilc woid vijnana" would bc in
ilc insiiumcnial casc, loi ilc iniclligcncc would bc ilc insiiumcni by wlicl ilc
aciion is pciloimcd. Howcvci, ilc woid is noi in ilc insiiumcnial casc. Il ilc
iniclligcncc wcic ilc pciloimci ol ilc aciion lcic, ilcn anoilci woid musi bc
givcn in ilc insiiumcnial casc io slow wiil wlai insiiumcni ilc iniclligcncc
pciloims ilc aciion, loi ilcic musi bc an insiiumcni in cvciy aciion. Howcvci, il
ilc individual spiiii soul is ilc pciloimci ol ilc aciion ilcic is noi nccd loi
anoilci woid in ilc insiiumcnial casc io slow ilc insiiumcni uscd, loi in ilai
siiuaiion ilc individual spiiii soul is boil ilc pciloimci ol ilc aciion and ilc
insiiumcni cmploycd.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc individual spiiii soul, bcing
indcpcndcni and ablc io aci as lc lilcs, will naiuially aci loi lis own wcllaic and
will noi pciloim aciions ilai biing lim laim'
To ilis I icply: No. Ii is noi lilc ilai. Tlc individual spiiii soul dcsiics io
bcnclii limscll, bui bccausc lis pasi laima acis againsi lim, lc somciimcs cicaics
lis own misloiiunc.
Ioi ilcsc icasons ii is clcai ilai ilc individual spiiii soul cciiainly pciloims
aciions. Wlcn ilc sciipiuics somciimcs say ilai ilc individual spiiii soul docs noi
pciloim aciions, ilc mcaning is ilai ilc soul is noi indcpcndcni and licc io do
cxacily cvciyiling lc wislcs.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is ilc
pciloimci ol aciions, loi ii is clcaily sccn ilai ilcsc aciions olicn biing lim
sullciing.
To ilis I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Il ilc individual spiiii soul is noi ilc
pciloimci ol aciions, ilcn ilc sciipiuial dcsciipiions ol ilc daisa, pauinamassa,
and oilci yajnas would noi malc any scnsc.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics ilc idca ilai maiciial
naiuic is ilc ical pciloimci ol aciions.
Sufra 35
uplabdli-vad aniyamal
uplabdli-consciousncss; vai-lilc; aniyamal-uncciiainiy.
As in ilc siiuaiion ol consciousncss, ii would bc indcliniic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In picvious suiias ii was slown ilai il ilc individual spiiii soul wcic all-
pcivading, ilcn consciousncss would bc vaguc and indcliniic. In ilc samc way il
all-pcivading maiciial naiuic wcic ilc solc pciloimci ol all aciions, ilcn all
aciions would biing ilc samc icsuli io all spiiii souls simuliancously. Clcaily ilis
is noi so. Also, ii could noi bc said ilai ilc individual spiiii soul would nccd io bc
ncai ilc placc wlcic a cciiain aciion was pciloimcd in oidci io cxpciicncc ilc
icsuli ol ilai aciion. Tlc sanllya plilosoplcis cannoi say ilis, loi in ilcii ilcoiy
cacl individual spiiii soul is all-pcivading and is ilus alicady ncai ilc placcs
wlcic all aciions aic pciloimcd.
Sufra 36
salii-vipaiyayai
salii-ol powci; vipaiyayai-bccausc ol dillcicncc.
lccausc ilc powci is clangcd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Il ilc maiciial naiuic is ilc pciloimci ol aciions, ilcn maiciial naiuic musi also
cxpciicncc ilc good and bad icsulis ol ilosc aciions. Howcvci, ilc Svciasvaiaia
Upanisad (1.S) alliims:
blolii-blavai
"Tlc individual spiiii soul cnjoys ilc good and bad icsulis ol aciions."
In ilis way ilc idca ilai ilc maiciial naiuic is ilc pciloimci ol aciions is
icluicd. lccausc ilc individual spiiii soul cnjoys ilc good and bad icsulis ol
aciions, ilc individual spiiii soul musi also bc ilc pciloimci ol ilosc aciions.
Sufra 37
samadly-ablavac ca
samadli-ol libciaiion; ablavai-bccausc ol ilc non-cxisicncc; ca-also.
Also bccausc ilcic is no libciaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Aciions aic mcani io biing onc io libciaiion liom ilc maiciial woild. lccausc ii
is noi possiblc loi ilc maiciial naiuic io aci in sucl a way and aiiain sucl a goal,
ilc idca ilai ilc maiciial naiuic is ilc pciloimci ol aciions cannoi bc cniciiaincd.
Libciaiion mcans undcisianding ilc iiuil "I am dillcicni liom maiici". lccausc ii
is unconscious, and also bccausc ii ically is maiici, ii is noi possiblc loi ilc
maiciial naiuic io comc io ilis undcisianding. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc
individual spiiii soul is ilc pciloimci ol aciions.
Adhikarana 15
Acfivify Is fhe SouI's Nafure
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs an cxamplc io slow ilai
ilc individual spiiii soul pciloims aciions, using oilci iis own poicncy, oi somc
oilci insiiumcni io pciloim ilcm.
Sufra 38
yaila ca ialsoblayaila
yaila-as; ca-and; ialsa-caipcnici; ublayaila-in boil ways.
In boil ways lilc a caipcnici.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As a caipcnici pciloims aciions, cmploying boil lis own powci and a losi ol
iools, so docs ilc individual spiiii soul, cmploying boil lis own powci and ilc
vaiious lilc-aiis. Tlus ilc soul cmploys ilc maiciial body and oilci insiiumcnis
also, io pciloim aciions. Ii is ilc puic spiiii soul wlo ilus uscs ilc modcs ol
maiciial naiuic io pciloim aciions. Tlai is wly ilc sciipiuics somciimcs say ilai
ilc modcs ol maiciial naiuic aic ilc pciloimci ol aciions.
Tlai ilc individual spiiii soul is indccd ilc pciloimci ol aciions is conliimcd
in llagavad-gia (13.22), wlcic ii is said:
laianam guna-sango 'sya
sad-asad-yoni-janmasu
"Tlc living cniiiy in maiciial naiuic ilus lollows ilc ways ol lilc, cnjoying ilc
ilicc modcs ol naiuic. Tlus lc mccis wiil good and cvil among ilc vaiious
spccics."
Tlcsc woids cxplain ilc sciipiuic passagcs ilai dcclaic ilc modcs ol naiuic io
bc ilc pciloimcis ol aciion. Ii is loolisl loi a pcison io ilinl limscll ilc solc
pciloimci ol aciion and ignoic ilc livc laciois ol aciion. Ol couisc ii is noi ilai ilc
individual spiiii soul ncvci pciloims any aciion. Tlc idca ilai ilc soul ncvci docs
anyiling is clcaily icluicd by ilc many sciipiuial siaicmcnis uiging ilc soul io aci
sucl a way ilai lc may aiiain libciaiion. Wlcn in ilc llagavad-gia (2.19) ilc
Loid says:
nayam lanii na lanyaic
"Tlc scll slays noi noi is slain."
ilai docs noi mcan ilai ilc individual spiiii soul ncvci pciloims any aciion, bui
iailci ilai ilc cicinal spiiii soul can ncvci bc cui oi slain. Tlc mcaning ol ilc
siaicmcni ilai ilc soul ncvci acis las ilus alicady bccn cxplaincd.
In boil ilis lilc and ilc ncxi ilc dcvoiccs pciloim vaiious aciions ol dcvoiional
scivicc io ilc Loid. lccausc ilcsc aciions aic licc liom ilc ioucl ol ilc modcs ol
naiuic, bccausc ilcy aic undci ilc juiisdiciion ol ilc Loid's spiiiiual poicncy and
bccausc ilcy lcad io libciaiion, ilcsc aciions aic said noi io bc aciion, loi ilcy aic
noi maiciial aciions. Tlis is cxplaincd by ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll in ilcsc
woids:
saiivilal laialo 'sang
iagandlo iajasal smiial
iamasal smiii-vibliasio
niiguno mad-apasiayal
"Onc wlo acis wiiloui aiiaclmcni is in ilc modc ol goodncss. Onc wlo is
blindcd wiil dcsiic is in ilc modc ol passion. Onc wlosc iniclligcncc is biolcn is
in ilc modc ol ignoiancc. Onc wlo ialcs slclici ol Mc is licc liom ilc giip ol ilc
modcs ol naiuic."
Tlai ilc puic spiiii soul cxpciicnccs ilc icsulis ol lis aciions is dcsciibcd in
llagavad-gia (13.21):
puiusal sulla-dulllanam
bloliiivc lciui ucyaic
"Tlc living cniiiy is ilc causc ol ilc vaiious sullciings and cnjoymcnis in ilis
woild."
lccausc ii is by naiuic conscious ii is ilc soul ilai cxpciicnccs ilc icsulis ol
aciions, ilc modcs ol naiuic do noi cxpciicncc ilcm. Tlis icluics ilc idca ilai ilc
modcs aic aciivc and ilc soul is noi. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ii is ilc conscious
soul wlo cxpciicnccs lappincss and oilci scnsaiions. In ilis way ilc individual
spiiii soul biings lnowlcdgc io iiscll and oilcis. loil linds ol aciion cxisi loi ilc
soul. In ilc Piasna Upanisad (+.9) ii is said:
csa li diasia spiasia sioia
"Ii is ilc soul wlo sccs, iouclcs, and lcais."
Tlus, by ilis cxamplc ol ilc caipcnici, ilc idca ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is
ilc only lacioi in aciion, and ilcic aic no oilcis, is clcaily icluicd.
Adhikarana 16
The IndividuaI Spirif SouI is Dependenf on fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now anoilci doubi is considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc individual spiiii soul indcpcndcni in lis aciions, oi
docs lc dcpcnd on anoilci'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc sciipiuics say:
svaiga-lamo yajcia
"Onc wlo dcsiics Svaigalola slould pciloim yajnas."
and
iasmad bialmanal suiam na pibci papmanoisamsija
"A bialmana slould noi diinl liquoi and slould noi commii sins."
Tlai ilc sciipiuics givc oidcis and piolibiiions loi ilc soul io lollow is piool
ilai ilc soul is indcpcndcni, loi indcpcndcncc mcans io lavc ilc powci io do onc
iling and io icliain liom doing anoilci.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 39
paiai iu iac-cliuicl
paiai-liom ilc Supicmc; iu-bui; iai-ol ilai; siuicl-liom ilc sciipiuics.
lui liom ilc Supicmc, bccausc ol ilc sciipiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd io icmovc doubi. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad inspiics ilc individual spiiii soul io aci. How is ilai lnown' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "iac-cliuicl" (Ii is lnown liom ilc sciipiuics). Tlc sciipiuics givc ilc
lollowing cxplanaiions:
anial piavisial sasia jananam
"Lniciing ilcii lcaiis, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad coniiols all living
cniiiics."
ya aimani iisilann aimanam aniaio yamayaii
"Lniciing ilcii lcaiis, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad coniiols all living
cniiiics."
csa cva sadlu laima laiayaii
"Tlc Loid cngagcs ilc living cniiiy in pious aciiviiics so lc may bc clcvaicd."
Hcic somconc may objcci: So bc ii. Howcvci, il ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is ilc aciual pciloimci ol aciions, ilcn ilc oidcis and piolibiiions ol ilc
sciipiuics aic all mcaninglcss. Tlc sciipiuics can givc oidcis and piolibiiions only
il ilc individual spiiii soul is indcpcndcni and ilus las ilc powci io malc
cloiccs.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra +0
liia-piayainapclsas iu viliia-piaiisiddlavaiyaiilyadiblyal
liia-donc; piayaina-clloii; apclsal-iclaiion; iu-bui; viliia-oidcicd;
piaiisiddla-loibiddcn; a-noi; vaiyaiilya-mcaninglcssncss; adiblyal-
bcginning.
lui ii is by clloii bccausc ilcn oidcis and piolibiiions aic noi wiiloui
mcaning.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc individual spiiii soul
pciloims pious and impious dccds. Taling inio considciaiion ilc individual soul's
clloiis, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad givcs lim laciliiy io aci in a cciiain
way. Tlcicloic ilc picviously siaicd objcciion is noi valid.
Tlc pious and impious dccds ol ilc individual spiiii soul aic lilc dillcicni
sccds ilai spioui inio dillcicni linds ol planis. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is lilc ilc iain ilai lalls on ilcsc sccds and malcs ilcm giow. Tlcicloic
in ilis siiuaiion is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc insiiumcni by wlicl
ilcsc sccds ol laima bcai liuii. Tlc sccds ol vaiious iiccs, vincs, and oilci planis
aic ilc spccilic causc ol ilcsc planis, and ilc iain ilai malcs ilcm giow is ilc
gcncial causc. Il no iaincloud biings waici ilcic will noi bc any vaiiciy ol swcci
llowcis oi oilci planis. Il ilcic is no sccd ilcic will noi any llowcis oi planis
ciilci. In ilis way ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad givcs ilc icsulis ol ilc
pious and impious dccds pciloimcd by ilc individual spiiii soul. Lvcn ilougl
dispaiclcd by anoilci, a pcison is siill ilc pciloimci ol ilc aciions lc docs.
Tlcicloic ii cannoi bc said ilai ilc individual spiiii soul docs noi pciloim aciions.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ilcn oidcis and piolibiiions aic noi
wiiloui mcaning." Tlc woid adi" (bcginning wiil) in ilis suiia mcans ilai ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad givcs mcicy and punislmcni accoiding io ilc
pious and impious aciions ol ilc individual spiiii souls. Il ilai inicipiciaiion is
acccpicd, ilcn ilc oidcis and piolibiiions ol ilc sciipiuics aic noi wiiloui
mcaning. Il ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aciually loiccs ilc individual
spiiii soul io aci piously oi impiously, and ilc soul is lilc a iocl oi a log and las
no indcpcndcncc, ilcn ilc oidcis ol ilc sciipiuic io pciloim pious dccds and
avoid impious dccds aic all woiillcss and slould bc icjccicd.
Tlc sciipiuics say ilai wlcn Hc is mcicilul ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad cngagcs ilc individual spiiii soul in pious aciiviiics so lc may bc
clcvaicd, and wlcn Hc wiildiaws His mcicy ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
cngagcs ilc individual spiiii soul in impious aciiviiics so lc may go io lcll. Il ilis
mcans ilai ilc individual living cniiiy las no cloicc, and pious and impious dccds
aic loiccd on lim by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilcn ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ciucl and unjusi, a monsici. Tlcicloic ii musi bc
concludcd ilai ilc individual spiiii soul docs lavc licc will, and is icsponsiblc loi
lis aciions, alilougl lc docs noi lavc ilc powci io iianslci lis dcsiic and will
inio concicic aciion unlcss ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad pcimiis. In ilis
way cvciyiling is cxplaincd.
Adhikarana 17
The IndividuaI Spirif SouI Is Parf and ParceI of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of
Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ncxi, io coiioboiaic ilc picvious cxplanaiion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias cxplains
ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. In ilc mundala Upanisad (3.1.1) ii is said:
dva supaina
"Tlc soul and ilc Supcisoul wiilin ilc body aic compaicd io iwo liicndly
biids siiiing iogcilci."
Tlc liisi biid lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc sccond is ilc
individual spiiii soul.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc individual spiiii soul in iiuil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, only sccming io bc dillcicni bccausc ol ilc illusion ol maya, oi is ilc
ilc individual spiiii soul paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
dillcicni liom ilc Loid, bui iclaicd io Him as a iay ol sunligli is iclaicd io ilc
sun'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Wlai is ilc iiuil' Tlc iiuil is ilc
individual spiiii soul covcicd by ilc illusion ol maya is in iiuil ilc samc as ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad' Tlc lialma-bindu Upanisad (13) cxplains:
glaia-samviiam alasam
nyamanc glaic yaila
gaio lycia nalasam
iadvaj jvo nablopamal
"Tlc spacc wiilin a jai is noi movcd wlcn ilc jai is movcd, noi is ii dcsiioycd
wlcn ilc jai is biolcn. Tlc spiiii soul is lilc ilai unbicalablc spacc."
Tlc Clandogya Upanisad also (6.S.7) alliims:
iai ivam asi
"You aic ilai."
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra +1
amso nana vyapadcsad anyaila capi dasa-liiavadiivam adlyaic clc
amsal-paii; nana-many; vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling; anyaila-
oilciwisc; ca-and; api-also; dasa-scivani; liiava-gamblci; adi-bcginning
wiil; ivam-ilc siaic ol bcing; adlyaic-is icad; clc-somc.
Hc is a paii bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol bcing many, and also bccausc somc
sciipiuics dcsciibc lim as a scivani, as a gamblci, oi as somciling clsc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc individual spiiii soul is a paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad as a iay ol sunligli is paii and paiccl ol ilc sun. Tlc individual spiiii
soul is dillcicni liom ilc Loid, dcpcndcni on ilc Loid, and iclaicd io ilc Loid.
Tlai is ilc mcaning. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion
ol bcing many." Tlc Subala Upanisad cxplains:
udblaval samblavo divyo dcva clo naiayano maia piia bliaia nivasal saianam
sulid gaiii naiayanal
"Naiayana is ilc iiansccndcnial Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Naiayana is
ilc cicaioi, dcsiioyci, moilci, lailci, bioilci, lomc, slclici, liicnd, and goal."
In llagavad-gia (9.1S) Loid Kisna dcclaics:
gaiii blaiia piablul sals
nivasal saianam sulii
"I am ilc goal, ilc susiainci, ilc masici, ilc wiincss, ilc abodc, ilc iclugc, and
ilc mosi dcai liicnd. I am ilc cicaiion and ilc annililaiion, ilc basis ol
cvciyiling, ilc icsiing placc, and ilc cicinal sccd."
Tlc woids "nana vyapadcsad" in ilis suiia dcsciibc ilc many iclaiionslips ilai
cxisi bciwccn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc individual spiiii soul,
iclaiionslips lilc ilai bciwccn ilc cicaioi and cicaicd, coniiollci and coniiollcd,
slclici and pcison wlo ialcs slclici, masici and scivani, liicnd and liicnd, and
goal and scclci. Somc passagcs in ilc Ailaiva Vcda dcclaic ilai bccausc ilc
Supicmc is all-pcivading, ilc individual spiiii souls and ilc Supicmc aic idcniical.
Tlc Ailaiva Vcda dcclaics:
bialma dasa bialma dasa bialma liiaval
"Tlcsc scivanis aic ilc Supicmc. Tlcsc lislcimcn aic ilc Supicmc. Tlcsc
gamblcis aic ilc Supicmc."
Ii is noi possiblc ilai ilis passagc inicnds io say ilai ilc individual spiiii soul
is aciually noi dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc. Ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc Supicmc is
simuliancously boil ilc cicaioi and cicaicd, ilc pcivadci and pcivadcd, noi is ii
possiblc ilai supicmcly iniclligcni Loid bccomcs a scivani oi oilci lowly bcing. Il
ii wcic iiuc ilai ilc individual spiiii souls aic idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc, ilcn ilc
sciipiuics' advicc io icnouncc ilc woild would bccomc mcaninglcss. Noi is ii
possiblc ilai ilc Supicmc las bccomc covcicd by ilc inllucncc ol illusion, loi
illusion las no powci io bcwildci ilc Loid. Noi is ii possiblc ilai ilc individual
spiiii souls aic paiis ol ilc Supicmc lilc liagmcnis cui wiil a cliscl liom a gicai
sionc, loi ilai would coniiadici ilc sciipiuics' siaicmcnis ilai ilc Supicmc can
nciilci bc biolcn noi clangcd. Tlcicloic ilc individual spiiii soul is dillcicni
liom ilc Supicmc, bui iclaicd io Him as cicaicd io cicaioi, and in oilci ways also.
Tlc individual spiiii soul is ilus a paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc. Tlc iiuil is
ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is a poicncy ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlis is dcsciibcd in Visnu Puiana (6.7.61):
visnu-saliil paia piolia
lsciiajnallya iaila paia
"Oiiginally, Kisna's cncigy is spiiiiual, and ilc cncigy lnown as ilc living
cniiiy is also spiiiiual."
Wlcn ii is said ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is a paii ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc woid "paii" is uscd in ilc samc way as in ilc
scnicncc, "Tlc ciiclc ol Vcnus is a onc-lundicdil paii ol ilc moon's ciiclc," oi ilc
samc way as in ilc dcliniiion, "A paii, alilougl siiuaicd in a smallci aica ilan ilc
wlolc, is idcniical wiil ilc wlolc in subsiancc." Tlc usc ol ilc woid "paii" lcic is
noi dillcicni liom ilai dcliniiion. Tlus ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc
masici ol all poicncics, and ilc individual spiiii soul is a paii ol ilc Loid's
spiiiiual poicncy. Tlis, by bcing a localizcd manilcsiaiion ol onc ol ilc Loid's
poicncics, ilc individual spiiii soul is a paii ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlai is ilcii iclaiionslip.
Tlc cxamplc ol ilc poi mcans ilai wlcn ilc misialcn idcniilicaiion ol ilc soul
loi ilc body is biolcn, ilc individual soul mccis ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc Clandogya Upanisad's siaicmcni "iai ivam asi" (You aic ilai)
ilcicloic mcans "You aic dcpcndcni on ilc Supicmc." Tlc conicxi ol ilai passagc
suppoiis ilis vicw. Ii docs noi suppoii any oilci inicipiciaiion. Tlcicloic ilc
individual spiiii soul and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic scpaiaic and
dillcicni. Onc is ilc coniiollci, ilc oilci ilc coniiollcd. Onc is all-pcivading, ilc
oilci aiomic in sizc. Tlis is diiccily sccn in ilc sciipiuics. Ii is noi possiblc io
piovc oilciwisc. In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi coniinucs lis cxplanaiion.
Sufra +2
maniia-vainai
maniia-ol ilc maniias; vainai-liom ilc dcsciipiion.
lccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion in ilc Vcdic maniias.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Rg Vcda (10.90.3) ii is said:
pado 'sya saiva bluiani
"All living cniiiics aic paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc."
In ilis way ilc Vcdic maniias dcclaic ilai ilc individual spiiii souls aic paii
and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc. Tlc woid pada" lcic mcans "paii". No oilci mcaning
malcs scnsc in ilis conicxi. Tlc woid "saiva bluiani" (all living cniiiics) lcic is
in ilc pluial, wlcicas ilc woid "amsal" (paii) in suiia +1 is in ilc singulai. Tlc
singulai lcic is uscd in a gcnciic scnsc io dcnoic all spiiii souls. Tlis lind ol usagc
is also sccn in many oilci placcs.
Sufra +3
api smaiyaic
api-also; smaiyaic-in ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Also in ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc llagavad-gia (15.7) Loid Kisna cxplains:
mamaivamso jva-lolc
jva-bluial sanaianal
"Tlc living cniiiics in ilis condiiioncd woild aic My cicinal liagmcnial paiis."
ly using ilc woid "sanaiana" (cicinal), ilc Loid icluics ilc idca ilai ilc living
cniiiics iclciicd io lcic aic ilc icmpoiaiy cxicinal bodics in wlicl ilc cicinal
souls icsidc. In ilis way ii is sccn ilai ilc individual spiiii souls aic paii and
paiccl ol ilc Supicmc and lavc an iclaiionslip wiil Him. ilc Supicmc is ilc
cicaioi and dominani in oilci ways also, and ilc individual spiiii souls aic
dcpcndcni on Him. Tlc naiuic ol ilc individual spiiii souls is dcsciibcd in ilc
lollowing passagc ol Padma Puiana:
jnanasiayo jnana-gunas
ccianal pialiicl paial
na jaio niivilaias ca
cla-iupal svaiupa-blal
"Tlc individual spiiii soul is ilc slclici ol lnowlcdgc, las lnowlcdgc as onc
il lis qualiiics, is consciousncss, is bcyond ilc woild ol maiici, is ncvci boin,
ncvci clangcs, and las onc loim, a spiiiiual loim.
anui niiyo vyapii-slas
cid-anandaimalas iaila
alam aiilo 'vyayal sals
blinna-iupal sanaianal
"Tlc soul is aiomic, cicinal, is picscni by consciousncss cvciywlcic in ilc
maiciial body, is by naiuic lull ol spiiiiual bliss and lnowlcdgc, las a scnsc ol
individual idcniiiy, is unclanging, is a wiincss wiilin ilc body, is cicinal, and is
dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc.
adalyo 'cclcdyo 'llcdyo
'sosyo 'lsaia cva ca
cvam-adi-gunaii yulial
scsa-bluial paiasya vai
"Tlc soul can ncvci bc buincd, cui, moisicncd, wiilcicd, oi lillcd. Ii las ilcsc
and many moic qualiiics. Ii is paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc.
ma-laicnocyaic jval
lsciia-jnal paiavan sada
dasa-bluio laici cva
nanyasyaiva ladacana
"Tlus ilc woid ma' iclcis io ilc individual spiiii soul. Tlc soul is ilc lnowci
ol ilc licld ol aciiviiics. Tlc soul is spiiiiual. Tlc soul is an cicinal scivani ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc soul is ncvci ilc scivani ol anyonc clsc.
Tlc pliasc "cvam-adi-gunail" (wiil ilcsc and many moic qualiiics) iclcis io
ilc soul's oilci qualiiics, sucl as lis abiliiy io pciloim aciions, io cxpciicncc
scnsaiions, io aiiain cnliglicnmcni, and io cnliglicn oilcis. Tlc woid
cnliglicnmcni" lcic las iwo lcaiuics. In ilc liisi lcaiuic ilc soul iiscll aiiains
cnliglicnmcni. In ilc sccond lcaiuic ilc soul biings cnliglicnmcni io oilcis. Tlai
is ilc naiuic ol ilc soul. A lamp slcds ligli on iiscll and on oilci objccis also. A
jai oi similai objcci las no powci io biing ligli. Alilougl a lamp may slinc,
bccausc ii is inanimaic maiici ii cannoi bcnclii liom iis own ligli. Tlc individual
soul, lowcvci, can bcnclii liom ilc ligli ii biings. lccausc ilc soul can ilus
bccomc illuminaicd, ii is said ilai ilc soul is spiiiiual and lull ol lnowlcdgc.
Adhikarana 18
The Lord's Incarnafions Are Nof Parf and ParceI of fhe Lord, For They Are fhe
Lord HimseIf
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Digicssing, loi ilc momcni, liom ilc main iopic, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias ncxi
considcis ilc naiuic ol ilc Loid's incainaiions. In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is
said:
clo vas saiva-gal lisna idya
clo 'pi san baludla yo 'vablaii
"Loid Kisna is ilc woislipablc, all-pcivading supicmc coniiollci, and alilougl
Hc is onc, Hc manilcsis in many loims."
In ilc Visnu Puiana (1.2.3) ii is said:
clancla-svaiupaya
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is onc, alilougl Hc las many loims."
Hcic ii is said ilai ilc Loid is onc bccausc Hc icmains onc pcison, cvcn ilougl
Hc appcais in many loims, and Hc is also callcd many bccausc ol ilc gicai vaiiciy
ol ilcsc loims. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc incainaiions ol ilc Loid, sucl as ilc incainaiion
Maisya, paii and paiccl ol ilc Loid in ilc samc way ilc individual spiiii souls aic,
oi aic Tlcy dillcicni liom ilc individual spiiii souls'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc
individual spiiii souls and ilc incainaiions ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra ++
pialasadi-van naivam paial
pialasa-ligli; adi-bcginning wiil; vai-lilc; na-noi; cvam-ilus; paial-
ilc Supicmc.
The Supreme is nof Iike Iighf or ofher fhings.
Puipoii by Sila laladcva Vidyablusana
Alilougl ilc Loid's incainaiions, sucl as Loid Maisya, aic callcd "paiis" ol ilc
Supicmc, Tlcy aic noi lilc ilc individual spiiii souls. Hcic ilc auiloi ol ilc
suiias givcs and cxamplc: "Tlc Supicmc is noi lilc ligli oi oilci ilings." As ilc
sun and a liiclly may boil bc callcd "ligli", bui aic in iiuil vciy dillcicni, and as
ncciai and winc may boil bc callcd "liquid", bui in iiuil aic vciy dillcicni, so ilc
individual spiiii souls and ilc incainaiions ol ilc Loid do noi lavc a similai
naiuic, bui aic vciy dillcicni.
Sufra +5
smaianii ca
smaianii-ilc Smiii-sasiias say; ca-and.
Tlc Smiii-sasiias also say ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Vaiala Puiana ii is said:
svamsas caila viblinnamsa
iii dvcdlamsa isyaic
amsino yai iu samaiilyam
yai-svaiupam yaila siliiil
"Ii is said ilai ilcic aic iwo linds ol paiis and paiccls ol ilc Supicmc: diicci
paiis and scpaiaicd paiis. Diicci paiis lavc cxacily ilc samc naiuic as ilc Loid.
iad cva nanumaiio 'pi
blcdal svamsamsino lvacii
viblinnamso 'lpa-saliil syai
lincii samaiilya-maiia-yul
"Scpaiaicd paiis aic dillcicni liom ilc Loid. Tlcy aic aiomic in sizc and lavc
vciy sligli powcis.
saivc saiva-gunail puinal
saiva-dosa-vivaijiial
"All diicci paiis ol ilc Loid aic lillcd wiil all viiiucs and gloiics and licc ol all
viccs and dclccis."
In Simad-llagavaiam (1.3.2S) ii is said:
cic camsa-lalal pumsal
lisnas iu blagavan svayam
"All ilc abovc mcniioncd incainaiions aic ciilci plcnaiy poiiions oi poiiions
ol ilc plcnaiy poiiions ol ilc Loid, bui Loid Si Kisna is ilc oiiginal Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad."
Tlus Loid Kisna is ilc oiiginal Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc
vaiious incainaiions, sucl as Loid Maisya, aic paiis ol Him, bui ilcy aic noi
dillcicni liom Loid Kisna, as ilc individual spiiii souls aic. Loid Kisna is lilc a
vaiduiya sionc, wlicl manilcsis dillcicni colois liom momcni io momcni. In ilis
way Loid Kisna appcais in dillcicni loims.
In His vaiious incainaiions Loid Kisna may display all oi only somc ol His
powcis. Tlai is ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc sciipiuics. Loid Kisna, ilc souicc ol all
incainaiions, displays all ol His six iiansccndcnial opulcnccs in lull. Wlcn ilc
Loid docs noi display all His opulcnccs in lull, Hc appcais as an amsa incainaiion,
and wlcn Hc displays cvcn lcwci ol His opulcnccs, Hc appcais as a lala
incainaiion. In ilis ciicumsiancc Hc is lilc a gicai icaclci, lcaincd in ilc six
scicnccs, wlo in cciiain ciicumsianccs icaclcs only a small poiiion ol wlai lc
aciually lnows.
In ilc Puiusa-bodlin Upanisad ii is said ilai Loid Kisna appcais wiil all His
iiansccndcnial poicncics, lcadcd by Goddcss Radla. In ilc Tcnil Canio ol
Simad-llagavaiam ii is said ilai vaiious iiansccndcnial qualiiics, sucl as bcing
supicmc ovci all, bcing lillcd wiil gicai lovc, bcing accompanicd by loving
associaics, lilling wiil wondci lialma, Siva, and all ilc dcmigods, sagcs, and wisc
dcvoiccs, manilcsiing many pasiimcs, sucl as swccily playing ilc lluic, ilai lill
cvciyonc wiil wondci, displaying a gicai swccincss ol iiansccndcnial
landsomcncss, and bcing vciy lind and mcicilul, aic cicinally manilcsicd in
Yasoda's inlani Kisna. Loid Maisya and ilc oilci incainaiions manilcsi somc bui
noi all ol ilcsc qualiiics. Siill, ilc incainaiions ol ilc Loid aic noi lilc ilc
individual spiiii souls, loi ilc incainaiions aciually aic ilc Loid Himscll.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias picscnis anoilci aigumcni.
Sufra +6
anujna-paiilaiau dcla-sambandlai jyoiii-adi-vai
anujna-pcimission io aci; paiilaiau-ccssaiion liom aciion; dcla-ol ilc
body; sambandlai-liom ilc coniaci; jyoiil-cyc; adi-bcginning wiil; vai-lilc.
londagc and libciaiion comc liom coniaci wiil ilc maiciial body, lilc ilc cyc
and oilci ilings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Lvcn ilougl ilcy aic paiis and paiccls ol ilc Supicmc, ilc individual spiiii
souls, bccausc bcginninglcss ignoiancc, and also bccausc ol coniaci wiil maiciial
bodics, aic subjcci io maiciial bondagc and libciaiion. Tlc incainaiions ol ilc
Loid, sucl as Loid Maisya, lowcvci, aic noi subjcci io sucl ilings. Tlis is ilc
dcsciipiion ol ilc Siuii-sasiia. In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is also said ilai ilc
incainaiions ol ilc Loid do noi lavc maiciial bodics, bui aic diiccily ilc Loid
Himscll. Tlai is ilc gicai dillcicncc bciwccn ilc individual spiiii souls and ilc
incainaiions ol ilc Loid.
Tlc woid "anujna" lcic mcans "pcimission". Ii is by ilc Loid's pcimission ilai
ilc individual spiiii souls can pciloim pious and impious dccds, as ilc Kausiali
Upanisad (3.S) cxplains:
csa cva sadlu laima laiayaii
"Tlc Loid cngagcs ilc living cniiiy in pious aciiviiics so lc may bc clcvaicd."
Tlc woid "paiilaia" mcans "libciaiion". Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia:
iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii
ly undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad onc is ablc io cioss
bcyond ilis woild ol dcail."
Ncxi, spcaling ilc woids "jyoiii-adi-vai" (lilc ilc cyc), ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias
givcs an cxamplc io cxplain ilis. Tlc cycs ol ilc living cniiiics aic lilc small
poiiions ol ilc sun. Howcvci, ilc cycs dcpcnd on ilc sun loi ilc powci ol sigli,
and il ilc sun docs noi givc pcimission, in ilc loim ol ilc sunligli, ilc cycs
cannoi scc. In ilis way ilc cycs aic dcpcndcni on ilc sun. Tlc sunligli on ilc
sun-planci, lowcvci, is idcniical wiil ilc sun iiscll, and ilus ii malcs no scnsc io
say ilcy aic dcpcndcni on ilc sun. Tlc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc individual spiiii
souls and ilc incainaiions ol ilc Loid is lilc ilai, ilc incainaiions bcing lilc ilc
sunligli and ilc souls bcing lilc ilc cycs.
Sufra +7
asaniaics cavyaiilaial
asaniaicl-bccausc ol impcilcciion; ca-noi; avyaiilaial-wiiloui
bcwildcimcni.
lccausc ii is impcilcci ilcic can bc no misialc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc lc is impcilcci, ilc individual spiiii soul cannoi bc misialcn loi an
incainaiion ol ilc Loid. Tlc individual spiiii souls aic ilcicloic noi ilc samc as oi
cqual io ilc incainaiions ol ilc Loid, bcginning wiil Loid Maisya, wlo aic all
pcilcci. In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (5.9), ilc individual spiiii soul is dcsciibcd
in ilc lollowing woids:
balagia-saia-bagasya
"Il wc dividc ilc iip ol a laii inio onc lundicd paiis and ilcn ialc onc paii
and dividc ilis inio anoilci onc lundicd paiis, ilai icn-ilousandil paii is ilc
dimcnsion ol ilc living cniiiy."
Insicad ol bcing aiomic and limiicd, as ilc individual spiiii souls aic, ilc Loid's
incainaiions, bcginning wiil Loid Maisya, aic pcilcci and complcic in cvciy way,
as ilc Isa Upanisad cxplains:
puinam adal puinam idam
"Tlc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is pcilcci and complcic."
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias slows ilc gicai lauli in
ilinling ilc individual soul idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc.
Sufra +8
ablasa cva ca
ablasal-lallacy; cva-indccd; ca-also.
Ii is also a lallacy.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis suiia is icluicd ilc idca ilai bccausc ilcy aic boil callcd "amsas", oi
paiis ol ilc Loid, ilcicloic ilc individual spiiii souls and ilc incainaiions ol ilc
Loid aic idcniical. Tlis idca is bascd on ilc logical lallacy ol sai-piaiipalsa
(undisiiibuicd middlc). lccausc ol iis impcilcci icasoning, ilis idca is wiong.
Tlc woid "ca" (also) lcic linis ilai somc cxamplcs may bc givcn io slow ilis.
Onc cxamplc is ilai ol caiil and sly. Laiil and sly aic boil subsianccs, bui ilai
docs noi mcan ilai ilcy aic idcniical. Lxisicncc and non-cxisicncc aic boil
caicgoiics, bui ilai docs noi mcan ilcy aic cqual. In ilc samc way ilc individual
spiiii souls and ilc incainaiions ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad may boil
bc paiis ol ilc Supicmc, bui ilai docs noi mcan ilai ilcy aic cqual.
Adhikarana 19
The IndividuaI Spirif SouIs Are Nof AII AIike
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Concluding ilis digicssion, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias now iciuins io His oiiginal
iopic. In ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.5.13) ii is said:
niiyo niiyanam ccianas cciananam
clo balunam yo vidadlaii laman
"Tlc Supicmc Loid is cicinal and ilc living bcings aic cicinal. Tlc Supicmc
Loid is cognizani and ilc living bcings aic cognizani. Tlc dillcicncc is ilai ilc
Supicmc Loid is supplying all ilc ncccssiiics ol lilc loi ilc many oilci living
cniiiics."
Samsaya (doubi): In ilis way ii is said ilai ilc individual spiiii souls aic cicinal
and cognizani. Aic ilc individual spiiii souls all alilc oi aic ilcy noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc individual spiiii souls aic noi dillcicni.
Tlcy aic all cxacily alilc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +9
adisianiyamai
adisia-ol laic; aniyamai-bccausc ol dillcicncc.
lccausc ol dillcicni laics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As a liog jumps a long disiancc, ilc woid "na" (noi) slould bc insciicd liom
suiia ++. In ilis way ilis suiia mcans "ilc individual spiiii souls aic noi all alilc.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "Lvcn ilougl ilc individual spiiii souls lavc ilc
samc naiuic, ilcy lavc dillcicni laics." Tlcii laics aic bcginninglcss.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Aic ilc dillcicni laics noi cicaicd bccausc ilc
individual spiiii souls lavc dillcicni dcsiics and dillcicni avcisions'
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias says, "No ii is noi so," and givcs ilc lollowing
cxplanaiion.
Sufra 50
ablisandly-adisv api caivam
ablisandly-inclinaiions; adisu-bcginning wiil; api-also; ca-and; cvam-
ilus.
In ilis way ilcic aic dillcicni dcsiics and oilci ilings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc dillcicni naiuics ol ilc individual spiiii souls aic io bc cxplaincd in a
dillcicni way. Tlcsc dillcicnccs cxisi bccausc ol dillcicni laics. Tlc woid "ca"
(and) linis ilai ilcsc dillcicnccs cxisi ai cvciy momcni.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilcsc dillcicnccs aic cicaicd by
dillciing cnviionmcnis, sucl as ilc cnviionmcni ol Svaigalola, ilc caiil, oi oilci
placcs'
To ilis ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics, "No. Ii is noi so." Hc givcs ilc
lollowing cxplanaiion.
Sufra 51
piadcsad iii ccn naniai-blavai
piadcsai-liom ilc cnviionmcni; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi; aniai-blavai-
bccausc ol bcing undcisiood.
Il ii is said ilai ilis is bccausc ol cnviionmcni, ilcn ilc answci is: No, bccausc
ilcic is anoilci icason.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc oilci icason mcniioncd lcic is ilc dillciing laics ol ilc individual spiiii
souls. Tlc dillcicnccs lcic cannoi bc aiiiibuicd io dillcicni cnviionmcnis, loi
souls in ilc samc cnviionmcni olicn manilcsi gicai dillcicnccs.
Pada +
Invocaiion
ivaj-jaial laliioipaial
mai-pianal saniy amiiia-blii
cian sadli iaila dcva
yaila sai-paila-gaminal
O Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, O dcsiioyci ol cncmics, my lilc-bicails,
wlicl aic boin liom You, lavc lcli ilc pail ol viiiuc. O Loid, plcasc biing ilcm
undci coniiol and pusl ilcm on ilc pail ilai is iigli.
Adhikarana 1
The Pranas Are Manifesfed From fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Tliid Pada coniiadicioiy sciipiuial passagcs dcsciibing ilc clcmcnis
wcic laimonizcd. In ilc Iouiil Pada coniiadicioiy passagcs dcsciibing ilc pianas
(lilc-loicc and scnscs) will bc laimonizcd. Tlc pianas aic ol iwo linds: piimaiy
and sccondaiy. Tlc sccondaiy pianas aic ilc clcvcn scnscs, bcginning wiil ilc
cycs. Tlc piimaiy pianas aic ilc livc lilc-aiis, bcginning wiil apana. Iiisi ilc
sccondaiy pianas will bc cxamincd. In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.1.3) ii is said:
ciasmaj jayaic piano manal saivcndiiyani ca
"Iiom ilis aic boin piana, mind, and all ilc scnscs."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilis dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc scnscs mciaploiical,
lilc ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc individual souls, oi liicial, lilc ilc
dcsciipiion ol ilc cicaiion ol cilci and ilc oilci clcmcnis'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlis is cxplaincd in ilc lollowing woids ol
ilc Siuii-sasiia:
asad va idam agia asi iad alul lim iad asd iii isayo vava ic asad asi iad alul lc
ic isaya iii piana vava isayal.
"Hc said: In ilc bcginning was non-bcing. Tlcy said: Wlai was ilai non-bcing'
Hc said: Tlc non-bcing was many sagcs. Tlcy said: Wlo wcic ilosc sagcs' Hc
said: Tlosc sagcs wcic ilc pianas."
Tlis passagc liom ilc Siuii-sasiia clcaily slows ilai ilc ilc scnscs, wlicl aic
lcic callcd pianas oi sagcs, cxisicd bcloic ilc cicaiion ol ilc maiciial woild.
Tlcicloic ilc scnscs aic lilc ilc individual spiiii souls (and ilc sciipiuics'
dcsciipiions ol ilc cicaiion ol ilc scnscs aic only allcgoiics.)
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
iaila pianal
iaila-so; pianal-ilc pianas.
Tlc pianas aic lilc ilai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As cilci and ilc oilci clcmcnis wcic manilcsicd liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, so ilc pianas and ilc scnscs wcic also manilcsicd liom Him. Tlai is
ilc mcaning lcic. In ilc bcginning ol cicaiion ilc ingicdicnis ol ilc maiciial
woild wcic mcigcd iogcilci inio onc. Tlcn ilc dillcicni ingicdicnis wcic
manilcsicd. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Mundala Upanisad (2.1.3):
ciasmaj jayaic piano manal saivcndiiyani ca
"Iiom ilis aic boin piana, mind, and all ilc scnscs."
Tlc cicaiion ol ilc maiciial scnscs is noi lilc ilc cicaiion ol ilc conscious
individual spiiii souls, bccausc ilc souls aic licc liom ilc six iiansloimaiions ilai
aic always picscni in maiici. Wlcn ilcy dcsciibc ilc cicaiion ol ilc individual
spiiii souls, ilc woids ol ilc sciipiuics aic all allcgoiics, bui wlcn ilcy dcsciibc
ilc cicaiion ol ilc scnscs, ilc woids ol ilc sciipiuics aic liicial dcsciipiions. Tlis
is so bccausc ilc scnscs aic by naiuic maiciial. Tlis bcing so, ilc woids piana and
isi (sagcs) in ilis passagc iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is so
bccausc boil ilcsc woids aic namcs ol ilc all-lnowing Supicmc Pcison.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai bccausc ilc woids "pianal" and
"isayal" (sagcs) aic boil in ilc pluial ii is noi possiblc ilai ilcy can lcic bc
namcs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias answcis ilis objcciion.
Sufra 2
gauny asamblavai
gaun-sccondaiy mcaning; asamblavai-bccausc ol impossibiliiy.
Tlis musi bc a sccondaiy usc ol ilc woid, bccausc ilc piimaiy usc is
impossiblc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc usc ol ilc pluial in ilis passagc liom ilc Siuii-sasiia musi bc a sccondaiy
usagc ol ilc pluial. Wly is ilai' lccausc ilcic aic noi many Gods, ilcic is only
onc God, ilc pluial cannoi bc uscd io dcsciibc Him. Siill, ilc pluial may bc
applicd io Him io iclci io His many dillcicni manilcsiaiions. Alilougl ilc
Supicmc Loid is onc, Hc appcais in His many incainaiions lilc an acioi assuming
dillcicni iolcs oi a vaiduiya jcwcl displaying dillcicni colois. In ilis sccondaiy
scnsc ilc pluial is appiopiiaic in iclaiion io Him. Tlis is conliimcd by ilc
lollowing woids ol ilc Siuii-sasiia:
clam saniam baludla disyamanam
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is sccn io bc many."
Tlc Smiii-sasiia also cxplains:
clancla-svaiupaya
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad appcais in many
loims."
Sufra 3
iai pial siuics ca
iai-ilai; pial-bcloic; siuicl-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia; ca-and.
lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai Hc cxisicd bcloic ilc cicaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc in ilc bcginning ol cicaiion ilc vaiiciics ol maiciial naiuic wcic noi
yci manilcsicd, and ilus ilc maiciial woild was all onc, ii is also noi piopci io
acccpi ilc usc ol ilc pluial lcic in a liicial scnsc. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Siuii-
sasiias dcclaic ilai in ilc bcginning ol maiciial cicaiion only ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cxisicd. Tlcicloic ilc pluial lcic musi bc uscd in a
sccondaiy scnsc.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs anoilci icason wly ilc
woid "piana" slould bc inicipicicd as a namc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad.
Sufra +
iai-puivalaivad vacal
iai-ilai; puivalaivai-bccausc ol bcing bcloic; vacal-spcccl.
lccausc spcccl cxisicd bcloic ilc maiciial cicaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "vacal" (spcccl) lcic mcans "ilc namcs ol ilings oilci ilan ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc masici ol many spiiiiual poicncics". Tlis
spcccl cxisicd bcloic ilc piadlana, ilc malai-iaiiva, and ilc oilci lcaiuics ol ilc
maiciial woild wcic cicaicd. lccausc ilc namcs and loims ol ilc vaiious maiciial
lcaiuics wcic noi yci cicaicd, and bccausc ilc maiciial scnscs also wcic noi yci
cicaicd ai ilai iimc in ilc bcginning ol cicaiion, ilc woid "piana" lcic musi bc
uscd as a namc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (1.+.7) cxplains:
iad dlcdam iaili
"In ilc bcginning ilcy wcic noi manilcsicd. Only laici wcic ilc maiciial loims
and namcs manilcsicd."
Tlis cxplains ilai in ilc bcginning ol ilc maiciial cicaiion ilc maiciial namcs
and loims wcic noi yci manilcsicd. Tlus ai ilai iimc ilc maiciial scnscs as wcll as
ilc clcmcnis bcginning wiil cilci, wcic noi yci manilcsicd.
Adhikarana 2
The Senses Are EIeven
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alici icluiing ilis lalsc idca aboui ilc scnscs, an idca ilai coniiadicis ilc
dcsciipiions in Siuii-sasiia, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics a lalsc idca aboui low
many scnscs ilcic aic. In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.1.S) ii is said:
sapia pianal piablavanii iasmai
sapiaicisal samadlil sapia-lomal
sapicmc lola ycsu sancaianii
piana gulasaya niliia sapia sapia
"Iiom Him comc ilc scvcn pianas, ilc scvcn aicis, ilc scvcn lomas, and ilc
scvcn lolas. Tlcsc scvcn aic placcd in cvciy lcaii."
Howcvci, in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.9.+) ii is said:
dascmc puiusc piana aimailadasa
"In ilc living cniiiy ilcic aic icn pianas. Tlc soul is ilc clcvcnil."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc pianas scvcn oi clcvcn'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc puivapalsa spcals ilc lollowing suiia.
Sufra 5
sapia-gaici viscsiivac ca
sapia-ol scvcn; gaicl-bccausc ol going; viscsiivai-bccausc ol ilc spccilic
dcsciipiion; ca-also.
lccausc ol ilc dcpaiiuic ol scvcn and also bccausc ol a spccilic dcsciipiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc pianas aic scvcn. Wly is ilai' lccausc ilai is ilc opinion ol sciipiuic. In
ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
sapianam cva jvcna sala sancaia-iupaya gaicl
"Accompanicd by ilc scvcn pianas, ilc soul lcavcs ilc body."
In ilc Kaila Upanisad (6.10) ii is said:
yada pancavaiisilanic
jnanani manasa sala
buddlis ca na viccsicia
iam alul paiamam gaiim
"Tlc sagcs say ilai ilc supicmc goal is aiiaincd wlcn ilc livc lnowcis aic ai
pcacc and ilc mind and iniclligcncc aic no longci aciivc."
Tlis passagc dcsciibcs ilc condiiion ol ilc scnscs in ilc siaic ol yogic iiancc.
Tlis passagc dcsciibcs livc scnscs, wlicl bcgin wiil ilc cais. To ilcm aic addcd
ilc mind and iniclligcncc. In ilis way ilc living cniiiy las scvcn scnscs. Tlc Siuii-
sasiia also dcsciibcs livc woiling insiiumcnis, bcginning wiil ilc voicc and
lands, bui ilcsc cannoi bc callcd scnscs in ilc piimaiy mcaning ol ilc woid
bccausc ilcsc insiiumcnis do noi accompany ilc soul wlcn lc lcavcs ilc maiciial
body and also bccausc ilcsc insiiumcnis aic lcss usclul io ilc soul ilan ilc scvcn
piimaiy scnscs.
Siddlania (conclusion): Il ilis is said, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics wiil ilc
lollowing conclusion.
Sufra 6
lasiadayas iu siliic 'io naivam
lasia-ilc lands; adayal-bcginning wiil; iu-bui; siliic-siiuaicd; aial-
ilcicloic; na-noi; cvam-lilc ilai.
lui wlcn lc is siiuaicd in ilai way, ilc lands and oilci insiiumcnis aic also
picscni. Tlcicloic ii is noi lilc ilai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc Puivapalsa's
objcciion. Alilougl ilcy aic noi includcd among ilc scvcn, ilc insiiumcnis
bcginning wiil ilc lands aic io bc considcicd among ilc pianas. Wly is ilai'
lccausc as long as ilc soul is siiuaicd in ilc maiciial body ilcsc insiiumcnis lclp
in cxpciicncing vaiious ilings and in pciloiming vaiious iasls. In ilc lilad-
aianyala Upanisad ii is said:
lasiau vai gialal saiva-laimanabligialcna gilial lasiablyam laima laioii.
"Tlc lands aic a scnsc, loi wiil ilc lands onc giasps ilings and pciloims
aciions."
In ilis way ilcic aic moic ilan scvcn scnscs. Tlcic aic livc lnowlcdgc-
acquiiing scnscs, livc woiling scnscs, and ilc mind. In ilis way ilcic aic clcvcn
scnscs. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.9.+) ii is said:
aimailadasa
"Tlc aima is ilc clcvcnil scnsc."
Tlc woid "aima" lcic mcans "ilc mind". In ilis way ii slould bc undcisiood.
Tlcic aic livc objccis ol pciccpiion: sound, ioucl, loim, iasic, and smcll. To
pciccivc ilcsc objccis ilcic aic livc lnowlcdgc-acquiiing scnscs: cais, slin, cycs,
ionguc, and nosc. Tlcic aic livc linds ol aciion: spcccl, giasping, moving,
cxciciion, and icpioduciion. To pciloim ilcsc aciions ilcic aic livc woiling
scnscs: voicc, lands, lcci, anus, and gcniial.
To co-oidinaic ilc aciions ol all ilcsc and io ialc considciaiion ol ilc ilicc
plascs ol iimc (pasi, picscni, and luiuic), ilcic is ilc mind. Somciimcs ilc mind
is considcicd io lavc loui aspccis. In ilis way ilc aciions ol ilc mind aic:
dcsiiing, coming io conclusions, undcisianding onc's idcniiiy, and ilinling. To
pciloim ilcsc aciions ilc mind is dividcd inio ilc lcaii (manal), iniclligcncc
(buddli), lalsc-cgo (alanlaia), and ilinling (ciiia). In ilis way ilcic aic clcvcn
scnscs.
Adhikarana 3
The Senses Are Afomic in Size
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ncxi ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias considcis ilc qucsiion ol ilc naiuic and sizc ol
ilc scnscs.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc scnscs all-pcivading oi aic ilcy aiomic'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc scnscs musi bc all-pcivading, loi ilings
can bc sccn oi lcaid liom lai away.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 7
anavas ca
anaval-aioms; ca-and.
Tlcy aic also aioms.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic io indicaic cciiainiy. Tlc clcvcn scnscs aic
aiomic in sizc. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai ilc scnscs lcavc ilc
maiciial body. Tlings can bc lcaid liom lai away and in oilci ways bc pciccivcd
liom lai away bccausc ilc qualiiy, oi powci, ol ilc scnscs cxicnd bcyond ilc
scnscs ilcmsclvcs. As ilc individual spiiii soul is all-pcivading wiilin ilc maiciial
body, liom ilc lcad io ilc lcci, so ilc scnscs can also aci ai a disiancc. In ilis way
ilc ilcoiy ol sanllya plilosoplcis, ilai ilc scnscs aic all-pcivading, is icluicd.
Adhikarana +
The PrincipaI Prana (fhe Life-Force) Has an Origin
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.1.3) ii is said:
ciasmaj jayaic pianal
"Iiom Him ilc piana (lilc-loicc) is boin."
Hcic ilc woid "piana" mcans "ilc piincipal piana".
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc piincipal piana (lilc-loicc) cicaicd in ilc samc way ilc
individual spiiii soul is "cicaicd" oi is ilis piana cicaicd in ilc samc way cilci
and ilc oilci clcmcnis aic cicaicd'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics:
naisa piana udcii nasiam cii
"Tlis piana is ncvci boin and ncvci dics."
Tlc Smiii-sasiia also dcclaics:
yai-piapiii yai-paiiiyaga
uipaiiii maianam iaila
iasyoipaiiii miiis caiva
lailam pianasya yujyaic
"liiil and dcail comc and go. How can biiil and dcail allcci ilc piana'"
Tlcicloic ii is concludcd ilai ilc piincipal piana is cicaicd" in ilc samc way
ilc individual spiiii soul is cicaicd".
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 8
sicsilas ca
sicsilas-ilc piincipal onc; ca-also.
Tlc piincipal onc also.
Puipoii by Sila laladcva Vidyablusana
Tlc piincipal piana (lilc-loicc) is cicaicd in ilc samc way cilci and ilc oilci
clcmcnis aic cicaicd. Tlis is conliimcd in ilc woids ol ilc Mundala Upanisad
(2.1.3):
jayaic pianal
"Tlc piana was cicaicd."
In iis piaiijna siaicmcni ilc Mundala Upanisad dcclaics:
sa idam saivam asijaia
"Hc cicaicd cvciyiling."
To avoid coniiadiciing ilcsc woids ii musi bc acccpicd ilai ilc piincipal piana
was also cicaicd. Ioi ilis icason ilc sciipiuial passagcs siaiing ilai ilc piana was
ncvci cicaicd slould bc undcisiood allcgoiically and noi liicially. Onc piana is
callcd ilc piincipal piana bccausc ii mainiains ilc maiciial body. So iis mcaning
can bc caiiicd inio ilc ncxi suiia, ilis suiia is givcn scpaiaicly and noi joincd io
ilc picvious suiia.
Adhikarana 5
The PrincipaI Prana (Life-Force) Is Nof Air
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana

Now ilc naiuic ol ilc piincipal piana (lilc-loicc) will bc cxamincd.
Samsaya (doubi): is ilc piincipal piana aii alonc, ilc vibiaiion ol aii, ilc
aciiviiics ol aii, oi a condiiion ol aii wlcn ii gocs io anoilci placc' Wlicl is ii'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii is ilc cxicinal clcmcni ol aii. Tlis is
conliimcd in ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.1.5):
yo 'yam pianal sa vayul
"Tlc piana is aii."
Oi, pcilaps ilc piincipal piana is ilc aciiviiics ol aii, ilc inlalaiion and
cxlalaiion ol bicail. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc piincipal piana is aii.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 9
na vayu-liiyc piilag upadcsai
na-noi; vayu-aii; liiyc-aciion; piilal-dillcicni; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc
icacling.
Ii is nciilci aii noi ilc aciiviiics ol aii, bccausc ilc icacling is ilai ii is
dillcicni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc piincipal piana (lilc-loicc) is nciilci aii noi ilc movcmcnis ol aii. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ilc icacling is ilai ii is dillcicni". Tlc
picviously quoicd passagc ol ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.1.3) said ilai boil aii and
piana aic boin liom ilc Supicmc. In ilis way ii slould bc undcisiood ilai aii and
piana aic dillcicni, loi ilcy aic mcniioncd scpaiaicly. Il aii and piana wcic
idcniical, ilcn ilcic would bc no nccd io mcniion ilcm scpaiaicly in ilis passagc.
Il piana wcic ilc movcmcni ol aii ilcn ilcic would also bc no nccd io mcniion
ilcm boil in ilis way. Ii is sccn ilai ilc movcmcnis ol liic and ilc oilci clcmcnis
aic noi scpaiaicly mcniioncd in ilis passagc. Tlc siaicmcni ol ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad, ilai "Piana is aii" mcans ilai piana is a spccilic lind ol aii, and ilai
piana is noi a scpaiaic clcmcni, lilc liic and ilc oilci clcmcnis. Tlai is ilc
mcaning lcic.
In ilc Kapila-suiia (2.31) ii is said:
samanya-laiana-viiiil pianadya vayaval panca
"Tlc livc aiis, bcginning wiil piana, pciloim ilai aciions ol ilc scnscs in
gcncial."
Tlus ilc sanllya plilosoplcis claim ilai piana pciloims ilc aciions ol all ilc
scnscs. Tlis cannoi bc, loi ii is noi possiblc loi ilc singlc piana io pciloim all ilc
aciions ol all ilc scnscs.
Adhikarana 6
The PrincipaI Prana (Life-Force) Is An Insfrumenf Used By fhe SouI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad ii is said:
supicsu vag-adisu piana clo jagaiii. piana clo miiyunanapial. pianal samvaigo
vag-adn samvinlic. piana iiaian pianan ialsaii maicva puiian.
"Wlcn spcccl and ilc oilci scnscs slccp, piana alonc icmains awalc. Piana
alonc is uniouclcd by dcail. Piana coniiols spcccl and ilc oilci scnscs. As a
moilci pioiccis lci clildicn, so onc piana pioiccis ilc oilci pianas."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilis piincipal piana idcniical wiil ilc indcpcndcni spiiii
soul icsiding in ilc maiciial body oi is ilis piincipal piana an insiiumcni ilai
assisis ilc spiiii soul'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs ilis piana
as laving many powcis and gloiics, ilcicloic ilis piincipal piana is ilc
indcpcndcni spiiii soul.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 10
calsui-adi-vai iu iai sala sisilyadiblyal
calsul-ilc cycs; adi-bcginning wiil; vai-lilc; iu-indccd; iai-ilai;
sala-wiil; sisilya-icacling; adiblyal-bccausc ol bcginning wiil.
Indccd, ii is lilc ilc cycs and oilci scnscs, bccausc ii is iaugli along wiil ilc
scnscs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd io dispcl doubi. Tlc piana (lilc-loicc) is an
insiiumcni uscd by ilc individual spiiii soul. Ii is lilc ilc cycs oi ilc oilci scnscs.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ii is iaugli along wiil ilc scnscs." Tlc
piana is dcsciibcd along wiil ilc cycs and scnscs. Tlings ol a lilc naiuic aic
gcncially dcsciibcd iogcilci. as cxamplc ol ilai is ilc liladiaila mcicis, wlicl
aic dcsciibcd iogcilci. Tlis is also conliimcd by ilc usc ol ilc woid adi"
(bcginning wiil) in ilc suiia.
Tlai ilc piana is lcic gioupcd wiil ilc scnscs is sccn in ilc lollowing passagc:
yaiia vayam mullyal pianal sa cvayam madlyamal pianal
"Tlcic is a piinciplc piana and ilcic is a sccondaiy piana."
In ilis way ilc idca ilai ilc piana is ilc indcpcndcni spiiii soul is icluicd.
Adhikarana 7
The PrincipaI Prana (Life-Force) is fhe Primary Insfrumenf of fhe SouI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai il ii is io bc counicd among ilc
scnscs, ilc piincipal piana musi lavc a lunciion io pciloim wlcic ii assisis ilc
soul' Tlc piincipal piana las no sucl lunciion. Also, il ilc piincipal piana is onc
ol ilc scnscs, ilcn ilc scnscs, bcginning wiil ilc cycs, would bc iwclvc in
numbci.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias answcis ilis objcciion.
Sufra 11
alaianaivac ca na dosas iaila li daisayaii
alaianaivai-bccausc ol noi laving a scpcilic lunciion; ca-and; na-no;
dosal-lauli; iaila-so; li-indccd; daisayaii-slows.
Also, ilcic is no lauli in noi laving a lunciion, loi ilc sciipiuics slow ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd io answci ilc picvious objcciion. Tlc woid
"laiana" lcic mcans aciiviiy". Ii is noi a dclcci on ilc paii ol ilc piana ilai is
las no spccilic lunciion io assisi ilc soul, loi ii docs lavc an impoiiani lunciion in
ilai ii is ilc suppoii and ilc icsiing placc ol ilc plysical scnscs. Tlai is ilc
mcaning lcic. In ilc lollowing passagc, ilc Clandogya Upanisad (5.1.1) slows
ilis:
aila la piana alam sicyasi vyudiic. . . .
"Tlc scnscs aigucd among ilcmsclvcs. Lacl onc said: I am ilc bcsi.' Tlcy ilcn
appioaclcd ilcii lailci, Loid lialma, and aslcd lim, O loid, wlo among us is
ilc bcsi'' lialma icplicd, Hc wlosc dcpaiiuic causcs ilc gicaicsi calamiiy loi ilc
body is ilc bcsi.
"Tlcn ilc voicc dcpaiicd liom ilc body and siaycd away loi an cniiic ycai.
Wlcn lc iciuincd, lc aslcd: How is ii ilai you wcic ablc io livc wiiloui mc''
Alilougl ii could noi spcal, siill ilc body could bicailc wiil ilc piana, scc wiil
ilc cycs, lcai wiil ilc cais, and ilinl wiil ilc mind. Tlcn ilc voicc again cnicicd
ilc body.
"Tlcn ilc cycs dcpaiicd liom ilc body and siaycd away loi an cniiic ycai.
Wlcn ilcy iciuincd, ilcy aslcd: How is ii ilai you wcic ablc io livc wiiloui
mc'' Alilougl ii could noi scc, ilc body could bicailc wiil ilc piana, spcal
wiil ilc voicc, lcai wiil ilc cais, and ilinl wiil ilc mind. Tlcn ilc voicc again
cnicicd ilc body.
"Tlcn ilc cais dcpaiicd liom ilc body and siaycd away loi an cniiic ycai.
Wlcn ilcy iciuincd, ilcy aslcd: How is ii ilai you wcic ablc io livc wiiloui us''
Alilougl ii could noi lcai, siill ilc body could bicailc wiil ilc piana, scc wiil
ilc cycs, spcal wiil ilc voicc, and ilinl wiil ilc mind. Tlcn ilc cais again
cnicicd ilc body.
"Tlcn ilc mind dcpaiicd liom ilc body and siaycd away loi an cniiic ycai.
Wlcn lc iciuincd, lc aslcd: How is ii ilai you wcic ablc io livc wiiloui mc''
Alilougl ii could noi ilinl, siill ilc body could bicailc wiil ilc piana, scc wiil
ilc cycs, spcal wiil ilc voicc, and lcai wiil ilc cais. Tlcn ilc mind again
cnicicd ilc body.
"Wlcn ilc piana was aboui io dcpaii ii bcgan io upiooi all ilc scnscs. Ii
bccamc lilc a spiiiicd loisc upiooiing ilc posis io wlicl ii is icilcicd. Tlcn ilc
oilci scnscs appcalcd io ilc piana, "Plcasc do noi go. Plcasc siay wiil us. You aic
ilc bcsi ol all ol us."
In ilis way ii is sccn ilai ilc piincipal piana las an impoiiani lunciion io
pciloim in iclaiion io ilc spiiii soul. Tlc soul is ilc cnjoyci and ilc pciloimci ol
aciions. Tlc soul is lilc a ling, ilc scnscs lis ioyal aiicndanis, and ilc piincipal
piana lis piimc minisici, wlo lclps aiiain ilc ling's objcciivcs. In ilis way ilc
piana is ilc mosi impoiiani ol ilc soul's insiiumcnis. Howcvci, ilc piana is siill
noi indcpcndcni ol ilc soul iiscll.
Adhikarana 8
The PrincipaI Prana Has Five Funcfions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.5.3) ii is said:
sa csa vayul panca-vidlal piano 'pano vyana udanal samanal
"Tlc piana is aii. Tlcic aic livc pianas: piana, apana, vyana, udana, and
samana."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilcsc livc, bcginning wiil apana, dillcicni liom piana, oi
aic ilcy mcicly dillcicni lunciions ol piana'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilcy lavc dillcicni namcs and
lunciions, ilcicloic ilcy aic dillcicni.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 12
panca-viiiii mano-vad vyapadisyaic
panca-livc; viiiil-lunciions; manal-ilc mind; vai-lilc; vyapadisyaic-is
said.
Lilc ilc mind, ii is said io lavc livc lunciions.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc piana is onc, alilougl ii assumcs livc dillcicni lunciions wlcn picscni in
ilc dillcicni placcs, sucl as ilc lcaii, ol ilc body. In ilis way ilc piana is
dcsciibcd. In ilis way ilcsc aic dillcicni lunciions ol piana and noi dillcicni
pianas ilcmsclvcs. lccausc ilcsc lunciions aic dillcicni, ilcicloic dillcicni namcs
aic cmploycd. Siill, ilcic is no dillcicncc in ilcii naiuics. In ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (1.5.3) ii is said:
piano 'pano vyana udanal samana iii. ciai saivam piana cva.
"Tlcic aic livc pianas: piana, apana, vyana, udana, and samana. Tlcsc livc aic
all onc piana."
In ilis way piana is lilc ilc mind. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.5.3) ii
is said:
lamal sanlalpo vilalpo viciliisa siaddla dliiii adliiii lii dli bli iiy ciai
saivam mana cva.
"Tlc mind's lunciions aic: dcsiic, dciciminaiion, doubi, ciioi, laiil,
sicadlasincss, unsicadincss, slamc, iniclligcncc, and lcai. All ilcsc aic mind."
All ilcsc lavc dillcicni lunciions and dillcicni namcs, bui ilcy aic noi dillcicni
liom mind iiscll. Tlcy aic ilc vaiious lunciions ol ilc mind. In ilc yoga-sasiia,
also, ii is said ilai ilc mind las livc lunciions. Tlis is ilc mcaning ol ilc
sciipiuics, ciilci linicd ai oi cxpliciily slown in ilc icxis.
Adhikarana 9
The PrincipaI Prana Is Afomic
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Samsaya (doubi) Is ilc piincipal Piana aiomic oi all-pcivading'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.3.22) ii
is said:
sama cblis iiiblii lolail
"Piana is cqual io ilc ilicc woilds."
Tlis and oilci passagcs ol Siuii-sasiia dcclaic ilai piana is all-pcivading.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 13
anus ca
anul-aiomic; ca-also.
Ii is also aiomic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc piincipal piana is also aiomic in sizc. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiias
dcclaic ilai ilc piincipal piana lcavcs (ilc maiciial body ai ilc iimc ol dcail).
Sciipiuial passagcs dcsciibing ilc piincipal pianas as aiomic slould bc undcisiood
io mcan ilai living cniiiics cvciywlcic aic dcpcndcni on ilc piincipal piana.
Adhikarana 10
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is fhe Moving Force Behind fhe Prana
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad ii is said:
supicsu vag-adisu piana clo jagaiii.
"Wlcn spcccl and ilc oilci scnscs slccp, piana alonc icmains awalc. Piana
alonc is uniouclcd by dcail. Piana coniiols spcccl and ilc oilci scnscs. As a
moilci pioiccis lci clildicn, so onc piana pioiccis ilc oilci pianas."
In ilis way ilc lunciion ol ilc piincipal piana is dcsciibcd.
Tlc lunciions ol ilc sccondaiy pianas aic dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing passagc:
sapicmc lola ycsu sancaianii
"Tlc panas movc in scvcn icalms."
Tlus ilc sccondaiy pianas movc among ilc scnscs.
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc sccondaiy pianas movc by ilcii own powci among
ilc scnscs, oi docs somciling clsc cicaic ilc movcmcni ol ilc pianas' Aic ilc
pianas movcd by ilc dcmigods, ilc individual spiiii soul, oi ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Lndowcd wiil ilc powci ol aciion, ilc
pianas movc ilcmsclvcs. Oi pcilaps ilc dcmigods movc ilcm. In ilc Aiiaicya
Upanisad (2.+) ii is said:
agnii vag bluiva mullam piavisad
"lccoming spcccl, Agnidcva cnicicd ilc mouil."
Oi pcilaps ilc individual spiiii soul movcs ilc pianas. Tlis may bc so bccausc
ilc pianas aic insiiumcnis ilc soul uscs io aiiain cnjoymcni.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1+
jyoiii-ady-adlisilanam iu iad amananai
jyoiil-cllulgcncc; ady-adlisilanam-ilc supicmc iulci; iu-indccd; iai-
ilai; amananai-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion.
Indccd, ligli is ilc coniiollci, bccausc ilai is ilc dcsciipiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd" is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid "jyoiil" (ligli)
lcic mcans "ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad". Hc is ilc movci (adlisilanam)
ol ilc pianas. Tlc allix lyui in ilc woid adlisilanam" malcs ii mcan "ilc
movci". Wly is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc movci ol ilc pianas' Tlc
suiia cxplains: "lccausc ilai is ilc dcsciipiion". Tlis mcans "lccausc ii is
undcisiood ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, as ilc all-pcivading
Supcisoul, movcs ilc pianas and scnscs. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.7.16)
ii is said:
yal piancsu iisilan
"Tlc Supcisoul siays in ilc midsi ol ilc pianas and movcs ilcm."
Tlai ilc dcmigods and ilc individual spiiii soul may also movc ilc pianas is
noi dispuicd lcic, bui ilc pianas cannoi movc ilcmsclvcs, loi ilcy aic only incii
maiici.
Hoping io cnjoy, ilc individual spiiii soul also movcs ilc pianas. Tlai is
dcsciibcd in ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra 15
pianavaia sabdai
pianavaia-by ilc pcison wlo posscsscs ilc pianas; sabdai-bccausc ol ilc
Siuii-sasiia.
ly ilc pcison wlo posscsscs ilc pianas, bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "pianavaia" (ilc pcison wlo posscsscs ilc pianas) iclcis lcic io ilc
individual spiiii soul. Hoping io cnjoy, ilc spiiii soul movcs ilc pianas and
scnscs. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "sabdai" (bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia). In
ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.1.1S) ii is said:
sa yaila mala-iajo janapadan giliva svc janapadc yaila-lamam paiivaiiaic cvam
cvaisa ciai pianan giliva svc saiic yaila-lamam paiivaiiaic.
"As a gicai ling iulcs ilc subjccis in lis lingdom, so ilc individual spiiii soul
iulcs ilc pianas in lis body."
Tlis is ilc gisi ol ilc maiici: Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc
supicmc iulci ol ilc pianas and ilc dcmigods and ilc individual spiiii soul also
iulc ilc scnscs. Tlc loimci (ilc dcmigods) iulc ilc pianas and scnscs by cnabling
ilcm io aci, and ilc laiici (ilc individual spiiii souls) iulc ilc pianas and scnscs
wiil ilc lopc ol aiiaining cnjoymcni. ly cxciiing ilcii wills, ilc individual souls
ilus movc ilc pianas.
Tlcic is no alicinaiivc io ilis dcsciipiion. Tlis ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias cxplains
in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 16
iasya ca niiyaivai
iasya-ol ilis; ca-and; niiyaivai-bccausc ol cicinaliiy.
lccausc ilis is cicinal.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc Hc las an cicinal iclaiionslip wiil ilcm, ilc all-powcilul Supcisoul is
ilc aciual coniiollci and movci ol ilcm. Hc slould bc considcicd ilc piimaiy
movci and coniiollci. Tlis is conliimcd in ilc woids ol ilc Aniaiyami-bialmana
(lilad-aianyala Upanisad 3.7).
Adhikarana 11
The PrincipaI Prana Is Nof a Sense
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis subjcci anoilci doubi is iaiscd.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc piincipal piana and ilc oilci pianas also scnscs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilcy assisi ilc individual spiiii
soul, all ilc pianas aic considcicd io bc scnscs.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 17
ia indiiyani iad vyapadcsad anyaiia sicsilai
ic-ilcy; indiiyani-scnscs; iai-ilai; vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion;
anyaiia-oilciwisc; sicsilai-liom ilc bcsi.
Tlcy aic scnscs, loi ilai is ilc dcsciipiion. Only ilc piincipal onc is noi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wiil ilc solc cxccpiion ol ilc piincipal piana, ilc pianas aic all scnscs. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "Ioi ilai is ilc dcsciipiion." In ilc Mundala Upanisad
(2.1.3) ii is said:
ciasmaj jayaic pianal
manal saivcndiiyani ca
"Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic boin ilc piincipal piana, ilc
mind, and ilc scnscs."
In ilis way, wiil ilc solc cxccpiion ol ilc piincipal piana, ilc pianas aic ilc
scnscs, sucl as ilc cais and ilc oilcis. In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
indiiyani dasailam ca
"Tlcic aic clcvcn scnscs."
In anoilci placc in ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
piano mullya sa iv anindiiiyam
"Tlc piincipal piana is noi a scnsc."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(1.5.21) ii is said:
laniasyaiva saivc iupam asamciyciasyaiva saivc iupam ablavai.
"Tlc scnscs ilcn assumcd ilc loim ol ilc piincipal piana. Tlcy all assumcd lis
loim."
lccausc ilc sccondaiy pianas aic scnscs and bccausc ilc sccondaiy pianas aic
mcicly lunciions ol ilc piincipal piana, ilcicloic ilc piincipal piana is also a
scnsc. How can you claim, ilcn, ilai ilc piincipal piana is noi a scnsc'
To ilc ilis objcciion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 18
blcda-siuicl
blcda-dillcicncc; siuicl-liom Siuii-sasiia.
lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia says ii is dillcicni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.1.3) ii is said:
piano manal saivcndiiyani
"Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic boin ilc piincipal piana, ilc
mind, and all ilc scnscs."
In ilis way, bccausc ii is mcniioncd apaii liom ilc scnscs in ilis passagc, ilc
piincipal piana is clcaily dillcicni liom ilc scnscs. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic.
Hcic somconc may doubi: Tlc mind is also mcniioncd apaii liom ilc scnscs in
ilis passagc. Ii musi bc ilai ilc mind is noi a scnsc.
Tlis doubi is answcicd by ilc lollowing woids ol llagavad-gia (15.7):
manal sasilndiyani
"Tlc mind is onc ol ilc six scnscs."
Loid Kisna also dcclaics (llagavad-gia 10.22):
indiiyanam manas casmi
"Ol ilc scnscs I am ilc mind."
Sufra 19
vailalsanyac ca
vailalsanyai-bccausc ol dillcicni qualiiics; ca-also.
Also bccausc ol dillcicni qualiiics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Duiing slccp ilc piincipal piana is aciivc, bui ilc cais and oilci scnscs aic noi.
Tlc piincipal piana suppoiis ilc body and scnscs, bui ilc scnscs aic only
insiiumcnis loi pciccpiion and woil. In ilcsc ways ilc piincipal piana and ilc
scnscs lavc dillcicni qualiiics. Tlus ii is said ilai as ilc individual spiiii souls aic
dcpcndcni on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, so ilc scnscs aic dcpcndcni on
ilc piincipal piana.
Adhikarana 12
The Forms of fhe MaferiaI WorId Are Creafed by fhe Supreme PersonaIify of
Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc sciipiuics dcclaic ilai ilc maiciial clcmcnis, ilc scnscs, cvciyiling clsc in
ilc maiciial woild, and ilc individual spiiii souls also, aic all manilcsicd liom ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Now wc will considci ilc qucsiion: Wlo cicaicd
ilc individual loims (vyasii) ol ilis woild'
Alici dcsciibing ilc cicaiion ol liic, waici, and caiil, ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(6.3.2-+) cxplains:
scyam dcvaiailsaia lanialam imas iisio dcvaia ancna jvcnaimananupiavisya
nama-iupc vyalaiavani iasam iii-viiam clailam laiavanii. scyam dcvaicmas iisio
dcvaia ancna jvcnaimananupiavisya nama-iupc vyalaioi iasam iii-viiam iii-viiam
clailam alaioi.
"Alici cicaiing ilc splcndid clcmcnis ol liic, waici, and caiil, ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilougli, Now I slall cnici ilcsc ilicc splcndid clcmcnis
wiil ilc individual souls and ilus I slall cicaic namcs and loims. Onc by onc, I
slall malc ilcm ilicc.' Tlcn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cnicicd ilosc
ilicc splcndid clcmcnis wiil ilc individual souls, cicaicd namcs and loims, and,
onc by onc, madc ilc splcndid clcmcnis inio ilicc."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilis cicaiion ol namcs and loims ilc woil ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad oi an individual spiiii soul'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii is ilc woil ol an individual spiiii soul. In
ilc Clandogya Upanisad ilc Loid says, "Wiil an individual soul I slall cicaic."
Tlc insiiumcnial casc lcic is noi uscd in ilc scnsc ol wiil". Wlcn ilc mcaning
ol an agcni is possiblc in ilis casc ii is noi icasonablc io acccpi a mcaning ilai
caiiics ilc scnsc ol a picposiiion. Nciilci is ilc mcaning ol "an insiiumcni"
possiblc lcic, loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can do anyiling simply by
His will and ilcicloic Hc las no nccd is cmploy an individual spiiii soul io do
anyiling. Nciilci can ii bc said ilai in ilis siiuaiion ilc cniiancc inio ilc cicaiion
is donc by an individual spiiii soul and ilc cicaiion ol namcs and loims is donc by
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, loi ilc usc ol ilc indcclincablc pasi
paiiiciplc lcic indicaics ilai ilc cniiancc and ilc aci ol cicaiion wcic boil
pciloimcd by ilc samc agcni. Nciilci is ilc usc ol ilc liisi-pcison in ilc vcib
vyalaiavani" (I slall cicaic) inappiopiiaic lcic, loi ii is lilc saying, "Wiil a spy I
will cnici ilc cncmy aimy and scc ii." Nciilci is all ilis mcicly my own idca, loi
ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics:
viiinco va idam viiccayaii vidadlaii bialma vava viiinca ciasmad dlmc iupa-
naman
"ilc dcmigod lialma is callcd viiinca bccausc lc oiganizcs (viicc) ilc maiciial
univcisc. Iiom lim lavc comc ilc namcs and loims ol ilc maiciial univcisc."
Tlc Smiii-sasiia also dcclaics:
nama-iupc ca bluianam
"Tlc dcmigod lialma cicaicd ilc namcs and loims ol ilc cicaiuics in ilc
univcisc."
Tlcicloic ilc cicaiion ol namcs and loims was donc by an individual spiiii
soul.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 20
samjna-muiii-llpiis ca iii-vii luivaia upadcsai
samjna-namcs; muiii-loims; llpiil-cicaiion; ca-and; iu-bui; iii-vii-in
ilicc paiis; luivaic-docs; upadcsai-liom ilc icacling.
lui ilc cicaiion ol namcs and loims in gioups ol ilicc is donc by ilc cicaioi,
loi ilai is ilc icacling.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic is bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc opponcni's
aigumcni. Hcic ilc woid samjna-muiii" mcans "namcs and loims" and ilc woid
"llpiil" mcans "cicaiion". Tlc woids "iii-vii luivaial" (donc by ilc cicaioi)
indicaic ilai ilis cicaiion was donc by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
Himscll and noi by an individual spiiii soul. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
upadcsai" (bccausc ilai is ilc icacling). Tlus ilc sciipiuics alliim ilai ilis
cicaiion was donc by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlus ilc cicaiion ol
iliccs and ilc cicaiion ol namcs and loims wcic boil donc by ilc samc cicaioi.
Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Tlc cicaiion ol iliccs was cllccicd in ilc lollowing way:
iiny clailam dvidla luiyai
iiy-aidlani viblajcd dvidla
iai-ian-mullyaidlam uisijya
yojaycc ca iii-iupaia
"Tlc cicaioi dividcs in lall cacl ol ilc ilicc clcmcnis. Tlicc ol ilcsc lalvcs Hc
ilcn dividcs in lall again. Tlcn Hc joins ilc smallci lalvcs io ilc laigci lalvcs. In
ilis way ilc compound clcmcnis, madc ol ilicc paiis, aic cicaicd."
Tlis is lilc ilc pioccss callcd panc-laiana. Ii cannoi bc said ilai ilis cicaiion
ol ilicclold compound clcmcnis is wiilin ilc powci ol ilc dcmigod lialma. Tlai
is so bccausc lialma was boin alici ilc univcisal cgg lad bccn cicaicd liom ilcsc
ilicclold compound clcmcnis madc ol liic, waici, and caiil. Tlis is coiioboiaicd
by Manu-samliia (1.9):
iasminn andc 'blavad bialma
saiva-lola-piiamalal
"lialma, ilc giandlailci ol all ilc woilds, was boin in ilc cgg ol ilc univcisc.
Tlcicloic ilc cicaiion ol namcs and loims and ilc cicaiion ol ilicclold
compound clcmcnis wcic boil donc by ilc samc cicaioi. Ii slould noi bc ilougli,
bccausc ol ilc scqucncc appaicnily dcsciibcd in ilc icxi, ilai ilc cicaiion ol
namcs and loims picccdcd ilc cicaiion ol ilicclold compound clcmcnis. Tlc
cicaiion ol ilicclold compound clcmcnis camc liisi, and only alici ilai cicaiion
ilc cicaiion ol namc and loims was cllccicd. Tlc univcisal cgg cannoi bc cicaicd
by ilc clcmcnis ol liic, waici and caiil bcloic ilosc clcmcnis aic compoundcd in
ilc ilicc ways. Tlai ilis is noi possiblc is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids ol
Simad-llagavaiam (2.5.32-33):
yadaiic 'sangaia blava
bluicndiiya-mano-gunal
yadayaiana-niimanc
nc sclui bialma-viiiama
"O Naiada, bcsi ol ilc iiansccndcnialisis, ilc loims ol ilc body cannoi ialc
placc as long as ilcsc cicaicd paiis, namcly ilc clcmcnis, scnscs, mind, and modcs
ol naiuic, aic noi asscmblcd.
iada samlaiya canyonyam
blagavac-clalii-codiial
sad-saiivam upadaya
coblayam sasijui ly adal
"Tlus wlcn all ilcsc bccamc asscmblcd by ilc loicc ol ilc cncigy ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilis univcisc cciiainly camc inio bcing by
acccpiing boil ilc piimaiy and sccondaiy causcs ol cicaiion."
Tlc pioccss ol panc-laiana is also dcsciibcd lcic. In ilis way ilc cicaiion
slould bc undcisiood. In ilc pioccss ol panc-laiana cacl ol ilc livc clcmcnis is
dividcd in lall, lall ol ilc lalvcs aic again dividcd in lall, and ilc smallci lalvcs
aic ilcn joincd wiil ilc laigci in compound clcmcnis.
In Clandogya Upanisad (6.5.1) ii is said:
annam asiiam iiidla vidlyaic
"Wlcn lood is caicn ii is iiansloimcd in ilicc ways."
Tlis iiansloimaiion is complcicly dillcicni liom ilc ilicclold combinaiion ol
caiil and ilc oilci clcmcnis picviously dcsciibcd. Tlcicloic ilis passagc cannoi
bc uscd io suppoii ilc ilcoiy ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is ilc cicaioi ol ilc
namcs and loims ol ilis woild. Tlc sciipiuial passagc uscs ilc pliasc "aimana
jvcna". ly ilus placing ilcsc iwo woids in apposiiion, ii is clcai ilai ilc woid
"jva" (individual soul) lcic mcans "by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
wlosc poicncy is ilc individual spiiii souls". In a similai way ilc passagc
bcginning wiil ilc woids viinco va" is also cxplaincd.
Undcisiood in ilis way ilc indcclincablc pasi paiiiciplc "piavisya" and ilc
iliid-pcison vcib lollowing ii can bc undcisiood in ilcii piimaiy mcanings
wiiloui any dilliculiy. In ilis way ii is casily sccn ilai ilc iwo aciions dcsciibcd
by ilc woids "piavisya and "vyalaiavani" aic cciiainly pciloimcd by ilc samc
agcni. Tlcicloic ii is cciiainly ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo
pciloimcd ilc aci ol cicaiion dcsciibcd in ilc vcib "vyalaiavani". Tlis is
coiioboiaicd by ilc lollowing woids ol Taiiiiiya Aianyala (3.12.16):
saivani iupani viciiya dlio
namani liivablivadan yad asic
"Tlc all-lnowing Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaicd all loims and
namcs."
Adhikarana 13
The VehicIes of fhe SouI Are Made of Earfh
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc naiuic ol ilc maiciial body, wlicl is callcd by ilc namc "muiii" will
bc cxamincd. In ilc lilad-aiayanla (3.2.13) ii is said ilai ilc maiciial body is
madc ol caiil:
saiiam piilivm apy cii
"Tlc maiciial body bccomcs caiil."
Howcvci, in ilc Kaundinya-siuii ii is said ilai ilc maiciial body is madc ol
waici:
adblyo ldam uipadyaic apo vava mamsam asili ca blavaniy apal saiiam apa
cvcdam saivam.
"Iiom waici ilc maiciial body is cicaicd. Waici bccomcs iiansloimcd inio
llcsl and boncs. Tlc cniiic body is waici."
Anoilci icxi ol ilc Siuii-sasiia claims ilai ilc maiciial body is madc ol liic:
sal agnci dcva-yonyal
"Tlc dcmigods' bodics aic madc ol liic."
Samsaya (doubi): Wlai is ilc iiuil lcic'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Onc icxi says ilc maiciial body is madc ol
caiil, anoilci says ii is madc ol waici, and anoilci ilai ii is madc ol liic. lccausc
ilc sciipiuics givc ilcsc ilicc dillciing cxplanaiions, ilc iiuil cannoi bc
ascciiaincd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givc
His conclusion.
Sufra 21
mamsadi blaumam yaila-sabdam iiaiayos ca
mamsa-llcsl; adi-bcginning wiil; blaumam-caiil; yaila-as; sabdam-
ilc Siuii-sasiia; iiaiayol-ol ilc oilci iwo; ca-also.
As ilc Siuii-sasiia says, ilc llcsl and oilci ingicdicnis aic madc ol caiil. Ii
also so loi ilc oilci iwo.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ilcsl and oilci ingicdicnis aic madc ol caiil. Howcvci, blood is madc ol
waici, and boncs aic madc ol liic. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia (yaila-
sabdam). In ilc Gaibla Upanisad ii is said:
yai lailinam sa piiliv yad diavam iad apo yad usnam iai icjal
"Wlai is laid in ilc body is madc ol caiil, wlai is liquid is madc ol waici, and
wlai is loi is madc ol liic."
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai all maiciial bodics aic madc ol ilcsc ilicc
clcmcnis.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il ilc maiciial clcmcnis aic all compoundcd ol ilicc
clcmcnis, nonc ol ilc clcmcnis puic, bui all ol ilcm mixiuics ol clcmcnis, ilcn
wly do ilc sciipiuics say, "Tlis paii ol ilc body is madc ol liic, ilis paii is madc
ol waici, and ilis paii is madc ol caiil."'
To ilis objcciion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply:
Sufra 22
vaiscsai iu iad-vadas iad-vadal
vaiscsai-bccausc ol ilc spccilic naiuic; iu-bui; iai-ol ilai; vadal-
siaicmcni; iai-ol ilai; vadal-siaicmcni.
lccausc ol iis spccilic naiuic, ilus ii is so said. Tlus ii is so said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd io dispcl doubi. Lvciywlcic in ilc maiciial woild
ilc clcmcnis aic aiiangcd in ilicclold compounds wiil onc clcmcni
picdominaiing. Tlc clcmcnis aic ilcicloic namcd accoiding io ilc picdominaiing
clcmcni. Tlc woid "iad-vadal" is icpcaicd io indicaic ilc cnd ol ilc clapici.
EpiIogue
vaidlasva lalpaga samam samaniai
luiusva iapa-lsaiim asiiianam
ivad-anga-sanlini-laial paias ia
limsia lasad-yulii-luilaiilablil
O iicc ilai lullills all dcsiics, plcasc cxicnd youiscll in all diicciions. To ilcy
wlo ialc slclici ol you plcasc givc ilc sladc ilai siops all iioublcs. Tlc glisicning
axcs ol logic lavc now cui away ilc undcibiusl ilai clolcd you.
Chapfer 3
Pada 1
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
na vina sadlanaii dcvo
jnana-vaiiagya-blaliiblil
dadaii sva-padam siman
aias iani budlal siayci
Tlc gloiious Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad docs noi givc icsidcncc in His
abodc io ilcy wlo do noi lollow ilc pail ol dcvoiion, lnowlcdgc, and
icnunciaiion. Tlcicloic ilc wisc slould ialc slclici ol ilai pail.
In ilc picvious iwo clapicis was cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai ilc cniiic Vcdania
plilosoply dcsciibcs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is ilc only cicaioi
ol ilc maiciial woild, complcicly laulilcss, a jcwcl minc ol iiansccndcnial viiiucs,
cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss, ilc supicmc pcison, and mcdiiaicd on by ilcy
wlo sccl libciaiion. In ilosc clapicis all opposing vicws wcic icluicd, and ilc
ical naiuic ol ilc Supicmc was dcsciibcd.
In ilis iliid clapici will bc dcsciibcd ilc spiiiiual piaciiccs ilai slould bc
lollowcd in
oidci io aiiain ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc mosi impoiiani ol ilcsc
aic iliisi io aiiain ilc Supicmc Loid and a disinicicsi in wlai las no iclaiion io
ilc Loid. Tlai is cxplaincd in ilc liisi iwo padas.
In ilc liisi pada, in oidci io slow ilai onc slould icnouncc ilc woild, ilc
vaiious dclccis ol
maiciial cxisicncc aic cxplaincd. In ilis conncciion ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc soul's
iiavcls liom onc lind ol maiciial body io anoilci lind ol maiciial body aic quoicd
liom ilc Pancagni-vidya clapici ol ilc Clandogya Upanisad. In ilc sccond pada,
in oidci io slow ilai onc slould lovc ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc Loid's many gloiics
and viiiucs will bc dcsciibcd. In ilc Pancagni-vidya poiiion ol ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (Adlyaya 5, llandas 3-10) aic dcsciibcd ilc individual souls dcpaiiuic
loi anoilci woild and iciuin io ilis woild.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn ilc individual soul gocs io ilc ncxi woild docs lc ialc
lis subilc body wiil lim oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc soul docs noi ialc ilc subilc body wiil
lim.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
iad-aniaia-piaiipaiiau iamlaii sampaiisvalial piasna-niiupanablyam
iai - ol ilai; aniaia - ol anoilci; piaiipaiiau - in ilc aiiainmcni; iamlaii - gocs;
sampaiisvalial - cmbiaccd; piasna - liom ilc qucsiions; niiupanablyam - and
answcis.
In going io anoilci ii is cmbiaccd. Tlis is so liom ilc qucsiions and answcis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "iad" mcans "ilc body". Tlai mcaning is ialcn liom ilc woid
"muiii" in suiia 2.+.20. Wlcn ii lcavcs onc gioss maiciial body and cnicis
anoilci, ilc soul ialcs ilc subilc body wiil ii. How is ilai lnown' Ii is lnown
liom ilc qucsiions bcginning in Clandogya Upanisad 5.3.3 and answcis
bcginning in 5.+.1. Hcic is ilc gisi ol ilai passagc.
A ling namcd Piavalana, wlo was ilc iulci ol Pancala-dcsa, aslcd livc
qucsiions ol a bialmana bow namcd Svcialciu wlo lad comc io lis couii. Tlcsc
qucsiions conccincd: 1. ilc dcsiinaiion ol ilcy wlo pciloim pious dccds, 2. ilc
way ilcsc pcisons iciuin io ilc caiil, 3. ilcy wlo do noi aiiain ilai woild, +. low
ilc pail io ilc dcvas and ilc pail io ilc piias aic dillcicni pails, and 5. ilc
qucsiion cxpicsscd in ilcsc woids (Clandogya Upanisad 5.3.3):
vciila yaila pancamyam aluiav apal puiusa-vacaso blavanii
"Do you lnow wly ilc lilil libaiion is callcd
puiusa'
Unlappy bccausc lc did noi lnow ilc answci io ilcsc qucsiions, ilc boy
appioaclcd lis lailci, Gauiama Muni, and cxpicsscd lis soiiow. Tlc lailci also
did noi lnow ilc answcis
and, wisling io lcain ilcm, appioaclcd Piavalana. Piavalana wislcd io givc
wcalil io lis gucsi, bui Gauiama bcggcd liom lim ilc alms ol ilc answcis io ilc
livc qucsiions.
Answciing ilc lasi qucsiion liisi, Piavalana dcsciibcd (Clandogya Upanisad
(5.+.1) ilc livc liics: 1. lcavcn, 2. iain, 3. caiil, +. man, and 5. woman. Tlcn lc
dcsciibcd ilc livc libaiions loi ilcsc liics: 1. siaddla, 2.soma, 3. iain, +. lood, and
5. sccd. Tlc piicsis ollciing all ilcsc libaiions aic ilc dcvas. Tlc loma (yajna)
lcic is ilc dcvas' iliowing ol ilc spiiii soul, wlicl is cnvclopcd in iis subilc body,
up io ilc cclcsiial woilds (dyulola) so ii may cnjoy cclcsiial plcasuics.
Tlc dcvas lcic aic ilc scnscs ol ilc soul wlo las passcd iliougl dcail. Tlcsc
dcvas ollci siaddla in ilc liic ol ilc cclcsiial woild. Tlai siaddla bccomcs a
cclcsiial body namcd
somaiaja, a body suiiablc loi cnjoying cclcsiial plcasuics.
Wlcn ilc iimc ol cnjoymcni is ovci ilc dcvas ollci a yajna wlcic ilis body is
placcd in ilc liic ol paijanya and iiansloimcd inio iain. Tlc dcvas ilcn ollci a
yajna wlcic ilai iain is placcd in ilc liic ol caiil and iiansloimcd inio giains. Tlc
dcvas ilcn ollci a yajna wlcic ilosc giains aic placcd in ilc liic ol a man's lood
and iiansloimcd inio scmcn. Tlc dcvas ilcn ollci a yajna wlcic ilai scmcn is
placcd in ilc liic ol a woman's womb and iiansloimcd inio an unboin clild. In
ilai way ilc qucsiion was answcicd wiil ilc woids (Clandogya Upanisad 5.9.1):
iii iu pancamyam aluiav apal puiusa-vacaso blavanii.
"Tlus ilc lilil libaiion is callcd puiusa."
In ilis scqucncc ii is sccn ilai in ilc lilil libaiion scmcn is ollcicd in ilc liic ol
a woman's womb and ilc icsuli is a maiciial body, wlicl is ilus callcd puiusa.
Tlai is ilc mcaning. In ilis dcsciipiion ii is ilus sccn ilai, accompanicd by ilc
subilc maiciial body, ilc soul lcavcs onc gioss maiciial body, gocs io ilc cclcsiial
woild, lalls liom ilcic, and, siill accompanicd by ilc samc subilc maiciial body,
again cnicis a woman's womb.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc woid apal" (waici) is uscd lcic
wiil ilc woid "puiusa". How, ilcn, can ii bc ilai ilc soul is accompanicd by all
ilc clcmcnis ol ilc subilc maiciial body.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias answcis ilis objcciion.
Sufra 2
iiy-aimalaivai iu bluyasivai
iii-aimalaivai - bccausc ol bcing ilicclold; iu - bui; bluyasivai - bccausc ol
bcing piomincni.
lui bccausc ol bcing ilicclold and bccausc ol bcing piomincni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc oilci clcmcnis go
bccausc ilc waici lcic is ilicclold, a compound ol ilicc clcmcnis. lccausc ilc
scmcn, wlicl is ilc sccd ol ilc maiciial body, is piimaiily waici, ilcicloic ii is
poipci io call ii waici. In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
iapapanodo bluyasivam amblaso viiiayas iv imal
"lccausc ii las ilc powci io icmovc lcai, waici is said io picdominaic."
In ilis way ilc waici is piomincni.
Sufra 3
piana-gaics ca
piana - ol ilc pianas; gaicl - ol ilc dcpaiiuic; ca - and.
Also bccausc ol ilc pianas' dcpaiiuic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn ilc soul cnicis anoilci maiciial body ilc pianas also comc. Tlis is
dcsciibcd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.2):
iam uiliamaniam piano 'nuiliamaii pianam anuiliamaniam saivc piana
anuiliamanii.
"Wlcn ilc soul dcpaiis, ilc piincipal piana lollows. Wlcn ilc piincipal piana
dcpaiis, ilc oilci pianas lollow."
Tlc pianas cannoi cxisi wiiloui ialing slclici ol a mainiainci. Tlcy ialc
slclici ol ilc clcmcnis ol ilc subilc maiciial body. Tlcicloic ii musi bc acccpicd
ilai ilc subilc maiciial body accompanics ilc soul. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra +
agny-adi-gaii-siuici iii ccn na blaliaivai
agni - liic; adi - bcginning; gaii - going; siuicl - liomilc Siuii-sasiia; iii - ilus;
cci - il; na - noi;blaliaivai - bccausc oil bcing a mciaploi.
Il ii is said ilai ilc Siuii-sasiias dcsciibc ilc dcpaiiuic ol liic and oilci
clcmcnis, ilcn I icply: Ii is noi so, bccausc ii is a mciaploi only.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad ii is
said:
yasyasya puiusasya miiasyagnim vag apy cii vaiam pianas calsui adiiyam manas
candiam disal
sioiiam piilivm saiiam alasam aimausadli lomani vanaspain lcsa apsu
loliiam ca icias ca
nidlyaic.
"Wlcn a pcison dics lis spcaling powci cnicis ilc liic, lis bicail cnicis ilc
wind, lis cycs cnici ilc sun, lis mind cnicis ilc moon, lis cais cnici ilc
diicciions, lis body cnicis ilc caiil, lis soul cnicis ilc cilci, ilc laiis ol lis body
cnici ilc planis and lcibs, ilc laiis ol lis lcad cnici ilc iiccs, and lis blood and
scmcn cnici ilc waicis."
Tlcicloic ilc spcccl and oilci laculiics cnici ilc liic and oilci objccis. Tlcy
cannoi possiblc accompany ilc dcpaiiing soul. Tlai is ilc vcidici ol ilc Siuii-
sasiia.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains:
"blaliaivai" (bccausc ii is a mciaploi only). Ii is noi diiccily sccn ilai "ilc laiis
ol ilc body cnici ilc planis and lcibs, and ilc laiis ol ilc lcad cnici ilc iiccs,"
as ilis passagc dcclaics. Tlcicloic ilis passagc's dcsciipiion ol ilc cniiancc inio
liic and oilci clcmcnis is a mciaploi only. lccausc all ilcsc aic placcd iogcilci in
a singlc passagc ii is noi possiblc io say onc paii is mciaploi and anoilci paii is
noi mciaploi. Ii is noi sccn ilai ilc bodily laiis jump liom ilc body and cnici ilc
planis and lcibs. Tlcicloic ai ilc iimc ol dcail ilc voicc and oilci laculiics
icmpoiaiily ccasc bcing usclul io ilc soul, bui ilcy do noi lcavc. Tlcy accompany
ilc soul. Tlai is ilc conclusion ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Sufra 5
piailamc 'siavanad iii ccn na ia cva ly upapaiicl
piailamc - in ilc liisi; asiavanai - bccausc ol noi bcing dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-
sasiia; iii - ilus; cci - il;na - noi; ial - ilcy; cva - indccd; ly - indccd; upapaiicl -
bccausc ol bcing appiopiiaic.
Il ii is said ilai in ilc bcginning ilcic is no dcsciipiion, ilcn I icply. Ii is
indccd ilai, bccausc ilai is appiopiiaic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il ilc livc libaiions wcic all waici, ilcn ii would bc
possiblc io say ilai in ilc lilil libaiion ilc soul dcpaiis accompanicd by waici.
Howcvci, ilis is noi so. Ii is noi said ilai in ilc liisi libaiion waici is ollcicd inio
liic. Tlcic ii is said ilai "siaddla" is ollcicd. Ii says:
iasminn agnau dcval siaddlam julvaii
"Tlc dcvas ollci a yajna, placing siaddla in ilc liic."
Tlc woid "siaddla" iclcis io a paiiiculai siaic ol mind. Ii ncvci mcans "waici".
Tlc woid "soma" and oilci woids may bc inicipicicd io mcan "waici", bui is ii
noi possiblc io inicipici ilc woid "siaddla" io mcan waici". Tlcicloic ilc
dcpaiiing soul is noi accompanicd by waici.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Tlc siaddla ollcicd inio liic in ilc
bcginning lcic is indccd waici. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "upapaiicl"
(bccausc ii is appiopiiaic). Ii is appiopiiaic in ilc conicxi ol ilis qucsiion and
answci. Tlc qucsiion lcic is: "Do you lnow wly ilc waici in ilc lilil libaiion is
callcd puiusa'" Iiom ilis is is sccn ilai all ilc ollciings inio ilc liic lcic aic
waici. Tlcn, in ilc bcginning ol ilc icply ii is said: Siaddla is ollcicd inio ilc
liic". Il ilc woid siaddla" lcic docs noi mcan "waici", ilcn ilc answci docs noi
piopcily icply io ilc qucsiion. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Waici is ollcicd in ilcsc livc
libaiions. lccausc waici
is clcaily ollcicd in ilc lasi loui, ii is appiopiiaic ilai ii also bc ollcicd in ilc liisi.
Ii is sccn ilai ilc ollciings ol soma, iain, and ilc oilcis, aic clcaily all causcd by
siaddla. lccausc ilc causc musi bc lilc ilc cllcci, ilcicloic, ilc ollciing ol
siaddla musi also bc waici. Tlcicloic ilc woid siaddla" lcic mcans "waici".
Tlc Siuii-sasiia (Taiiiiiya-samliia 1.6.S.1) cxplains:
siaddla va apal
"Tlc woid siaddla mcans waici."
Tlcicloic ilc woid "siaddla" lcic docs noi iclci io a condiiion ol ilc mind.
Tlc mcaning ol a condiiion ol ilc mind is noi appiopiiaic in ilis conicxi ol
ollciing yajnas. In ilis way ii is slown ilai ilc dcpaiiing soul is cciiainly
accompanicd by waici.
Hcic somconc may objcci: In ilis paii ol ilc Siuii-sasiia ii said ilai ilc waici
dcpaiis, bui ii is noi said ilai ilc soul dcpaiis. Tlc soul is noi mcniioncd in ilis
passagc.
To icmovc ilis doubi ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 6
asiuiaivad iii ccn na isiadi-laiinam piaiicl
asiuiaivai - bccausc ol noi bcing dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia; iii - ilus; cci - il;
na - noi; isiadilaiinam - by ilcy wlo pcilom pious dccds; piaiicl - bccausc ol ilc
undcisianding.
Il ii is said ilai ilis is noi piovcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia, ilcn I icply: No, bccausc
ilis is undcisiood io bc aboui ilcy wlo pciloim pious dccds.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "asiuiaiva" lcic mcans "unpiovcd". Tlc passagc in ilc Clandogya
Upanisad dcsciibcs ilc iiavcl io ilc moon ol ilcy wlo pciloim pious dccds. Tlc
passagc siaics (Clandogya Upanisad 5.10.3-+):
aila ya imc giamc isiapuiic daiiam iiy upasaic ic dlumam ablisamvisanii. . .
alasac candiamasam csa somo iaja.
"Tlcy wlo pciloim pious dccds in ilcii villagc cnici ilc smolc, . . . and ilcn
ilcy go liom ilc sly io ilc moon planci, wlcic ilc bccomc ilc ling ol soma."
In ilis way ilcy wlo pciloim pious dccds go io ilc moon and bccomc lnown
as Somaiaja (ilc ling ol soma).
Aboui ilc liic and Dcvalola ii is said (Clandogya Upanisad 5.+.2):
dcval siaddlam julvaii. iasyal aluicl somo iaja samblavaii.
"Tlc dcvas ollci siaddla in saciilicc. Iiom ilai ollciing lc bccomcs a ling ol
soma."
In ilis way siaddla-saiia (a body madc ol siaddla) and somaiaja (ilc ling ol
soma) boil iclci io ilc samc iling. Tlcy boil mcan "body" and in ilis conicxi ilc
woid body" mcans ilc individual spiiii soul, bccausc ilc soul ialcs slclici ol a
body. In ilis way ii is undcisiood ilai ilc dcpaiiing soul is accompanicd by waici.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai in ilc Clandogya Upanisad (5.10.+)
ii is said:
csa somo iaja dcvanam annam iam dcva blalsayanii
"Tlai ling ol soma is ilc dcvas' lood. Tlc dcvas cai ii."
lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia ilus says ilai ilis ling ol soma is caicn by ilc dcvas ii
is noi possiblc ilai ilc pliasc ling ol soma" lcic iclcis io ilc individual spiiii
soul, loi no onc can cai ilc soul.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 7
blaliam vanaima-viiivai iaila li daisayaii
blaliam - mciaploi; va - oi; an - noi; aima - ilc soul; vii - lnowing; ivai -
bccausc ol ilc condiiion; iaila - so;li - indccd; daisayaii - slows.
Oi ii is a mciaploi, bccausc ol ignoiancc ol ilc Supcisoul. Tlis ilc Siuii-sasiia
slows.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "va" (oi) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid "somaiaja" lcic
iclcis oi ilc individual spiiii soul. Tlc dcsciipiion ilai ii is ilc dcvas' lood is only
a mciaploi. Tlc soul is said io bc ilc dcvas' lood bccausc ilc soul scivcs ilc dcvas
and ilus plcascs ilcm. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlc do ilis bccausc ilcy aic ignoiani
ol ilc Supcisoul. Tlc Siuii-sasiia slows ilai ilcy wlo aic ignoiani ol ilc
Supcisoul bccomc scivanis ol ilc dcvas. In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.10) ii is
said:
aila yo 'nyam dcvaiam upasic anyo 'sav anyo 'lam asmii na sa
vcda yaila pasui cva sa dcvanam.
"A pcison wlo ilinls, I am dillcicni liom ilc dcmigods' woislips ilc
dcmigods. Hc bccomcs lilc an animal in ilc dcmigods' scivicc.
Hcic is ilc mcaning ol ilis. Ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc dcvas cai ilc individual
souls. ilc mcaning lcic is ilai ilc souls plcasc ilc dcmigods and in ilis way
bccomc lilc lood loi
ilcm. Tlcy plcasc ilc dcmigods by sciving ilcm. Ii is said:
viso 'nnam iajnam pasavo 'nnam visam
"Tlc vaisyas aic ilc lsaiiiyas' lood, and ilc cows aic ilc vaisyas' lood."
In ilis passagc ii is clcai ilai ilc woid "lood" is noi uscd liicially. Ii is uscd io
mcan "scivani".Il ilc woid lood" wcic uscd in ilc liicial scnsc, ilcn ilc iulcs ol
ilc jyoiisioma and oilci yajnas would all bc mcaninglcss. Il ilc dcvas aic
wlomcvci wcni io Candialola, wly would ilc souls bcso cagci io pciloim yajnas
and go ilcic' In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc dcpiiing soul is accompanicd by
waici.
Adhikarana 2
The SouI's Refurn fo fhe Earfh
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (Siaicmcni ol ilc Subjcci): Iollowing Clandogya Upanisad 5.10.3,
wlicl dcsciibcs low ilc soul ilai las pciloimcd pious dccds iiavcls by ilc smolc
and oilci pailways, aiiains
Svaigalola, siays ilcic loi somc iimc, and ilcn again iciuins io ilc caiil, is ilis
passagc (Clandogya Upanisad 5.10.5):
yavai sampaium usiivailaiiam cvadlvanam punai nivaiiaic.
"Alici siaying ilcic loi somc iimc lis laima is
cxlausicd and lc again iciuins."
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn ii lcavcs Svaigalola, docs ilc soul biing iis pasi laima
oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc soul siays in Svaigalola loi as long as
lc las ilc icsulis ol pasi laima. Tlis is dcsciibcd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(+.+.6):
piapyaniam laimanas iasya
"Hc siays ilcic uniil lc icaclcs ilc cnd ol lis laima."
Tlis slows ilai ilc soul only lalls wlcn lis pasi laima is complcicly
cxlausicd. Tlc woid "sampaia" (laima) is dciivcd liom ilc vcib "sampai" (io
asccnd), as in ilc woids "sampaianiy ancna svaigam" (ilc insiiumcni by wlicl
ilc souls asccnd io Svaigalola). Tlc woid "anusaya" (wlicl also mcans laima) is
dciivcd liom ilc vcib sis" (io icmain) and mcans "ilai wlicl icmains alici onc
las cnjoycd". Ii mcans "ilai wlicl icmains and puslcs ilc soul io cxpciicncc
cciiain icsulis." In Svaigalola onc uscs up all lis pasi laima, and ilcicloic no
luiilci laima icmains.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 8
liiaiyayc 'nusayavan disia-smiiiblyam
liia - ol wlai is donc; aiyayc - ai ilc cnd; anusaya - laima; van - posscssing;
disia - liom ilc Siuii-sasiia; smiiiblyam - liom ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Ai ilc cnd ilcic is siill laima, bccausc ol ilc siaicmcnis ol Siuii and Smiii
sasiias.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn ilc good laima ol pious dccds pciloimcd io cnjoy in Candialola is
cxlausicd, ilc cnjoymcni cnds and ilc soul aiiains a ncw body io cnici llamcs ol
sullciing. In ilis way, wlcn lis good laima is cxlausicd, lc lalls down. How is
ilai lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains: "disia-smiiiblyam" (by ilc siaicmcnis ol Siuii
and Smiii sasiias). Tlc Siuii-sasiia (Clandogya Upanisad 5.10.7) cxplains:
iad ayam iamanya-caianablyaso la yai ic iamanyam yonim apadycian
bialmana-yonim va lsaiiiya-yonim vaisya-yonim va. aila ya ila lapuya-
caianablyaso la yai ic lapuyam yonim apadycian sva-yonim va sulaia-yonim va
candala-yonim va.
"Wlcn onc acis piously, lc aiiains a good biiil. Hc is boin as a bialmana oi a
lsaiiiya oi a vaisya. Wlcn onc acis sinlully, lc aiiains a sinlul biiil. Hc is boin as
a dog, a pig, oi an ouicasic."
Hcic ilc woids "iamaniya-caiana" mcans pious dccds". Tlis iclcis io pious
laima icmaining alici onc las cnjoycd pious laimas. Tlc woid "ablyasa" mcans
"icpcaicd piaciicc". Tlis woid is loimcd liom ilc vcib "as", ilc picposiiion
"abli" and ilc allix lvip". Tlc mcaning ol ilc woid "la" (indccd) is obvious. Tlc
woid "yai" mcans "wlcn". In ilis passagc ilcic aic wlcn-ilcn clauscs.
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
ila punai-blavc ic ublaya-scsablyam nivisanii.
"Accompanicd by ilc icmnanis ol ilcii good and bad laima, ilcy again cnici
ilc woild ol icpcaicd biiil."
In ilis way ii is clcai ilai ilc soul lalling liom Svaigalola siill las pasi laima.
Tlis docs noi coniiadici ilc dcsciipiion in Clandogya Upanisad 5.10.5 bccausc
ilai passagc dcsciibcd only ilc cxlausiion ol ilc spccilic laimas ilai biougli ilc
soul io Svaigalola and noi ilc cxlausiion ol oilci laimas.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias dcsciibcs ilc mcilod ol ilc soul's dcsccni.
Sufra 9
yailciam ancvam ca
yaila - as; iiam - dcpaiicd; an - noi; cvam - ilus;ca - and.
Also, noi as lc wcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc soul, wlo siill las laima, docs noi dcsccnd liom Candialola in ilc samc
way lc iosc io Candialola. Tlc woids yaila iiam" mcan "as lc aiiivcd". Tlc woid
"an-cvam" mcans "in a dillcicni way". Tlc soul dcsccnds by ilc pail ol smolc
and ilc pail ol cilci. Tlcsc pails wcic also iiavclcd in ilc asccni. Howcvci, in ilc
dcsccni ilcic is no mcniion ol ilc nigli oi oilci pails uscd in ilc asccni. Also, in
ilc dcsccni ilcic is mcniion ol ilc cloud and oilci pails noi uscd in ilc asccni.
Tlcicloic ilc dcsccni is noi lilc (ancvam) ilc asccni.
Sufra 10
caianad iii ccn na iad-upalalsanaiilcii laisnajinil
caianai - by conduci; iii - ilus; cci - il; na - noi;iad-upalalsana-aiila - ilai
mcaning; iii - ilus; laisnajinil - Kaisnajini.
Il ii is said io bc by conduci, ilcn Kaisnajini icplics: No. Hcic ii las ilc samc
mcaning.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi so ilai ilc soul lallcn liom Svaigalola
aiiains a ncw biiil accoiding io lis pasi laima. Tlc passagc quoicd lcic liom ilc
Siuii-sasiia uscs ilc woid
iamanya-caiana" (good conduci). Tlc woid "caiana" mcans "conduci". Ii las noi
ilc samc mcaning as anusaya" (laima). Tlc dillcicncc ol ilc iwo woids is sccn in
ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad:
yailacai yailalai iaila blavaii
"As onc pciloimcd caiana, and as onc pciloimcd laima, so onc aiiains an
appiopiiaic biiil."
To ilis I icply: Tlcic is no lauli lcic io inicipici ilc woid "caiana" as a
synonym ol laima. Kaisnajini Muni alliims ilai in ilis passagc ol Clandogya
Upanisad (5.10.7) ilc woid "caiana" mcans laima. Tlis is also iiuc bccausc ilc
Siuii-sasiias alliim ilai laima is ilc oiigin ol conduci. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra 11
anaiilalyam iii ccn na iad-apclsaivai
anaiilalyam - mcaninglcssncss; iii - ilus; cci - ol;na - noi; iad-apclsaivai -
bccausc ol bcing in iclaiion io ilai.
Il ii is said ilai ii las no mcaning, ilcn I icply: No. lccausc ii is in iclaiion io
ilai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il laima is indccd ilc souicc ol all ilai is good, ilcn
good conduci is usclcss and ilc iulcs ol good conduci aic also usclcss.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics: No. Ii is noi so. Wly noi'
Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc good laima iiscll is cicaicd by good conduci." Onc
cannoi aiiain good
laima wiiloui pciloiming good conduci. Tlc Smiii-sasiia cxplains:
sandlya-lno 'sucii niiyam anailal saiva-laimasu
"A pcison wlo is impuic and docs noi clani ilc Gayaii piayci is noi qualilicd
io pciloim any pious laimas."
Tlcicloic, Kaisnajini Muni cxplains, bccausc good conduci is ilc causc ol good
laima, ilc woid "caiana" in ilis passagc mcans "laima".
Sufra 12
suliia-dusliic cvcii iu badaiil
suliia-pious dccds; dusliic-impious dccds; cva-indccd; iii-ilus; iu-bui;
badaiil-ladaii.
lui ladaii Muni indccd ilinls ii mcans pious and impious dccds.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io bcgin a icluiaiion ol ilc picvious
aigumcni. ladaii Muni ilinls ilc woid "caiana" lcic mcans "pious and impious
dccds". An cxamplc ol ilis is ilc scnicncc:
punyam laimacaiaii
"Hc pciloims pious dccds"
In ilis scnicncc ilc vcib "caiaii" is uscd io mcan "pciloims laimas". Il a
woid's piimaiy mcaning is possiblc, ilcn ii is noi appiopiiaic io acccpi ilc
sccondaiy mcaning. Tlcicloic ilc woid "caiana" lcic mcans laima", and any
oilci inicipiciaiion ol ii is mcaninglcss. "Caiana" (good conduci) is mcicly a
spccilic lind ol laima. Caiana and laima aic ilus dillcicni in ilc samc way ilc
Kuius and Panavas aic dillcicni. Tlc woid "cva" (indccd) linis ilai ilis is also ilc
opinion ol ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias. Tlcicloic, sincc "caiana" is a spccilic lind ol
laima, ii is piovcd ilai ilc soul dcpaiiing liom Svaigalola is accompanicd by ilc
icmaindci ol iis laima.
Adhikarana 3
Do fhe Impious AIso Go fo CandraIoka:
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlus ii las bccn said ilai a pcison wlo pciloims pious dccds gocs io
Candialola and ilcn again iciuins wiil ilc icmaindci ol lis laima. Now will bc
discusscd wlcilci sinncis wlo pciloim no pious dccds also go and iciuin in ilc
samc way. In Isa Upanisad (3) ii is said:
asuiya nama ic lola
andlcna iamasaviial
iams ic piciyabligacclanii
yc lc caima-lano janal
"Tlc lillci ol ilc soul, wlocvci lc may bc, musi cnici inio ilc plancis lnown
as ilc woilds ol ilc laiillcss, lull ol dailncss and ignoiancc."
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc sinncis go io Candialola oi Yamalola'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc opponcni givcs lis opinion in ilc
lollowing suiia.
Sufra 13
anisiadi-laiinam api ca siuiam
an-noi; isia-pious dccds; adi-bcginning wiil; laiinam-ol ilc pciloimcis;
api-also; ca-and; siuiam-in ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Tlc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai ii is also so loi ilcy wlo do noi pciloim isia oi
oilci pious dccds.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai ilcy wlo pciloim isia and oilci pious dccds, as
wcll as ilcy wlo do noi pciloim isia and oilci pious dccds, boil go io
Candialola. Tlis is cxplaincd in ilc Kausiali Upanisad (1.2):
yc vai lc casmal lolai piayanii candiamasam cva ic saivc gacclanii
"All wlo lcavc ilis woild go io Candialola."
Sincc wiil ilcsc woids ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai all, wiiloui disiinciion,
go io Candialola, ilcn sinncis aic also includcd in ilai all. Tlis bcing so, ilc
woids ol Isa Upanisad aic only an cmpiy ilicai io liiglicn ilc sinncis liom aciing
badly. In iiuil ilc pious and ilc sinnci boil aiiain ilc samc icsuli.
To ilis I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Tlc sinnci docs noi cnjoy lappincss.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1+
samyamanc iv anubluyciaicsam aiolavaiolau iad-gaii-daisanai
samyamanc-in Samyamani Puii; iv-bui; anubluya-cxpciicncing;
iiaicsam-ol oilcis; aiola-asccni; avaiolau-dcsccni; iai-ol ilcm; gaii-iiavcl;
daisanai-by ilc Siuii-sasiia.
lui ilc oilcis go io and iciuin liom Samyamana-puia. ilc Siuii-sasiia
dcsciibcs ilis as ilcii iiavcls.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc Puivapalsa. Tlc
woid "iiaicsam" (ol ilc oilcis) lcic mcans "ol ilcy wlo did noi pciloim isia and
oilci pious dccds". Tlc woid "samyamanc" mcans in ilc ciiy ol Yamaiaja". Tlai
is wlcic ilcy go. Tlcic ilcy aic punislcd by Yamaiaja and ilcn scni bacl io ilc
caiil. Tlcii dcpaiiuic and iciuin is lilc ilai. Wly do you say ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "iad-gaii-daisanai" (lccausc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs ilis as ilcii iiavcls).
In ilc Kaila Upanisad (1.2.6) Yamaiaja cxplains:
na sampaiayal piaiiblaii balam
piamadyaniam viiia-molcna mudlam
ayam lolo nasii paia iii man
punal punai vasam apadyaic mc
"Tlc pail io libciaiion docs noi appcai bcloic a clildisl lool inioxicaicd by ilc
illusoiy wcalil ol ilis woild. Hc wlo ilinls, Tlis is ilc only woild. Tlcic is no
woild bcyond ilis,' lalls inio my coniiol again and again."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai ilc sinncis aic punislcd by Yamaiaja.
Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra 15
smaianii ca
smaianii-ilc Smiii-sasiia; ca-also.
Tlc Smiii-sasiias also alliim ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Simad-llagavaiam (3.30.23) cxplains:
iaiia iaiia paian clianio
muicliial punai uiiliial
paila papyasa nias
iaiasa yama-sadanam
"Wlilc passing on ilai ioad io ilc abodc ol Yamaiaja, lc lalls down in laiiguc,
and somciimcs lc bccomcs unconscious, bui lc is loiccd io iisc again. In ilis way
lc is vciy quiclly biougli io ilc picscncc ol Yamaiaja."
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is also said:
saivc caiic vasam yanii yamasya blagavan.
"O Loid, all sinncis comc undci Yamaija's dominion."
In ilis way ilc sagcs and Smiii-sasiias alliim ilai ilc sinncis comc undci
Yamaiaja's coniiol.
Sufra 16
api sapia
api-also; sapia-scvcn.
Tlcic aic scvcn and oilcis also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Malablaiaia ii is said:
iauiavo 'ila malams caiva
valnii vaiiaian iaila
lumblpala iii pioliany
aniiya-naialani iu
iamisias canda-iamisio
dvau niiyau sampialiiiiau
iii sapia piadlanani
balyas iuiiaioiiaiam
"Tlc icmpoiaiy lclls namcd 1. Rauiava, 2. Malan, 3. Valni, +. Vaiiaian, and
5. Kumblpala, as wcll as ilc pcimancni lclls namcd 6. Tamisia, and 7. Andla-
iamisia, aic said io bc ilc scvcn mosi impoiiani lclls, cacl onc moic loiiiblc
ilan ilc lasi."
Tlus ilc Smiii-sasiia cxplains ilai sinncis aic punislcd loi ilcii sins in ilcsc
lclls. Tlcsc lclls aic ilc placcs wlcic sinncis go. Tlc woid "api" (also) is uscd io
indicaic ilai in ilc Iilil Canio ol Simad-llagavaiam oilci lclls aic also
dcsciibcd.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Docs ilis (ilc dcsciipiion ol Yamaiaja's punislmcni
ol sinncis) noi coniiadici ilc sciipiuics' dcclaiaiion ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad is ilc supicmc coniiollci ol cvciyiling'
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias now answcis ilis objcciion:
Sufra 17
iaiiapi ca iad-vyapaiad aviiodlal
iaiia-ilcic; api-cvcn; ca-also; iai-ol Him; vyapaiai-bccausc ol ilc
aciiviiics; a-wiiloui; viiodlal-coniiadiciion.
Tlcic is no coniiadiciion, loi Hc also acis ilcic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (and) is lcic uscd loi cmplasis. Yamaiaja and oilcis punisl
sinncis by ilc command ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis docs noi
coniiadici ilc sciipiuics' dcsciipiion ol ilc Loid's supicmacy. Tlai is ilc
mcaning. Tlc Puianas alliim ilai, on ilc Supicmc Loid's oidci, Yamaiaja and
oilcis punisl sinncis.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii musi bc ilai, alici iccciving punislmcni liom
Yamaiaja, sinncis also asccnd io Candialola. Tlis musi bc so, loi ilc Kausiali
Upanisad alliims ilai all wlo lcavc ilis woild iiavcl io Candialola.
To icluic ilis misconccpiion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias spcals ilc lollowing
woids.
Sufra 18
vidya-laimanos iv iii pialiiaivai
vidya-ol lnowlcdgc; laimanol-ol aciion; iu-bui; iii-ilus; pialiiaivai-
bccausc ol bcing ilc iopics.
lui bccausc pious dccds and lnowlcdgc aic ilc iopics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd io bcgin ilc answci io ilc picvious objcciion. Tlc
woid "na" (Ii is noi so) is io bc undcisiood in ilis suiia. Sinncis do noi go io
Candialola. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains ilai only ilcy wlo pciloim pious dccds
oi aic siiuaicd in iiuc lnowlcdgc (vidya-laimanol) iiavcl io ilc woilds ol ilc
dcvas and piias. Tlai is ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc sciipiuics (pialiiaivai). In ilc
Clandogya Upanisad (5.10.1) ii is said ilai ilcy wlo aic siiuaicd in lnowlcdgc
iiavcl on ilc pail io ilc dcvas. In Clandogya Upanisad (5.10.3) ii is said ilai ilcy
wlo pciloim pious dccds iiavcl on ilc pail io ilc piias. Tlus wlcn ii is said ilai
all (saivc) go io Candialola, ilc mcaning is ilai all wlo lavc qualilicd ilcmsclvcs
in ilcsc ways go io Candialola.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai wiiloui liisi going io Candialola ii
is noi possiblc loi sinncis io aiiain a ncw maiciial body' Tlis is ilc icason:
lccausc (wiiloui liisi going io Candialola) ii is noi possiblc io ollci ilc lilil
libaiion (by wlicl onc aiiains a ncw body). Tlcicloic, in oidci io aiiain a ncw
maiciial body, all musi liisi go io Candialola.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing
icply.
Sufra 19
na iiiyc iailopalabdlcl
na-noi; iiiyc-in ilc iliid; iaila-so; upalabdlcl-bccausc ol ilc
pciccpiion.
Noi so in ilc iliid, loi ii is so pciccivcd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc iliid placc ilcic is no nccd io ollci ilc lilil libaiion io aiiain a ncw
maiciial body. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains: "iailopalabdlcl" (bccausc ii is so
pciccivcd). Tlis mcans: "lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai ii is so." In ilc
Clandogya Upanisad ilc lollowing qucsiion is poscd:
yailasau lolo na sampuiyaic
"Do you lnow wly ilc woild ncvci bccomcs lillcd'"
Tlc answci is givcn (Clandogya Upanisad 5.10.S):
ailaiiayol pailoi na laiaicna ca ianmani lsudiany asalid aviiini bluiani jvanii
jayasva miiyasvciy ciai iiiyam silanam. icnasau lolo na sampuiyaic.
"Tlcic aic ilcsc iwo pails and ilcic is also anoilci pail, wlcic many iiny
cicaiuics livc, and wlcic ilcy aic oidcicd: Now you musi bc boin.' and Now you
musi dic.' Ii is bccausc ol ilis iliid placc ilai ilc woild ncvci bccomcs lillcd."
Asidc liom ilc woilds ol ilc dcvas and ilc woilds ol ilc piias, ilcic is
anoilci, a iliid woild, ilc lomc ol iiny cicaiuics lilc mosquiiocs, insccis, and
woims, cicaiuics wlo do noi go io ilc liglci woilds, bui aic simply again and
again oidcicd: "Now you musi bc boin." and "Now you musi dic." In ilis way
ilcy aic boin again and again and ilcy dic again and again. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Tlcii abodc is ilis iliid woild. Ii is said ilai sinncis ialc biiil in ilc bodics ol
ilcsc insccis and oilci lowci cicaiuics. Tlcii placc is ilc iliid woild bccausc ii is
dillcicni liom ilc liisi and sccond woilds: lialmalola and Dyulola.
lccausc ilcy lavc noi aiiaincd iiuc lnowlcdgc and ilus bccomc ablc io iiavcl
io ilc woild ol ilc dcvas, and bccausc ilcy lavc noi pciloimcd pious dccds and
ilus bccomc ablc io iiavcl io ilc woild ol ilc piias, ilcy bccomc iiny cicaiuics
lilc mosquiiocs and insccis and ilcy siay in a iliid woild. Tlai is wly ilc oilci
woilds do noi bccomc lillcd io ovcillowing. Tlcsc cicaiuics nciilci iisc io noi
dcsccnd liom ilc cclcsiial woilds ol Dyulola, and loi ilai icason Dyulola docs
noi bccomc ovcilillcd. Tlcy siay in a iliid woild, wlcic ilcy do noi ollci ilc lilil
oblaiion in oidci io aiiain a ncw body.
Sufra 20
smaiyaic 'pi ca lolc
smaiyaic-alliimcd in ilc Smiii-sasiia; api-and; ca-also; lolc-in ilc woild.
Tlc Smiii-sasiias alliim ilai ii is also in ilis woild.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis woild also somc pious pcisons, Diona and Dlisiadyumna aic iwo
cxamplcs, also aiiain ncw bodics wiiloui ollciing a lilil oblaiion. Tlis is dcsciibcd
in ilc Smiii-sasiias. Tlc woids "api ca" (and also) lini ilai ilcic aic oilci
cxamplcs also.
Sufra 21
daisanac ca
daisanai-liom sccing; ca-also.
Iiom sccing also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.3.1) ii is said:
icsam llalv csam bluianam iiny cva bjani blavanii. anda-jam jva-jam udblij-
jam.
"Living bcings aic boin in onc ol ilicc ways. Somc aic boin liom an cgg, somc
aic boin livc, and somc aic planis spiouiing liom a sccd."
Tlc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai planis spiouiing liom a sccd and iiny cicaiuics
boin liom pcispiiaiion ialc biiil wiiloui ilc lilil oblaiion. Tlcy nciilci asccnd
io noi dcsccnd liom Candialola. Tlcy aic boin liom waici wiiloui ilc lilil
oblaiion. Tlis vicw is noi coniiadicicd by ilc sciipiuics.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc passagc you quoicd liom Clandogya Upanisad
mcniioncd ilicc linds ol biiil bui did noi mcniion biiil liom pcispiiaiion.
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias now givcs lis answci io ilis objcciion.
Sufra 22
iiiya-sabdavaiodlal samsola-jasya
iiiya-sabda-woid; avaiodlal-dcsciipiion; samsola-liom giicl; jasya-
boin.
Tlc giicl-boin is includcd in ilc iliid woid.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc pcispiiaiion boin cicaiuics, lcic callcd giicl-boin, aic includcd in ilc
dcsciipiion ol planis boin liom sccds. lccausc ilcy aic boil boin by buisiing
loiil, onc buisiing liom caiil and ilc oilci buisiing liom waici, ilcy aic
considcicd in ilc samc class. Tlcy dillci in ilai onc onc (ilc pcispiiaiion-boin
cicaiuics) las ilc powci io movc aboui and ilc oilci (ilc planis) docs noi. In ilis
way ii is piovcd ilai ilcy wlo do noi pciloim pious dccds do noi go io
Candialola.
Adhikarana +
The SouI Does Nof Become Efher
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii las alicady bccn slown ilai ilc soul wlo pciloims pious dccds gocs,
accompanicd by lis subilc maiciial body, io Candialola, and (alici somc iimc
again) dcsccnds, accompanicd by ilc icmnani ol lis laima, (io ilc caiil). Tlc
way ilis lappcns is dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad (5.10.5):
ailaiiam cvadlvanam punai nivaiianic yailciam alasasm alasad vayul blavaii
vayui bluiva dlumo blavaii dlumo bluiva abliam blavaiy abliam bluiva
mcglo blavaii mcglo bluiva piavaisaii
"Hc iciuins by ilis pail. Iiisi lc bccomcs cilci. Iiom cilci lc bccomcs aii.
Having bccomc aii lc bccomcs smolc. Having bccomc smolc lc bccomcs misi.
Having bccomc misi lc bccomcs a cloud. Having bccomc a cloud, lc bccomcs
iain."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc dcsccni liicially lilc ilis, oi is ii noi lilc ilis'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlis accouni ol ilc dcsccnding soul
bccoming cilci and oilci ilings is io bc acccpicd liicially. Duiing iis dcsccni docs
ilc soul bccomc complcicly idcniical wiil ilcsc vaiious ilings, oi docs ii bccomc
only similai io ilcm' Il ilc soul bccomcs only similai, ilcn a sccondaiy
inicipiciaiion ol ilc passagc musi bc acccpicd. Ioi ilis icason ii slould bc
undcisiood ilai ilc soul bccomcs complcicly idcniical wiil ilcsc dillcicni ilings.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 23
iai-svablavyapaiiii upapaiicl
iai-ol ilcm; svablavya-similaiiiy; apaiiil-aiiainmcni; upapaiicl-bccausc
ol bcing icasonablc.
Ii is similai io ilcm, loi ilai is icasonablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis passagc slould bc inicipicicd io mcan ilai ilc soul bccomcs similai io
ilcsc ilings. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "upapaiicl" (loi ilai is icasonablc).
On Candialola ilc soul aiiains a a body suiiablc loi cnjoymcni. Howcvci, wlcn
ilc iimc loi cnjoymcni comcs io an cnd, ilai body pciislcs in ilc liic ol giicl,
jusi as misi pciislcs in ilc sunligli. Tlus dcpiivcd ol iis cxicinal body, ilc soul
bccomcs lilc cilci. Tlcn ilc soul comcs undci ilc coniiol ol aii. Tlcn ilc soul
comcs inio coniaci wiil smolc and ilc oilci ilings. Tlai is a icasonablc
cxplanaiion ol ilcsc cvcnis. Tlis is so bccausc ii is noi possiblc loi onc iling io
bccomc anoilci, and also bccausc il ii did indccd bccomc cilci oi ilcsc oilci
ilings, ii would noi bc possiblc loi ilc soul io coniinuc iis dcsccni.
Adhikarana 5
The Passage From Efher fo Rain Is Quick
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc soul's dcsccni liom cilci io iain accomplislcd quiclly
oi slowly'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): No ouisidc loicc puslcs ii, so ilc soul musi
piocccd vciy slowly.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 2+
naii-ciicna viscsai
na-noi; aii-vciy; ciicna-loi long; viscsai-bccausc ol somciling spccilic.
Noi loi vciy long, bccausc ol somciling spccilic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc soul's dcsccni liom cilci and ilc oilci ilings docs noi ialc a long iimc.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: viscsai" (bccausc ol somciling spccilic). Tlc
spccilic iling lcic is a spccilic siaicmcni ilai ilc passagc iliougl iicc and oilci
giains is vciy dilliculi. lccausc ilis paii ol ilc passagc is singlcd oui as cspccially
dilliculi ii may bc inlciicd ilai ilc oilci paiis ol ilc passagc aic quiclly
accomplislcd.
Adhikarana 6
The Descending SouI Does Nof Take Birfh Among fhe PIanfs
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (siaicmcni): Tlc passagc alici cniciing iain is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing
siaicmcni ol Siuii-sasiia:
ia ila vili-yava ausadli-vanaspaiayas iila-masa jayanic
"Tlc dcsccnding souls ilcn ialc biiil as iicc, bailcy, planis, iiccs, scsamc, and
bcans."
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc souls liicially ialc biiil as iicc oi ilcsc oilci spccics,
oi is ilis dcsciipiion mciaploiical'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc icxi says jayanic" (ilcy ialc biiil).
Tlis is slould bc ialcn liicially.
Siddlania: In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs His conclusion.
Sufra 25
anyadlisiliic puivavad ablilapai
anya-by an oilci; adlisiliic-occupicd; puiva-bcloic; vai-lilc; ablilapai-
bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni.
In wlai is occupicd by anoilci bccausc ol a siaicmcni lilc ilc picvious.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilc bodics ol ilc planis and oilci bcings aic alicady inlabiicd by oilci
spiiii souls, ilc dcsciipiion lcic is mciaploiical. Tlc dcsccnding souls aic noi
boin in ilosc spccics io cxpciicncc ilcii laima. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains:
puivavad ablilapai" (bccausc ol a siaicmcni lilc ilc picvious). As ii was
picviously said ilai ilc dcsccnding soul docs noi bccomc cilci, oi ilc oilci
ilings in iis dcsccni, bui mcicly comcs inio coniaci wiil ilcm, so ilc lallcn soul
mcicly comcs inio coniaci wiil ilc iicc and oilci spccics. Tlai is ilc mcaning. As
wlcn ii cnicis ilc cilci ilc dcsccnding soul is noi yci cxpciicncing ilc spccilic
icsulis ol vaiious pious and impious dccds, so wlcn ii lalls down in ilc iain ilc
soul is also noi yci cxpciicncing ilc icsulis ol spccilic dccds. Tlis ilc sciipiuics
say. In Clandogya Upanisad (5.10.7) ii is said: Tlcy wlo aci piously aiiain an
auspicious biiil. Tlcy wlo do noi aci piously aiiain a biiil ilai is noi
auspicious." Tlcicloic ilc dcsciipiion lcic ilai ilc dcsccnding souls ialc biiil
in ilis way is mciaploiical. Ii is noi liicial.
Sufra 26
asuddlam iii ccn na sabdai
asuddlam-impuic; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi; sabdai-bccausc ol Siuii-
sasiia.
Il ii is said io bc impuic, ilcn I icply: No, loi ilai is ilc siaicmcni ol ilc Siuii-
sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi ai all logical io say ilai ilc sciipiuics'
siaicmcni ilai ilc dcsccnding soul, accompanicd by ilc icmnani ol lis laima,
ialcs biiil in ilc body ol a iicc plani oi similai spccics, is only a mciaploi, and
ilc soul docs noi ically ialc biiil in ilosc spccics loi ilc soul las no icmaining
laima io pusl ii inio ilai biiil. Tlc so-callcd pious dccds pciloimcd io aiiain
icsidcncc in Svaigalola aic aciually impuic. Tlis is bccausc ilc Agnisomya-yajna
and oilci yajnas lilc ilcm involvc violcncc io animals. Tlc sciipiuics givc ilc
lollowing piolibiiion:
ma limsyai saiva-bluiani
"Ncvci commii violcncc io anyonc."
Tlcicloic, by pciloiming ilcsc yajnas ilcic is a pious poiiion, wlicl scnds ilc
pciloimci io Svaigalola, and also an impious poiiion, wlicl loiccs lim io ialc
biiil as a iicc plani oi similai spccics. In ilc Manu-samliia (12.9) ii is said:
saiia-jaii laima-dosaii
yaii silavaiaiam naial
"A pcison wlo sins wiil lis body bccomcs an unmoving plani."
Tlcicloic ilc siaicmcni ilai ilc dcsccnding soul ialcs biiil as a iicc plani oi
similai bcing slould bc ialcn liicially.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc suiia icplics: "na" (No. Ii is noi so). Wly noi' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "sabdai" (lccausc ilai is ilc siaicmcni ol ilc Siuii-sasiia). Tlc Vcdas
oidci:
agnisomyam pasum alablcia
"Onc slould saciilicc an animal in an agnisomya-yajna."
lccausc piciy and impiciy is lnown only liom ilc Vcdas' siaicmcnis, ilc
Vcdas' oidci io commii violcncc musi bc undcisiood io bc aciually lind and
pious. Tlcicloic ilc oidcis ol ilc Vcdas aic ncvci impuic. Tlc piolibiiions:
"Ncvci commii violcncc io anyonc" and "Violcncc is a sin" aic ilc gcncial iulcs
dcciccd by ilc Vcdas, and ilc siaicmcni: "Onc slould saciilicc an animal in an
agnisomya-yajna" is an cxccpiion io ilai gcncial iulc. A gcncial iulc and a spccilic
cxccpiion io ilai iulc nccd noi coniiadici cacl oilci. Tlcic is scopc loi cacl. Ioi
ilcsc icasons, ilcicloic, ilc sciipiuics' dcsciipiion ilai ilc lallcn soul ialcs biiil
as a iicc plani oi similai bcing is mciaploiical and noi liicial.
Wlai lollows in ilis scqucncc is dcsciibcd in ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra 27
icial-sig-yogo 'ila
icial-scmcn; sil-spiinlling; yogal-coniaci; aila-ilcn.
Tlcn ilcic is coniaci wiil ilc malc ilai spiinllcs ilc scmcn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alici cniciing ilc iicc-plani oi oilci plani, ilc lallcn soul, accompanicd by ilc
icmaindci ol lis laima, cnicis ilc scmcn ol a malc. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(5.10.6) ii is said:
yo yo 'nnam aiii yo icial sincaii iad bluya cva blavaii
"A malc cais ilai giain and ilcn spiinllcs scmcn. Iiom ilai scmcn ilc lallcn
soul ialcs biiil. Hc bccomcs jusi lilc lis lailci."
Tlc siaicmcni ilai ilc soul bccomcs jusi lilc ilc lailci slould noi bc ialcn
liicially, loi onc iling cannoi lavc cxacily ilc samc loim as anoilci. In iiuil, il
ilc ollspiing wcic complcicly idcniical wiil ilc lailci, and ilcic wcic no
dillcicncc ai all bciwccn ilcm, ilcn ilc soul would noi aciually aiiain a ncw
maiciial body. Tlcicloic ilis siaicmcni slould bc ialcn mciaploiically. As ilc
soul mcicly comcs inio coniaci wiil ilc iicc plani oi oilci vcgciaiion, so ilc soul
comcs inio coniaci wiil ilc lailci. Tlc soul docs noi bccomc idcniical wiil ilc
lailci in all icspccis.
Sufra 28
yoncl saiiam
yoncl-liom ilc womb; saiiam-a body.
Tlc body comcs liom ilc womb.
Puipoii by Sila laladcva Vidyablusana
Tlc woid "yoncl" lcic is in ilc ablaiivc casc. Tlc soul dcpaiis liom iis lailci's
body and cnicis iis moilci's womb. In ilis way, so ii may cxpciicncc ilc liuiis ol
iis laima, ilc soul aiiains a ncw maiciial body. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(5.10.7) ii is said:
iad ya ila iamanya-caianal
"Tlcy wlo pciloim pious dccds aiiain an auspicious biiil. Tlcy wlo sin aiiain
an inauspicious biiil."
In ilis way ilc soul's cniiancc inio ilc sciics ol ilings bcginning wiil cilci
and ilc sciics ol ilings bcginning wiil a iicc-plani oi oilci vcgciaiion is
dcsciibcd. Tlc conclusion is ilai a pcison wlo is aciually iniclligcni will icnouncc
ilis maiciial woild, a woild lillcd wiil soiiows, and placc all lis ilouglis on Loid
Haii, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is lillcd wiil iiansccndcnial bliss.
Pada 2
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
vttr vrahts ca hrtanjaIn puro
yasyan paranana-tanor vtsnnatc
sns ca scva-samayam pratihsatc
bnahtn parcsasya punatu sa jagat
May dcvoiion io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, dcvoiion ilai is lillcd
wiil iiansccndcnial bliss, dcvoiion bcloic wlom lnowlcdgc and icnunciaiion
siand, ilcii lands loldcd wiil icspcci, dcvoiion ilai mysiic powci ycains io scivc,
puiily ilc cniiic woild.
Dcvoiional scivicc, by pciloiming wlicl onc lalls in lovc wiil ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and aiiains His associaiion, will bc dcsciibcd in ilis pada.
In oidci io siicngilcn ilc soul's lovc and dcvoiion loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, ilc Loid's gloiious cicaiion ol dicams and oilci siaics ol bcing, ilc
Loid's idcniiiy wiil His many incainaiions, His appcaiancc as ilc all-pcivading
Supcisoul, His non-idcniiiy wiil His woislipcis, wlo aic siill onc wiil Him in
qualiiy, His bcing aiiaincd only by dcvoiional scivicc, His appcaicncc in boil
spiiiiual and maiciial woilds, His iiansccndcnial blisslulncss, His coming bcloic
His dcvoiccs accoiding io ilc dcvoiccs' lovc loi Him, His supicmacy ovci all, His
supicmc gcnciosiiy, and a gicai losi ol ilc Loid's oilci viiiucs and gloiics will
also bc dcsciibcd lcic. Wlcn a pcison dcsiics io lovc, ilc bclovcd's gloiics musi
bc undcisiood. Oilciwisc ilcic can bc no lovc. In ilc bcginning ol ilis pada
will bc dcsciibcd ilc Loid's cicaiion ol ilc woild in a dicam. ilc idca ilai
somconc oilci ilan ilc Supicmc Loid lad cicaicd ilc maiciial woild coniiadicis
ilc sciipiuics' siaicmcni ilai ilc Loid is ilc cicaioi ol cvciyiling. Il ilc Loid is
ilc cicaioi ol only somc paiis ol ilc woild, ilcn ii is noi possiblc loi ilc dcvoicc
io lavc lull lovc loi Him. Ioi ilis icason now will bc slown ilc gloiy ol ilc Loid
as ilc cicaioi ol all.
Adhikarana 1
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Creafes Dreams
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.10) ii is said:
na tatra ratna na ratna-yoga na pantnano bnavanty atna ratnan ratna-yogan patnan
srjatc. na tatranana muan pramuo bnavanty atnananan muan pramuan srjatc.
na tatra vcsantan pusharnyan sravantyan srjatc sa n harta.
"In ilai placc ilcic aic nciilci claiiois noi animals yolcd io claiiois. Hc
cicaics ilc claiiois and animals yolcd io claiiois. In ilai placc ilcic aic nciilci
lappincss, noi plcasuics, noi bliss. Hc cicaics ilc plcasuics ilcic. In ilai placc
ilcic aic nciilci siicams noi ponds noi loius llowcis. Hc cicaics ilcm. Hc is ilc
cicaioi."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc individual spiiii soul oi ilc Supcisoul ilc cicaioi ol
ilis dicam woild wiil claiiois asnd oilci ilings'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc individual spiiii soul is ilc cicaioi. In
Clandogya Upanisad (S.7.1) Piajapaii dcclaics ilai by willing ilc individual soul
las ilc powci io cicaic.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
sannyc srsnr ana n
sandlyc - in ilc junciion; sisnii - cicaiion; ala - says; li - indccd.
Indccd, ii says ilai in ilc junciion ilcic is cicaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "sandlya" (junciion) lcic mcans dicam". In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is
said:
sannyam trtiyam svapna-stnanam
"Tlc iliid siaic is sandlya, oi dicaming."
Dicaming is callcd sandlya (junciion) bccausc ii siands in ilc junciion
bciwccn walclulncss and dicamlcss slccp. Tlc Supcisoul cicaics ilc claiiois and
oilci ilings picscni in dicams. Wly isilai' Tlc Siuii-sasiia cxplains:
sa n harta
"Hc is ilc cicaioi."
Tlus ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai ilc claiiois and oilci ilings picscni in
dicams aic cicaicd by Him. Tlc mcaning is ilis. To givc ilc icsulis ol ol vciy, vciy
insignilicani laimas, ilc Loid cicaics ilc claiiois and oilci ilings picscni in
dicams, ilings sccn only by ilc dicaming pcison. Tlc Loid, wlo las ilc
inconccivablc powci io do anyiling by mcicly willing ii bc donc, ilus cicaics ilc
ilings in dicams. In ilc Kaila Upanisad (+.+) ii is said:
"A wisc man, awaic ilai wlaicvci lc sccs in dicams oi awalc is all ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and His poicncics, ncvci lamcnis."
In ilc libciaicd siaic ilc individual spiiii souls also lavc ilc powci io do
anyiling by mcicly willing ii bc donc, bui wlai ilcy cicaic wiil ilai powci is noi
a dicam.
Sufra 2
nrmataram cahc putraayas ca
niimaiaiam - ilc cicaioi; ca - and; clc - somc; puiia - sons; adayas - bcginning
wiil; ca - also.
Oilcis ilai Hc is ilc cicaioi. Sons and oilcis also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Kaila Upanisad alliims ilai ilc Supcisoul cicaics ilc objccis ol dcsiic sccn
in dicams and oilci siiuaiions. Ii says (Kaila Upanisad 5.S):
ya csu suptcsu jagart hamam hamam puruso nrmmana
"Rcmaining awalc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaics ilc objccis ol
dcsiic sccn in dicams."
Hcic ilc woid "lama" iclcis io good sons and oilci blcssings ilai ilc
individual soul may dcsiic. Tlc woid lama" is uscd in ilis way in Kaila Upanisad
(1.1.25):
sarvan haman cnanatan prartnayasva
"You may asl loi wlaicvci you wisl."
In Kaila Upanisad (1.1.23) ii is said:
satayusan putra-pautran vrnisva
"You may cloosc many sons and giandsons ilai livc loi a lundicd ycais."
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
ctasma cva putro jayatc. ctasma bnrata. ctasma bnarya. ya cnam
svapncnabnnant.
"Iiom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad a good son is boin. Iiom Him a
bioilci appcais. Iiom Him a wilc appcais. Iiom Him ilcsc ilings appcai in a
dicam."
In ilc ncxi passagc ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias dcsciibcs ilc insiiumcni ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cmploys io cicaic dicams.
Sufra 3
maya-matram tu hartsnycnanabnvyahta-svarupatvat
maya - ilc maya poicncy; maiiam - only; iu - bui; laiisnycna - complcicly; an -
noi; ablivyalia - manilcsicd; svaiupaivai - bccausc ol ilc condiiion ol laving a
loim.
lui ii is ilc maya poicncy only, bccausc ilc loims aic noi complcicly
manilcsicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Loid's inconccivablc maya poicncy is ilc cicaioi ol wlai is sccn in dicams.
Wlai is sccn in dicams is noi madc ol ilc livc gioss maiciial clcmcnis, nciilci is ii
cicaicd by ilc dcmigod lialma. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
laiisnycnanablivyalia-svaiupaivai" (bccausc ilc loims aic noi complcicly
manilcsicd). Tlis mcans: "bccausc ilcy aic noi sccn by cvciyonc". In ilis way ii is
piovcd ilai ilc Supcisoul is ilc cicaioi ol wlai is sccn in dicams.
Adhikarana 2
Nof AII Dreams Are IIIusions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Samsaya (doubi): Aic dicams icaliiy oi illusion'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Wlcn a pcison walcs up lc immcdiaicly
lnows ilai wlai lc dicamcd was an illusion. Tlcicloic dicams aic all illusions.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +
sucahas ca n srutcr acahsatc ca ta-van
sucalas - an indicaioi; ca - and; li - indccd; siuici - ol ilc Siuii-sasiia; acalsaic
- dcclaic; ca - and; iad - ilai; vidal - ilcy wlo lnow.
Ii givcs omcns. Tlc Siuii-sasiia and ilc cxpciis alliim ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Dicams slow good and bad omcns. Tlcy also icvcal maniias and oilci ilings.
Tlcicloic dicams aic icaliiy. Wly is ii ilai dicams icvcal ilcsc ilings' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "siuicl" (ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ii). ilc Clandogya Upanisad (5.2.9)
alliims:
yaa harmasu hamycsu
stryam svapnc bnpasyat
samrnm tatra janiyat
tasmn svapna-narsanc
"Il, wlcn ilc auspicious iiics aic complcicd, onc sccs a woman in a dicam, lc
slould lnow ilai ilc iiics wcic succcsslul."
In ilc Kausial-bialmana ii is said:
atna svapnc purusam hrsnam hrsna-antam pasyat sa cnam nant
"Il in a dicam onc sccs a blacl man wiil blacl iccil, ilai man will lill lim."
Tlc woid "iad-vidal" lcic mcans "ilcy wlo lnow low io inicipici dicams".
Tlcsc pcisons alliim ilai dicams icvcal omcns ol good and cvil. Ioi cxamplc a
dicam ol iiding on an clcplani is a good omcn, and a dicam ol iiding on a donlcy
is an omcn ol misloiiunc. In dicams onc may also icccivc piaycis. ilc Smiii-sasiia
alliims:
asnavan yatna svapnc
rama-rahsam mam naran
tatna Ihntavan pratan
prabuno buna-haushan
"Tlcn Loid Siva appcaicd in a dicam and iaugli lim ilc Rama-ialsa piayci.
Waling up in ilc moining, luddla Kausila ai oncc wioic ii down."
Tlcicloic, bccausc in dicams onc somciimcs icccivcs omcns, piaycis,
mcdicincs, and oilci ilings, and bccauscs somciimcs a pcison will aciually appcai
in a dicam, ilcicloic somciimcs dicams aic as ical as wlai is sccn in ilc waling
siaic. Tlai is ilc conclusion ol Siuii-sasiia.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai alici waling up a pcison bccomcs
convinccd ilai wlai lc saw in a dicam was lalsc. Tlis piovcs ilai all dicams aic
unical.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias answcis ilis objcciion.
Sufra 5
parabnnyanat tu trontam tato ny asya banna-vparyayau
paia - ol ilci Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; ablidlyanai - by ilc will; iu -
indccd; iiioliiam - wiildiawn; iaio - liom Him; li - indccd; asya - ol lim; bandla
- bondagc; vipaiyayau - iclcasc.
ly ilc will ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ii is wiildiawn. Indccd,
bondagc and libciaiion also comc liom Him.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilcy aic cicaicd by ilc will ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
claiiois and oilci ilings sccn in a dicam aic noi unical. Tlcy aic noi lilc ilc
illusion ol silvci sccn on a scaslcll. ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc
causc ol bondagc and libciaiion loi ilc individual spiiii soul. ilis is dcsciibcd in
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.16):
samsara-mohsa-stnt-banna-nctun
"ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc masici ol ilis cosmic manilcsiaiion
in icgaid io bondagc io ilc condiiional siaic ol maiciial cxisicncc and libciaiion
liom ilai bondagc."
ilc Loid biings libciaiion liom ilc bondagc ol icpcaicd biiil and
dcail.Tlcicloic ii is noi suipiising ilai Hc las ilc powci io biing dicams io ilcii
cnd. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlcicloic ii slould bc undcisiood ilai dicams aic
manilcsicd by Him and wiildiawn by Him also. In ilc Kuima Puiana ii is said:
svapna-bun-harta ca
trasharta sa cva tu
ta-ccnaya yato ny asya
banna-mohsau pratsnntau
"Tlc Supicmc Loid cicaics and cnds dicams and oilci siaics ol bcing. ly His
will boil bondagc and libciaiion aic manilcsicd."
Tlcicloic, bccausc ilcy aic cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
dicams aic ical.
Adhikarana 3
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Creafes fhe Waking Sfafe
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc cicaioi
ol ilc waling siaic also. In ilc Kanla Upanisad (2.1.+) ii is said:
svapnantam jagartantam
cobnau ycnanupasyat
manantam vbnum atmanam
matva niro na socat
"Awaic ilai ilc all-powcilul Supicmc Pcison cicaics all ilai is sccn in boil
waling and dicaming siaics, a wisc man ncvci lamcnis."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicaic ilc waling
condiiion ol ilc individual spiiii souls, oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc waling siaic is noi cicaicd by ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, loi ii is sccn ilai ilc waling siaic is undci ilc
coniiol ol iimc and oilci laciois.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 6
cna-yoga va so p
dcla - ol ilc body; yogad - liom coniaci; va - oi; so - ilai; api - cvcn.
Tlai also liom coniaci wiil ilc body.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As cxplaincd in Kanla Upanisad 2.1.+, ilc waling siaic, qwlicl occuis wlcn
ilc soul is in coniaci wiil ilc body, is manilcsicd liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlis is so bccausc iimc and ilc oilci laciois aic only incii maiici. Tlc
woid "api" (also) in ilis suiia linis ilai ilc siaic ol dicamlcss slccp and lainiing
aic also cicaicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is so bccausc ilc
Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is cicaioi ol
cvciyiling.
Adhikarana +
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Is fhe Creafor of DreamIess SIeep
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc condiiion ol dicamlcss slccp will bc considcicd. Tlc Siuii-sasiia
dcsciibcs ilc siaic ol dicamlcss slccp in ilc lollowing passagcs. In ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (S.6.3) ii is said:
asu taa naisu supto bnavat
"Lniciing ilc nads, ilc soul slccps."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.1.19) ii is said:
iablil piaiy avasipya pui-iaii scic
"Lniciing ilc mcmbianc suiiounding ilc lcaii, ilc soul slccps."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.1.17) ii is said:
ya cso ntar nraya ahasas tasmn sctc
"Lniciing ilc sly ol ilc lcaii, ilc soul slccps."
Many oilci lilc vciscs may also bc quoicd. Tlc "sly in ilc lcaii" lcic is ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai
dicamlcss slccp is manilcsicd wlcn ilc soul cnicis ilc nads, ilc mcmbianc
suiiounding ilc lcaii, and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc soul cnici any onc ol ilcsc ilicc placcs, oi docs ilc
soul cnici all ol ilcm'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc soul may cnici any onc ol ilcsc placcs.
Tlis is so bccausc ilcsc ilicc placcs aic cqually ablc io bc ilc placc wlcic ilc soul
slccps. Tlc Nyaya-
sasiia cxplains:
tuIyartnas tu vhaIpcran
"A lisi ol ilings cqually suiiablc loi a cciiain iling indicaics ilc opiion ol
cloosing liom ilcm."
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 7
ta-abnavo naisu tac cnrutcr atman ca
iad - ol ilai; ablavo - ilc abscncc; nadsu - in ilc nadis; iai - ilai; siuici - liom
Siuii-sasiia; aimani - in ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; ca - also.
Iis abscncc occuis in ilc nads and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is
so bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (and) lcic linis ilc inclusion ol ilc mcmbianc suiiounding ilc
lcaii. Tlc woid "iad-ablava" (iis abscncc) mcans "ilc abscncc ol walclulncss and
dicam". Tlus ii mcans "ilc siaic ol dicamlcss slccp". Dicamlcss slccp occuis in
ilc nads, ilc mcmbianc suiiounding ilc lcaii, and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad collcciivcly. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "iac cliuicl" (Tlis is so
bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia). Tlus ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai ilcy aic all, ialcn
collcciivcly, ilc placc ol dicamlcss slccp. Tlc idca ilai ilcic is an opiion lcic, and
ilai io pciloim ilc aciiviiy ol dccp slccp ilc soul clooscs onc ol ilcsc placcs, is an
idca ilai coniiadicis ilc siaicmcnis ol Siuii-sasiia. In ilc sciipiuics' dcsciipiion ol
dicamlcss slccp, ii is sccn ilai ilc nads and pianas aic dcsciibcd iogcilci. In ilc
Kausiali Upanisad (+.19) ii is said:
tasu taa bnavat. yaa suptan svapnam na hancana pasyaty atnasmn prana
cvahana bnavat.
"Tlcn ilc soul cnicis ilc nads. Wlcn slccping, ilc soul docs noi scc any
dicam. Tlcn ilc soul bccomc onc wiil ilc pianas."
Tlc cxplanaiion ilai ilc soul las an opiion ol onc ol ilcsc ilicc placcs docs
noi apply lcic, loi il ilai opiion wcic io apply, ilcn ilcsc ilicc placcs would lavc
io bc cqually suiiablc loi ilc aciion ol dicamlcss slccp, bui ilc iiuil is ilcy aic
noi. Wlai occuis is ilc soul passcs iliougl ilc dooi ol ilc nads, cnicis ilc palacc
ol ilc mcmbianc suiiounding ilc lcaii, and slccps on ilc bcd ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis way all ilicc placcs aic involvcd in ilc aciiviiy ol
dicamlcss slccp, bui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc aciual placc wlcic
dicamlcss slccp occuis. ilc woid "puiiai" lcic mcans "ilc mcmbianc
suiiounding ilc loius ol ilc lcaii".
Sufra 8
atan prabono smat
aial - ilcicloic; piabodlo - waling; asmai - liom Him.
Tlcicloic ilc waling siaic is liom Him.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc aciual placc wlcic
dicamlcss slccp occuis and ilc nads and oilci ilings mcniioncd lcic aic mcicly
doois iliougl wlicl ilc soul passcs in oidci io icsi on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, ilcicloic ilc waling soul iiscs liom ilc bcd ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ii is said:
satas cagatya na vun sata agaccnamanc
"Wc lad dcpaiicd liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, alilougl wc
could noi undcisiand ilai wc lad dcpaiicd liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
In ilis way ilc idca ilai somciimcs ilc soul slccps in ilc nads, somciimcs in
ilc mcmbianc suiiounding ilc lcaii, and somciimcs in ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad, is dispiovcd. Ii is noi lilc ilai. Tlcicloic ilc soul slccps on ilc bcd ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Adhikarana 5
The Same Person Refurns fo fhe Body
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ii is said:
saias cagaiya na vidul
"Wc lad dcpaiicd liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bui wc did noi
lnow wc lad dcpaiicd liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc pcison awalcning liom ilc bcd ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilc samc pcison wlo liisi wcni io slccp ilcic, oi is lc a
dillcicni pcison'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc soul, laving
aiiaincd ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, would again iciuin io ilc samc
maiciial body. Tlcicloic ii musi bc a dillcicni soul ilai awalcns.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 9
sa cva iu laimanusmiii-sabda-vidliblyal
sas-lc; cva - indccd; iu-bui; laima-laima; anusmiii-mcmoiy; sabda-
ol ilc Siuii-sasiia; vidliblyal-liom ilc insiiuciions.
Ii is lc, bccausc ol ilc mcmoiy ol laima and bccausc ol ilc icaclings ol Siuii-
sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 10
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 11
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 12
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 13
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 1+
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 15
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 16
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 17
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 18
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 19
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 20
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 21
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 22
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 23
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 2+
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 25
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 26
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 27
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 28
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 29
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 30
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 31
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 32
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 33
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 3+
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 35
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 36
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 37
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 38
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 39
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +0
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +1
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +2
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +3
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra ++
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +5
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +6
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +7
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +8
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra +9
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 50
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Sufra 51
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Adhikarana 11
The "Nefi Nefi" Texf ExpIained
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi iiuc ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is a
scpaiaic conscious pcison in somc ways lilc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlc individual soul is only a icllcciion ol ilc Supicmc. In ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (2.3.1) ii is said:
dvc vava bialmano iupc muiiam caivamuiiam ca
"Tlc Supicmc las iwo loims: ilc subilc and ilc gioss."
Alici dividing ilc livc clcmcnis inio iwo caicgoiics, ilc Upanisad dcclaics ilai
all aic loims ol ilc Supicmc. Tlcn ilc Upanisad (2.3.6) dcclaics:
iasya laiiasya puiusasya iupam yaila malaiajanam vaso yaila pandv-avilam
yailcndiagopo yailagny-aicii yaila pundailam yaila salid vidyuiam salid
vidyuiaiva la va asya sii blavaii ya cvam vcda.
"Tlai pcison's loim is lilc gold, lilc wliic wool, lilc an indiagopa, lilc a
buining llamc, lilc a wliic loius, lilc a liglining llasl. Hc wlo undcisiands ilis
bccomcs splcndid lilc a liglining llasl."
Tlcn, laving dcsciibcd ilis pcison splcndid lilc gold, ilc Upanisad (2.3.6)
dcclaics:
ailaia adcso ncii ncii. na ly ciasmad iii. nciy anyai paiam asii. aila namadlcyam
saiyasya saiyam iii. piana vai saiyam icsam cva saiyam.
"Tlis is ilc icacling: No. No. Noi ilan Him. Noiling is gicaici ilan Him.
Noiling is gicaici ilan Him. His namc is ilc iiuil ol ilc iiuc. Hc is lilc. Hc is
iiuil. Hc is iiuil."
Tlc mcaning ol ilis passagc is ilis: ilc Supicmc is gicaici ilai all ilc subilc
and gioss ilings in ilc maiciial woild. No pcison oi iling is gicaici ilan Him.
Tlai is ilc mcaning ol ilc woids, "No. No." in ilis passagc. Tlc woids No. No."
ilcicloic mcan "Noi ilan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad". Tlc woid "no" is
icpcaicd iwicc io mcan, "ilc maiciial clcmcnis and maiciial dcsiics aic noi gicaici
ilan Him" oi io mcan, "inanimaic maiici and ilc conscious living bcings aic noi
gicaici ilan Him", oi io mcan "oilci gioups ol iwo aic noi gicaici ilan Him".
Tlus lc spcals ilc icacling (adcsa): "No" (na). In ilis way lc says, "No pcison
oi iling is gicaici ilan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad".
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilis passagc mcans, "As ilc maiciial
woild docs noi cxisi in icaliiy, so ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad also docs
noi cxisi in icaliiy' Tlai is ilc mcaning ol ilc Upanisad's assciiion no". Tlc loim
ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlicl is cicinal and spiiiiual, and wlicl
cnds all illusions, is noi dillcicni liom ilc visiblc maiciial woild. Tlis also mcans
ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is also noi dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc spiiii soul is a icllcciion ol ilc Supicmc. Tlc individual spiiii soul,
wlo is aiomic, and ilc Supicmc, wlo is all-pcivading, aic noi dillcicni. Tlcy aic
lilc ilc aii in a poi and ilc aii in ilc gicai sly. Tlcicloic ii is noi coiicci io say
ilai ilcy aic dillcicni.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing
icply:
Sufra 22
pialiiaiiavaiivam li piaiiscdlaii iaio biavii ca bluyal
pialiia-ilc iopic undci discussion; ciavaiivam-bcing lilc ilai; li-indccd;
piaiiscdlaii-dcniics; iaial-ilcn; biavii-says; ca-and; bluyal-moic.
Tlc picvious siaicmcni dcnics ilai Hc is lilc ilcm. Ii alliims ilai Hc is gicaici.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis passagc ol Siuii-sasiia docs noi icacl ilai ilc onc Supicmc las no
qualiiics. Ii icaclcs only ilai ilc Supicmc is noi lilc oilci pcisons. Ii icaclcs ilai
ilc Supicmc is supciioi io all oilcis. In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai ilc
Supicmc is noi lilc oilci pcisons oi ilings. Tlc lilad-aianyala Upanisad's
(2.3.1) siaicmcni ilai ilc subilc and gioss clcmcnis ol ilc woild aic loims ol ilc
Supicmc docs noi mcan ilai ilc Supicmc is lilc ilc ilings ol ilis woild. Tlc
loims ol ilc Supicmc aic noi maiciial. Tlcicloic ii is said ilai ilc Supicmc is
supciioi io cvciyiling in ilc maiciial woild and ilcicloic Hc las ilc namc "ilc
iiuil ol ilc iiuc". Tlai is ilc icacling lcic. Hc is moic ilan ilc loims ol ilis
woild. lccausc His loim las no limii, ilcicloic ilc Upanisad dcclaics, "No. No."
ilai is ilc mcaning lcic. Tlc mcaning is ilai ilc loim ol ilc Loid is noi lilc ilc
subilc and gioss loims ol ilc maiciial woild. Hc is noi lilc ilcm bccausc His loim
is cicinal and iiuc, and ilcicloic Hc las ilc namc "ilc iiuil ol ilc iiuc". Tlis is
wlai ilc Siuii-sasiia icaclcs. Tlcn ilc sciipiuics alliim "No pcison oi iling is
gicaici ilan Him". (na ly ciasmai). lccausc noiling is gicaici ilan Him, ilcicloic
Hc las ilc namc "ilc iiuil ol ilc iiuc". Tlai is wly ilc icxi lcic says, "no". ly
ilis cxplanaiion ol a small paii ol ilc Loid's naiuic, ilc Loid's naiuic as a wlolc
may bc undcisiood.
Now ilc woid "namadlcyam" will bc cxplaincd. Tlc Loid's namc lcic is
"saiyasya saiyam" (ilc iiuil ol ilc iiuc). Tlis namc dcsciibcs ilc loim ol ilc
Supicmc. Tlcn ilc icxi dcclaics ilai ilc Supicmc is "piana". Piana" lcic mcans,
"ilc lilc ol all ilai livc". In ilis way ilc Loid's loims aic supciioi io all oilcis.
Tlis piovcs ilai ilc Loid's loim is bciici ilan all oilci loims, ciilci spiiiiual oi
maiciial. No oilci loim is bciici ilan His. In ilc maiciial woild ilc maiciial loims
aic ol iwo linds: subilc and gioss. Tlai ilc Supicmc Loid's loims aic noi maiciial
is cxplaincd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.3.6). Tlcn ilc icxi dcclaics ilai ilc
Supicmc is ilc iiuil ol lilc. lccausc boil ilc Loid and ilc individual spiiii souls
aic noi madc ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis, wlicl bcgin wiil cilci, ilcicloic ilcy aic
boil callcd iiuil. Howcvci, unlilc ilc individual spiiii souls, ilc Supicmc is noi
subjcci io ilc dillcicni iiansloimaiions ol ilc maiciial naiuic, wlicl giani and
icmovc iiuc lnowlcdgc in dillcicni ciicumsianccs. Tlus ilc individual spiiii soul
is cciiainly spiiiiual and conscious. Howcvci, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
is supciioi io ilc individual souls loi ilc Supicmc Loid las limiilcss auspicious
qualiiics. Wlcn ilcy aic undcisiood, ilcn dcvoiion loi ilc Loid naiuially
dcvclops. Tlus ilc Siuii-sasiia docs noi dcny ilc cxisicncc ol ilc Loid's loim, loi
in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.3.6) ilc Loid's spiiiiual loim was dcsciibcd. Only a
madman would siaic onc iling and ilcn immcdiaicly coniiadici lis own woids.
Tlcicloic ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias says ilai "ilc Supicmc is noi lilc ilai". Tlc
auiloi docs noi say "ilc Loid las no loim ai all". Tlus ilc piopci cxplanaiion is
givcn.
Adhikarana 12
The Form of fhe Lord
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ii will bc piovcd ilai ilc Supicmc Loid's loim is spiiiiual and noi
pciccivablc by ilc maiciial scnscs. Tlis musi bc so, loi il ilc Loid wcic noi
spiiiiual, ilai is, il lc wcic an oidinaiy, common, casily availablc maiciial objcci,
lilc a poi oi somciling ol ilai naiuic, ilcn ii is noi possiblc ilai ilcic slould bc
lovc and dcvoiion loi Him. Tlc Siuii-sasiia also alliims ilis, loi ii says:
sac-cid-ananda-iupaya
"I ollci my icspccilul obcisanccs io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc
loim is cicinal and lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc Supicmc Loid's loim spiiiiual, and ilus bcyond ilc
undcisianding ol ilc maiciial scnscs, oi is ii maiciial, and ilus casily sccn by ilc
maiciial scnscs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Loid's loim musi bc maiciial, loi many
dcmigods, dcmons, and luman bcings lavc cciiainly sccn ii.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 23
iad avyaliam ala li
iai-ilai; avyaliam-unmanilcsi; ala-said; li-indccd.
Sciipiuic says ii is unmanilcsi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Loid can bc sccn only by spiiiiual scnscs. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Kaila
Upanisad (6.9):
na sadisc iisilaii iupam asya na calsusa pasyaii lascanainam
"Tlc Supicmc Loid's loim is noi lilc ilai. Maiciial cycs lavc ncvci sccn His
loim."
In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.9.26) ii is said:
agilyo na li gilyaic
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is noi pciccivcd by maiciial scnscs."
In ilc llagavad-gia (S.21) ii is said:
avyalio 'lsaia iiy ulias
iam alul paiamam gaiim
"Tlcy say Hc is unmanilcsi and inlalliblc. Tlcy say Hc is ilc supicmc
dcsiinaiion."
Adhikarana 13
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Can Be Seen
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc icvcalcd ilc iiuil ilai alilougl ilc Supicmc Loid is spiiiiual by
naiuic, siill Hc can bc sccn by ilcy wlo lavc lovc, dcvoiion, and spiiiiual wisdom.
Il ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wcic always invisiblc and ncvci io bc sccn,
ilcn ii would noi bc possiblc io lavc lovc and dcvoiion loi Him. In ilc Kaivalya
Upanisad (2) ii is said:
siaddla-blalii-dlyana-yogad avaiii
"Onc wlo las laiil and dcvoiion, and wlo mcdiiaics on Him, can scc ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In ilis way ii is cxplaincd ilai a laiillul dcvoicc wlo mcdiiaics on Loid Haii,
aiiains ilc diicci sigli ol Loid Haii.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc Supicmc Loid sccn by ilc mind oi by ilc cycs and
oilci scnscs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Supicmc Loid is sccn by ilc mind.
Tlis is dcsciibcd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.19):
manasaivanudiasiavyam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is indccd sccn by ilc mind."
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 2+
api samiadlanc piaiyalsanumanablyam
api-cciiainly; samiadlanc-in woislip; piaiyalsa-by ilc Siuii-sasiia;
anumanablyam-by ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Cciiainly ii is in woislip bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia and Smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "api" (cciiainly) is uscd lcic io mocl ilc puivapalsa (opponcni).
Wlcn onc las sinccic dcvoiion (samiadlanc) wiil onc's cycs and oilci scnscs onc
can diiccily scc ilc Loid. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc ol ilc Siuii-
sasiia and Smiii-sasiia." In ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.+.1) ii is said:
paianci llani vyaiinai svayamblus
iasmai paian pasyaii naniaiaiman
lascid dlial piaiyag aimanam ailsad
aviia-calsui amiiaivam icclan
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad madc ilc condiiioncd souls gazc ai
cxicinal ilings and noi ai wlai is wiilin ilc lcaii. A iaic saini wlo ycains loi
libciaiion will lool insidc lis lcaii and scc ilc Supicmc Loid siaying ilcic."
In ilc Mundala Upanisad (3.1.S) ii is said:
jnana-piasadcna visuddla-saiivas
iaias iu iam pasyaii nislalam dlyayamanal
"In ilc couisc ol lis mcdiiaiion a puic-lcaiicd saini will bccomc cnliglicncd.
Tlcn lc sccs ilc pcilcci Supicmc Loid diiccily."
In ilc llagavad-gia (11.53-5+) Tlc Loid Himscll dcclaics:
nalam vcdaii na iapasa
na dancna na ccjyaya
salya cvam-vidlo diasium
disiavan asi mam yaila
"Tlc loim you aic sccing wiil youi iiansccndcnial cycs cannoi bc undcisiood
simply by siudying ilc Vcdas, noi by undcigoing sciious pcnanccs, noi by claiiiy,
noi by woislip. Ii is noi by ilcsc mcans ilai onc can scc Mc as I am.
blaliya iv ananyaya salya
alam cvam-vidlo 'ijuna
jnaium diasium ca iaiivcna
piavcsium ca paianiapa
"My dcai Aijuna, only by undividcd dcvoiional scivicc can I bc undcisiood as I
am, sianding bcloic you, and can ilus bc sccn diiccily. Only in ilis way can you
cnici inio ilc mysiciics ol My undcisianding."
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai wiil ilc aid ol dcvoiional scivicc onc can scc Loid
Haii diiccily. Tlus wiil ilc aid ol ilc cycs and oilci scnscs onc can pciccivc ilc
Loid diiccily. Tlus ilc Loid can bc pciccivcd by ilc scnscs. Tlus ilc woid cva"
(indccd) in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.19) docs noi lini ilai onc cannoi scc
ilc Loid wiil ilc aid ol scnscs.
Sufra 25
pialasadi-vac cavaiscsyai
pialasa-liic; adi-bcginning wiil; vai-lilc; ca-and; a-noi; vaiscsyai-
wiil dillcicnccs.
Hc is (noi) lilc liic oi oilci ilings, loi Hc las no sucl dillcicni lcaiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "na" (noi) slould bc ialcn liom a picvious suiia (3.2.19) and placcd
lcic also.
Hcic somconc may objcci: As liic las iwo loims: subilc and gioss, ilc subilc
loim invisiblc and unmanilcsi, and ilc gioss loim visiblc and manilcsi, so docs ilc
Supicmc Loid also lavc iwo loims in ilc samc way.
Il ilis objcciion is siaicd, ilcn I icply: "No. Ii is noi so." Wly noi' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "lccausc Hc is noi subilc and gioss lilc liic". Tlc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (3.+.+) cxplains:
asilulam ananv aliasvam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is nciilci subilc, noi gioss, noi sloii,
noi iall."
In ilc Gaiuda Puiana ii is said:
silula-sulsma-viscso 'iia
na lascii paiamcsvaic
saivaiiaiva pialaso 'sau
saiva-iupcsv ajo yaial
"lccausc Hc appcais cvciywlcic and in cvciy loim, ilc disiinciions ol subilc
and gioss do noi apply io ilc unboin Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc Supicmc Loid docs noi always
appcai bcloic ilc dcvoiccs wlcn ilcy woislip Him wiil dcvoiion. Ioi ilis icason
ii musi bc iiuc ilai ilc Loid docs noi always appcai wlcn Hc is woislipcd wiil
lovc.
Icaiing ilai somconc may doubi in ilis way, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc
lollowing cxplanaiion.
Sufra 26
pialasas ca laimany ablyasai
pialasal-appcaiancc; ca-and; laimani-in aciiviiy; ablyasai-by icpciiiion.
And wlcn ilc aciiviiy is icpcaicd, ilcn Hc appcais.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (and) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Wlcn aciiviiics lilc
mcdiiaiion and woislip aic icpcaicd, ilcn ilc Loid appcais. In ilc Dlyana-bindu
Upanisad (1S) ii is said:
dlyana-niimailanablyasad
dcvam pasycn nigudlavai
"ly icpcaicd mcdiiaiion onc is ablc io scc ilc Supcisoul liddcn in ilc lcaii."
ly icpcaicd mcdiiaiion onc dcvclops lovc loi ilc Loid, and ai ilai iimc onc is
ablc io scc ilc Loid. Howcvci, in ilc lialma-vaivaiia Puiana ii is said:
na iam aiadlayiivapi
lascid vyali-laiisyaii
niiyavyalio yaio dcval
paiamaima sanaianal
"No onc, simply by cngaging in woislip, can loicc ilc Loid io bccomc visiblc.
To a pcison wlo iiics io loicc Him in ilis way, ilc cicinal Loid is always
invisiblc."
Tlc woislip dcsciibcd lcic is woislip pciloimcd wiiloui sinccic lovc loi ilc
Supicmc Loid.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is picscni wiilin
cvciyiling' Il Hc is picscni wiilin, ilcn ii is a coniiadiciion io say ilai Hc can
comc oui. Hc icmains wiilin and Hc docs noi comc oui. Tlcicloic ilc siaicmcni
ilai ilc Supicmc Loid comcs oui and bccomcs diiccily visiblc is a collcciion ol
mcaninglcss woids, woids ilai coniiadici ilc iiuil ilai ilc Loid is always picscni
wiilin cvciyiling.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing
icply.
Sufra 27
aio 'nanicna iaila li lingam
aial-ilcicloic; ananicna-by ilc inliniic; iaila-so; li-indccd; lingam-
cvidcncc.
Ii is so by ilc inliniic. Tlcic is cvidcncc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcic is cvidcncc io suppoii boil idcas: ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is picscni
wiilin cvciyiling, and ilai ilc Supicmc Loid bccomcs visiblc io ilcy wlo
mcdiiaic on Him. Tlc unlimiicd Supicmc Loid, plcascd by His dcvoiccs' woislip
ol Him, slows io ilcm His own loim. Hc docs ilis by His inconccivablc mcicy.
Tlai slould bc acccpicd. How is ilis lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains: Tlcic is
cvidcncc." In ilc Ailaiva Vcda ii is said:
vijnana-glanananda-glana-sac-cid-anandaila-iaso blalii-yogc iisilaii
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc swcci loim is cicinal and lull ol
bliss and lnowlcdgc, bccomcs visiblc wlcn Hc is woislipcd wiil dcvoiion."
Tlis mcans ilai by His mcicy ilc Loid appcais bcloic ilcy wlo woislip Him
wiil dcvoiion. In ilc Naiayanadlyaima ii is said:
niiyavyalio 'pi blagavan
lsaic nija-saliiial
iam iic paiamaimanam
lal pasyciam iiam piablum
"Alilougl Hc is always invisiblc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs
visiblc by His own powci. Wiiloui liisi obiaining His mcicy, wlo can scc Him'"
Tlis mcans ilai ilc Loid bccomcs visiblc by His own wisl. Tlc Supicmc Loid
Himscll dcclaics (llagavad-gia 7.2+):
avyaliam vyaliim apannam
manyanic mam abuddlayal
paiam blavam ajananio
mamavyayam anuiiamam
"Uniniclligcni mcn, wlo do noi lnow Mc pcilccily, ilinl ilai I, ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Kisna, was impcisonal bcloic and lavc now assumcd ilis
pcisonaliiy. Duc io ilcii small lnowlcdgc, ilcy do noi lnow My liglci naiuic,
wlicl is impciislablc and supicmc."
lccausc ilc Loid bccomcs visiblc in icsponsc io His dcvoiccs' lovc, ilai docs
noi mcan ilai Hc is noi also all-pcivading, picscni wiilin cvciyiling. Hc docs
boil ilcsc aciions by ilc powci ol His own inicinal poicncy. Howcvci, io ilcy
wlo do noi lovc Him, Hc picscnis only a icllcciion oi a sladow ol Himscll. Tlc
Loid Himscll alliims (llagavad-gia 7.25):
nalam pialasal saivasya
yogamaya-samaviial
"I am ncvci manilcsi io ilc loolisl and uniniclligcni. Ioi ilcm I am covcicd by
My inicinal poicncy."
Tlcicloic, cvcn ilougl Hc is lull ol iiansccndcnial bliss and oilci auspicious
qualiiics, Hc appcais iciiiblc and lciocious io ilcy wlo lavc no lovc loi Him.
Tlcicloic io ilcy wlo do noi lovc Him Hc icmains invisiblc.
Adhikarana 1+
The Lord's QuaIifies Are Nof Differenf From His SeIf
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc piovcd ilc iiuil ilai ilc Loid's qualiiics aic noi dillcicni liom His
scll. Il ilc Loid's qualiiics wcic dillcicni liom His scll, ilcn His qualiiics would bc
sccondaiy and unimpoiiani, and ilus lovc loi ilc Loid, lovc inspiicd by ilosc
qualiiics, would also bccomc sccondaiy and unimpoiiani. Howcvci, lovc loi ilc
Loid is noi sccondaiy and unimpoiiani. Ii is clcaily sccn ilai lovc loi ilc Loid is
ol ilc gicaicsi impoiiancc. Tlc Loid's qualiiics aic dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia:
vijnanam anandam bialma
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss."
yal saiva-jnal saiva-vid
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is all-lnowing."
anandam bialmano vidvan
"A wisc man lnows ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol bliss."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc woislipablc Supicmc Tiuil ilc aciual qualiiics ol bliss
and lnowlcdgc ilcmsclvcs, and ilus impcisonal, oi is ilc Supicmc Tiuil a pcison
wlo posscsscs ilc qualiiics ol bliss and lnowlcdgc'"
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc boil idcas aic dcsciibcd in ilc
sciipiuics ii is noi possiblc io comc io a linal conclusion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 28
ublaya-vyapadcsai iv ali-lundala-vai
ublaya-ol boil; vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion; iu-indccd; ali-ilc
snalc; lundala-and ilc coils; vai-lilc.
lccausc indccd ilcic is dcsciipiion ol boil, Hc is lilc a snalc and iis coils.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc qualiiics ol lnowlcdgc and bliss
ilcmsclvcs, and Hc is also a pcison wlo posscsscs ilc qualiiics ol lnowlcdgc and
bliss. Hc is lilc a snalc and iis coils. As a snalc boil is and posscsscs iis coils, so
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad boil is and posscsscs His qualiiics. How is
ilis lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains: lccausc ilcic is dcsciipiion ol boil." Tlc Siuii-
sasiia dcsciibcs boil. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) lcic linis ilai
ilc passagcs ol ilc Siuii-sasiia lavc a singlc mcaning. Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai ilc
Loid is inconccivablc. Tlc Loid is noi dividcd. Ii is noi ilai ilcsc iwo linds ol
cxplanaiions ol ilc sciipiuics mcan ilai onc paii ol ilc Loid las onc naiuic and
anoilci paii ol Him las a dillcicni naiuic. Hc is noi dividcd inio paiis in ilai way.
Sufra 29
pialasasiayavad va icjasivai
pialasa-ol ligli; asiaya-ilc slclici; vai-lilc; va-oi; icjasivai-bccausc ol
bcing splcndid.
Oi, bccausc Hc is cllulgcni Hc is lilc an abodc ol ligli.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is cllulgcni, ilai is io say bccausc
Hc is lull ol consciousncss, ilcicloic Hc is ilc abodc ol ligli. Tlai is ilc
conclusion. As ilc cllulgcni sun is ilc abodc ol ligli, so ilc all-lnowing Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc abodc ol lnowlcdgc. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlc woid
"icjal" is dclincd io mcan ciilci ilc dcsiioyci ol ignoiancc" oi "ilc dcsiioyci ol
dailncss".
Sufra 30
puivavad va
puiva-pasi; vai-as; va-oi.
Oi, as ilc pasi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As ii is said ilai iimc boil posscsscs ilc pasi and also is ilc pasi iiscll, so ilc
Supicmc boil posscsscs lnowlcdgc and bliss and also is lnowlcdgc and bliss.
Tlus ilc Supicmc is boil ilc qualiiy and ilc posscssoi ol ilc qualiiy. In ilc
lialma Puiana ii is said:
anandcna iv ablinncna
vyavalaial pialasavai
puivavad va yaila lalal
svavccclcdalaiam viajci
"As ilc sun is noi dillcicni liom iis ligli oi iimc is noi dillcicni liom iis qualiiy
ol ilc pasi, so ilc Supicmc is noi dillcicni liom His bliss."
In ilis sciics ol analogics (suiias 2S-30) cacl analogy is moic subilc ilan ilc
onc bcloic ii.
Sufra 31
piaiiscdlac ca
piaiiscdlai-bccausc ol dcnial; ca-also.
Also bccausc ii is dcnicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. In ilc Kaila Upanisad (2.+.11
and 1+) ii is said:
manasaivcdam apiavyam
ncla nanasii lincana
miiyol sa miiyum apnoii
ya ila nancva pasyaii
"A puic lcaii can undcisiand ilai ilc Loid and His aiiiibuics aic noi dillcicni.
Hc wlo sccs ilcm as dillcicni iiavcls liom dcail io dcail."
yailodalam duigc visiam
paivaicsu vidlavaii
cvam dlaiman piilal pasyams
ian cvanuvidlavaii
"Onc wlo ilinls ilc Loid and His aiiiibuics aic dillcicni lalls inio lcll as
iainwaici glidcs down a mouniain pcal."
In ilc Naiada-pancaiaiia ii is said:
niidosa-puina-guna-vigiala aima-ianiio
nisccianaimala-saiia-gunais ca lnal
ananda-maiia-laia-pada-mullodaiadil
saivaiia ca svagaia-blcda-vivaijiiaima
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is indcpcndcni, laulilcss, lillcd wiil
viiiucs, noi icsiding in a maiciial body, uniouclcd by ilc modcs ol naiuic oi a
maiciial body laslioncd ol inanimaic maiici, bui siill posscssing a lacc, bclly,
lands, lcci and oilci lcaiuics ol a spiiiiual body lillcd wiil bliss. Hc is noi
dillcicni liom His vaiious limbs, lcaiuics, and qualiiics."
lccausc in ilis way ilc sciipiuics dcny ilai ilc Loid is dillcicni liom His
aiiiibuics, ilcicloic ilc Loid is noi dillcicni liom His aiiiibuics. Tlcicloic ilc
woid blagavan" (ilc all-opulcni Supicmc Loid) is dclincd in icims ol ilc Loid's
lnowlcdgc and oilci aiiiibuics. In ilc Visnu Puiana ii is said:
jnana-salii-balaisvaiya-
viya-icjamsy ascsaial
blagavac-clabda-vacyani
vina lcyaii gunadiblil
"Tlc woid blagavan' mcans Hc wlo las all lnowlcdgc, siicngil, wcalil,
powci, lcioism, and splcndoi, bui no laulis'."
Alilougl ilc Loid and His aiiiibuics aic aciually onc, ilcy aic spolcn ol as
bcing iwo in ilc samc way ilai a body ol waici and iis wavcs aic spolcn ol as
bcing iwo. Tlc Loid is blisslul. Hc is also bliss iiscll. Tlcicloic His loim is lull ol
bliss. lccausc ilc Loid's aciiviiics aic cicinal, ilcicloic ilc Loid's loim is also
cicinal. Howcvci, loi ilc salc ol oidinaiy dcalings a picicndcd disiinciion is madc
bciwccn ilc Loid and His aiiiibuics, cvcn ilougl ilcic is in iiuil no disiinciion ai
all. Il ilis is noi donc ilcn ii would noi bc possiblc io spcal scnicnccs lilc,
"Lxisicncc cxisis," "Timc is always," and "Spacc is cvciywlcic," siaicmcnis ilai
aic usclul in oidinaiy discouisc. Noi aic siaicmcnis lilc Lxisicncc cxisis" loolisl
illusions. Tlcy aic mcaninglul siaicmcnis, as ilc scnicncc "Tlc jai cxisis" is a
mcaninglul siaicmcni. Tlcsc siaicmcnis aic noi mciaplois lilc ilc scnicncc
"Dcvadaiia is a lion", loi ilc siaicmcni Lxisicncc docs noi cxisi" can ncvci bc
iiuillully said. Noi do ilcsc siaicmcnis lini ilai aiiiibuics do noi cxisi, loi in ilc
picviously siaicd cxamplc ol waici llowing liom a mouniain pcal ilcic aic
cciiainly aiiiibuics. Howcvci, ilc idca ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is dillcicni liom His
aiiiibuics is cciiainly dcnicd lcic. In ilis way ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
is noi dillcicni liom ilc aiiiibuics Hc posscsscs.
Adhikarana 15
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Experiences fhe Highesf BIiss
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc dcsciibcd ilc iiuil ilai ilc bliss and oilci aiiiibuics ol ilc Loid
aic all ol ilc liglcsi naiuic. Il ilc bliss and oilci aiiiibuics ol ilc individual spiiii
souls wcic cqual io ilc bliss and aiiiibuics ol ilc Loid, lovc and dcvoiion loi ilc
Loid would noi bc possiblc.
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Now will bc discusscd ilc icxis ilai
dcsciibc ilcsc aiiiibuics ol ilc Loid.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc bliss and oilci aiiiibuics ol ilc Supicmc Loid gicaici
ilan ilc bliss and oilci aiiiibuics ol ilc individual spiiii souls, oi aic ilcy noi
gicaici ilan ilcm'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc bliss ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is dcsciibcd in ilc samc icims uscd io dcsciibc ilc
oidinaiy blisscs ol ilc maiciial woild, ilcicloic ilc Loid's bliss is noi gicaici.
Alici all, wlcn onc spcals ilc woid "jai" onc docsn'i mcan somciling gicaici ilan
a jai.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 32
paiam aial sciunmana-sambandla-blcda-vyapadcscblyal
paiam-gicaici; aial-ilan ilis; sciu-ol a biidgc; unmana-immcasuiablc;
sambandla-iclaiionslip; blcda-dillcicncc; vyapadcscblyal-liom ilc
dcsciipiions.
Ii is gicaici bccausc ol ilc siaicmcnis aboui a biidgc, immcasuiabiliiy, a
iclaiionslip, and a dillcicncc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc bliss and oilci aiiiibuics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic
gicaici ilan ilc bliss and aiiiibuics ol ilc individual spiiii souls. Wly is ilai' Tlc
suiia dcclaics: bccausc ol ilc siaicmcnis aboui a biidgc, immcasuiabiliiy, a
iclaiionslip, and a dillcicncc." Tlc siaicmcni aboui a biidgc is givcn in ilc
Clandogya Upanisad (S.+.1), wlcic ilc bliss ol ilc Supicmc Loid is dcsciibcd in
ilcsc woids:
csa sciui vidliiil
"Ii is ilc liglcsi biidgc."
Tlc siaicmcni aboui immcasuiabiliiy is givcn in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.+.1):
yaio vaco nivaiianic
"Unablc io dcsciibc ilc immcasuiablc bliss ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, woids iciuin and bccomc silcni."
Tlc siaicmcni aboui a iclaiionslip is givcn in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(+.3.32):
ciasyaivanandasyanyani bluiani maiiam upajvanii
"Tlc bliss ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc liglcsi. All oilcis
cxpciicncc only a small poiiion ol ilai bliss."
Tlc siaicmcni aboui a dillcicncc is givcn in ilc lollowing woids:
anyaj jnanam iu jvanam
anyaj jnanam paiasya ca
niiyanandavyayam puinam
paiam jnanam vdliyaic
"Tlc lnowlcdgc posscsscd by ilc individual spiiii souls is onc iling and ilc
lnowlcdgc posscsscd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is anoilci. Tlc
pcilcci, complcic, blisslul, and immuiablc lnowlcdgc posscsscd by ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is liglci."
Tlc bliss and oilci aiiiibuics dcsciibcd in ilcsc siaicmcnis aic noi ai all lilc
ilc oidinaiy bliss and oilci aiiiibuics lound in ilis woild.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Siill, wlai is dcsciibcd wiil ilc woid "jai" cannoi
ically bc dillcicni liom a jai.
To answci ilis objcciion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias spcals ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 33
samanyai iu
samanyai-bccausc ol icsamblancc; iu-bui.
lui bccausc ol a common qualiiy.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. As ilc woid "jai" is uscd io
dcsciibc many dillcicni linds ol jais, wlicl all lavc a singlc qualiiy ol "jaincss" in
common, so ilc woid "bliss" dcsciibcs many dillcicni linds ol oidinaiy and
cxiiaoidinaiy blisscs, wlicl all lavc a singlc qualiiy ol "blissncss" in common.
Howcvci ilc dillcicni linds ol bliss and oilci aiiiibuics aic noi alilc in all
icspccis. Tlcicloic ii is said:
paia-jnanamayo 'sadblii
nama-jaiy-adiblii viblul
na yogavan na yulio 'blun
naiva paiiliva yolsyaii
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las ilc liglcsi iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc. Hc ncvci is, was, oi will bc iouclcd by ilc icmpoiaiy namcs and
loims ol ilc maiciial woild."
Ii ilis way ii is dcmonsiiaicd ilai ilc lnowlcdgc posscsscd by ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is supciioi io ilc lnowlcdgc posscsscd by ilc individual
spiiii souls.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aciually
supciioi io ilc individual spiiii souls and io ilc inanimaic maiciial woild, ilcn
wly docs ilc Clandogya Upanisad (3.1+.1) dcclaic:
saivam llalv idam bialma iaj jalan iii sania upasia
"Lvciyiling is ilc Supicmc. Lvciyiling is manilcsicd liom Him. A pcacclul
sagc slould woislip Him."
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias answcis ilis objcciion.
Sufra 3+
buddly-aiilal pada-vai
buddli-ol undcisianding; aiilal-loi ilc puiposc; pada-looi; vai-lilc.
Ii is loi undcisianding, lilc ilc woid "looi".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis icacling is mcani io incicasc undcisianding. Tlc undcisianding lcic is
ilai cvciyiling bclongs io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is lilc ilc
cxplanaiion ol ilc woid "looi" in ilc sciipiuics. In ilc Rg Vcda (10.90.3) ii is said:
pado 'sya visva bluiani
"Tlc cniiic maiciial univcisc is His onc looi."
ly undcisianding ilai ilc cniiic maiciial univcisc is a singlc looi ol ilc
Supicmc, a pcison no longci laics anyonc, and ilcn lis lcaii bccomcs dcvoicd
io ilc Loid. Tlis docs noi mcan, lowcvci, ilai onc slould bccomc aiiiacicd io
cvciyiling, loi ilai would bcwildci ilc iniclligcncc.
Adhikarana 16
The Supreme Is Nof Devoid of Variefy
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai bccausc ilcic is a gicai vaiiciy ol linds ol
lovc and dcvoiion loi Him, woislipablc Loid Haii assumcs a gicai vaiiciy ol
loims. Il ilis wcic noi so ilcn many linds ol lovc loi ilc Loid would bc ilwaiicd.
Tlcsc many loims ol ilc Loid aic all bcginninglcss and cicinal. In ilc Siuii-sasiia
ii is said:
clo 'pi san baludla yo 'vablaii
"Alilougl Hc is onc, Hc appcais in many loims."
Tlus ilc onc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad appcais cicinally in many
dillcicni placcs.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilcic vaiiciics ol gicaici and lcssci in ilcsc loims, oi
noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilcsc loims aic all cqually ilc
Supicmc Loid, ilcicloic ilcy aic all ilc samc and ilcy aic noi dillcicni.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 35
silana-viscsai pialasadi-vai
silana-ol placcs; viscsai-liom ilc vaiiciy; pialasa-ligli; adi-bcginning
wiil; vai-lilc.
Lilc ligli and oilci ilings, so Hc also is dillcicni in dillcicni placcs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is onc, ncvciilclcss, in dillcicni
placcs and bcloic dillcicni dcvoiccs Hc manilcsis dillcicni linds ol opulcncc,
powci, and swccincss. In ilis way, in ilc picscncc ol dcvoiccs in ilc vaiious
mcllows, sucl as ilc mcllows ol pcacclulncss, sciviiudc, and liicndslip, ilc Loid
manilcsis many dillcicni linds ol loims. Hc docs ilis in ilc samc way as ligli oi
oilci ilings also manilcsi many dillcicni linds ol loims. As ilc ligli ol a lamp
appcais clcai oi icd wlcn icllccicd liom ciysials oi iubics sci in a icmplc's walls,
and as sound, alilougl oiiginally onc, appcais dillcicni wlcn soundcd by a
conclslcll, midanga, lluic, oi oilci musical insiiumcni, so ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad manilcsi swccincss and oilci aiiiibuics accoiding io ilc
dillcicni ciicumsianccs. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Wlcn ilc Loid manilcsis His gicai
opulcncc, Hc is woislipcd by ilc iulcs and icgulaiions ol vidli-blalii. Tlai
manilcsiaiion is compaicd io ilc ligli icllccicd liom ciysial. Wlcn ilc Loid
manilcsis His gicai swccincss, Hc is woislipcd by ilc sponiancous lovc ol iuci-
blalii. Tlai manilcsiaiion is compaicd io ilc ligli icllccicd liom iubics. In ilis
way ilc Loid's many manilcsiaiions in dillcicni abodcs and in iclaiion io ilc
dillcicni linds ol dcvoiion ol dillcicni linds ol dcvoiccs, aic basically ol ilcsc iwo
linds (opulcncc and swccincss).
Sufra 36
upapaics ca
upapaicl-bccausc ol icasonablcncss; ca-also.
Also bccausc ii is icasonablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis is also dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad (3.1+.1), wlicl cxplains:
"As onc las laiil in ilc Loid, so onc is icwaidcd."
Ii is noi oilciwisc. As ilcic aic dillcicni linds ol lovc loi ilc onc Supicmc
Loid, so ilc onc Loid cxpands inio many dillcicni loims.
Adhikarana 17
The Lord is fhe Highesf
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is ilc liglcsi. Il anyonc
wcic supciioi io ilc Supicmc Loid, ilcn ii would noi bc possiblc io dcvclop lovc
and dcvoiion io Him. Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.+) clcaily siaics ilai ilc Loid is ilc
gicaicsi. Howcvci, Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.10) dcsciibcs somciling supciioi io
ilc Supicmc Loid.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilcic a pcison oi iling gicaici ilan ilc woislipablc
Supicmc Loid, oi is ilcic noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlcic is somciling gicaici ilan ilc
Supicmc Loid. Tlis is clcaily dcsciibcd in Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.10).
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 37
iailanya-piaiiscdlai
iaila-so; anya-ol anoilci; piaiiscdlai-bccausc ol ilc dcnial.
Ii is so, loi anoilci is dcnicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Noiling is gicaici ilan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wly is ilai' Tlc
suiia cxplains: "loi anoilci is dcnicd." In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.9) ii is said:
yasmai paiam napaiam asii lincid
yasman nanyo na jyayo 'sii lincii
"Tlcic is no iiuil supciioi io ilai Supicmc Pcison bccausc Hc is ilc
supcimosi. Hc is smallci ilan ilc smallcsi, and Hc is gicaici ilan ilc gicaicsi."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics dcny ilc cxisicncc ol anyiling gicaici ilan ilc
Supicmc Loid. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic. In Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.S) ii is said:
vcdalam ciam puiusam malaniam
adiiya-vainam iamasal paiasiai
iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii
nanyal panilal vidyaic 'yanaya
"I lnow ilai Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo is iiansccndcnial io all
maiciial condiiions ol dailncss. Only lc wlo lnows Him can iiansccnd ilc bonds
ol biiil and dcail. Tlcic is no way loi libciaiion oilci ilan lnowlcdgc ol ilai
Supicmc Pcison."
Alici ilus icacling ilai no pail bui lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcison lcads io
libciaiion, ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.9) cxplains:
yasmai paiam napaiam asii
"Tlcic is no iiuil supciioi io ilai Supicmc Pcison."
In ilis way is piovcd ilai ilcic is no iiuil supciioi io ilc Supicmc Loid. In
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.10) ii is said:
iaio yad uiiaiaiaiam
iad aiupam anamayam
ya ciad vidui amiias ic blavaniy
ailciaic dulllam cvapi yanii
"Tlcy wlo lnow ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is gicaici ilan ilc
gicaicsi, and las no maiciial body and no laulis, bccomc immoiial. Tlcy wlo do
noi lnow Him sullci."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics dcclaic ilai ilcic is no iiuil supciioi io ilc Loid. In
ilis way ilc lalsc idca ol oui opponcni is dispiovcd. In llagavad-gia (7.7), ilc
Supicmc Loid Himscll dcclaics:
maiial paiaiaiam nanyai
lincid asii dlananjaya
"O conqucioi ol wcalil, ilcic is no iiuil supciioi io Mc."
Adhikarana 18
The Lord is AII-pervading
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now, io slow ilai ilc objcci ol woislip is always ncaiby, ilc iiuil ilai ilc
Supicmc Loid is all-pcivading will bc dcsciibcd. Oilciwisc, il ilc Supicmc Loid
wcic noi always ncaiby, ilcn ilcic would noi bc cnilusiasm io lovc ilc Loid, and
lovc loi ilc Loid would bccomc slaclcncd. In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is
said:
clo vas saiva-gal lisna dyal
"Loid Kisna, ilc supicmc coniiollci and ilc supicmc objcci ol woislip, is
picscni cvciywlcic."
Samsaya (doubi): Is Loid Haii, ilc supicmc objcci ol mcdiiaiion, all-pcivading,
oi docs Hc siay only in onc placc'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Loid is ol modciaic lcigli, and
bccausc Hc siays alool liom ilc maiciial woild, ilc Loid cannoi bc cvciywlcic
and docs noi go io cvciy placc. Tlcicloic ilc Loid is noi all-pcivading.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 38
ancna saivagaiaivam ayama-sabdadiblyal
ancna-by Him; saiva-cvciywlcic; gaia-going; ivam-ilc siaic ol bcing;
ayama-all-pcivasivcncss; sabda-Siuii-sasiia; adiblyal-bcginning wiil.
Hc is cvciywlcic, loi ilc Siuii-sasiia and oilci sciipiuics dcclaic ilai Hc is all-
pcivading.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Lvcn ilougl His loim is ol a modciaic lcigli, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is all-pcivading. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "ilc Siuii-sasiia and
oilci sciipiuics dcclaic ilai Hc is all-pcivading." Hcic ilc woid "ayama" mcans
"all-pcivading". Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) lcic mcans "bccausc Hc las
inconccivablc poicncics".
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
clo vas saiva-gal lisna dyal
"Loid Kisna, ilc supicmc coniiollci and ilc supicmc objcci ol woislip, is
picscni cvciywlcic."
In ilc Taiiiiiya Aianyala ii is said:
yac ca lincij jagai saivam
disyaic siuyaic 'pi va
aniai balis ca iai saivam
vyapya naiayanal siliial
"Loid Naiayana is picscni cvciywlcic. Hc is wiilin and wiiloui cvciyiling. Hc
is wiilin cvciyiling ilai las cvci bccn sccn oi lcaid."
In ilis way ii is dcclaicd ilai, cvcn ilougl Hc las a loim ol modciaic lcigli,
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is cciiainly all-pcivading. lccausc ol His
inconccivablc poicncics ilc Loid is gicaici ilan all and picscni cvciywlcic, cvcn
ilougl His loim is ol a modciaic lcigli. In llagavad-gia (9.+ and 5), ilc
Supicmc Loid Himscll dcclaics:
maya iaiam idam saivam
jagad avyalia-muiiina
mai-silani saiva-bluiani
na calam icsv avasiliial
na ca mai-silani bluiani
pasya mc yogam aisvaiam
"ly Mc, in My unmanilcsicd loim, ilis cniiic univcisc is pcivadcd. All bcings
aic in Mc, bui I am noi in ilcm. And yci cvciyiling ilai is cicaicd docs noi icsi in
Mc. lclold My mysiic opulcncc!"
lccausc ilc Supicmc Loid is dillcicni liom maiici docs noi mcan ilai Hc
cannoi bc all-pcivading wiilin ilc maiciial woild, loi ilc Siuii-sasiia clcaily
dcclaics ilai Hc is cciiainly picscni wiilin and wiiloui. Tlc sciipiuics also alliim
ilai as oil is picscni in scsamc sccds and as buiici is picscni in yoguii, so ilc
Supicmc Loid is picscni cvciywlcic. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai woislipablc
Loid Haii is picscni cvciywlcic. Tlis is clcaily slown in His Damodaia pasiimc.
Lvcn ilougl Hc was a small clild, siill Hc displaycd His powci ol bcing all-
pcivading.
Adhikarana 19
The Supreme Lord Awards fhe Fruifs of Acfion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc dcsciibcd ilc iiuil ilai ilc Supicmc Loid awaids all ilc liuiis ol
aciion. Oilciwisc, il Hc did noi awaid ilc liuiis ol aciion, oi il Hc awaidcd only
somc ol ilc liuiis ol aciion, bccausc ol His miscilincss ii would bc dilliculi io
dcvclop lovc loi Him. In ilc Piasna Upanisad (3.7) ii is said:
punycna punyam lolam nayaii
"Tlc Supicmc Loid ialcs ilc pious io ilc woild ol ilc pious."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc pious icsulis ilai bcgin wiil cniiancc inio Svaigalola
aiiaincd by pciloiming yajnas and oilci pious dccds, oi aic ilcy aiiaincd by ilc
sanciion givcn by ilc Loid'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlcsc icsulis aic causcd by pciloimancc ol
yajnas and oilci pious dccds. Tlc Supicmc Loid las noiling io do wiil ii.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 39
plalam aia upapaiicl
plalam-liuii; aial-liom Him; upapaiicl-bccausc ii is icasonablc.
Tlc icsuli is liom Him, loi ilai is icasonablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc aiiainmcni ol Svaigalola and oilci pious bcncliis, bcncliis aiiaincd by
pciloiming yajnas and oilci pious dccds, aic aciually awaidcd by ilc Supicmc
Loid Himscll. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "loi ilai is icasonablc." In ilis way
ii is slown ilai ilc cicinal, all-lnowing, all-powcilul, and supicmcly gcncious
Loid, wlcn Hc is woislipcd by ilc pciloimancc ol yajnas and oilci pious dccds,
alici somc iimc las clapscd gianis ilc icwaids ol ilcsc pious dccds. Tlc dccds
ilcmsclvcs, wlicl aic only incii maiici and wlicl pciisl in a momcni as soon as
ilcy aic pciloimcd, do noi giani ilcsc icwaids. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi givcs ilc piool ol ilis.
Sufra +0
siuiaivac ca
siuiaivai-bccausc ol bcing dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia; ca-also.
Also bccausc ii is alliimcd by ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.9.2S) ii is said:
vijnanam anandam bialma iaiii daiul paiayanam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss. Ii is Hc
wlo givcs ilc liuiis ol aciions io ilcy wlo pciloim yajnas."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.2+) ii is also said:
sa va csa malan aja aima annado vasu-danal
"Tlc unboin Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad givcs ilc liuiis ol woil."
Tlcsc iwo passagcs cxplain ilai ilc Supicmc Loid givcs ilc liuiis ol aciion.
Tlc woid "daiul" mcans "ol ilc pciloimci ol yajna", and "iaiil" mcans ilc givci
ol ilc icsulis".
Sufra +1
dlaimam jaiminii aia cva
dlaimam-piciy; jaiminil-Jaimini; aial-liom Him; cva-indccd.
Jaimini alliims ilai piciy comcs liom Him.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Jaimini lolds ilai piciy comcs liom ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlc pious dccd ilai
givcs an auspicious icsuli iiscll comcs liom ilc Supicmc Loid. In ilc Kausiali
Upanisad (3.S) ii is said:
csa cva sadlu laima laiayaii
"Tlc Loid cngagcs ilc living cniiiy in pious aciiviiics."
Accoiding io Jaimini, ilc Supicmc Loid docs noi givc ilc icsulis ol aciions,
ciilci diiccily oi indiiccily. Tlc Loid cicaics only ilc aciions ilcmsclvcs and ilc
icsulis aic givcn by ilc aciions.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai aciions aic ovci in a momcni,
wlcicas ilcic is olicn a gicai lapsc ol iimc bcloic aciions bcai ilcii laimic icsuli'
Il ilc aciions quiclly ccasc io cxisi ilcy cannoi cicaic ilc laimic icsulis, loi
somciling ilai las ccascd io cxisi cannoi cicaic somciling ncw.
To ilis objcciion Jaimini may icply: No. Ii is noi so. Lvcn ilougl ilc aciion
iiscll comcs io an cnd, ii lcavcs bclind a poicniial icsuli. Only wlcn ilis icsuli is
lullillcd is ilc aciion aciually complcicd. Lvcn il ilcic is a considciablc lapsc ol
iimc, ilc aciion iiscll givcs ilc icsuli io ilc pcison, a icsuli appiopiiaic io ilai
paiiiculai aciion. Tlus aciions aic ilc givcis ol icsulis.
In ilc lollowing woids Sila Vyasadcva, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias, givcs His
opinion.
Sufra +2
puivam iu badaiayano lciu-vyapadcsai
puivam-picvious; iu-bui; badaiayanal-Vyasadcva; lciu-ol ilc causc;
vyapadcsai-liom ilc dcsciipiion.
lui Vyasadcva lolds ilc picvious vicw, loi ilc Loid is dcsciibcd as ilc causc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "iu" (bui) is cmploycd io dispcl doubi. Vyasadcva lolds ilc
picvious vicw, ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad awaids ilc liuiis ol
aciion. Wly so' Tlc suiia cxplains: "loi ilc Loid is dcsciibcd as ilc causc". In ilc
Piasna Upanisad (3.7) ii is said:
punycna punyam lolam nayaii papcna papam
"Tlc Supicmc Loid ialcs ilc pious io ilc woild ol ilc pious and ilc sinlul io
ilc woild ol ilc sinlul."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics icacl ilai ilc Supicmc Loid awaids ilc icsulis ol
aciion. Tlai is ilc mcaning. lccausc ilcy alicady lavc ccascd io cxisi, ilc aciions
ilcmsclvcs cannoi bc ilc causc ol ilc laimic icsulis. Also, ii is ilc Supicmc Loid
Himscll wlo is ilc cicaioi ol laima, loi ilc sciipiuics say:
diavyam laima ca lalas ca
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is cicaioi ol maiici, laima, and iimc.
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc Loid is ilc cicaioi ol laima. Tlc idca ilai
aciions lcavc bclind a poicniial icsuli is a lamc and loolisl idca. Aciions aic
inanimaic and unconscious. Tlcy aic lilc a blocl ol wood oi a sionc, and
ilcicloic ilcy lavc no powci io awaid ilc icsulis ol aciions. Also, ilc Siuii-sasiia
ncvci dcsciibcs ilcm as awaiding ilc icsulis ol aciions.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc dcmigods aic woislipcd in ilc
pciloimancc ol yajnas and ii is ilc dcmigods ilcmsclvcs wlo givc ilc icsulis ol
ilcsc yajnas.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: Ii is by ilc sanciion ol ilc Supicmc Loid ilai ilc
dcmigods aic ablc io givc ilcsc icsulis. Tlis is clcaily dcsciibcd in ilc Aniaiyami
lialmana. Tlcicloic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll awaids ilc
icsulis ol aciions. Tlc loius-cycd Supicmc Loid Himscll alliims ilis in ilc
lollowing woids (llagavad-gia 7.21-22):
yo yo yam yam ianum blaliam
siaddlayaiciium icclaii
iasya iasyacalam siaddlam
iam cva vidadlamy alam
"I am in cvciyonc's lcaii as ilc Supcisoul. As soon as onc dcsiics io woislip
somc dcmigod, I malc lis laiil sicady so lc can dcvoic limscll io ilai paiiiculai
dciiy.
sa iaya siaddlaya yulias
iasyaiadlanam ilaic
lablaic ca iaial laman
mayaiva viliian li ian
"Lndowcd wiil sucl a laiil, lc cndcavois io woislip a paiiiculai dcmigod and
obiain lis dcsiics. lui in aciualiiy ilcsc bcncliis aic bcsiowcd by Mc alonc."
In ilis way woislipcd by ilc pciloimancc ol yajna, ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll
givcs ilc auspicious icsulis io ilc woislipci. Wlcn Hc is ilus plcascd by
dcvoiion, ilc Supicmc Loid will givc cvciyiling, cvcn Himscll io His dcvoicc. Tlis
will bc dcsciibcd laici on wiil quoics liom ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Tlus, in ilcsc iwo padas las bccn sccn: 1. ilc lauli ol ilc maiciial woild,
wlicl is an abodc ol many sullciings, bcginning wiil icpcaicd biiil and dcail, 2.
ilc laulilcss gloiics ol ilc Loid, 3. ilc Loid's bcing ilc coniiollci ol all, +. ilc
Loid's loim ol puic spiiii, and 5. ilc Loid's bcing noi dillcicni liom His aiiiibuics.
ly lcaiing ol ilcsc ilings onc dcvclops a gicai iliisi io aiiain ilc Loid's
associaiion and a gicai disgusi loi all ilai is lai liom ilc Loid. In ilis way onc
comcs io aiiain ilc Loid. Tlai is wlai was icvcalcd in ilcsc iwo padas.
Pada 3
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
paiaya niiasya mayam guna-
laimadni yo blajaii niiyam
dcvas caiianya-ianui manasi
mamasau paiispluiaiu lisnal
May Loid Kisna, wlo wiil ilc aid ol His iiansccndcnial poicncy puslcs asidc
ilc inllucncc ol maya, wlo las a losi ol iiansccndcnial viiiucs cicinally, wlo
cnjoys cicinal iiansccndcnial pasiimcs, and wlo las now appcaicd as Si Caiianya
Malapiablu, appcai in my lcaii.
In ilis pada will bc icvcalcd ilc way ol woisliping ilc Loid's iiansccndcnial
aiiiibuics. As in a vaiduiya jcwcl many splcndid colois aic always manilcsi, so in
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad many dillcicni iiansccndcnial loims, all
pcilcci and wiiloui bcginning, aic also manilcsi cicinally. Undcisianding ilai ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is supicmcly pcilcci, complcic, and puic,
las many dillcicni loims, a dcvoicc bccomcs aiiiacicd io onc ol ilc Loid's loims
and diiccis lis woislip io ilai loim. Il ilc vaiious sciipiuics dcsciibc
iiansccndcnial viiiucs picscni in ilai loim ol ilc Loid, all ilosc viiiucs may also
bc asciibcd io ilai singlc closcn loim. Tlus a pcison wlo woislips ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as picscni in His powcis and opulcnccs, sucl as ilc mind
and ilc oilci powcis ol ilc woild, slould icvicw ilc sciipiuics' dcsciipiions ol
ilc vaiious qualiiics ol ilcsc loims, bui noi ol oilci loims ol ilc Loid.
Oilcis, lowcvci, spcal in ilc lollowing way: Tlc onc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad assumcs dillcicni loims as an acioi assumcs dillcicni iolcs on ilc siagc.
In ilis way ilc Loid las many dillcicni namcs and abodcs. Ioi ilis icason all ilc
qualiiics and pasiimcs ol ilc dillcicni loims ol ilc Loid, as dcsciibcd in ilc
sciipiuics, may bc asciibcd io any onc ol ilc Loid's loims.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai many ol ilc qualiiics ol many ol ilc
Loid's loims, qualiiics dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics, cannoi bc piopcily asciibcd io
all ol ilc Loid's loims' Is ii noi so ilai swccincss, opulcncc, pcacclulncss,
ausiciiiy, lciociousncss, and oilci qualiiics may bc muiually coniiadicioiy, and ii
may also bc coniiadicioiy io asciibc ilc lcaiuics ol laving a loin, iail, manc, iusl,
oi oilci lcaiuics appiopiiaic io ilc Loid's loims lilc Vaiala and oilcis io ilc
Loid's lumanlilc loims, wlicl caiiy a lluic, conclslcll, bow, aiiows, and oilci
paiaplcinalia' Tlcicloic in ilc Malablaiaia ii is said:
yo 'nyaila saniam aimanam
anyaila piaiipadyaic
lim icna na liiam papam
cauicnaimapalaiina
"A pcison wlo asciibcs io ilc Supicmc Loid qualiiics ilai ilc Loid docs noi
aciually posscss is a ilicl wlo iobs limscll. Docs lc noi sin wiil lis woids'"
Tlcicloic, bccausc ol boil ilc injunciion ol Smiii-sasiia and ilc cxpciicncc ol
ilc wisc sagcs, onc slould noi asciibc ilc qualiiics ol onc ol Loid's loims io
anoilci ol ilc Loid's loims.

Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc lollowing icply may bc givcn: Tlc qualiiics ol onc ol
Loid's loims may bc asciibcd io anoilci ol ilc Loid's loims only wlcn ilc
qualiiics aic appiopiiaic io ilai paiiiculai loim. Asciibing ilc qualiiics ol onc ol
Loid's loims io anoilci ol ilc Loid's loims is ol iwo linds: 1. ciniana, and 2. dl-
maiia. Tlcy wlo pciloim ilis liisi lind ol mcdiiaiion aic callcd sva-nisila, and
ilcy wlo pciloim ilc sccond lind ol mcdiiaiion aic callcd clani. In ilc ncxi
pada ilicc linds ol wisc dcvoiccs, lcadcd by ilc sva-nisila dcvoiccs, will bc
dcsciibcd. Tlc sva-nisila dcvoiccs lavc cqual lovc loi all ilc Loid's loims. Tlcy
scc all ilc qualiiics ol all ilc Loid's loims picscni cqually in cacl ol ilc Loid's
loims. Tlcy do noi scc anyiling impiopci in asciibing many coniiadicioiy
qualiiics io cacl ol ilc Loid's loims. Tlcy considci ilai ilc Loid by His gicai
poicncy may posscss many muiually coniiadicioiy qualiiics, jusi as a vaiduiya
jcwcl may display many dillcicni colois.
Tlc clani dcvoiccs, wlo aic dividcd inio iwo gioups: paiinisiliia and
niiapclsa, do noi lavc cqual lovc loi all ilc Loid's loims. Tlcy mcdiiaic only on
ilc qualiiics ol onc loim ilc Loid, ilc loim ilcy lavc closcn. Tlcy scc ilc
qualiiics ol ilis loim alonc. Lvcn ilougl ilcy aic wcll awaic ol ilc Loid's oilci
loims, ilcy do noi mcdiiaic oi gazc upon ilcm. On His paii, ilc Loid gcncially
docs noi icvcal His oilci loims io ilcsc dcvoiccs. Tlis will bc icvclcd in anoilci
adlilaiana. As loi ilc passagc quoicd liom ilc Malablaiaia, iis iiuc mcaning is
ilai ii is a icbulc luilcd ai ilc impcisonalisis, wlo claim ilai ilc Supicmc is
consciousncss and noiling clsc. Tlc iiuil ilai ilc Supicmc cciiainly docs lavc
qualiiics, and ilcicloic ilc Loid's qualiiics slould bc sougli oui by ilcy wlo sccl
libciaiion, is dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad (S.1.1-6). Ii is also said, in ilw
Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.+.1):
anandam bialmano vidvan
na biblcii luiascana
"Hc wlo lnows ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lull ol bliss ncvci
lcais anyiling."
Tlis mcans ilai ilcy wlo undcisiand ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc bccomc licc
ol lcai. In ilis way ilc sciipiuics alliim ilai ilc Supicmc cciiainly docs lavc
qualiiics. Tlc impcisonalisis claim ilai ilc Loid's qualiiics aic ciilci lalscly
asciibcd io Him oi clsc aic acccpicd only bccausc ol ilc maiciial iiadiiions ol ilis
woild. Howcvci, bccausc many ol ilcsc qualiiics aic picscni in ilc Loid alonc and
no onc clsc, ii cannoi bc said ilai ilcsc qualiiics aic lalscly asciibcd io ilc Loid,
and bccausc ilc icvclaiion ol sciipiuic docs noi dcsciibc ilcm as sucl, ii also
cannoi bc said ilai ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid aic acccpicd only bccausc ol ilc
maiciial iiadiiions ol ilis woild. Tlcy wlo claim ilai ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid aic
imagincd io laciliiaic woislip ol ilc Loid, as in ilc siaicmcni, "Imagining ilc
goddcss ol spcccl io bc a cow, onc slould woislip lci", aic all lools. Tlcii idca is
dcsiioycd by ilc simplc siaicmcni ol ilc sciipiuics:
saiyam ciyopasia
"Appioacling ilc Supicmc Rcaliiy, onc slould woislip Him."
Lvcn ilc impcisonalisis, in ilcii commcniaiics on suiias 3.3.12 and 3.3.3S,
alliim ilai ilc Supicmc is bliss and ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc individual
souls and ilc Supicmc. In ilis way ilcy acccpi ilc idca ilai ilc qualiiics ol ilc
woislipablc Supicmc aic ical and noi mciaplois. Wlcn ilc sciipiuics say ilai ilc
Supicmc las no qualiiics (niiguna), ilc inicniion is ilai Hc las no maiciial
qualiiics. lccausc ii is clcaily siaicd ilai ilc Loid is noi dillcicni liom His
qualiiics, ilis objcciion ol ilc impcisonalisis slould noi bc ialcn sciiously. Ioi
ilc puiposc ol mcdiiaiion ilc Loid's qualiiics slould bc undcisiood io bc ol iwo
linds: angi-nisila (gcncial qualiiics) and anga-nisila (lcaiuics ol ilc Loid's loim).
Ii is said ilai onc may collcci liom all ilc dillcicni paiis ol ilc Vcdas dcsciipiions
ol ilc Loid's qualiiics.
Adhikarana 1
The Lord ShouId Be Soughf
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): To undcisiand ilc Loid's qualiiics onc
slould scaicl all ilc icxis ol ilc Vcdas.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc lcain aboui ilc Supicmc by siudying ilc biancl
(salla) ol Vcdic icxis in onc's own communiiy, oi slould onc siudy all ilc
bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc all ilc bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas aic
dillcicni, onc slould siudy only onc's own biancl ol ilc Vcdas.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion:
Sufra 1
saiva-vcdania-piaiyayam codanady-aviscsai
saiva-all; vcda-Vcdas; ania-cnd; piaiyayam-mcaning; codana-
injunciions; adi-bcginning wiil; aviscsai-bccausc ol noi bcing dillcicni.
lccausc ilc Vcdic injunciions and all oilci souiccs ol ical lnowlcdgc aic noi
gcnuincly dillcicni, ilcicloic lnowlcdgc ol Him is ilc conclusion ol all ilc Vcdas.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ania" (cnd) lcic mcans conclusion". Tlc woid "ania" is also uscd
in ilis way in llagavad-gia (2.16):
ublayoi api disio 'nial
"Tlis ilcy lavc concludcd by siudying ilc naiuic ol boil."
Tlus lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc linal conclusion
iaugli by all ilc Vcdas. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "bccausc ilc Vcdic
injunciions and all oilci souiccs ol ical lnowlcdgc aic noi gcnuincly dillcicni."
Tlc oilci souiccs ol ical lnowlcdgc" lcic iclcis io logic. In ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (1.+.7) ii is said:
aimciy cvopasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc."
Tlcsc woids, as wcll as ilc piompiings ol logic, conliim ilc iiuil ilai ilcsc
siaicmcnis and many oilcis lilc ilcm in passagcs ol all ilc Vcdas, all dcsciibc ilc
samc Supicmc Loid. Tlc samc Supicmc Loid is dcsciibcd in ilc samc way in ilc
Kanva, Madlyandina, and oilci icccnsions ol ilc Vcdas.
Hcic somconc may objcci: In onc paii ol ilc Vcdas (lilad-aianyala Upanisad
3.9.2S) ii is said:
vijnanam anandam bialma
"Tlc Supicmc is lnowlcdgc and bliss."
Howcvci, in anoilci paii ol ilc Vcdas (Mundala Upanisad 1.1.9) ii is said:
yal saiva-jnal saiva-vii
"Tlc Supicmc lnows cvciyiling."
lccausc in ilis way cacl biancl ol ilc Vcdas spcals dillcicnily ol ilc Supicmc,
ilcy do noi all dcsciibc ilc samc objcci as ilc Supicmc.
Il ilis is said, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 2
blcdad iii ccn nailasyam api
blcdai-bccausc ol dillcicncc; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi; clasyam-in onc;
api-also.
Il ii is said, "bccausc ilcy aic dillcicni," ilcn I icply, "Ii is noi so, loi ii is also
in onc".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii is noi so. Tlai is so bccausc ilcsc dillcicnccs aic sccn cvcn wiilin ilc samc
biancl ol ilc Vcdas. An cxamplc ol ilis is ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad, wlicl givcs ilc
lollowing iwo siaicmcnis.
saiyam jnanam ananiam bialma
"Tlc limiilcss Supicmc is boil lnowlcdgc and iiuil."
anando bialma
"Tlc Supicmc is bliss."
In ilis way ilc many dillcicni bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas dcsciibc ilc samc loim
ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlcy do noi coniiadici cacl oilci ai all.
Sufra 3
svadlyayasya iailaivcna li samacaic 'dlilaiac ca
svadlyayasya-ol Vcdic siudy; iailaivcna-by bcing so; li-indccd;
samacaic-in Vcdic iiiuals; adlilaiai-bccausc ol bcing qualilicd; ca-also.
lccausc ol bcing qualilicd io siudy ilc Vcdas and io pciloim iiiuals.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Taiiiiiya Aianyala (2.15) ii is said:
svadlyayo 'dlyciavyal
"Onc slould siudy ilc Vcdas."
In ilis way onc is oidcicd io siudy all ilc Vcdas. In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
vcdal liisno 'dliganiavyal sa-ialasyo dvijanmana
"A bialmana slould siudy ilc cniiic Vcda, including cvcn iis conlidcniial
poiiions."
Tlc woid "samacaic" in ilis suiia mcans bccausc all aic qualilicd io pciloim
all pious iiiuals". Tlc Smiii-sasiia conliims ilis in ilc lollowing woids:
saiva-vcdolia-maigcna
laima luivia niiyasal
anando li plalam yasmac
clalla-blcdo ly asalii-jal
saiva-laima-liiau yasmad
asalial saiva-janiaval
salla-blcdam laima-blcdam
vyasas iasmad acllpad
"Iollowing ilc pail ol all ilc Vcdas, onc slould icgulaily pciloim pious
iiiuals. lliss is ilc icsuli aiiaincd by ilis. Tlc Vcda was dividcd inio dillcicni
bianclcs bccausc ilc pcoplc wcic noi ablc io pciloim all ilc pious dccds dcsciibcd
in ilc Vcda. Tlai is wly Vyasa dividcd ilc Vcda inio many bianclcs and ilc onc
collcciion ol pious iiiuals inio many collcciions."
Tlcicloic, il a pcison is ablc io do so, lc may undcisiand ilc Supicmc by
pciloiming all ilc spiiiiual piaciiccs dcsciibcd in all ilc bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas. In
ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi givcs an cxamplc ol indiicci icasoning lcading io ilc
samc conclusion.
Sufra +
sava-vac ca ian niyamal
sava-yajnas; vai-lilc; ca-and; iai-ilai; niyamal-iulc.
Tlai iulc is lilc ilc yajnas.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc "savas" lcic aic ilc scvcn yajnas bcginning wiil ilc sauiya-yajna and
cnding wiil ilc saiaudana-yajna wlicl, bccausc ilcy aic pciloimcd wiil only onc
liic, may bc pciloimcd only by ilc lollowcis ol ilc Ailaiva Vcda. Tlc woislip ol
ilc Supicmc Loid, lowcvci, can pciloimcd by ilc lollowcis ol all ilc Vcdas.
Tlc woid "salila-vai" (lilc waici) is an alicinaic icading ol ilc liisi woid in ilis
suiia. Il ilis icading is acccpicd, ilcn ilc suiia mcans, "As all waicis llow, wiiloui
icsiiiciion, inio ilc sca, so all ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc Vcdas dcsciibc, as mucl as
ilcy lavc ilc powci, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad." In ilc Agni Puiana ii
is said:
yaila nadnam salilam
saliya sagaiaiam viajci
cvam saivani valyani
pum-saliya bialma-viiiayc
"As ilc waici ol iivcis, as lai as ii las ilc powci, always cnicis ilc sca, so all
woids, as lai as ilcii spcalci las ilc powci, slould bc cmploycd io undcisiand
ilc Supicmc Loid."
Sufra 5
daisayaii ca
daisayaii-icvcals; ca-also.
Ii also icvcals ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Kaila Upanisad (1.2.15) ii is said:
saivc vcda yai-padam amananii
"All ilc Vcdas dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlis mcans ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is lnown by all ilc Vcdas, oi, in oilci
woids, ilc Vcdas icvcal ilc iiuil ol Loid Haii. Tlc woid "ca" (and) in ilis suiia
linis, "as lai as onc las ilc powci". Tlcy wlo lavc ilc powci may woislip ilc
Supicmc Loid by pciloiming ilc pious iiiuals dcsciibcd in all ilc bianclcs ol ilc
Vcdas. Tlcy wlo do noi lavc ilc powci musi woislip ilc Supicmc Loid by
pciloiming ilc pious iiiuals dcsciibcd in ilcii own communiiy's biancl ol ilc
Vcdas. Tlc conclusion is ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is ilc linal objcci ol lnowlcdgc
sougli by all ilc bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas. Tlis iiuil was also dcsciibcd in ilc vciy
bcginning ol Vcdania-suiia (1.1.+):
iai iu samanvayai
"lui ilai (Loid Visnu is ilc solc iopic ol discussion in ilc Vcdas) is conliimcd
by all sciipiuics."
Tlis iiuil is ilus icpcaicd lcic in ilc discussion ol ilc piopcincss ol siudying
ilc dillcicni qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid. lccausc ilis icpciiiion siicngilcns ilc
aigumcni lcic, ilcic is no lauli in ii.
Adhikarana 2
The Lord's QuaIifies Are Described in Many Scripfures
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias will slow ilai ilc many qualiiics ol ilc Loid may
bc undcisiood by siudying all ilc Vcdas. Ioi cxamplc, in ilc Ailaiva Vcda's
Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.S), ilc Supicmc Loid is dcsciibcd as a cowlcid boy
dail lilc a iamala iicc, dicsscd in ycllow gaimcnis, dccoiaicd wiil a Kausiubla
jcwcl, wcaiing a pcacocl-lcailci, playing giacclul mclodics on a lluic, and
suiioundcd by gopas, gops, and suiabli cows. Tlcic Hc is ilc Dciiy ol Golula. In
ilc Rama-iapan Upanisad, lowcvci, Hc is dcsciibcd as ilc Loid wlosc lcli sidc is
dccoiaicd by Janal-dcv, lolding a bow, ilc lillci ol Ravana and a losi ol
dcmons, and ilc ling ol Ayodlya. In ilc Rama-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
pialiiya saliial syamal
pia-vasa jaia-dlaial
dvi-blujal lundal iaina-
mal dlio dlanui-dlaial
"Dccoiaicd wiil caiiings and a jcwcl nccllacc, His complcxion dail, His
gaimcnis ycllow, and ilc laii on His lcad maiicd, sainily, iwo-aimcd Loid Rama
is accompanicd by Goddcss Siia."
In ilc sciipiuics ilc Loid's loim as Nisimla is dcsciibcd as laving a
liiglicning lacc and lilling His cncmics wiil lcai. Tlc woid "blsana"
(liiglicning), wlicl occuis in Loid Nisimla's maniia, is cxplaincd in ilc
lollowing woids ol ilc Nisimla-iapan Upanisad:
aila lasmad ucyaic blsanam iii. yasmad yasya iupam disiva saivc lolal saivc
dcval saivani bluiani bliya palayanic svayam yaial luiascin na biblcii.
blsasmad vaial pavaic blsodcii suiyal. blsasmad agnis ccndias ca miiyui
dlavaii pancamal.
"Wly is ilc Loid callcd liiglicning' lccausc wlcn all ilc dcmigods, all ilc
woilds, and all living cniiiics scc His loim, ilcy all llcc in lcai. Hc lcais no onc.
Oui ol lcai ol Him ilc wind blows and ilc sun iiscs. Oui ol lcai ol Him liic, ilc
moon, and dcail all llcc."
Tlc Loid's loim as Tiiviliama is dcsciibcd in ilc Rg Vcda (1.15+.1):
visnoi nu lam viyani piavocam
yal paiilivani vimamc iajamsi
yo aslamblayad uiiaiam sadlasilam
vicaliamanas iicdloiugaya
"How can I dcsciibc all ilc gloiics and powcis ol Loid Visnu, wlo cicaicd ilc
lcavcn and caiil, csiablislcd ilc woilds abovc and bclow, and wiil ilicc sicps
passcd ovci all ilc woilds'"
Tlcicloic, lilc ilc yajnas, wlicl aic dillcicni bccausc ilcy aic ollcicd io
dillcicni dcmigods, so ilc mcilod ol woislip io bc ollcicd io ilc dillcicni loims
ol ilc Supicmc Loid aic all dillcicni bccausc ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid's dillcicni
loims aic dillcicni.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould ilc Siuii-sasiia's dcsciipiion ol ilc Loid's qualiiics in
onc lind ol woislip bc addcd in anoilci lind ol woislip, oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Siuii-sasiia's dcsciipiion ol ilc Loid's
qualiiics in onc passagc slould bc lcaid. Onc slould noi mix ilai dcsciipiion
wiil oilci dcsciipiions ol ilc Loid in oilci passagcs.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 6
upasamlaio 'iilablcdad vidli-scsa-vai samanc ca
upasamlaial-combinaiion; aiila-ol mcaning; ablcdai-bccausc ol non-
dillcicncc; vidli-ol duiics; scsa-icmaindci; vai-lilc; samanc-in bcing ilc
samc; ca-also.
In wlai is common ilcic may bc combinaiion, loi ilc mcaning is noi dillcicni.
Tlis is lilc wlai is appiopiiaic loi ilc iulcs and icgulaiions.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (and) is uscd lcic loi limiiaiion. Wlcn ilc mcilod ol woislip
is ilc samc, wlcn ilc puic Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc objcci ol
woislip, and wlcn ilc Loid's loim is ilc samc, ilcn ilc qualiiics dcsciibcd in
dillcicni placcs may bc combincd iogcilci. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "loi
ilc mcaning is noi dillcicni." Tlis mcans bccausc ilc woislipablc qualiiics ol ilc
Supicmc Loid aic in all icspccis noi dillcicni, ilai is bccausc ilcy aic onc, oi
laimonious. Hcic ilc suiia givcs an cxamplc: "Tlis is lilc wlai is appiopiiaic loi
ilc iulcs and icgulaiions." Dcsciipiions ol ilc iulcs loi pciloiming a yajna may bc
collccicd liom dillcicni passagcs bccausc ilc iiiual ol a yajna is cvciywlcic ilc
samc. In ilc Ailaiva Vcda's Rama-iapana Upanisad ii is said:
yo vai si-iamacandial sa blagavan yc maisya-luimady-avaiaia blui bluval svas
iasmai namo namal.
"llul lluval Sval. Obcisanccs io Si Ramacandia, ilc Supicmc Loid wlo
dcsccnds in a losi ol incainaiions, sucl as Loid Maisya and Loid Kuima."
In ilis passagc ilc loims ol Loid Maisya and oilci incainaiions aic biougli
inio a mcdiiaiion on Loid Ramacandia.
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
clo 'pi san baludla yo 'vablaii
"Alilougl Hc is onc, Hc appcais in many loims."
In ilis passagc ilc loims ol Loid Ramacandia and oilci incainaiions aic
biougli inio a mcdiiaiion on Loid Kisna.

In Simad-llagavaiam ii is said ol Loid Kisna:
namas ic iaglu-vaiyaya
iavananialaiaya ca
"Obcisanccs io You, ilc bcsi ol ilc Raglus and ilc lillci ol Ravana."
Many oilci passagcs may bc quoicd io slow mcdiiaiions wlcic dcsciipiions ol
dillcicni loims ol ilc Loid aic biougli iogcilci.
Hcic somconc may objcci: In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.7) ii is said:
aimciy cvopasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc."
Tlcicloic onc slould woislip ilc Loid alonc and noi biing oilci loims inio
onc's mcilod ol woislip.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 7
anyailaivam sabdad iii ccn naviscsai
anyailaivam-oilciwisc; sabdai-bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia; iii-ilus; cci-il;
na-noi; aviscsai-bccausc ol ilc lacl ol somciling spccilic.
Il somconc says, "Ii is oilciwisc bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia", ilcn I icply, "Ii is
noi so, loi ilcic is noiling spccilic".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Il somconc claims ilai lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.7) icluics ilc idca ol ilus
biinging iogcilci ilc Loid's qualiiics, ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Wly noi' Tlc
suiia cxplains: "loi ilcic is noiling spccilic". Tlis mcans ilai no sciipiuial
passagc dcclaics, "ilc Loid's qualiiics slould noi bc woislipcd iogcilci." Tlc
woid "cva" (indccd) in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.7) mcans ilai onc slould
noi woislip wlai is noi ilc Supicmc Loid. Ii docs noi mcan ilai ilc Loid's
qualiiics can noi bc woislipcd iogcilci. Il ii is said, "Tlc ling alonc is sccn", ilai
docs noi mcan ilai ilc ling's ioyal paiasol and oilci ioyal paiaplcinalia wcic
abscni. Ii is said:
iasmad yaila-salii-gunas ciniyal
"Tlcicloic, as lai as onc is ablc, onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Loid's vaiious
iiansccndcnial qualiiics."
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai onc may biing iogcilci ilc vaiious qualiiics ol ilc
Loid.
As a vaiduiya jcwcl manilcsis many dillcicni colois, so ilc Supicmc Loid
manilcsis many dillcicni loims. Lacl ol ilcsc loims is ilc samc pcilcci, complcic,
and puic Supicmc Loid. In somc loims ilc Loid displays all His qualiiics, and
oilci loims ilc Loid docs noi display all His qualiiics. Tlcicloic a wisc dcvoicc
may mcdiiaic on all ilc Loid qualiiics, as dcsciibcd in ilc sciipiuics, as bcing
picscni in ilc paiiiculai loim ol ilc Loid ilai is closcn loi woislip.
Adhikarana 3
The Ekanf Devofees Do Nof Medifafe On AII fhe Lord's QuaIifies
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl ilcy aic lcaincd in ilc many bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas, siill ilc clani
dcvoiccs mcdiiaic only ilc Loid's qualiiics as icvcalcd in ilcii own Upanisads,
wlicl ilcy lavc caiclully siudicd. Lvcn ilougl ilcy aic awaic ol oilci qualiiics,
ilcy do noi mcdiiaic on ilcm. In ilis way ilcic is an cxccpiion io wlai was
picviously dcsciibcd.
Visaya (ilc subjcci maiici): Tlc subjcci maiici lcic is a passagc ol Gopala-
iapan Upanisad.
Samsaya (doubi): In ilc woislip pciloimcd by ilc clani dcvoiccs, slould all
ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid bc biougli iogcilci oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Loid's qualiiics aic io bc
piaiscd, ilc clani dcvoiccs slould mcdiiaic in ilis way, il ilcy aic ablc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 8
na va pialaiana-blcdai paiovaiyasivadi-vai
na-noi; va-oi; pialaiana-ol dcvoiion; blcdai-bccausc ol dillcicnccs;
paiovaiyasiva-gicaici ilan ilc gicaicsi; adi-bcginning wiil; vai-lilc.
Cciiainly noi. lccausc ol ilc dillcicnccs in dcvoiion. Lilc ilc Paiovaiya and
oilcis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "va" (oi) is uscd in ilc scnsc ol cciiainly". Tlc clani dcvoiccs do
noi biing ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid's oilci loims inio ilc spccilic loim ilcy lavc
sclccicd io woislip. In ilis way ilc clani dcvoiccs wlo aic cxclusivcly dcvoicd io
Loid Kisna do noi ilinl ol Loid Nisimla's manc, iccil, lcaisomcncss, and oilci
qualiiics as picscni in Loid Kisna. In ilc samc way ilc clani dcvoiccs wlo aic
cxclusivcly dcvoicd io Loid Nisimla do noi ilinl ol Loid Kisna's lluic, siicl,
pcacocl-lcailci, and oilci qualiiics as picscni in Loid Nisimla. Wly is ilai' Tlc
suiia cxplains: pialaiana-blcdai" (bccausc ol ilc dillcicnccs in dcvoiion). Tlc
woid "pialaiana" lcic mcans "ilc mosi cxalicd (pia) aciiviiy (laiana)."
Tlcicloic ilc woid pialaiana" lcic iclcis io dcvoiional scivicc. Tlc woid
blcdai" lcic mcans "bccausc ol ilc dillcicnccs".
lccausc ii is moic inicnsc and dccp, ilc dcvoiion ol ilc clani dcvoiccs is moic
cxalicd ilan ilc dcvoiion ol ilc svanisila dcvoiccs. Hcic ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias
givcs and cxamplc. Hc says: "Lilc ilc Paiovaiya and oilcis." Tlis mcans ilai ilc
clani dcvoiccs wlo aic cxclusivcly dcvoicd io ilc Loid's loim as ilc Hiianya
Puiusa in ilc sun planci do noi asciibc io ilcii objcci ol woislip ilc qualiiics ol
ilc Loid's loim as Paiovaiya, a loim woislipcd by ilc woislipcis ol Udgila. Tlc
woid Paiovaiya mcans "gicaici ilan ilc gicaicsi". Tlc cxamplc lcic is ol ilc
woislipcis ol Ugila in iclaiion io Paiovaiya.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc clanis and svanisilas aic boil
callcd dcvoiccs ol ilc Loid and ilcicloic ilcy musi boil mcdiiaic on all ilc Loid's
qualiiics jusi as ilcy wlo call ilcmsclvcs bialmanas musi all mcdiiaic on ilc
Gayaii-maniia'
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 9
samjnaias cci iad uliam asii iu iad api
samjnaial-by ilc namc; cci-il; iai-ilai; uliam-spolcn; asii-is; iu-bui;
iai-ilai; api-also.
Il ii is bccausc ol ilc namc, ilcn I icply, "lui ii was alicady said. Tlai also."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is cmploycd lcic io dispcl doubi. Il ii is said ilai all wlo
woislip ilc Supicmc musi mcdiiaic on all His qualiiics, ilcn ilc answci was
alicady givcn in ilc picvious suiia. Tlc answci is, "Cciiainly noi. lccausc ol ilc
dillcicnccs in dcvoiion." Alilougl ilcy aic cciiainly includcd in ilc gcncial
caicgoiy ol ilc Loid's dcvoiccs, ilc clanis aic ilc bcsi ol ilc dcvoiccs, and
ilcicloic ilcy do noi mcdiiaic on all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid. Il ii wcic oilciwisc
ilcn ilcy would noi bc ilc bcsi ol ilc dcvoiccs. lccausc ilc clani dcvoiccs aic
passionaicly dcvoicd io onc paiiiculai loim ol ilc Loid, ilcy aic supciioi io ilc
svanisila dcvoiccs wlo aic in a gcncial way dcvoicd io all ilc loims ol ilc Loid.
Also, cvcn ilc svanisila dcvoiccs aic noi ablc io mcdiiaic on cvciy singlc onc ol
ilc Loid's qualiiics. In ilc Rg Vcda (1.15+.1) ii is said:
visnoi nu lam viyani piavocam
"How can I dcsciibc all ilc gloiics and powcis ol Loid Visnu'"
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
naniam gunanam agunasya jagmui
yogcsvaia yc blava-padma-mullyal
"Lvcn lialma, Siva, ilc dcmigods, and ilc masicis ol yoga could noi lind ilc
cnd ol ilc iiansccndcnial qualiiics ol ilc Loid, wlo is bcyond ilc ioucl ol ilc
modcs ol maiici."
Tlc suiia cxplains, "asii" (ii is ilai), wlicl lcic mcans, "ilc idca ilai all
dcvoiccs aic cxacily alilc bccausc ilcy all bcai ilc namc dcvoicc' is ilc logical
lallacy callcd lcioi anvaya-vyablicaia'." As ilc woislipcis ol ilc Paiovaiya loim
ol ilc Loid and ilc woislipcis ol ilc Hiianmaya loim ol ilc Loid lavc dillcicni
conccpiions ol ilc Loid, cvcn ilougl boil aic considcicd woislipcis ol ilc
Udgila, in ilc samc way ilc svanisila and clani dcvoiccs also lavc dillcicni
conccpiions ol ilc Loid, ilc svanisila dcvoiccs mcdiiaiing on all ilc Loid's
qualiiics and ilc clani dcvoiccs mcdiiaiing only on ilc qualiiics ol ilc paiiiculai
loim ol ilc Loid ilcy lavc closcn io woislip. Tlai is ilc conclusion ol ilcsc iwo
adlilaianas.
Adhikarana +
The Lord's ChiIdhood and Youfh
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi bcgins a discussion ol biinging iogcilci in mcdiiaiion ilc
Loid's qualiiics in His clildlood and oilci agcs. In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii
is said:
lisnaya dcval-nandanaya om iai sai. blui bluval svas iasmai vai namo namal.
"Om Tai Sai. llui lluval Sval. Obcisanccs io Loid Kisna, ilc son ol Dcval."
Tlc auiloi ol Nama-laumud dclincs ilc namc Kisna in ilc lollowing way:
lisna-sabdas iu iamala-nla-ivisi yasoda-sianandlayc iudlil
"Tlc woid Kisna mcans: Yasoda's inlani son, wlo is dail lilc a iamala iicc."
In ilc Rama-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
om cin-mayc 'smin mala-visnau
jaic dasaiailc laiau
iaglol lulc 'llilam iaii
iajaic yo mal-siliial
"Om. loin as Dasaiaila's son in King Raglu's dynasiy, ilc spiiiiual Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is lnown as Mala-Visnu and Haii, was splcndidly
manilcsicd on ilc caiil. Hc dcliglicd cvciyonc."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid in His
clildlood and oilci agcs. Many similai dcsciipiions aic also lound in ilc Smiii-
sasiia.
Samsaya (Doubi): Slould onc mcdiiaic on ilcsc dcsciipiions ol ilc Loid in His
clildlood and oilci agcs, oi slould onc noi mcdiiaic on ilcm'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Onc slould noi mcdiiaic on ilc loim ol ilc
Loid in His dillcicni agcs, loi ilcn ilc Loid's loim would bc somciimcs laigc and
somciimcs small. Tlis would coniiadici ilc Siuii-sasiia's advicc ilai in onc's
mcdiiaiion ilc lcaiuics ol ilc Loid slould bc laimonious.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 10
vyapics ca samanjasam
vyapicl-bccasuc ol bcing all-pcivading; ca-also; samanjasam-piopci.
Ii is piopci bccausc Hc is all-pcivading and loi oilci icasons also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii is piopci io mcdiiaic on ilc Loid in His clildlood and oilci agcs bccausc
ilc Loid is all-pcivading and bccausc ilc Loid is noi limiicd io His lcaiuics in His
dillcicni agcs. In suiia 3.2.3S ilc Loid's all-pcivasivcncss was conliimcd. Tlc
Loid's so-callcd "biiil" is noi in icaliiy a clangc ol condiiion loi Him. In ilc
Puiusa-sulia piayci ii is said:
ajayamano baludla vijayaic
"Alilougl Hc is ncvci boin, ilc Loid ialcs biiil again and again in many
dillcicni loims."
Tlcicloic ilc woid "biiil" lcic mcans ilc appcaiancc ol ilc Supicmc Loid,
wlo ncvci ically ialcs biiil." Tlc woid "ca" (also) in ilis suiia mcans, also
bccausc Hc is ilc icscivoii ol iiansccndcnial mcllows." Tlis is conliimcd in ilc
Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.7.1):
iaso vai sal
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc icscivoii ol iiansccndcnial
mcllows."
ly His inconccivablc poicncy, ilc Supicmc Loid appcais in a paiiiculai loim
appiopiiaic io ilc mcllows and pasiimcs His dcvoiccs dcsiic. Tlis is pcilccily
piopci. Tlc Loid las numbcilcss dcvoiccs, bcginning wiil ilc libciaicd souls.
Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc Rg Vcda (1.22.20):
iad visnol paiamam padam
sada pasyanii suiayal
"Tlc wisc and lcaincd dcvoiccs always scc ilc supicmc abodc ol Loid Visnu."
Tlc Supicmc Loid, wlo is always onc, simuliancously appcais in His dillcicni
agcs bcloic His dillcicni dcvoiccs. Somciling similai is sccn in lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (5.2.1-3), wlcic ilc syllablc "da" was inicipicicd in ilicc ways by ilc
dcmigods, luman bcings, and dcmons. In ilis way, bccausc ilc Supicmc Loid is
all-pcivading and bccausc ilc Loid always icmains onc, onc slould cciiainly
mcdiiaic on ilc Loid's pasiimcs ol clildlood and oilci agcs.
Adhikarana 5
The Lord's Acfivifies Are EfernaI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Supicmc Loid is by naiuic
cicinal, ii may bc said ilai His aciiviiics pciloimcd wiil His associaics in His
clildlood and oilci agcs aic also cicinal. In ilis way His many dillcicni aciiviiics,
liom bcginning io cnd, may all bc considcicd io bc cicinal. Howcvci, ii is illogical
io say ilai ilcic can bc an cicinal picvious aciion ilai is lollowcd by anoilci
aciion. Il ilc picvious aciion is lollowcd by a subscqucni aciion, ilcn ilc
cicinaliiy ol ilc picvious aciion is dcsiioycd. Il onc aciion is cicinal ilcn any
subscqucni aciion musi bc pciloimcd by a dillcicni pcison. To say ilai ilc
subscqucni aciion is pciloimcd by ilc samc pcison coniiadicis boil sciipiuic and
diicci cxpciicncc. Lvciy aciion las a bcginning and an cnd. Wiiloui bcginning
and cnd no aciion can bc biougli io complciion, and wiiloui sucl bcginnings and
cnds ilcic can bc no cxpciicncc ol ilc ncciai ol iiansccndcnial mcllows (iasa).
Ioi ilcsc icasons, low can ii bc possiblc ilai ilc Loid's aciiviiics aic cicinal' Il
ilc Loid's aciiviiics wcic cicinal ilcy would bc siill and unclanging, lilc a painicd
piciuic. Il ii is said ilai ilc samc aciions aic icpcaicd again and again and in ilai
way ilcy aic cicinal, ilcn I say ilai ilcic aic bound io bc iimcs wlcn ilc
bcginning ol ilc aciion is dillcicni, and ilus ilc subscqucni aciions will bccomc
clangcd, and ilc aciion would ilcn noi bc icpcaicd in ilc samc way as bcloic.
Tlcicloic, low can ii bc ilai ilc aciiviiics ol ilc Loid aic cicinal' Tlcicloic ii
slould noi bc acccpicd ilai ilc aciiviiics ol ilc Loid aic cicinal.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His icply io ilis idca.
Sufra 11
saivablcdad anyaiicmc
saiva-all; ablcdai-bccausc ol non-dillcicncc; anyaiia-in anoilci placc;
imc-ilcy.
lccausc ol complcic non-dillcicncc ilcy aic in anoilci placc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
loil Loid Haii and His associaics aic ilc samc pcisons in boil picvious and
subscqucni aciions. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "saivablcdad" (bccausc ol
complcic non-dillcicncc). Tlis mcans ilai bccausc ilcic is no dillcicncc in Tlcii
pcisonaliiics, ilc samc Loid Haii and ilc samc associaics picscni in ilc picvious
aciions aic also picscni in ilc subscqucni aciions. Tlai Loid Haii icmains onc
cvcn ilougl Hc cxpands inio many loims is conliimcd in ilc Gopala-iapan
Upanisad in ilcsc woids:
clo 'pi san baludla yo 'vablaii
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Loid appcais in many loims."
Also, in ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
clancla-svaiupaya
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Loid appcais in many loims."
Tlis is also iiuc ol ilc Loid's libciaicd associaics, wlo icmain onc cvcn ilougl
ilcy appcai in many loims. In ilc lluma-vidya (Clandogya Upanisad 7.26.2) ilis
is said ol ilc libciaicd souls. In ilc Smiii-sasiia ilis is also said in ilc dcsciipiion
ol ilc Loid's maiiiagc wiil many piinccsscs and in oilci pasiimcs also. In ilis
way ilc Loid and ilc libciaicd souls can, iciaining Tlcii idcniiiics, cxpand
ilcmsclvcs io bc picscni cicinally in dillcicni placcs in iimc. Tlc scnicncc "Ii was
iwicc-coolcd" is undcisiood by an iniclligcni pcison io mcan ilai onc iling was
coolcd iwicc, noi ilai iwo scpaiaic loods wcic scpaiaicly coolcd. In ilc samc way
ilc scnicncc, "Hc callcd oui ilc woid cow' iwicc," mcans ilai onc cow was
addicsscd iwicc, noi ilai iwo cows wcic addicsscd. In ilis way Loid Haii, His
cicinal associaics, and His iiansccndcnial abodcs all iciain ilcii idcniiiics cvcn
ilougl ilcy aic manilcsicd in many dillcicni placcs and pciloim aciiviiics ilai aic
all cicinal cvcn ilougl ilcii aciiviiics lavc a bcginning and an cnd. In ilis way ii
is said ilai a wondcilul vaiiciy ol iiansccndcnial mcllows aic manilcsicd by ilis
scqucncc ol cicinal cvcnis. Ii is noi ilai ilcsc idcas do noi lavc ilcii iooi in ilc
dcsciipiions ol sciipiuic. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.S.3) ii is said:
yad bluiam blavac ca blavisyac ca
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cxisis in ilc pasi, picscni, and luiuic."
In ilc Ailaiva Vcda ii is said:
clo dcvo niiya-llanuialial
"Tlc onc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is cicinally cngagcd in many, many
iiansccndcnial loims in iclaiionslips wiil His unalloycd dcvoiccs."
Tlc Supicmc Loid Himscll alliims (llagavad-gia +.9):
janma laima ca mc divyam
"Onc wlo lnows ilc iiansccndcnial naiuic ol My appcaiancc and aciiviiics
docs noi, upon lcaving ilc body, ialc lis biiil again in ilis maiciial woild, bui
aiiains My cicinal abodc, O Aijuna."
Only a pcison wlo las aiiaincd ilc Supicmc Loid's mcicy can undcisiand and
acccpi all ol ilis, as ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll dcclaics (Simad-llagavaiam
2.9.32):
yavan alam yaila-blavo
yad-iupa-guna-laimalal
iailaiva iaiiva-vijnanam
asiu ic mad-anugialai
"All ol Mc, namcly My aciual cicinal loim and My iiansccndcnial cxisicncc,
coloi, qualiiics, and aciiviiics, lci all bc awalcncd wiilin you by laciual icalizaiion,
oui ol My causclcss mcicy."
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc Loid's aciiviiics aic cicinal. Howcvci, only ilc
aciions ilai ilc Loid pciloims wiil ilc lclp ol His spiiiiual poicncy aic cicinal,
and ilc aciions ilai ilc Loid pciloims wiil ilc lclp ol His maiciial poicncics and
maiciial iimc aic noi cicinal, loi il ilc Loid's cicaiion ol ilc maiciial univciscs
wcic cicinal ilcn ilc cvcniual dissoluiion ol ilc univciscs could noi occui.
Adhikarana 6
Medifafion on fhe Lord's QuaIifies
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias discuscs ilc lollowing poini. In ilc Vcdania
sciipiuics ilc Loid's blisslulncss and oilci iiansccndcnial qualiiics aic all
dcsciibcd.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid bc combincd iogcilci in
ilc dcvoiccs' mcdiiaiion, oi slould ilcy noi bc combincd in ilai way'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc qualiiics ol ilc Loid slould noi bc
combincd in mcdiiaiion, loi ilcic is noi cvidcncc io say ilai ilis slould bc donc.
lccausc ii is noi said in sciipiuic ilai all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid slould bc
combincd in mcdiiaiion, ilcicloic ilcy slould noi bc so combincd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 12
anandadayal piadlanasya
ananda-bliss; adayal-bcginning wiil; piadlanasya-ol ilc Supicmc.
Ol ilc Supicmc ilosc qualiiics ilai bcgin wiil bliss.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc iiansccndcnial qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, sucl as
His bliss and lnowlcdgc, and His paicinal allcciion loi ilcy wlo ialc slclici ol
Him, aic all dcsciibcd in ilc Siuii-sasiia. Tlcsc qualiiics slould all bc combincd in
ilc dcvoiccs' mcdiiaiion, loi all iogcilci ilcy incicasc ilc dcvoiccs' iliisi io aiiain
ilc Loid.
Adhikarana 7
The Supreme Lord Is FuII of BIiss
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said ilai ilc blisslul
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las a lcad and oilci limbs ilai aic composcd ol
iiansccndcnial plcasuic. In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.5.1) ii is said:
iasya piiyam cva siial
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is lilc a biid wlosc lcad is composcd ol
iiansccndcnial plcasuic."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid io bc icmcmbcicd in
cvciy mcdiiaiion, oi aic ilcy noi io bc icmcmbcicd in cvciy mcdiiaiion'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii las alicady bccn cxplaincd ilai ilc Loid's
bliss and oilci qualiiics slould bc biougli iogcilci wlcn ilcic is mcdiiaiion on
ilc Loid. lccausc ilc Loid's plcasuic, as dcsciibcd lcic in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad,
is noi ically dillcicni liom ilc Loid's bliss mcniioncd bcloic, ilcicloic ii slould bc
includcd in all mcdiiaiions on ilc Loid.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 13
piiya-siiasivady-apiapiii upacayapacayau li blcdc
piiya-plcasuic; siial-ilc lcad; iva-ilc siaic ol bcing; adi-bcginning wiil;
apiapiil-non-aiiainmcni; upacaya-incicasc; apacayau-and dccicasc; li-
indccd; blcdc-in ilc dillcicncc.
Tlcic is noi aiiainmcni ol ilc qualiiics ilai bcgin wiil His lcad consisiing ol
plcasuic. In ilc dillcicncc ilcic is incicasc and dccicasc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc iiuil ilai ilc Loid's lcad is composcd ol plcasuic, as wcll as oilci
qualiiics ol ilc Loid, aic noi io bc cmploycd in cvciy mcdiiaiion wiiloui
cxccpiion. Loid Visnu, wlo is lull ol iiansccndcnial bliss, las ilc slapc ol a
luman bcing, noi ilc slapc ol a biid (as dcsciibcd in ilis passagc ol Taiiiiiya
Upanisad).
Iuiilcimoic, ilc biid dcsciibcd in ilis passagc ol Taiiiiiya Upanisad is
composcd ol lappincss and joy ilai incicasc and dccicasc. Tlus ilcic is a
dillcicncc. Tlc Loid is noi lilc ilai. His lappincss ncvci incicasc oi dccicascs.
Tlus ilc qualiiics dcsciibcd in ilis passagc ol Taiiiiiya Upanisad slould noi bc
includcd in cvciy mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid.
Sufra 1+
iiaic iv aiila-samanyai
iiaic-oilcis; iu-bui; aiila-ol icsuli; samanyai-bccausc ol cqualiiy.
lui oilcis bccausc ol ilc samcncss ol ilc icsuli.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Howcvci oilci passagcs ol Taiiiiiya Upanisad, sucl as 2.5.1 (iasmad va
ciasmai. . . Tlc Supcisoul is lull ol bliss. Iiom Him ilis woild las comc.), 2.6.2
(so 'lamayaia. . . Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsiicd: I slall bccomc
many. I slall lailci many clildicn.), and 2.S.1 (blsasmai. . . Oui ol lcai ol ilc
Supicmc Loid ilc wind blows and ilc sun iiscs.), wlicl appcai boil bcloic and
alici Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.5.1, and wlicl dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad's all-pcivasivcncss, spiiiiual bliss, cicaiion ol ilc maiciial univciscs,
supicmc powci and opulcncc, and many oilci ol ilc blisslul Supicmc Loid's
iiansccndcnial qualiiics, may bc includcd in ilc dcvoiccs' mcdiiaiions. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "aiila-samanyai" (bccausc ol ilc samcncss ol ilc icsuli).
Mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid's qualiiics, sucl as His supicmc powci, His opulcnccs,
His liicndlincss io all, His bcing ilc slclici ol all, and His gianiing libciaiion,
qualiiics dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdania sciipiuics, biings libciaiion as iis icsuli.
Tlcicloic onc slould mcdiiaic on ilcsc qualiiics ol ilc Loid.
Hcic somconc may asl: Wly is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsciibcd
as a biid in Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.5.1' In ilc Kaila Upanisad ii is said:
aimanam iailinam viddli
"Know ilai ilc soul is ilc claiioi diivci."
In ilis way ilc soul is dcsciibcd as ilc claiioi diivci and ilc maiciial body is
dcsciibcd as ilc claiioi. Tlc puiposc ol ilis liiilc paiablc in ilc Kaila Upanisad is
io icacl ilai ilc dcvoiccs slould diligcnily coniiol ilcii scnscs. Howcvci, in ilis
paiablc ol ilc biid in Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.5.1 no puiposc is anywlcic io bc sccn.
Wlai is ilc puiposc ilcn' Tlc Vcdas do noi spcal paiablcs wiiloui a puiposc
bclind ilcm.
Icaiing ilai somconc may spcal ilcsc woids, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias ncxi
piocccds io cxplain ilc mcaning ol ilis paiablc ol ilc biid.
Sufra 15
adlyanaya piayojanablavai
adlyanaya-loi mcdiiaiion; piayojana-oilci puiposc; ablavai-bccausc ol
ilc abscncc.
lccausc ol ilc abscncc ol anoilci puiposc, ii is loi mcdiiaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis suiia mcans, "Tlis paiablc is mcani loi mcdiiaiion. Tlis is so bccausc ol
ilc abscncc ol anoilci puiposc." Tlc woid "adlyana" lcic mcans mcdiiaiion".
Tlis is ilc mcaning. In Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1.2) ii is said:
bialma-vid apnoii paiam
"Onc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc aiiains ilc Supicmc."
Tlc Supicmc is manilcsicd in iwo ways: 1. in His oiiginal loim, and 2. in ilc
loims ol His pasiimc incainaiions. In His oiiginal loim ilc Loid las ilc namcs
Naiayana, Vasudcva, Sanlaisana, Piadyumna, and Aniiuddla.
Tlcy wlosc iniclligcncc is liimly ancloicd in ilc woild ol maiici lind ii vciy
dilliculi io mcdiiaic on ilc Loid, wlo is spiiiiual, blisslul, and all-pcivading.
Tlcicloic, in oidci ilai ilc condiiioncd souls may moic casily undcisiand ilc
Loid, ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad dcsciibcs ilc blisslul Loid in ilis paiablc ol "a biid
wlosc lcad is plcasuic". In ilis way ilc condiiioncd souls aiiain clcvaicd spiiiiual
iniclligcncc and aic ablc io mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc diiccily.
Mcdiiaiion on ilc annamaya-puiusa lcaiuic ol ilc Loid is givcn in Taiiiiiya
Upanisad 2.1.2. Mcdiiaiions on ilc pianamaya, manomaya, and vijnanamaya-
puiusas aic givcn in Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.2.1, and mcdiiaiion on ilc
Ananadamaya-puiusa lcaiuic ol ilc Loid is givcn in Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.5.1.
Tlcsc livc aspccis ol ilc Supicmc nccd noi always bccn includcd in cvciy
mcdiiaiion on ilc Supicmc.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc Supicmc is onc. Tlcic is no basis loi youi
siaicmcni ilai ilc Supicmc is livc.
To ilis objcciion ilc answci is givcn: In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
clo 'pi san baludla viblaii
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Loid appcais in many loims."
In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
clam saniam baludla disyamanam
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is sccn io bc many."
In ilc Caiui-vcda-silla ii is said:
sa siial sa dalsinal palsal sa uiiaia-palsal sa aima sa pucclal
"Hc is ilc lcad. Hc is ilc iigli wing. Hc is ilc lcli wing. Hc is ilc Scll. Hc is
ilc iail."
In ilc lilai-samliia ii is said:
siio naiayanal palso
dalsinal savya cva ca
piadyumnas caniiuddlas ca
san dclo vasudcvalal
naiayano 'ila san dclo
vasudcval siio 'pi va
pucclam sanlaisanal piolia
cla cva ca pancadla
angangiivcna blagavan
lidaic puiusoiiamal
aisvaiyan na viiodlas ca
ciniyas iasmin janaidanc
aiailyc li luias iailas
iv apiamayc luial piama
"Naiayana is ilc lcad. Piadyumna and Aniiuddla aic ilc iigli and lcli wings.
Vasudcva is ilc ioiso. Oi, Naiayana is ilc ioiso, and Vasudcva is ilc lcad.
Sanlaisana is ilc iail. In ilis way ilc onc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
manilcsicd in livc ways. In ilis way ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cnjoys
pasiimcs as boil ilc limbs and ilc posscssoi ol ilc limbs. Tlc Loid's powci and
opulcncc lavc no limii. Hc is inconccivablc. How can mcic logic giasp Him' Hc is
immcasuiablc. How can Hc bc mcasuicd'"
Sufra 16
aima-sabdac ca
aima-aima; sabdai-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia; ca-also.
Also bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia cmploys ilc woid aima".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.5.1 ilc biid is dcsciibcd as aima" (ilc Supicmc). Ioi
ilis icason ilc biid lcic cannoi bc an oidinaiy biid wiil wings, a iail, and oilci
lilc lcaiuics. Tlc biid lcic is a paiablc.
Sufra 17
aima-giliii iiaia-vad uiiaiai
aima-aima; giliil-undcisianding; iiaia-oilcis; vai-lilc; uiiaiai-liom
ilc lollowing.
"Aima" lcic mcans "consciousncss". lccausc ol ilc lollowing ii is lilc ilc
oilcis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.2.3) ii is said:
anyo 'niaia aima va pianamayal
"Tlc aima wiilin is ilc pianamaya."
Tlc woid "aima" is uscd io mcan dull maiici and ii is also uscd io mcan ilc
individual spiiii souls. In Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.5.1) ii is said:
anyo 'niaia aimanandamayal
"Tlc aima wiilin is ilc Anandamaya."
Sincc ilc woid "aima" is ilus uscd loi ilcsc dillcicni puiusas, low can ii bc
said ilai ilc woid aima" mcans ilc all-pcivading, all-lnowing Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
To ilis I icply: Tlc woid "aima" lcic mcans ilc all-pcivading, all-lnowing
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad." Tlis is so bccausc ilis woid is uscd in ilai way
in many oilci passagcs ol sciipiuic. Ioi cxamplc, in ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
aima va idam cla cvagia asi
"In ilc bcginning only ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad (aima) cxisicd."
Wly docs ilc woid "aima' lcic iclci io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Tlc suiia cxplains: "uiiaiai" (bccausc ol ilc lollowing). Tlis dcsciipiion ol ilc
biid is lollowcd by ilcsc woids (Taiiiiiya Upanisad 2.6.2):
so 'lamayaia balu syam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad dcsiicd: I slall bccomc many."
Tlus ilis passagc, wlicl lollows ilc paiablc ol ilc biid, piovcs ilai
anandamaya biid in ilai passagc is cciiainly ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
In ilis way ii cannoi bc ilai ilc biid in ilai paiablc is noi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. Tlcicloic ilc puiposc ol ilai paiablc is io assisi ilc mcdiiaiion on
ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlis musi bc so, loi ilai is ilc appiopiiaic cxplanaiion.
Sufra 18
anvayad iii cci syad avadlaianai
anvayai-bccausc ol ilc connoiaiion; iii-ilus; cci-il; syai-may bc;
avadlaianai-bccausc ol ilc undcisianding.
Il ii is said, "Tlis inlcicncc cannoi bc madc," ilcn I icply, "Ii is iigli, loi ilai is
ilc undcisianding lcic".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi possiblc io concludc, mcicly on ilc siicngil
ol ilc lollowing passagcs, ilai ilc woid "aima" lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Alici all, in ilc picvious passagcs ilc woid aima"
iclciicd io inanimaic maiici as wcll as ilc individual spiiii souls.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc suiia icplics: "syai" (Ii is iigli.) Tlis mcans: Ii is iigli
ilai ilc woid aima" lcic iclcis io ilc all-pcivading, all-lnowing Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: avadlaianai" (loi ilai is
ilc undcisianding lcic). In ilc picvious passagcs ilc woid "aima" clcaily iclciicd
io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcic ii was said (Taiiiiiya Upanisad
2.5.1):
iasmad va ciasmad aimanal
"Tlc Supcisoul is lull ol bliss. Iiom Him ilis woild las comc."
To inicipici ilc woid "aima" in any oilci way would do violcncc io ilc
mcdiiaiion dcsciibcd in ilis passagc aboui ilc Anandamaya-puiusa. In ilis
passagc, passing ovci ilc pianamaya-puiusa and ilc oilci puiusas, onc comcs io
icsi ai ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc Anandamaya-puiusa, wlo is cciiainly ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. As onc may poini io ilc siai Aiundlai by liisi poiniing
io oilci siais as iclcicncc poinis, so ilc dcsciipiion ol ilcsc oilci aimas is mcani
io lcad ilc icadci io ilc Anandamaya-puiusa, wlo is ilc Supicmc. Tlus ilc
passagcs ilai picccdc and lollow ilc paiablc ol ilc biid clcaily slow ilai ilc aima
lcic is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlus ii is piovcd wiiloui doubi.
Adhikarana 8
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Is fhe Fafher
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias bcgins lis dcsciipiion ol oilci qualiiics ol ilc ilc
Supicmc Loid, sucl as ilc Loid's bcing ilc lailci ol all.
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
maia piia bliaia nivasal saianam sulid gaiii naiayanal
"Loid Naiayana is oui moilci, lailci, bioilci, lomc, slclici, liicnd, and goal."
In ilc Jiiania-sioiia, Clapici Onc, ii is said:
piia maia sulid bandlui
bliaia puiias ivam cva mc
vidya dlanam ca lamas ca
nanyai lincii ivaya vina
"O Supicmc Loid, You aic my lailci, moilci, liicnd, linsman, bioilci, son,
lnowlcdgc, wcalil, and dcsiic. I lavc noiling clsc bui You."
In ilc Jiiania-sioiia, in ilc middlc and cnd, ii is said:
janma-piabliii daso 'smi
sisyo 'smi ianayo 'smi ic
ivam ca svam guiui maia
piia ca mama madlava
"O Loid Madlava, liom ilc iimc ol my biiil I lavc bccn Youi scivani, disciplc,
and son. You aic my masici, guiu, moilci, and lailci."
Samsaya (doubi): Slould ilc dcvoiccs mcdiiaic on ilc Loid as ilcii lailci, son,
liicnd, and masici, oi slould ilcy noi mcdiiaic in ilai way'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Siuii-sasiia cxplains:
aimciy cvopasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc Loid."
Tlai is low onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Loid. Onc slould noi mcdiiaic on Him
as onc's lailci oi in ilcsc oilci ways.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 19
laiyallyanad apuivam
laiya-icsuli; allyanai-bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni; a-lilc; puivam-wlai was
bcloic.
lccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc icsuli ii is lilc ilc loimci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "puiva" mcans "ilc picvious qualiiics, sucl as bcing lull ol
bliss". Tlc woid apuiva" mcans "ilc qualiiics, sucl as bcing ilc lailci, ilai aic
lilc ilcsc picvious qualiiics". Tlc dcvoiccs slould mcdiiaic on ilcsc qualiiics.
Wly' Tlc suiia cxplains: "laiyallyanad" (lccausc ol ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc
icsuli). Tlc icsuli lcic is ilc icsuli aiiaincd by woisliping ilc Loid wiil lovc.
Tlis is cxplaincd in Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (5.1+):
blava-gialyam andallyam
"Tlc spiiiiual Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aiiaincd only by lovc."
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll dcclaics (Simad-llagavaiam
3.25.3S):
ycsam alam piiya aima suias ca
salla guiul sulido daivam isiam
"lccausc ilc dcvoiccs acccpi Mc as ilcii liicnd, ilcii iclaiivc, ilcii son,
picccpioi, bcnclacioi, and Supicmc Dciiy, ilcy cannoi bc dcpiivcd ol ilcii
posscssions ai any iimc."
Tlcicloic, as ilc dcvoiccs mcdiiaic on ilc Loid as lull ol iiansccndcnial bliss,
so ilcy slould also mcdiiaic on Him as ilcii lailci oi oilci iclaiivc. Tlc idca ilai
ilc Siuii-sasiia's dcclaiaiion "aimciy cvopasia" (Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc
Loid) mcans ilai onc slould noi ilinl ol ilc Loid as onc's lailci las alicady bccn
icluicd in ilis bool.
Adhikarana 9
One ShouId Medifafe on fhe TranscendenfaI Form of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of
Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Now bcgins a discussion ol ilc iiuil ilai
onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc as laving a loim. In ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (1.+.7) ii is said:
aimciy cvopasia"
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc Loid."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.15) ii is also said:
aimanam cva lolam upasia
"Lvciyonc slould woislip ilc Supicmc Loid."
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.S-10) ii is said:
iad u lovaca laiianyo gopa-vcsam abliablam iaiunam lalpa-diumasiiiam. iad ila
slola blavanii. sai-pundaila. . .
"lialma said: Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is a cowlcid boy. His
complcxion is lilc a monsoon cloud. Hc siays undci a dcsiic iicc. Tlc lollowing
vciscs dcsciibc Him: His cycs aic lilc loius llowcis. . . "
Alici ilus dcsciibing ilc loim ol ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc Gopala-iapan
Upanisad (1.10) concludcs:
ciniayams cciasa lisnam
mulio blavaii samsiicl.
"Mcdiiaiing on Loid Kisna in ilis way, a pcison bccomcs licc liom ilc cyclc ol
icpcaicd biiil and dcail."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs onc aiiain libciaiion by woisliping ilc Loid in His
loimlcss lcaiuic oi by woisliping ilc Loid in His lcaiuic wiil a loim'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Onc slould woislip ilc Loid in His
loimlcss lcaiuic. Only in ilai way will onc aiiain libciaiion. Only by mcdiiaiing on
ilc Loid wiil undividcd aiicniion docs onc aiiain libciaiion. lccausc in ilc loim
ol ilc Loid ilcic aic cycs and many oilci dillcicni limbs and lcaiuics ol ilc Loid
ii is noi possiblc io givc undividcd aiicniion io any ol ilcm, and ilcicloic ii is noi
possiblc io aiiain libciaiion by mcdiiaiing on ilc loim ol ilc Loid.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 20
samana cvam cablcdai
samanal-cqual scniimcni; cvam-ilus; ca-alilougl; ablcdai-bccausc ol
noi bcing dillcicni.
Alilougl ii is noi dividcd in ilai way, bccausc ol non-dillcicncc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" lcic mcans "alilougl". Alilougl ilc Loid's cycs and oilci
bodily lcaiuics and limbs aic all dillcicni, siill ilcy lcavc ilc samc impicssion on
ilc mind. Tlc lcaiuics ol ilc Loid aic lilc goldcn siaiucs, wlicl alilougl picscni
in a gicai vaiiciy ol loims, siill, bccausc ilcy aic all madc ol gold, lcavc ilc samc
impicssion on ilc mind. Wly is ilai' ilc suiia cxplains: "ablcdai" (bccausc ol
non-dillcicncc). Tlis mcans, "bccausc ilc Loid's cycs and oilci lcaiuics and limbs
aic noi dillcicni liom His soul oi scll". Ioi ilis icason, by woisliping ilc loim ol
ilc Supicmc Loid onc aiiains libciaiion. Il ilis wcic noi so ilcn ilc dcsciipiion in
Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.10), ciniayams cciasa lisnam mulio blavaii
samsiicl" (Mcdiiaiing on ilc loim ol Loid Kisna in ilis way, a pcison bccomcs
licc liom ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail.) would noi bc iiuc. In ilc Smiii-
sasiia ii is said:
saiya-jnanananiananda-maiiaila-iasa-muiiayal
"Tlc loims ol ilc Supicmc Loid aic undividcd. Tlcy aic all lull ol ciciniiy,
lnowlcdgc, inliniiy, and bliss."
In ilis way ii is said ilai alilougl ilc Loid's loims picscni a vciy wondcilul
vaiiciy, siill Tlcy aic all onc in csscncc. Alilougl ilis iiuil was also dcsciibcd in
suiia 3.2.1+, ilc mcicilul icaclci ol Vcdania icpcais ilc samc icacling so ilis vciy
dilliculi iopic may bc clcaily undcisiood.
In ilis scciion ilc iiuil ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on all ilc qualiiics ol ilc
dillcicni loims ol ilc Loid las bccn cxplaincd. Now will bc considcicd ilc naiuic
ol ilc qualiiics ilc Loid manilcsis in His avcsa incainaiions, wlcic Hc givcs
spccial powcis io cciiain individual souls. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.1.1 and
3) ii is said:
adlli blagavan iii lopasasada sanai-lumaiam naiadas iam lovaca. . . iam mam
blagavan solasya paiam iaiayaiu.
"Naiada appioaclcd Sanai-lumaia and said, O masici, plcasc icacl mc. . . O
masici, plcasc ialc mc acioss ilis occan ol giicl'."
Sanai-lumaia and somc oilci individual spiiii souls aic saliy-avcsa-avaiaias ol
ilc Loid. Tlis mcans ilai ilc Loid las cmpowcicd ilcm wiil lnowlcdgc oi
cciiain oilci viiiucs. Tlai is wly Sanai-lumaia is lcic addicsscd as "blagavan"
(masici).
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc mcdiiaic on ilcsc gicai dcvoiccs as laving all ilc
iiansccndcnial qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid oi slould onc noi mcdiiaic on ilcm
in ilai way'
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias lcic considcis ilis qucsiion. Iiisi Hc givcs ilc posiiivc
vicw.
Sufra 21
sambandlad cvam anyaiiapi
sambandlai-bccausc ol ilc ioucl; cvam-ilus; anyaiia-in oilcis; api-also.
lccausc ol His ioucl ii is lilc ilis in oilcis also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
All ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid aic picscni in ilc loui Kumaias and ilc oilci
saliy-avcsa-avaiaias. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "sambandlai" (bccausc ol
His ioucl). As liic iiansloims an iion iod, so ilc ioucl ol ilc Supicmc Loid
iiansloims ilcsc gicai dcvoiccs.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc ncgaiivc vicw.
Sufra 22
na vaviscsai
na-noi; va-oi; aviscsai-bccausc ol non-dillcicncc.
Oi noi, bccausc ol non-dillcicncc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Onc slould noi mcdiiaic on all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid bcing picscni
in ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaias. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains: "aviscsai" (bccausc ol
non-dillcicncc). Tlis mcans ilai cvcn ilougl ilc Loid las givcn ilcm spccial
powcis, ilcy icmain individual spiiii souls. Tlcy aic noi lundamcnially dillcicni
liom oilci individual spiiii souls. Tlc woid "va" (oi) lcic linis ilai bccausc ilcy
aic vciy dcai io ilc Loid, ilcsc souls slould bc iicaicd wiil gicai icspcci.
Sufra 23
daisayaii ca
daisayaii-icvcals; ca-and.
Ii also icvcals ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis iiuil is icvcalcd in ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.1.3), loi Naiada Muni,
wlo is lcic sccling ilc iiuil, is limscll a saliy-avcsa-avaiaia. In ilis way ii is
clcai ilai all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid aic noi picscni in ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaias.
Sufra 2+
sambliii-dyu-vyapiy api caial
sambliii-mainicnancc; dyu-in ilc sly; vyapii-spicading; api-also; ca-
and; aial-ilus.
Tlcicloic mainicnancc and bcing picscni cvciywlcic in ilc sly also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis suiia ilc woids "sambliii" and dyu-vyapii" aic biougli iogcilci in a
samalaia-samasa. Tlcsc iwo qualiiics slould noi bc aiiiibuicd io ilc saliy-avcsa-
avaiaias. Tlc icason las bccn givcn in ilc picvious suiia. Tlc icason is ilc saliy-
avcsa-avaiaias aic individual spiiii souls (jvas). In ilc Lnayanya icccnsion ol ilc
Vcdas ii is said (Taiiiiiya lialmana 2.+.7.10):
bialma jycsila viya sambliiani bialmagic jycsilam divam aiaiana. bialma
bluianam piailamam iu jajnc. icnailaii bialmana spaidliium lal.
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad posscsscs all powcis. Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is picscni cvciywlcic in ilc gicai sly. Tlc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc liisi ol pcisons. Wlo can iival ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'"
In ilcsc woids ilc gloiics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bcginning
wiil His mainicnancc ol all and His bcing picscni cvciywlcic in ilc gicai sly, aic
dcsciibcd. Tlcsc qualiiics cannoi bc asciibcd io ilc individual spiiii souls, loi ilcy
aic qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs anoilci icason wly ilcsc qualiiics cannoi bc
asciibcd io ilc individual spiiii souls.
Sufra 25
puiusa-vidyayam iva cciaicsam anamnanai
puiusa-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; vidyayam-in ilc lnowlcdgc
(ilc Puiusa-sulia piaycis); iva-lilc; ca-also; iiaicsam-ol oilcis; anamnanai-
bccausc ol noi bcing mcniioncd.
Ii is iaugli ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad in ilc Puiusa-sulia piaycis,
and ii is noi mcniioncd ol oilcis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc dcsciipiions ol ilc loui Kumaias and oilci saliy-avcsa-avaiaias ilcic is
no dcsciipiion ol ilcii bcing ilc cicaioi and coniiollci ol all oi ol laving oilci
qualiiics ilai bclong io ilc Supicmc Loid alonc. Ioi ilis icason all ilc qualiiics ol
ilc Supicmc Loid slould noi bc asciibcd io ilcm. Giving an cxamplc ol ilc
dillcicncc bciwccn ilc individual souls and ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc suiia cxplains:
"puiusa-vidyayam" (Ii is iaugli ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad in ilc
Puiusa-sulia piaycis). Tlc woid "ca" (and) lcic linis, "and in ilc Gopala-iapan
Upanisad and oilci sciipiuics also". Tlcsc qualiiics ol ilc Loid aic mcniioncd in
ilc dcsciipiions ol ilc Loid in ilcsc placcs bui ilcy aic noi mcniioncd in ilc
dcsciipiions ol Kumaias and oilci saliy-avcsa-avaiaias.
Tlc saliy-avcsa-avaiaias may bc compaicd io iion iods lcaicd by a liic. As iion
iods lcaicd by a liic lavc iwo naiuics, so ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaias may lavc iwo
naiuics also. Onc naiuic is lilc ilc lcai gcnciaicd by ilc liic. Tlai naiuic is ilc
spccilic qualiiics wiil wlicl ilc Loid las cmpowcicd ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaia.
Tlcy wlo mcdiiaic on ilcsc qualiiics in ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaia may ilus mcdiiaic
on all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlc oilci naiuic is lilc ilc iion iod iiscll.
Tlai is ilc naiuic ol ilc individual spiiii soul wlo is cmpowcicd io bc a saliy-
avcsa-avaiaia. Tlcy wlo mcdiiaic on lis qualiiics may noi asciibc io lim all ilc
qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc. Howcvci, ilcy may mcdiiaic on ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaia's
posscssing ilc qualiiics ol a gicai dcvoicc, sucl as lis bcing vciy dcai io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
lccausc Hc dcaily lovcs ilcm, ilc Loid acccpis ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaia dcvoiccs
as His pcisonal associaics. Tlai is wly in ilc Simad-llagavaiam and oilci
sciipiuics ilcsc gicai dcvoiccs aic icspccilully addicsscd as "blagavan" (loid).
Howcvci, bccausc ilcy aic individual spiiii souls, ilc saliy-avcsa-avaiaias aic all
lumblc and lowly in compaiison io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll.
Tlis is ilc piopci undcisianding ol ilcii naiuic.
Adhikarana 10
The Ferocify of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii las bccn said ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc, cspccially by
ilinling ol ilc Loid's qualiiics as dcsciibcd in onc's own biancl ol ilc Vcdas.
Howcvci, ii is said ilai ilcy wlo dcsiic libciaiion slould noi mcdiiaic on cciiain
ol ilc Loid's qualiiics. In ilc Ailaiva Vcda (S.3.+ and 17) ii is said:
agnc ivam yaiudlanasya blindi
"O liciy Loid, plcasc cui Yaiudlana inio picccs!"
and
iam piaiyancam aicisa bidlya maima
"O Loid, wiil Youi llamcs plcasc bical opcn Yaiudlana's lcaii!"
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc mcdiiaic on ilc Loid as onc wlo cuis oilcis io
picccs, oi slould onc noi mcdiiaic on Him in ilis way'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Loid bccomcs violcni only io
siop ilc dcmons, ilcicloic ii is piopci io mcdiiaic on ilc Loid in ilis way.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 26
vcdlady aiila-blcdai
vcdla-cuiiing inio picccs; adi-bcginning wiil; aiila-ol icsuli; blcdai-
bccausc ol dillcicncc.
(Noi) cuiiing inio picccs and oilci violcni acis bccausc ol a dillcicni icsuli.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "na" (noi) slould bc undcisiood in ilis suiia. Onc slould noi
mcdiiaic on ilc Loid as ilc punislci wlo cuis oilcis inio picccs and pciloims
oilci violcni acis. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains: "aila-blcdai" (bccausc ol a
dillcicni icsuli). Tlc woid "aiila" lcic mcans icsuli". Tlc sainily dcvoiccs
icnouncc violcncc and oilci ncgaiivc qualiiics. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic. Tlc Loid
Himscll dcclaics (llagavad-gia S.S):
amaniivam adambiivam
alimsa lsaniii aijavam
"Humiliiy, piidclcssncss, nonviolcncc, iolciancc, and simpliciiy, . . . all ilcsc I
dcclaic io bc lnowlcdgc."
Also, in Simad-llagavaiam ilc Loid says:
niviiiam laima scvcia
piaviiiam mai-paias iyajci
"My dcvoicc slould icnouncc maiciialism and culiivaic icnunciaiion."
Adhikarana 11
Medifafion on fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (1.11) ii is
said:
jnaiva dcvam saiva-pasapalanil
lsnal llcsaii janma-miiyu-pialanil
iasyablidlyanai iiiyam dcla-blcdc
visvaisvaiyam lcvala apia-lamal
"ly undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, a pcison bccomcs licc
liom all maiciial bondagc, lis sullciings pciisl, and lc cscapcs ilc cyclc ol
icpcaicd biiil and dcail. ly mcdiiaiing on ilc Supicmc Loid, wlcn onc is linally
scpaiaicd liom ilc maiciial body lc cnicis ilc opulcni spiiiiual woild and aiiains
a spiiiiual body wlcic all lis dcsiics aic lullillcd."
Tlis vcisc mcans ilai by undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad a
pcison cuis ilc iopcs ol lalsc posscssivcncss ilai malc lim ilinl ilai lis body,
lousc, and oilci ilings aic all lis piopciiy. Hcic ilc sciipiuic gloiilics lnowlcdgc
ol ilc Loid, saying ilai lnowlcdgc dcsiioys ilc sullciings ol icpcaicd biiil and
dcail. ly undcisianding ilc Loid and always mcdiiaiing on Him, a pcison
bccomcs licc ol boil gioss and subilc maiciial bodics, iiavcls bcyond Candialola
and lialmalola, and cnicis ilc iliid icalm, ilc icalm ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. Wlai is ilai icalm ol ilc Loid lilc' Tlc sciipiuic cxplains: ii is
"visvaisvaiya" (lull ol spiiiiual opulcnccs), ii is "lcvala" (uniouclcd by maiici),
and ii is "apia-lama" (all dcsiics aic lullillcd ilcic). Hcic ii is clcaily said ilai ilis
abodc is aiiaincd by undcisianding ilc iiuil ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, iiuil iaugli in ilc icvcalcd sciipiuics.
Samsaya (doubi): Is mcdiiaiion mandaioiy oi opiional'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Mcdiiaiion is mandaioiy, loi ii incicascs
laiil and ilus lixcs ilc mind on ilc Loid.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 27
lanau iupayana-sabda-scsaivai lusacclanda-siuiy-upaganavai iad uliam
lanau-in dcsiiuciion; iu-indccd; upayana-appioacling; sabda-siaicmcni;
scsaivai-bccausc ol bcing a supplcmcni; lusa-lusa giass; acclanda-accoiding
io dcsiic; siuii-piayci; upagana-song; vai-lilc; iai-ilai; uliam-said.
lui in libciaiion bccausc ol appioacling, bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia, and
bccausc ol ilc mcans io ilc cnd ii is lilc voluniaiy lusa giass, piaycis and lymns.
Tlis is said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc opponcni's
aigumcni. Wlcn, by undcisianding ilc iiuil ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, a pcison bccomcs licc liom ilc iopcs ol maiici, sucl a wisc dcvoicc lalls
in lovc wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilai condiiion lc
sponiancously mcdiiaics on ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid as ilcy aic dcsciibcd in ilc
icvcalcd sciipiuics. Hc docs ilis as a pcison voluniaiily ialcs lusa giass, icciics
piaycis, and sings lymns. As a siudcni, wlcn lis daily siudics aic complcicd, may
ol lis own accoid ialc lusa giass in lis land and ilcn icciic piaycis and sing
lymns, so ilc libciaicd souls ol ilcii own accoid mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlis is linicd by ilc usc ol ilc woid "ablidlyana". Tlc icason loi ilis is givcn
in ilc woid "upayana" (lc las appioaclcd ilc Supicmc Loid). Tlc woid
"upayana" mcans ilai lc lovcs ilc Loid and lc las appioaclcd ilc Loid. Tlc
woid "sabda" mcans "woids ol insiiuciion". Tlc woid "scsaivai" mcans "bccausc
all ilcsc woids aic ilc mcans io aiiain a spccilic cnd". Tlis is dcsciibcd in lilad-
aianyala Upanisad (+.+.21):
iam cva dlial. . . .
"A wisc man, awaic ol ilc Loid's iiuc naiuic, slould cngagc lis iniclligcncc in
ilc Loid's scivicc. Hc slould noi mcdiiaic on oilci ilings. Hc slould noi wasic
many woids spcaling ol oilci ilings."
In Simad-llagavaiam (3.9.+1) ilc Loid Himscll says:
puiicna iapasa yajnaii
danaii yogail samadlina
bialmam nilsicyasam pumsam
mai-piiis iaiivavin-maiam
"Ii is ilc opinion ol cxpcii iiansccndcnialisis ilai ilc uliimaic goal ol
pciloiming all iiadiiional good woils, pcnanccs, saciiliccs, claiiiics, mysiic
aciiviiics, iianccs, cic., is io involc My saiislaciion."
Ioi ilis icason ilc libciaicd souls ol ilcii own accoid mcdiiaic on ilc Loid.
Tlai is ilc mcaning. Ii is vciy dilliculi io undcisiand ilc iiuil by siudying ilc
dilliculi Vcdas and lollowing ilc dilliculi pail ol logic, loi ilcic aic many
bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas and many complicaicd aigumcnis in logic. Onc wlosc lcaii
is solicncd wiil lovc loi ilc blisslul Supicmc Loid is noi aiiiacicd io lollow ilc
pail ol ilc Vcdas oi ilc pail ol logic, loi ilcsc pails only malc ilc lcaii laidci
and laidci. Tlcic aic iimcs, lowcvci, wlcic ilcsc iwo pails can bc cmploycd io
incicasc onc's lovc and dcvoiion io ilc Loid.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc icason and cvidcncc
loi all ol ilis.
Sufra 28
sampaiayc iaiiavyablavai iaila ly anyc
sampaiayc-in lovc loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; iaiiavya-ol
bondagc; ablavai-bccausc ol ilc non-cxisicncc; iaila-so; li-indccd; anyc-
oilcis.
Wlcn ilcic is lovc loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bccausc ol ilc
abscncc ol bondagc. So ilc oilcis indccd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "sampaiaya" lcic mcans "ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad"
bccausc all iiuils mcci in Him. "Sampaiaya" is ilcicloic said io mcan "lovc loi ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad". Tlis woid is loimcd by adding ilc allix "an"
(Panini's Asiadlyay +.+.21). Ioi onc wlo lovcs ilc Loid mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid
is sponiancous and noi oidcicd by iulcs. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
iaiiavyablavai" (bccausc ol ilc abscncc ol bondagc). Tlis mcans, "bccausc ilcic
is noiling io cioss bcyond" oi bccausc ilcic aic no iopcs ol bondagc ilai musi bc
scvcicd". Tlc Vajasancys (lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.21) cxplain:
iam cva dlio vijnaya piajnam luivia bialmanal. nanudlyaycd balun sabdan
vaco viglapanam li iai.
"A wisc man, awaic ol ilc Loid's iiuc naiuic, slould cngagc lis iniclligcncc in
ilc Loid's scivicc. Hc slould noi mcdiiaic on oilci ilings. Hc slould noi wasic
many woids spcaling ol oilci ilings."
Tlc Loid Himscll cxplains (Simad-llagavaiam 11.20.31):
iasmad mad-blalii-yuliasya
yogino vai mad-aimanal
na jnanam na ca vaiiagyam
piayal sicyo blavcd ila
"Ioi onc wlo is lully cngagcd in My dcvoiional scivicc, wlosc mind is lixcd on
mc in blalii-yoga, ilc pail ol spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc and diy icnunciaiion is noi
vciy bcnclicial."
Adhikarana 12
The Way fo Affain Liberafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlus ii las bccn cxplaincd ilai onc slould woislip and mcdiiaic on ilc Loid
as a pcison wlo posscsscs qualiiics. Now will bc dcsciibcd iwo dillcicni ways io
woislip ilc Loid. In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
iad u lovaca laiianyo gopa-vcsam abliablam. . .
"lialma said: Tlc Supicmc Loid appcais lilc a cowlcid boy, and His
complcxion is lilc a monsoon cloud."
In ilc Rama-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
pialiiya saliial syamal. . .
"Dccoiaicd wiil caiiings and a jcwcl nccllacc, His complcxion dail, His
gaimcnis ycllow, and ilc laii on His lcad maiicd, sainily, iwo-aimcd Loid Rama
is accompanicd by Goddcss Siia."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) ii is said:
sa va ayam aima saivasya vas saivasycsanl.
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc masici and coniiollci ol all."
ly mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid's swccincss onc aiiains ilc Loid. Tlis mcilod is
callcd iuci-blalii (ilc pail ol sponiancous lovc). ly mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid's
gloiy and opulcncc onc also aiiains ilc Loid. Tlis mcilod is callcd vidli-blalii
(ilc pail ol lollowing iulcs and icgulaiions).
Samsaya (doubi): Ol ilcsc iwo linds ol mcdiiaiion wlicl is ilc bcsi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc icsuli ol boil ilcsc linds ol
mcdiiaiion is uncciiain, onc slould noi dcsiic io pciloim ciilci ol ilcm.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 29
clandaia ublayaviiodlai
clandaial-by ilc will; ublaya-ol boil; aviiodlai-bccausc ilcic is no
coniiadiciion.
ly His will (ii is noi so), loi in ilcsc iwo ilcic is no coniiadiciion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As a liog jumps liom lai away, so ilc woid "na" (noi) slould bc biougli io
ilis suiia liom suiia 22. Tlc woid "clandaial" lcic mcans, "by ilc Supicmc
Loid's will ilc way ol dcvoiion is dividcd inio iwo pails". How is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "ublayaviiodlai" (loi in ilcsc iwo ilcic is no coniiadiciion). Tlis
mcans ilai ilc dcsciipiions ol ilcsc iwo pails do noi cxcludc cacl oilci. Tlis is
ilc mcaning. Tlc bcginninglcss and cicinally pcilcci way ol dcvoiion llows lilc a
lcavcnly Gangcs iivci liom ilc Loid's pcisonal associaics io ilc ncwcsi bcginncis
in dcvoiional scivicc. Loid Haii wislcs ilai all ilc spiiii souls in ilc maiciial
univciscs associaic wiil His dcvoiccs and voluniaiily lollow ilc pail ol dcvoiion
io Him. ly lollowing ilai pail ilcy can aiiain Him. To aiiain ilis cnd onc slould
sccl ilc mcicy ol a lind madlyama-adlilai dcvoicc. Tlc madlyama-adlilai
dcvoicc is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids:
svaic iad-adlncsu
baliscsu dvisaisu ca
picma-maiii-lipapclsa
yal laioii sa madlyamal
"A pcison wlo lovcs ilc Supicmc Loid, bcliicnds ilc dcvoiccs, is mcicilul io
ilc pcoplc in gcncial, and ignoics ilc dcmons, is a madlyama-adlilai dcvoicc ol
ilc Loid."
In ilis way ii is clcaily slown ilai Loid Haii is noi ciucl, unlaii, oi unlind.
Sufra 30
gaici aiilavaiivam ublayailanyaila li viiodlal
gaicl-ol ilc goal; aiilavaiivam-aiiainmcni; ublayaila-on boil; anyaila-
oilciwisc; li-indccd; viiodlal-coniiadiciion.
In boil ways ilc goal is aiiaincd, loi oilciwisc ilcic would cciiainly bc a
coniiadiciion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
loil pails lcad io ilc goal. ly ilc pail ol mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid's swccincss
and also by ilc pail ol mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid's gloiy and opulcncc, onc may
aiiain ilc goal. Tlc woid aiila" lcic mcans "ilc goal ol lilc". Tlc aiiainmcni ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc liglcsi goal ol lilc. Tlai is ilc
mcaning. To say ilis is noi so is io coniiadici ilc sciipiuial icxis ilai dcsciibc
ilcsc iwo pails. Tlc woid li" (cciiainly) in ilis suiia is cvidcncc ilai boil pails
aic cqual. Onc cannoi quoic suiia 3.3.6 io say ilai ilc mcilods ol ilcsc iwo pails
slould bc combincd. Tlcsc iwo pails aic lilc ilc pail ol ilc clani dcvoiccs, wlo
do noi wisl io scc in ilc Loid qualiiics oilci ilan ilosc manilcsicd by ilc Loid's
loim ilcy lavc closcn io woislip. Tlis will bc dcsciibcd in suiia 3.3.56.
Adhikarana 13
The Pafh of Sponfaneous Love
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Hcic ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias piovcs ilai
iuci-blalii (ilc pail ol sponiancous lovc) is ilc bcsi.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlo is bcsi: onc wlo lollows ilc pail ol sponiancous lovc
(iuci-blalii) oi onc wlo lollows ilc pail ol lollowing iulcs and icgulaiions
(vidli-blalii)'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc lc caiclully lollows all ilc iulcs,
onc on ilc pail ol vidli-blalii is ilc bcsi.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 31
upapannas ial-lalsanaiilopalabdlci lolavai
upapannal-bcsi; iai-ol ilai; lalsana-claiaciciisiic; aiila-ol ilc goal;
upalabdlcl-bccausc ol aiiainmcni; lola-in ilc woild; vai-lilc.
Ii is bcsi, bccausc ol aiiainmcni ol ilc goal ilai is Hc wlo las ilai naiuic, as in
ilc woild.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
A pcison wlo woislips Loid Haii by lollowing ilc pail ol iuci-blalii is ilc
bcsi, oi is ilc onc wlo las aiiaincd ilc goal ol lilc. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "ial-lalsanaiilopalabdlcl" (loi ii biings ilc goal ilai is Hc wlo las ilai
naiuic). Tlc pliasc "Hc wlo las ilai naiuic" lcic mcans, "Hc wlo lovcs His
dcvoiccs". Tlis iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlcn Hc manilcsis
His qualiiy ol swccincss. Hcic ilc woid "upalabdlcl" mcans bccausc ol
indcpcndcnily aiiaining".
Tlcn ilc auiloi claiilics ilis by giving an cxamplc: lolavai" (as in ilc woild).
Tlc Loid is lilc a gicai ling wlo limscll comcs undci ilc coniiol ol an cxpcii
and dcvoicd scivani. Tlis naiuic ol ilc Loid docs noi in any way diminisl His
supicmc indcpcndcncc. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Loid's bcing coniiollcd by ilc lovc
ol His dcvoiccs is aciually a gicai viiiuc on His paii. Tlis is ilc mcaning.
Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aiiiacicd by ilc lovc ol His dcvoiccs,
and Hc icvcals His own swccincss io ilc dcvoiccs ilai lovc Him. Sccing His
swccincss, ilc dcvoiccs lovc Him all ilc moic, and ilcy icspond by ollciing
ilcmsclvcs io ilc Loid. Tlc Loid acccpis ilis ollciing, and by doing ilai, Hc sclls
Himscll io His dcvoiccs in cxclangc loi ilcii lovc.
In ilis way ilc Loid malcs His dcvoiccs vciy cxalicd and impoiiani so ilcy can
diiccily associaic wiil ilc Loid. Wiiloui ilis ii would noi bc possiblc loi ilc
dcvoiccs io scc ilc Loid and associaic wiil Him. Siman Suladcva Gosvam
cxplains (Simad-llagavaiam 10.9.21):
nayam sullapo blagavan
dclinam gopila-suial
jnaninam caima-bluianam
yaila blaliimaiam ila
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Kisna, ilc son ol moilci Yasoda, is
accssiblc io dcvoiccs cngagcd in sponiancous loving scivicc, bui Hc is noi as casily
accssiblc io mcnial spcculaiois, io ilosc siiiving loi scll-icalizaiion by scvcic
ausiciiiics and pcnanccs, oi io ilosc wlo considci ilc body ilc samc as ilc scll."
Alilougl ilc Loid is coniiollcd by all His dcvoiccs, Hc cspccially placcs
Himscll undci ilc coniiol ol ilc dcvoiccs lillcd wiil sponiancous lovc loi Him.
Tlcicloic ilc pail ol sponiancous lovc (iuci-blalii) is ilc bcsi ol all pails and
ilc dcvoiccs wlo lollow ilis pail aic ilc bcsi ol all dcvoiccs.
Adhikarana 1+
The Mefhods of DevofionaI Service
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias slows ilai
ilcic aic iwo linds ol dcvoiional scivicc, onc lind laving a singlc paii, and
anoilci lind laving many paiis. In ilc liisi clapici ol ilc Ailaiva Vcda's Gopala-
iapan Upanisad ilc cigliccn-syllablc maniia is dcsciibcd. Tlcic ii is said (1.6):
yo dlyayaii iasayaii blajaii so 'miio blavaii
"Onc wlo mcdiiaics on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, gloiilics Him,
and woislips Him, bccomcs libciaicd."
Samsaya (doubi): Can onc aiiain libciaiion by pciloiming only onc ol ilcsc
ilicc, oi musi onc pciloim ilcm all'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Upanisad namcs all ilicc ol ilcm, and,
alici naming ilcm, says ilai ilcn onc bccomcs libciaicd. Tlcicloic onc musi
pciloim all ilicc in oidci io bccomc libciaicd.
Siddlania (conclusion): in ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 32
aniyamal saivcsam aviiodlac clabdanumanablyam
aniyamal-wiiloui a iulc; saivcsam-ol all; aviiodlai-bccausc ilcic is no
coniiadiciion; sabda-Siuii-sasiia; anumanablyam-and Smiii-sasiia.
Tlcic is no iulc loi ilcm all, loi ilcic is no coniiadiciion wiil ilc Siuii-sasiia
and Smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
No iulc dcclaics ilai mcdiiaiion, gloiilicaiion, and woislip musi all bc
pciloimcd in oidci io aiiain libciaiion. Any onc ol ilcm is sullicicni loi libciaiion.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia dcclaics: "sabdanumanablyam". Tlis mcans loi ilcic is
no coniiadiciion wiil ilc Siuii-sasiia and Smiii-sasiia". Laici in ilc Gopala-iapan
Upanisad (1.10) ii is said:
ciniayams cciasa lisnam
mulio blavaii samsiicl
"ly mcdiiaiing on Loid Kisna a pcison bccomcs libciaicd liom ilc cyclc ol
icpcaicd biiil and dcail."
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.12) ii is also said
panca-padam pancangam japan dyavablum suiyacandiamasau sagn
"ly claniing ilcsc livc namcs onc aiiains ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
wlosc poicncics aic manilcsicd as ilc lcavcnly plancis, ilc caiil, ilc sun, ilc
moon, and liic."
In Simad-llagavaiam (12.3.51) ii is said:
liianad cva lisnasya
mulia-sangal paiam viajci
"Simply by claniing ilc Haic Kisna mala-maniia onc can bccomc licc liom
maiciial bondagc and bc piomoicd io ilc iiansccndcnial lingdom."
Ii is also said:
clo 'pi lisnaya liial piamano
dasasvamcdlavabliilaii na iulyal
dasasvamcdl punai cii janma
lisna-piaman na punai-blavaya
"Tcn asvamcdlavabliilas aic noi cqual io oncc bowing down bcloic Loid
Kisna. Onc wlo pciloims icn asvamcdlas again ialcs biiil. Onc wlo bows bcloic
Loid Kisna ncvci ialcs biiil again."
Tlcsc passagcs do noi in any way opposc ilc siaicmcni ol Gopala-iapan
Upanisad 1.6. Il ilis wcic so ilcn cacl sciipiuial siaicmcni alliiming ilai
libciaiion is aiiaincd by pciloiming a cciiain lind ol dcvoiional scivicc would
lavc io bc icjccicd. Tlcicloic ilc siaicmcni ol Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.6), "Hc
bccomcs libciaicd" musi bc considcicd io bc connccicd individually io cacl ol ilc
siaicmcnis, "Hc wlo mcdiiaics on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad," "Hc wlo
gloiilics ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad", and Hc wlo woislips ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad".
Tlc mcaning lcic is, "Il cvcn only onc ol ilc many linds aciiviiics ol
dcvoiional scivicc biings libciaiion, ilcn low mucl moic cllcciivcly will ilc
pciloimancc ol many linds ol aciiviiics in dcvoiional scivicc biing onc io
libciaiion'" Tlis is a lini poiniing io ilc ninc aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc,
bcginning wiil lcaiing and claniing aboui ilc Loid.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc Siuii-sasiias icacl ilai libciaiion
is aiiaincd by mcdiiaiion alonc' In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.5.6 and 2.+.5)
ii is said:
aima va aic diasiavyal
"In a iiancc ol mcdiiaiion onc slould gazc on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
Tlcicloic low can ii bc said ilai libciaiion is aiiaincd by oilci mcilods, sucl
as claniing ilc gloiics ol ilc Loid'
To ilis I icply: Claniing ilc gloiics ol ilc Loid and ilc oilci aciiviiics ol
dcvoiional scivicc aic wovcn iogcilci wiil mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid. Tlcy aic noi
scpaiaic. Tlcicloic wlcn onc clanis ilc Loid's gloiics oi pciloims oilci aciiviiics
ol dcvoiional scivicc, mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid is also picscni, and wlcn onc
mcdiiaics on ilc Loid, claniing ilc Loid's gloiics and ilc oilci aciiviiics ol
dcvoiional scivicc aic also picscni.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi coiicci io say ilai onc can aiiain libciaiion
simply by undcisianding ilc iiuil aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Alilougl ilcy aic pcilcci in lnowlcdgc ol ilc Loid, lialma, Siva, India, and ilc
oilci dcmigods siill icmain in ilc maiciial woild. Indccd ii is cvcn sccn ilai
somciimcs ilcy opposc ilc Loid's dcsiics.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 33
yavad-adlilaiam avasiliiii adlilaiilanam
yavai-as long as; adlilaiam-ilc posi; avasiliiil-ilc siiuaiion;
adlilaiilanam-ol ilcy wlo lold ilc posis.
Tlc ollicc-loldcis siay loi ilc duiaiion ol ilcii icims in ollicc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wc do noi say ilai cvciyonc wlo las pcilcci lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ai oncc aiiains libciaiion. Howcvci, ilcii accumulaicd pasi
laima is all dcsiioycd by ilcii lnowlcdgc ol ilc Loid, and ilcii picscni aciions
also bcai no laimic icsuli. Wlcn ilc icim ol lilc in ilcii picscni body is
cxlausicd, ilcn ilcy will aiiain libciaiion. lccausc ilcy lold posis in ilc
managcmcni ol ilc univcisc, lialma and ilc oilci dcmigods do noi bccomc
libciaicd uniil ilcii icims ol ollicc cxpiic. Tlis is so cvcn ilougl ilcii pasi and
picscni laimic icaciions aic alicady dcsiioycd.
Wlcn ilcii icims ol ollicc cxpiic, ilcn ilcy bccomc libciaicd and cnici ilc
supicmc abodc ol ilc Loid. Tlis slould bc undcisiood. Tlc dcmigod India and
ilc oilcis lilc lim ilai lavc iclaiivcly sloii icims ol ollicc go, ai ilc cnd ol ilcii
icims, io ilc dcmigod lialma, wlosc icim ol ollicc is mucl longci. Wlcn lialma
aiiains libciaiion ilcy all aiiain libciaiion wiil lim. Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias will
dcsciibc ilis laici in ilis bool (+.3.10).
As loi ilc dcmigods opposing ilc Loid's dcsiics, ilcy do ilis only in
conloimancc wiil His wisl, and in oidci io assisi ilc Loid's pasiimcs. Tlcsc
dcmigods may appcai io bc maiciialisis cngagcd in scnsc giaiilicaiion, bui ilai is
only a lalsc slow. In iiuil ilcy aic iiansccndcnialisis lixcd in lnowlcdgc ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcicloic, wlcn ilcii icims ol ollicc cxpiic,
ilcy all aiiain libciaiion. Ol ilis ilcic is no doubi.
Adhikarana 15
Medifafion on fhe QuaIifies of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Now will bc discusscd ilc iiuil ilai
qualiiics sucl as bcing nciilci gicai noi small slould bc aiiiibuicd io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.S.S) ii is said:
ciad vai iad alsaiam gaigi bialmana ablivadaniy asilulam anava-liasvam
"O Gaig, ilc bialmanas say ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
nciilci gicai noi small, iall noi sloii."
Ii is also said:
aila paia yaya iad alsaiam adligamyaic yai iad adicsyam agialyam agoiiam
avainam acalsul-sioiiam
"Plcasc lnow ilai ilc Supicmc ncvci wancs noi docs Hc cvci dic. Tlc Supicmc
is ncvci sccn noi is Hc cvci giaspcd. Hc is ncvci boin in any lamily. Hc cannoi bc
dcsciibcd in woids. Tlc cycs and ilc cais cannoi lnow Him."
Samsaya (doubi): Slould ilcsc qualiiics ol ilc Loid, wlcic Hc is considcicd
impciislablc and nciilci gicai noi small bc includcd in cvciy mcdiiaiion on Him,
oi slould ilcy noi bc includcd in cvciy mcdiiaiion on Him'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In suiia 3.3.20 ii was said:
samana cvam cablcdai
"Alilougl ii is noi dividcd in ilai way, bccausc ol non-dillcicncc."
Tlcsc woids aic undcisiood io mcan ilai ilc Supicmc cciiainly docs lavc a
loim. Howcvci ilc picvious dcsciipiion (ol ilc Loid as bcing impciislablc and
nciilci gicai noi small) cannoi bc considcicd io bc a dcsciipiion ol a bcing wiil
loim.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 3+
alsaia-dliyam iv avaiodlal samanya-iad-blavablyam aupasada-vai iad uliam
alsaia-impciislablc; dliyam-in ilc idca; iu-bui; avaiodlal-acccpiancc;
samanya-cqualiiy; iai-ol Him; blavablyam-wiil ilc qualiiics; aupasada-Tlc
Aupasai maniia; vai-lilc; iai-ilai; uliam-spolcn.
lui bccausc Hc las ilc samc qualiiics ilc idca ol impciislabiliiy slould bc
acccpicd, as in ilc Aupasai maniia. Tlis las bccn cxplaincd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) lcic bcgins ilc icluiaiion ol ilc opponcni's aigumcni.
Tlc idca ilai ilc impciislablc Loid is nciilci gicai noi small slould bc includcd
in all mcdiiaiions on Him. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "lccausc Hc las ilc
samc qualiiics." Tlc Kaila Upanisad (1.2.15) cxplains:
saivc vcda yai-padam amananii
"All ilc Vcdas gloiily ilc Supicmc."
Tlc woislipablc Supicmc is always ilc samc. Tlcicloic ilcsc lcaiuics aic
picscni cvcn ilougl Hc las a loim. Tlcicloic ilc qualiiics lilc bcing nciilci gicai
noi small aic also picscni in ilc Loid's loim. Tlis is ilc mcaning. Svciasvaiaia
Upanisad (1.11) alliims ilai by undcisianding ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad onc aiiains libciaiion. Tlc lnowlcdgc lcic is lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc
as an cxiiaoidinaiy bcing, noi as an oidinaiy bcing. To posii anyiling clsc is
illogical and an insuli io ilc Supicmc. Tlcicloic ilc qualiiics lilc bcing nciilci
gicai noi small slould bc includcd wiil ilc qualiiics lilc bcing all-pcivading, all-
lnowing, and lull ol bliss. In ilis way ilcic is ilc lnowlcdgc ilai ilc Supicmc is
an cxiiaoidinaiy bcing. Iiom ilis ii may bc inlciicd ilai ilc Supicmc is dillcicni
liom all oilci pcisons. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc loim ol ilc Supicmc is licc
liom anyiling ilai is bad oi io bc icjccicd. In Simad-llagavaiam (S.3.2+) ii is
said:
sa vai na dcvasuia-maiiya-iiiyan
na sii na sando na puman na janiul
nayam gunal laima na san na casan
niscdla-scso jayaiad ascsal
"Hc nciilci dcmigod noi dcmon, nciilci luman noi biid noi bcasi. Hc is noi
woman, man, noi ncuici, noi is Hc an animal. Hc is noi a maiciial qualiiy, a
liuiiivc aciiviiy, a manilcsiaiion oi nonmanilcsiaiion. Hc is ilc lasi woid in ilc
disciiminaiion ol noi ilis, noi ilis,' and Hc is unlimiicd. All gloiics io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Piaycd io wiil ilcsc woids, wlicl dcsciibc a bcing nciilci gicai noi small, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad pcisonally appcaicd in His iiansccndcnial loim, a
loim ilai musi bc ilc samc as ilc bcing dcsciibcd in ilcsc piaycis. Tlai
appcaiancc is dcsciibcd in Simad-llagavaiam (S.3.30):
laiii aviiasi
"Tlcn ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad pcisonally appcaicd."
In ilis passagc Gajcndia piaycd io ilc Loid, addicssing Him in a cciiain way,
and ilc Loid iccipiocaicd by appcaiing in ilc loim ilai was dcsciibcd in ilc
piaycis. Il ilosc piaycis wcic noi appiopiiaic io ilc loim ol ilc Loid, ilcn ilc
Loid would lavc appcaicd only as a vaguc impcisonal lnowlcdgc in Gajcndia's
lcaii. In ilis way ilc idca ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is a maiciial dcmigod oi somc
oilci lind ol maiciial bcing is clcaily dispiovcd. Howcvci, ilc Loid docs appcai in
a loim lilc ilai ol a dcmigod oi a luman bcing, bui ilcsc aic His own loims and
ilcy aic noi maiciial.
Wiil ilc woids "aupasada-vai" ilc suiia givcs an cxamplc io slow ilai
sccondaiy lcaiuics incviiably lollow piimaiy lcaiuics. Tlc woid "upasai" lcic
iclcis io a spccilic maniia in a spccilic Vcdic iiiual. Wlcn in iis clanicd in ilc
Jamadagnya ccicmony wlcic puiodasa calcs aic ollcicd wiil ilc maniia "agnci
vai loiiam", ilc upasai maniia is clanicd in ilc Sama Vcda siylc. Howcvci, wlcn
ii is clanicd in a Yajui Vcda ccicmony, ilc upasai maniia is clanicd in ilc Yajui
Vcda siylc. In ilis way ilc sccondaiy naiuic lollows ilc piimaiy naiuic. Tlus ilc
sccondaiy qualiiics ol ilc Loid musi bc undcisiood accoiding io His piimaiy
qualiiics. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc Vidli-llanda in ilc lollowing woids:
guna-mullya-vyaiiliamc iad-aiilaivan mullycna vcda-samyogal
"Wlcn piimaiy and sccondaiy mcanings aic in conllici ilc piimaiy mcaning
slould bc acccpicd."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc naiuic ol ilc Loid's loim is dcsciibcd in ilc
lollowing woids:
saiva-laima saiva-gandlal
"Tlc Supicmc docs cvciyiling. Tlc Supicmc posscsscs all liagianccs."
Ioi ilis icason all mcdiiaiions on ilc Loid slould includc a mcdiiaiion on His
doing cvciyiling and posscssing all liagianccs."
Il ilis is said ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 35
iyad amananai
iyai-ilis; amananai-by ilc dcsciipiion.
Ii lollows ilc dcsciipiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iyai" mcans "in ilai way". In ilai way onc slould always mcdiiaic
on ilc qualiiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid's iiansccndcnial loim. In wlai way' Tlc
suiia cxplains: "amananai" (lollowing ilc dcsciipiion). Tlis mcans, "lollowing ilc
dcsciipiion ol ilc Loid's piimaiy qualiiics". On ilc Loid's piimaiy qualiiics aic
compulsoiy in mcdiiaiion on Him. Tlcicloic ii is noi ncccssaiy ilai in cvciy
mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid onc musi mcdiiaic on His doing cvciyiling oi posscssing
all liagianccs.
Adhikarana 16
The Lord's TranscendenfaI Abode
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ii will bc cxplaincd ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc iiansccndcnial abodc
ol ilc Loid. In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.2.7) ii is said:
yal saiva-jnal saiva-vid yasyaisa malima bluvi sambabluva divyc puic ly csa
samvyomny aima piaiisiliial.
"Tlc all-lnowing Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc gicaincss is sccn
cvciywlcic in ilc woild, icsidcs in His own cllulgcni ciiy in ilc spiiiiual sly."
Howcvci, ii is also said (Mundala Upanisad 2.2.10):
bialmaivcdam visvam idam vaiisilam
"ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is picscni cvciywlcic in ilc maiciial
woild."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc Loid's ciiy in ilc spiiiiual sly mcicly
an allcgoiy io dcsciibc ilc Loid's gloiics, oi is ilcic in iiuil sucl a ciiy wiil many
wondcilul palaccs, gaicways, suiiounding walls, and oilci lilc lcaiuics'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Wlai is ilc answci' Tlc answci is ilai
ilcsc woids aic an allcgoiy io dcsciibc ilc Supicmc Loid's gloiy. In ilc
Clandogya Upanisad (7.2+.1) ii is said:
sa blagaval lasmin piaiisiliia iii. sva-malimni.
"Wlcic docs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad icsidc' Hc icsidcs in His
own gloiy."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs ilc Loid's gloiy. Tlcicloic ilc spiiiiual
sly dcsciibcd bcloic is in iiuil ilc Loid's gloiy. Ii is noi any oilci iling.
Tlcicloic ii is noi possiblc ilai ilc Supicmc Loid las an abodc in a spccilic placc.
Tlis is conliimcd by ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids bialmaiva".
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 36
aniaia bluia-giama-vai svaimanal
aniaia-wiilin; bluia-madc ol maiciial clcmcnis; giama-ciiy; vai-lilc;
svaimanal-ol Hismcll.
Wiilin ii is lilc a maiciial ciiy io His own.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
To His own ilai placc in ilc spiiiiual sly is lilc a gicai ciiy. Tlc pliasc "io His
own" mcans "io His own dcvoicc". In ilc Siuii-sasiia (Mundala Upanisad 3.2.3
and Kaila Upanisad 1.2.23) ii is said:
yam cvaisa vinuic icna lablyal
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aiiaincd only by onc wlom Hc
Himscll clooscs."
Alilougl cvciyiling in ilai ciiy is pcilccily spiiiiual, siill ii appcais lilc a ciiy
madc ol caiil and ilc oilci maiciial clcmcnis. Tlc woid "vai" (lilc) uscd in ilc
suiia icluics ilc idca ilai ilis ciiy is aciually maiciial in naiuic. Tlc suiia says
ilai ii is "svaimanal" (manilcsicd liom Himscll). In ilc Mundala Upanisad
(2.2.11) ii is said:
bialmaivcdam amiiam puiasiai pascac ca. bialma dalsinaias coiiaicnadlas
coidlvam piasiiam. bialmaivcdam visvam idam vaiisilam.
"Tlc Supicmc is cicinal. Hc is in ilc casi and ilc wcsi. Hc is in ilc souil and
ilc noiil. Hc is bclow and Hc is abovc. Hc is cvciywlcic in ilc univcisc. Hc is ilc
gicaicsi."
As ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is lull ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc and bliss, las a wondcilul vaiiciy ol lcaiuics, sucl as His lands, lcci,
nails, and laii, so ilc Loid's iiansccndcnial abodc, wlicl is manilcsicd liom His
own pcisonal loim, also las a wondcilul vaiiciy ol lcaiuics, sucl as ilc dillcicni
loims in iis land and waici. Lvcn ilougl ilcy aic all spiiii and noiling clsc, siill
ilcy manilcsi a gicai vaiiciy, lilc a pcacocl lcailci oi oilci coloilul objcci.
Sufra 37
anyaila blcdanupapaiiii iii ccn nopadcsaniaia-vai
anyaila-oilciwisc; blcda-dillcicncc; anupapaiiil-non-aiiainmcni; iii-
ilus; cci-il; na-noi; upadcsa-icacling; aniaia-anoilci; vai-lilc.
Il ii is said, "Ii is oilciwisc, loi ilcic is no dillcicncc", ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi
so. Ioi ii is lilc oilci icaclings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Il ii is said, "Ii is oilciwisc, loi il ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn ilcm, ilcn
ilcic musi bc no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc cicaioi ol ilc abodc and ilc abodc iiscll,"
ilcn ilc suiia icplics. No. Tlis is noi a lauli". Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia icplics,
upadcsaniaia-vai" (loi ii is lilc oilci icaclings). In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad ii is
said:
anandam bialmano vidvan
"A wisc man lnows ilc bliss ol ilc Supicmc".
In ilis and oilci icaclings ii is said ilai cvcn ilougl ilc Supicmc is onc wiil
His aiiiibuics, siill Hc is also dillcicni liom ilcm. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
(Noic: Hcic ilc opponcni claims ilai bccausc ilc Loid is noi dillcicni liom His
iiansccndcnial abodc, ilcicloic ii is noi possiblc loi ilc Loid io dwcll in ilai
abodc, loi Hc is noi dillcicni liom ii. Tlis is icluicd by ilc sciipiuics' assciiion
ilai ilc Loid is also dillcicni liom His aiiiibuics, including His iiansccndcnial
abodc.)
Sufra 38
vyaiilaio visimsanii liaia-vai
vyaiilaio-clangcablc; visimsanii-disiinguisl; li-indccd; iiaia-oilcis; vai-
lilc.
Lilc oilcis, ilcy say ilcy aic iniciclangcablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (1.+.15) ii is said:
aimanam cva lolam upasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as idcniical wiil His
spiiiiual abodc."
Tlis passagc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia clcaily slows ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad is idcniical wiil His spiiiiual abodc and ilc spiiiiual abodc is idcniical
wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilcy aic
muiually idcniical. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc samc as His
spiiiiual abodc, and ilc spiiiiual abodc is ilc samc as ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad.
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad, in ilc passagc bcginning sai-pundaila-
nayanam", as wcll as in ilc passagc bcginning "salsai pialiii-paio 'yam aima
gopalal", ilc Siuii-sasiia clcaily cxplains ilai ilc loim ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad is idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll, and ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is idcniical wiil His own loim. Tlus ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,l wlosc loim is lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss,
manilcsis Himscll, by ilc agcncy ol His inconccivablc poicncy, as His own
spiiiiual woild, wlicl Hc icvcals only io His dcvoicc and io no onc clsc. In ilis
way ii is piovcd ilai as onc mcdiiaics on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, so
onc slould also mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad's spiiiiual abodc.
Adhikarana 17
The QuaIifies of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
To conliim wlai las alicady bccn said, ilc lollowing cxplanaiion is now bcgun.
Many icxis ilai dcsciibc ilc spccilic lcaiuics and qualiiics ol ilc Loid aic ilc
subjccis ol discussion (visaya) lcic.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc lcaiuics and qualiiics ol ilc Loid spiiiiual icaliiics oi
aic ilcy maiciial illusions'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.19) ii is
said:
ncla nanasii lincana
"Vaiiciy is noi picscni in ilc Supicmc."
In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.3.6) ii is said:
ailaia adcso ncii ncii
"Tlis is ilc icacling: Ii is noi ilis. Ii is noi ilis."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia icaclcs ilai ilc Supicmc las nciilci lcaiuics noi
qualiiics.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 39
saiva li saiyadayal
sa-slc; cva-indccd; li-indccd; saiya-iiuil; adayal-bcginning wiil.
Indccd, slc is ilosc ilai bcgin wiil iiuil.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.S) ii is said:
paiasya saliil
"Tlc Supicmc las a poicncy ilai is spiiiiual."
In ilc Visnu Puiana (6.7.61) ii is said:
visnu-saliil paia
"Loid Visnu las a poicncy ilai is spiiiiual."
Tlis poicncy is clcaily dillcicni liom ilc illusoiy maiciial poicncy (maya). As
lcai is io liic, so ilis pcisonal, spiiiiual poicncy is io ilc Loid. Tlis poicncy is
callcd paia salii (spiiiiual poicncy) oi svaiupa salii (ilc Loid's pcisonal poicncy).
lccausc ilis spiiiiual poicncy manilcsis iiscll as ilc iiuillulncss and oilci
qualiiics ol ilc Loid, ilcsc qualiiics aic noi maiciial oi illusoiy. Tlcy aic ilc
aciual qualiiics ol ilc Loid. Two aigumcnis pioving ilai ilc Loid's iiuillulncss
and oilci qualiiics aic manilcsiaiions ol ilis spiiiiual poicncy will bc givcn laici.
Tlc "ncii ncii" passagc quoicd by ilc puivapalsa las alicady bccn icluicd in suiia
3.2.22.
Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) slould bc undcisiood io imply ilc Loid's
oilci qualiiics, sucl as His puiiiy, mcicy, loigivcncss, omniscicncc, omnipoicncc,
bliss, landsomcncss, and many oilcis. Tlai is wly Paiasaia Muni dclincs ilc
woid "blagavan" as "Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is supicmcly
puic, lillcd wiil spiiiiual good qualiiics, and ilc masici ol gicai poicncics". Tlcn
Paiasaia Muni cxplains ilai ilc Loid las many iiansccndcnial qualiiics, sucl as
His bcing ilc mainiainci ol all, ilc masici ol all, ilc masici ol all opulcnccs,
posscssing all iniclligcncc, and many oilci qualiiics also. In ilc Visnu Puiana
(6.5.72-75) Paiaasia Muni says:
suddlc mala-vibluiy-allyc
paic bialmani sabdyaic
maiiicya blagavac-clabdal
saiva-laiana-laianc
"O Maiiicya, ilc woid blagavan' mcans Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
wlo is supicmcly puic, wlo is ilc causc ol all causcs, and wlo is ilc masici ol
gicai poicncics.'
samblaiicii iaila blaiia
bla-laio 'iila-dvayanviial
ncia gamayiia siasia
ga-laiaiilas iaila munc
"Tlc syllablc bla' mcans ilc mainiainci ol all' oi ilc pioiccioi ol all'. O sagc,
ilc syllablc ga' mcans ilc lcadci', ilc savioi', oi ilc cicaioi'.
aisvaiyasya samagiasya
viyasya yasasal siiyal
jnana-vaiiagyayos capi
sannam blaga iinganal
"Iull wcalil, siicngil, lamc, bcauiy, lnowlcdgc, and icnunciaiion: ilcsc aic
ilc six opulcnccs ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
vasanii yaiia bluiani
bluiaimany allilaimani
sa ca bluicsv ascscsu
valaiaiilas iaio 'vyayal
jnana-salii-balaisvaiya. . .
"Tlc syllablc va' mcans ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, in wlom
cvciyiling abodc, and wlo Himscll abidcs in all bcings.' Tlcicloic ilc woid
blagavan' mcans Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo las all lnowlcdgc,
powci, and opulcnccs'. "
Tlcicloic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad's iiuillulncss and oilci
qualiiics aic noi dillcicni liom Him. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai onc slould
mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as bcing noi dillcicni liom His
qualiiics.
Adhikarana 18
The Goddess of Forfune
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai ilc goddcss ol loiiunc is ilc bcsi ol ilc
Loid's qualiiics. In ilc Sulla Yajui-Vcda (31.22) ii is said:
sis ca ic lalsms ca painyau
"O Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Si and Lalsm aic Youi wivcs."
Somc say ilai Si is Rama-dcv and Lalsm is llagavai Sampai. Oilcis say ilai
Si is Vag-dcv and Lalsm is Rama-dcv. In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (.1+1) ii is
said:
lamala-paiayc namal
"Obcisanccs io Loid Kisna, ilc goddcss ol loiiunc's lusband."
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.+2) ii is also said:
iama-manasa-lamsaya
govindaya namo namal
"Obcisanccs io Loid Kisna, wlo is ilc plcasuic ol ilc cows, ilc land, and ilc
scnscs, and wlo is a swan swimming in ilc Manasa lalc ol ilc goddcss ol loiiunc's
ilouglis."
In ilc Rama-iapan Upanisad ii is said:
iamadlaiaya iamaya
"Obcisanccs io Loid Rama, on wlom ilc goddcss ol loiiunc icsis."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc goddcss ol loiiunc maiciial, and ilcicloic noi cicinal,
oi is slc spiiiiual, and ilcicloic cicinal'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.3.6) ii is
said:
ailaia adcso ncii ncii
"Tlis is ilc icacling: Ii is noi ilis. Ii is noi ilis."
Tlcsc woids slow ilai ilc Supicmc las no qualiiics and ilcicloic ii is noi
possiblc ilai, uliimaicly, ilc goddcss ol loiiunc can bc His wilc. Tlc goddcss ol
loiiunc is a maiciial illusion, a manilcsiaiion ol ilc maiciial modc ol puic
goodncss.. Tlcicloic ilc goddcss ol loiiunc is maiciial and noi cicinal.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +0
lamadiaiaiia iaiia caya-ianadiblyal
lama-dcsiics; adi-bcginning wiil; iiaiaiia-in oilci placcs; iaiia-ilcic;
ca-also; aya-all-pcivasivcncss; iana-giving bliss and libciaiion; adiblyal-
bcginning wiil
lccausc Slc is all-pcivading, ilc givci ol bliss, and ilc givci ol libciaiion, and
bccausc Slc las many oilci viiiucs, Slc is ilc souicc ol wlai is io bc dcsiicd, boil
ilcic and in oilci placcs also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woids "sa cva" (slc indccd) aic undcisiood liom ilc picvious suiia. Tlc
"slc" lcic is ilc iiansccndcnial goddcss ol loiiunc, wlo in boil ilc spiiiiual sly
(iaiia), wlicl is uniouclcd by maiici, and also in ilc woild ol ilc livc maiciial
clcmcnis (iiaiaiia), lullills ilc dcsiics ol lci masici. Slc is ilc cicinal goddcss ol
loiiunc. Tlc woid "lama" lcic mcans "ilc dcsiic loi amoious pasiimcs". Tlc
woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) lcic mcans "pcisonal scivicc and oilci aciiviiics
appiopiiaic loi ilcsc pasiimcs.
In ilis way ilc goddcss ol loiiunc is iiansccndcnial. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains: "aya-ianadiblyal". Tlc woid "aya" mcans "all-pcivading". Tlc woid
iana" mcans "giving libciaiion an bliss io ilc dcvoiccs". In ilcsc iwo ways slc is
lilc ilc Loid Himscll, wlo posscsscs iiuillulncss and a losi ol oilci viiiucs.
Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) lcic linis ilai slc is spiiiiual in naiuic. Tlc
siaicmcni ol Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.S) also alliims ilai slc is spiiiiual. In ilis
way slc is spiiiiual and all-pcivading. Slc las lnowlcdgc, compassion, and a losi
ol oilci viiiucs, and slc is also a givci ol libciaiion. In ilcsc ways ilc goddcss ol
loiiunc is noi dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilc Visnu
Puiana ii is said:
niiyaiva sa jagan-maia
visnol sii anapayin
yaila saiva-gaio visnus
iailaivcyam dvijoiiama
"Tlc goddcss ol loiiunc is ilc cicinal companion ol Loid Visnu. Slc is ilc
moilci ol ilc univcisc. O bcsi ol ilc bialmanas, as Loid Visnu is all-pcivading, so
is slc also."
Ii is also said in ilc sciipiuics:
aima-vidya ca dcvi ivam
vimulii-plala-dayin
"O goddcss ol loiiunc, You aic ilc Loid's spiiiiual lnowlcdgc. You aic ilc
givci ol libciaiion."
Il ilc goddcss ol loiiunc wcic noi spiiiiual ii would bc impiopci io asciibc
ilcsc iwo qualiiics (all-pcivasivcncss and giving libciaiion) io lci. Tlai ilc
goddcss ol loiiunc is spiiiiual is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids ol ilc Visnu
Puiana:
piocyaic paiamcso yo
yal suddlo 'py upacaiaial
piasdaiu sa no visnui
aima yal saiva-dclinam
"May supicmcly puic Loid Visnu, wlo is ilc masici ol ilc spiiiiual goddcss ol
loiiunc and ilc Supcisoul ol all living cniiiics, bc mcicilul io us."
Tlc woid "paia-ma" in ilis vcisc mcans "ilc spiiiiual (paia) goddcss ol loiiunc
(ma)". lccausc ilc goddcss ol loiiunc las bccn dcsciibcd as bcing all-pcivading
and laving oilci spiiiiual aiiiibuics, ii is noi possiblc ilai slc is maiciial. In ilis
way ii is piovcd ilai ilc goddcss ol loiiunc is noi maiciial. Ioi ilcsc icasons ilc
goddcss ol loiiunc is spiiiiual and cicinal.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai il ilc goddcss ol loiiunc is ilc
spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc Loid, (wlicl is noi dillcicni liom ilc Loid), ilcn ii is noi
possiblc loi lci io lavc dcvoiion loi ilc Loid' Alici all, ii is noi possiblc loi a
pcison io lavc dcvoiion io limscll.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics in ilc lollowing
woids.
Sufra +1
adaiad alopal
adaiai-bccausc ol dcvoiion; alopal-non-cnding.
lccausc ol dcvoiion ii docs noi ccasc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl in iiuil ilc goddcss ol loiiunc is noi dillcicni liom ilc Loid, siill,
bccausc ilc Loid is a jcwcl minc ol wondcilul qualiiics, and also bccausc Hc is ilc
iooi ol ilc goddcss ol loiiunc's cxisicncc, ilc lovc and dcvoiion ilai ilc goddcss
bcais loi Him ncvci ccascs. Tlc biancl ncvci ccascs io lovc ilc iicc, noi ilc
moonligli ilc moon. Hci lovc and dcvoiion loi ilc Loid is dcsciibcd in many
placcs in ilc Siuii-sasiia. In ilc Simad-llagavaiam (10.29.37) ii is said:
sii yai-padambuja-iajas calamc iulasya
labdlvapi valsasi padam lila bliiya-jusiam
"Dcai Kisna, ilc loius lcci ol ilc goddcss ol loiiunc aic always woislipcd by
ilc dcmigods, alilougl slc is always icsiing on Youi clcsi in ilc Vailunila
plancis. Slc undciwcni gicai ausiciiiy and pcnancc io lavc somc slclici ai Youi
loius lcci, wlicl aic always covcicd by iulas lcavcs."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi iiuc ilai amoious lovc is possiblc only
wlcn ilcic aic iwo: ilc lovci and ilc bclovcd' Il ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn
ilc lovci and ilc bclovcd, ilcn lovc is noi possiblc bciwccn ilcm.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra +2
upasiliic 'ias iad-vacanai
upasiliic-bcing ncai; aial-ilus; iai-ol ilai; vacanai-liom ilc siaicmcni.
Ii is in His picscncc. Ii is so bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "upasiliic" mcans "ncaincss". cvcn ilougl ilc Loid's poicncy and
ilc Loid Himscll, ilc slclici ol ilai poicncy, aic onc, siill, bccausc ilc Loid is ilc
bcsi ol malcs and His poicncy is ilc jcwcl ol young giils, wlcn Tlcy aic iogcilci
ilcic is naiuially ilc pcilcciion ol blisslul amoious pasiimcs. How is ilai lnown'
Tlc suiia cxplains: "iad-vacanai" (bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni). In ilc Gopala-iapan
Upanisad (2.25) ii is said:
yo la vai lamcna laman lamayaic sa lam blavaii. yo la vai iv alamcna laman
lamayaic so 'lam blavaii.
"Hc wlo lusis alici plcasuics is lusiy. Hc wlo cnjoys wiiloui maiciial lusi is
noi lusiy."
In ilcsc woids ilc amoious pasiimcs ol ilc Loid aic dcsciibcd. Tlc woid "a-
lamcna" lcic mcans "wiil somciling ilai bcais cciiainly similaiiiics io lusi". Tlis
iling wiil somc similaiiiics io maiciial lusi is ilc Loid's puic spiiiiual lovc. Tlai
is ilc mcaning. Wiil spiiiiual lovc Hc cnjoys ilc goddcss ol loiiunc, wlo is
aciually Himscll. In ilis way Hc linds plcasuic and lullillmcni. Ioi ilis ilcic is no
lauli on His paii. ly ioucling ilc goddcss ol loiiunc, wlo is aciually Himscll, ilc
Loid cnjoys iiansccndcnial bliss. Ii is lilc a pcison gazing ai lis own
landsomcncss (in a miiioi). Tlai is wlai is said lcic.
Dillcicni liom His spiiiiual poicncy (paia salii) is ilc poicncy ol ilc Loid's
loim (svaiupa-salii). Tlc Siuii-sasiias and oilci sciipiuics cxplain ilai iliougl
ilc svaiupa-salii ilc Supicmc Loid manilcsis as ilc bcsi ol malcs, and iliougl
ilc paia salii ilc Loid manilcsis His vaiious iiansccndcnial qualiiics. Ii is iliougl
ilc paia salii ilai ilc Loid manilcsis His lnowlcdgc, bliss, mcicy, opulcncc,
powci, swccincss, and oilci qualiiics.
Ii is also iliougl ilc paia salii ilai ilc Vcdic sciipiuics aic manilcsicd. In ilc
samc way is manilcsicd ilc caiil and oilci placcs. manilcsiing as ilc Loid's
plcasuic poicncy (lladin salii), ilc paia salii appcais as Si Radla, ilc jcwcl ol
iccnagc giils.
Alilougl ilc Loid and His paia salii aic noi dillcicni, siill, loi cnjoying
dillcicni pasiimcs, Tlcy aic manilcsicd as dillcicni. In ilis way ilc Loid's dcsiics
aic pcilccily and complcicly lullillcd.
Tlcsc manilcsiaiions ol ilc paia salii, bcginning wiil ilc manilcsiaiion ol ilc
Loid's qualiiics, aic noi manilcsicd only icccnily. Tlcy aic bcginninglcss and
cicinal. Tlcy will ncvci ccasc io cxisi. Tlcicloic ilc dcvoiccs slould mcdiiaic on
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as accompanicd by ilc goddcss ol loiiunc.
Adhikarana 19
The Many Forms of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.5+) ii is said:
iasmai cva lisnal paio dcvas iam dlyayci iam iasci iam blajci iam yajci. iii. om
iai sai.
"Tlcicloic, Loid Kisna is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Onc slould
mcdiiaic on Him, gloiily Him, scivc Him, and woislip Him. Om Tai Sai."
Samsaya (doubi): Musi onc always woislip Loid Haii as Kisna oi is ii possiblc
io woislip Him in anoilci loim also'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilis passagc cnds ilc Upanisad ilc
piopci inicipiciaiion is ilc woislip ol Loid Haii musi always bc diiccicd io ilc
loim ol Loid Kisna alonc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +3
ian niidlaiananiyamas iad disiail piilag ly apiaiibandlal plalam
iai-ol ilai; niidlaiana-ol dciciminaiion; a-noi; niyamal-iulc; iai-ilai;
disiail-by wlai is sccn; piilal-disiinci; li-indccd; a-noi; piaiibandlal-
obsiiuciion; plalam-liuii.
Tlcic is no icsiiiciion in ilai icgaid. Ii is dillcicni bccausc ol wlai is sccn.
Non-obsiiuciion is ilc icsuli.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcic is no iulc ilai says onc musi woislip Loid Haii in His loim as Kisna
only and noi in His loim ol Loid lalaiama oi any ol His oilci loims. Lvcn wlcn
Hc is a iiny inlani as Yasoda's bicasi, Loid Kisna is always all-pcivading, all-
lnowing, and lull ol bliss. How is ilai lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains: "iad-disiail"
(lccausc ol wlai is sccn). In Gopala-iapan Upanisad (2.+S) ii is said:
yaiiasau samsiliial lisnas
iiiblil saliya samaliial
iamaniiuddla-piadyumnai
iulminya saliio viblul
caiul-sabdo blavcd clo
ly omlaias ly amsalail liial
"Loid Kisna, accompanicd by His ilicc poicncics and by lalaiama, Aniiuddla,
Piadyumna, and Rulmin, siays in dcliglilul Mailuia Pui. Tlcsc loui namcs aic
idcniical wiil ilc namc Om."
Loid lalaiama and ilc oilci incainaiions aic all loims ol Loid Kisna and so
Tlcy also slould bc woislipcd. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il ilai is so ilcn ilc pliasc lisna cva" (Kisna
indccd), cmplasizing Loid Kisna would bccomc mcaninglcss.
To ilis objcciion ilc suiia icplics: "piilal" (ii is dillcicni). Tlis mcans, "ilc
icsuli is dillcicni". Wlai is ilai dillcicni icsuli' ilc suiia cxplains:
apiaiibandlal" (non-obsiiuciion is ilc icsuli). Tlis mcans, "ilc icmoval ol ilc
obsiiuciions io ilc woislip ol Loid Kisna, obsiiuciions causcd by ilinling any
oilci loim is ilc liglcsi loim ol ilc Loid." Tlcicloic, il onc is ablc and il onc is
so inclincd, lc may woislip oilci loims ol ilc Loid, wlicl aic all non-dillcicni
liom Loid Kisna.
Adhikarana 20
The SpirifuaI Masfer
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai Loid Kisna is aiiaincd by onc wlo
appioaclcs a gcnuinc spiiiiual masici. In iis dcsciipiion ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.23) cxplains:
yasya dcvc paia blaliii
yaila dcvc iaila guiau
iasyaiic lailiia ly aiilal
pialasanic malaimanal
"Only io ilosc gicai souls wlo lavc implicii laiil in boil ilc Loid and ilc
spiiiiual masici aic all ilc impoiis ol Vcdic lnowlcdgc auiomaiically icvcalcd."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.1+.2) ii is said:
acaiyavan puiuso vcda
"Onc wlo appioaclcs a bona lidc spiiiiual masici can undcisiand cvciyiling
aboui spiiiiual icalizaiion."
In ilc Mundala Upanisad (1.2.12) ii is said:
iad-vijnanaiilam sa guium cvabligacclci
"To lcain ilc iiansccndcnial subjcci maiici, onc musi appioacl a spiiiiual
masici."
Samsaya (doubi): is ilc icsuli obiaincd mcicly by lcaiing ilc sciipiuics liom
ilc spiiiiual masici, oi musi ilai lcaiing bc accompanicd by ilc aiiainmcni ol ilc
spiiiiual masici's mcicy'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc icsuli is obiaincd mcicly by lcaiing ilc
sciipiuics. Wly would onc nccd io aiiain ilc spiiiiual masici's mcicy'
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra ++
piadana-vad cva iad uliam
piadana-gili; vai-lilc; cva-indccd; iai-ilai; uliam-said.
Ii is lilc a gili. Tlai is said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn ilc spiiiiual masici is plcascd wiil a pcison ilai pcison is ablc io lcai
ilc sciipiuics and lollow ilc pail ol spiiiiual advanccmcni. In ilis way onc aiiains
ilc Loid. ly mcicly lcaiing ilc sciipiuics and lollowing ilc spiiiiual pail onc will
noi bc ablc io aiiain ilc Loid. Tlcicloic ii is said ilai ilc spiiiiual masici's mcicy
is csscniial. Tlc piclix pia" in ilis suiia linis ai ilc woid "piasada" (mcicy). Tlc
loius-cycd Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll cxplains in ilc llagavad-gia
(13.S);
acaiyopasanam saucam
"Knowlcdgc mcans io appioacl a bona lidc spiiiiual masici and bccomc puic."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
aiiaincd by ilc mcicy ol ilc spiiiiual masici.
Adhikarana 21
The SpirifuaI Masfer's Mercy
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Samsaya (doubi): Wlicl is moic impoiiani: onc's own clloiis oi ilc spiiiiual
masici's mcicy'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Il onc docs noi cndcavoi on onc's own paii,
ilcn ilc spiiiiual masici's mcicy will noi bc cllcciivc. Tlcicloic onc's own clloii is
moic impoiiani.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +5
linga-bluyasivai iad dli balyas iad api
linga-ol indicaiions; bluyasivai-bccausc ol an abundancc; iai-ilai; li-
indccd; balyal-moic powcilul; iai-ilai; api-also.
lccausc ol many sympioms ii is moic powcilul. Tlai also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Lvcn ilougl somc dcmigods assuming ilc loims ol a bull and oilci cicaiuics
lad alicady iaugli lim ilc iiuil ol ilc Supicmc, ilc disciplc Saiyalama
ncvciilclcss icqucsicd lis spiiiiual masici (Clandogya Upanisad +.9.2):
blagavams iv cva mc lamam biuyai
"O masici, plcasc icacl mc ilc iiuil."
In ilc samc way Upalosala (Clandogya Upanisad +.10.1-+.1+.3), cvcn ilougl
lc lad alicady aiiaincd spiiiiual lnowlcdgc liom ilc sacicd liics, ncvciilclcss
appioaclcd lis spiiiiual masici loi insiiuciion. In ilcsc iwo passagcs ol ilc
Clandogya Upanisad ii is clcaily sccn ilai ilc mcicy ol ilc spiiiiual masici is ilc
mosi impoiiani.
Hcic somconc may say: Il ilai is so, ilcn wlai is ilc nccd ol doing anyiling ai
all' Onc slould noi ilinl in ilai way. Onc slould siill siudy ilc sciipiuics and
lollow ilc spiiiiual pail. In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.23) ii is said:
yasya dcvc paia blaliil
"Onc slould cngagc in dcvoiional scivicc io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
sioiavyal maniavyal
"Onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and lcai His
gloiics."
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
guiu-piasado balavan
na iasmad balavaiiaiam
iailapi siavanadis ca
laiiavyo molsa-siddlayc
"Tlc spiiiiual masici's mcicy is mosi impoiiani. Noiling is moic impoiiani.
Siill, in oidci io aiiain libciaiion onc slould cciiainly lcai ilc gloiics ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and scivc Him in many ways."
Adhikarana 22
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead and fhe IndividuaI Spirif SouI Are Nof
IdenficaI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai by aiiaining ilc spiiiiual masici's mcicy and by
woisliping ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo las ilc mosi gloiious
iiansccndcnial qualiiics, onc aiiains ilc dcsiicd icsuli. Now an appaicni
coniiadiciion will bc icsolvcd.
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ilc sagcs asl lialma qucsiions bcginning wiil,
"Wlo is ilc supicmc objcci ol woislip'" lialma answcis ilai Loid Kisna is ilc
supicmc objcci ol woislip, and dcvoiional scivicc is ilc way io aiiain Him.
Howcvci, in ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (2.+9) ii is also said:
iasmad cva paio iajasa iii so 'lam iiy avadlaiya gopalo 'lam iii blavayci. sa
molsam asnuic sa bialmaivam adligacclaii sa bialma-vid blavaii.
"Onc slould ilinl, I am ilc Supicmc Loid bcyond ilc passions ol ilc maiciial
woild'. Onc slould ilinl, I am Loid Gopala'. In ilis way onc aiiains libciaiion. In
ilis way onc aiiains ilc siaic ol bcing ilc Supicmc Loid. In ilis way onc
undcisiands ilc Supicmc."
Tlc woids "so 'lam" (I am Hc) clcaily slow ilc idca ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc individual spiiii souls aic noi dillcicni.
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc woids "so 'lam" (I am Hc) lcic icacl ilc dociiinc
ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and ilc individual spiiii souls aic
idcniical, oi do ilcy icacl somc aspcci ol ilc dociiinc ol dcvoiional scivicc, a
dociiinc alicady bccn dcsciibcd in ilis bool'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc naiuial mcaning ol ilc woids lcic is
ilai ilc dociiinc ol oncncss is ilc way io libciaiion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +6
puiva-vilalpal pialaianai syai liiya-manasa-vai
puiva-picvious; vilalpal-conccpi; pialaianai-liom ilc conicxi; syai-may
bc; liiya-aciions; manasa-mind; vai-lilc.
lccausc ol ilc conicxi ii is lilc wlai gocs bcloic. Ii is lilc ilc ilouglis and
dccds.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc dcclaiaiion "so 'lam" (I am Hc) in ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad slould bc
undcisiood accoiding io ilc passagcs ilai picccdc ii. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
dcclaics: pialaianaai" (bccausc ol ilc conicxi). In ilc bcginning ol Gopala-iapan
Upanisad (1.1+) ii is said:
blaliii asya blajanam iad ilamuiiopadli-naiiasycnamusmin manal lalpanam
ciad cva naislaimyam.
"Wiiloui any dcsiic loi maiciial bcnclii in ilis lilc oi ilc ncxi onc slould
cngagc in dcvoiional scivicc io Loid Kisna. Tlai will biing liccdom liom ilc
bonds ol laima."
Dcvoiional scivicc is also dcsciibcd ai ilc cnd ol ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad in
ilcsc woids:
sac-cid-anandaila-iasc blalii-yogc iisilaii.
"Onc slould cngagc in dcvoiional scivicc, wlicl is cicinal and lull ol
lnowlcdgc and bliss."
Tlc middlc poiiion ol ilc Upanisad cannoi dcal wiil a iopic dillcicni liom
wlai is discusscd in ilc bcginning and cnd. Hcic ilc suiia givcs an cxamplc:
"liiya-manasa-vai" (Ii is lilc ilc ilouglis and dccds). Tlc dccds lcic aic ilc
aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc, wlicl bcgin wiil woislip ol ilc Loid. Tlc
ilouglis lcic aic mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid.
Dcvoiional scivicc was dcsciibcd in ilc bcginning and cnd ol ilc Upanisad.
Tlcicloic ilc dcclaiaiion "so 'lam" (I am Hc) slould bc undcisiood as a
dcsciipiion ol somc lcaiuic ol ilc samc dcvoiional scivicc alicady dcsciibcd in ilc
picccding passagcs.
Puslcd by inicnsc lovc oi lcai, a pcison may somciimcs call oui, "I am lc!" In
ilis way a pcison may somciimcs call oui, "I am Kisna!" oi "I am ilai lion!"
In bcginning ol ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.2) ilc qucsiion is aslcd:
lal paiamo dcval
"Wlo is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'"
In ilai passagc ilc sagcs aslcd lialma aboui ilc idcniiiy ol Supicmc, wlo is
ilc supicmc objcci ol woislip, ilc dclivcici liom ilc woild ol icpcaicd biiil and
dcail, ilc slclici ol all, ilc liisi causc ol all causcs. lialma icplicd:
si-lisno vai paiamam daivaiam
"Loid Kisna is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlcn, io lclp cnablc mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid, lialma dcsciibcd Loid Kisna's
vaiious qualiiics. Tlcn lialma says (Gopala-iapan Upanisad 1.6):
yo dlyayaii. . .
"Onc wlo mcdiiaics on Loid Kisna, gloiilics Him, and woislips Him, bccomcs
libciaicd. Hc bccomcs libciaicd."
Tlus lialma slows ilai by mcdiiaiing on Loid Kisna, claniing maniias
gloiilying Loid Kisna, and cngaging in oilci aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc, onc
bccomcs libciaicd liom ilc woild ol biiil and dcail. Tlc again ii is said (Gopala-
iapan Upanisad 1.7):
ic locul lim iad-iupam
"Tlc sagcs said: Wlai is His loim'"
Tlis qucsiion is aboui dcvoiional scivicc and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, wlo is woislipcd in dcvoiional scivicc. lialma answcicd ilis qucsiion
in ilcsc woids (1.S):
iad u lovaca laiianyo gopa-vcsam abliablam
"lialma said: Hc is a cowlcid boy. Hc is dail lilc a monsoon cloud."
Tlcn, alici dcsciibing Loid Kisna's loim, lialma dcsciibcs ilc maniia io bc
clanicd. Hc says (1.11):
iamyam puna iasanam
"Loid Kisna's maniia slould clanicd icpcaicdly."
Tlcn lialma dcsciibcs dcvoiional scivicc in ilcsc woids (1.1+):
blaliii asya blajanam
"Onc slould cngagc in dcvoiional scivicc io Loid Kisna."
Tlcn lialma dcsciibcs ilc maniia onc slould clani in oidci io scc Loid
Kisna's loim. lialma says (1.2+):
omlaicnaniaiiiam yo japaii. . .
"To onc wlo clanis ilis maniia bcginning wiil Om, Loid Kisna icvcals His
own iiansccndcnial loim."
Tlcn, in Gopala-iapan Upanisad 1.3S (iam clam govindam), lialma dcsciibcs
Loid Kisna's iiansccndcnial loim, wlicl is lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss. Iinally
lialma concludcs (1.5+):
iasmac cli-lisna cva paio dcval
"Tlcicloic Loid Kisna is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In ilc sccond clapici ol Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is said ilai ilc gops, alici
cnjoying pasiimcs wiil Loid Kisna, and alici asling Him qucsiions, and alici
aiiaining His pcimission, picscnicd a gicai lcasi bcloic ilc sagc Duivasa. Plcascd,
ilc sagc blcsscd ilcm. Wlcn ilcy aslcd lim aboui Loid Kisna, ilc sagc dcsciibcd
io ilcm (in ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woid "Si Kisnal") ilc cxiiaoidinaiy
naiuic ol Loid Kisna's pasiimcs. Hc iold ilcm ilai Loid l is ilc liisi causc ol all
causcs, ilai Hc is conqucicd by ilc puic lovc ol His dcvoiccs, ilai Hc is dcai io
His dcvoiccs, and many oilci gloiics ol Loid Kisna. Tlcn (in ilc passagc
bcginning wiil ilc woids sa lovaca"), Duivasa is aslcd aboui Loid Kisna's biiil,
aciiviiics, maniia, and abodc. In ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids "sa lovaca
iam" ilc sagc answcicd ilc qucsiion by iccouniing a convcisaiion ol lialma and
Loid Naiayana. In ilai accouni lc cxplaincd ilai Loid Kisna is pcilcci and
complcic and lc also cxplaincd ilai Loid Kisna is ilc savioi liom ilc woild ol
biiil and dcail. Tlcn, in ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids "vanaii anclaii
ullasai", lialma dcsciibcd ilc Loid's spiiiiual abodc namcd Mailuia, wlicl is
pioiccicd by ilc Loid's calia and wlicl is splcndid wiil many loicsis. Ai ilis
poini ilc "so 'lam" passagc occuis (Gopala-iapan Upanisad (2.+9):
iasmad cva paio iajasa iii so 'lam
"Onc slould ilinl, I am ilc Supicmc Loid bcyond ilc passions ol ilc maiciial
woild'."
In ilis way ii is said ilai ilc condiiion ol ilinling oncscll non-dillcicni liom
ilc Loid is ilc causc ol libciaiion. lccausc dcvoiional scivicc was dcsciibcd
picviously in ilis Upanisad as ilc causc ol libciaiion, ilc oncncss wiil ilc Loid
lcic musi bui a cciiain lcaiuic ol ilai dcvoiional scivicc. Ii musi bc a sympiom ol
ccsiaiic lovc, lilc ilc slcdding ol many icais oi oilci sympioms ol ccsiaiic lovc.
Tlc passagcs alam asmi" (I am Hc), "bialmalam asmi" (I am ilc Supicmc), and
oilci similai passagcs in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad and oilci sciipiuics, passagcs
dcclaiing ilc oncncss ol ilc individual soul and ilc Supicmc, slould all bc ialcn
in ilis way, as cxpicssions ol pcisons ovciwlclmcd wiil ccsiaiic lovc, cxpicssions
ilai aic aciually piool ilai ilc individual souls and ilc Supicmc aic indccd
dillcicni pcisons and aic noi ai all idcniical. Tlis iiuil las alicady bccn cxplaincd
in ilis bool.
In ilc lollowing suiia will bc picscnicd luiilci piool ilai ilc woids "so 'lam"
(I am Hc) aic indccd a sympiom ol dcvoiional lovc and do noi ai all mcan ilai ilc
individual souls and ilc Supicmc aic idcniical.
Sufra +7
aiidcsac ca
aiidcsai-by compaiison; ca-and.
Also by compaiison.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (2.63) Loid Naiayana iclls lialma:
yaila ivam sala puiiais ca
yaila iudio ganail sala
yaila siiyabliyulio 'lam
iaila blalio mama piiyal
"Anyonc wlo bccomcs My sinccic dcvoicc bccomcs vciy dcai io Mc. As dcai as
you and youi sons aic, as dcai as Loid Siva and lis associaics, as dcai as ilc
goddcss ol loiiunc."
In ilis vcisc ii is sccn ilai as lialma is accompanicd by lis sons, so Loid Kisna
is always accompanicd by His dcvoiccs. Tlc woid "ca" (and) is cxplaincd in ilc
lollowing woids ol Gopala-iapan Upanisad (2.91), wlcic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad dcclaics:
dlyaycn mama piiyo niiyam
sa molsam adligacclaii
sa mulio blavaii iasmai
svaimanam ca dadami vai
"Onc wlo mcdiiaics on Mc is cicinally dcai io Mc. Hc aiiains libciaiion. Hc
bccomcs libciaicd. I givc Myscll io lim."
In ilcsc woids ilc Loid dcclaics ilai ilc dcvoiccs aic cicinally dcai io Him and
Hc also dcclaics ilai lc givcs Himscll as a gili io His dcvoiccs. Il ilc individual
souls and ilc Supicmc Loid aic uliimaicly onc, ilcsc iwo siaicmcnis cannoi bc ai
all possiblc. Tlcicloic ilc sciipiuics' siaicmcni "so 'lam" (I am Hc) slould bc
undcisiood as ilc dcsciipiion ol a spccilic sympiom ol ccsiaiic lovc. Tlis
siaicmcni ("so 'lam"), wlcn lound in ilc Rama-iapan Upanisad and oilci
Upanisads slould also bc cxplaincd in ilis way.
In conclusion, ii is said ilai onc aiiains libciaiion by ilc mcicy ol ilc spiiiiual
masici and by dcvoiional scivicc io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcic is
no lauli wiil ilai siaicmcni.
Adhikarana 23
SpirifuaI KnowIedge Brings Liberafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tiuc lnowlcdgc is dclincd as ilc sciipiuics' dcsciipiion ol dcvoiional scivicc.
Tlai lnowlcdgc lcads io libciaiion. Hcic bcgins an claboiaic dcsciipiion ol ilai
iiuil. In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.S) ii is said:
iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii
nanyal panila nvidyaic 'yanaya
"I lnow ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is iiansccndcnial io all
maiciial conccpiions ol dailncss. Only lc wlo lnows Him can iiansccnd ilc
bonds ol biiil and dcail. Tlcic is no way loi libciaiion oilci ilan ilis lnowlcdgc
ol ilai Supicmc Pcison."
In ilc Puiusa-sulia piaycis ol ilc Rg Vcda ii is said:
iam cva vidvan amiia ila blavaii
"A pcison wlo lnows ilc Supicmc aiiains libciaiion."
Samsaya (doubi) Is libciaiion causcd by ilc pciloimancc ol Vcdic iiiuals
(laima), by spiiiiual lnowlcdgc (vidya), oi by iiiuals and lnowlcdgc iogcilci'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): How is libciaiion aiiaincd' Ii is aiiaincd by
pciloiming Vcdic iiiuals. Tlis is piovcd in suiias 3.+.2-7. Oi, il ilcic musi bc
somc lnowlcdgc, ilcn Vcdic iiiuals and lnowlcdgc slould bc combincd iogcilci
io biing libciaiion. In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
iad-dlcioi na iu iayoi claiaiam iam vidya-laiman
"Vcdic iiiuals and spiiiiual lnowlcdgc musi bc combincd iogcilci io biing
libciaiion. Liilci ol ilcm alonc is noi cnougl."
Ii is also said:
ublablyam cva palsablyam
yaila llc palsino gaiil
iailaiva laima-jnanablyam
mulio blavaii manaval
"As a biid nccds iwo wings io lly in ilc sly, so a man nccds boil Vcdic iiiuals
and spiiiiual lnowlcdgc io aiiain libciaiion."
Oi, pcilaps spiiiiual lnowlcdgc alonc is in iiuil ilc causc ol libciaiion. Alici
all, ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.S) dcclaics:
iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii
"Only onc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can iiansccnd ilc
bonds ol biiil and dcail."
Alici all is said and donc ii is noi possiblc io icacl a linal conclusion in ilis
maiici.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +8
vidyaiva iu ian-niidlaianai
vidya-lnowlcdgc; cva-indccd; iu-cciiainly; iai-ol ilai; niidlaianai-
bccausc ol ilc conclusion.
Ii is lnowlcdgc indccd, loi ilai is ilc conclusion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Spiiiiual lnowlcdgc, and
noi Vcdic iiiual, is ilc causc ol libciaiion. Nciilci is ii ncccssaiy ilai spiiiiual
lnowlcdgc bc combincd wiil ilc pciloimancc ol Vcdic iiiuals in oidci io biing
libciaiion. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "ian-niidlaianai" (loi ilai is ilc
conclusion). Tlc conclusion is givcn in Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 3.S. Tlc woid
"vidya" (lnowlcdgc) lcic mcans "ilc lnowlcdgc ilai lcads io dcvoiional scivicc".
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.21) ii is said:
vijnaya piajnam luivia
"Onc slould undcisiand ilc Supicmc, and ilus bccomc wisc."
Tlc "wisdom" lcic is clcaily dcvoiional scivicc. In ilc Smiii-sasiia ilc woid
"vidya" is uscd in boil ilcsc scnscs. Onc cxamplc is in ilc lollowing woids:
vidya-luilaicna siicna dlial
"Wiil ilc slaipcncd ax ol lnowlcdgc a wisc pcison cuis asundci ilc dailncss
ol ignoiancc."
Anoilci cxamplc is in llagavad-gia (9.2):
iaja-vidya iaja-gulyam
"Tlis lnowlcdgc is ilc ling ol cducaiion, ilc mosi sccici ol all sccicis."
Tlc woid "vidya" may bc inicipicicd in iwo ways. Ii is lilc ilc woids
"lauiava" and "mmamsa". Tlc loimci may mcan ciilci "ilc Pandavas" oi ilc
sons ol Dliiaiasiia", and ilc laiici may mcan ciilci "ilc lnowcis ol Vcdic
iiiuals" oi "ilc lnowcis ol ilc Supicmc".
Libciaiion is ilus aiiaincd by lnowlcdgc, lnowlcdgc lcic bcing ilc diicci
pciccpiion ol ilc Loid sianding ouisidc ilc lcaii. Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias
dcclaics ilis in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra +9
daisanac ca
daisanai-by sccing; ca-also.
Also by sccing.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.2.S) ii is said:
bidyaic lidaya-gianilis
clidyanic saiva-samsayal
lsyanic casya laimani
iasmin disic paiavaic
"Tlus ilc lnoi in ilc lcaii is piciccd, and all misgivings aic cui io picccs. Tlc
clain ol liuiiivc aciions is iciminaicd wlcn onc sccs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai onc bccomcs libciaicd by sccing ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Do ilc sciipiuics noi say, Onc aiiains libciaiion by
pciloiming Vcdic iiiuals"' Do ilc sciipiuics noi say, "Onc aiiains libciaiion by
pciloiming Vcdic iiiuals and aiiaining spiiiiual lnowlcdgc"' Tlcsc woids ol youis
coniiadici ilc sciipiuics.
Il ilis is said ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givc ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 50
siuiy-adi-balyasivac ca na badlal
siuii-ilc Siuii-sasiias; adi-bcginning wiil; balyasivai-bccausc ol bcing
siiongci; ca-and; na-noi; badlal-icluiaiion.
Also, ii is noi icluicd, loi ilc auiloiiiy ol ilc Siuii-sasiias and oilci sciipiuics
is gicaici.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Siuii-sasiia's dcclaiaiion, "libciaiion is aiiaincd by iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc" cannoi bc icluicd by oui opponcni's iwo sciipiuic quoics. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia dcclaics: "siuiy-adi-balyasivai" (loi ilc auiloiiiy ol ilc Siuii-
sasiias and oilci sciipiuics is gicaici). Tlis mcans, "loi ilc auiloiiiy ol
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad 3.S and oilci passagcs ol ilc Siuii-sasiias and oilci
sciipiuics is gicaici". Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) lcic mcans ilai ilcic aic
also passagcs wlcic ilis iiuil is linicd oi cxplaincd indiiccily. In ilc sciipiuics ii
is said:
indio 'svamcdlac claiam isivapi iaja
bialmanam dyam samuvacopasannal
na laimablii na dlanaii napi canyail
pasyci sullam icna iaiivam biavli
"Alici pciloiming a lundicd asvamcdla-yajnas, King India appioaclcd ilc
dcmigod lialma and said, Nciilci Vcdic iiiuals, noi giving claiiiy, noi any oilci
iling las madc mc lappy. Plcasc icll mc low I may scc lappincss.' "
In ilc sciipiuics ii is also said:
nasiy aliial liicna
"Hc wlo was ncvci boin is noi aiiaincd by Vcdic iiiuals."
As loi ilc six suiias (3.+.2-7) quoicd by ilc opponcni, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias
Himscll will icluic ilcm in suiias 3.+.S-1+. Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil)
mcans ilai many oilci sciipiuial passagcs may also bc quoicd. Tlc woid ca"
(also) again mcans ilai many moic siaicmcnis ol sciipiuic may bc quoicd io piovc
ilai spiiiiual lnowlcdgc upioois all pasi laimic icaciions. Tlc passagc bcginning
wiil ilc woids iam vidya" and ilc oilci passagcs quoicd by oui opponcni will all
bc icluicd in suiia 3.+.11 by ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias Himscll. In ilis way ii las
bccn piovcd ilai spiiiiual lnowlcdgc is ilc iiuc causc ol libciaiion.
Adhikarana 2+
Worshiping fhe SainfIy Devofees
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc discusscd ilc iiuil ilai libciaiion is aiiaincd by woisliping ilc
sainily dcvoiccs. In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (1.11.2) ii is said:
aiiili-dcvo blava
"Ticai a gucsi as il lc wcic a visiiing dcmigod."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc woislip ol sainily dcvoiccs a causc ol libciaiion oi is ii
noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Libciaiion is alicady availablc by ilc mcicy
ol ilc spiiiiual masici and ilc woislip ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Wlai nccd is ilcic io
woislip ilc sainily dcvoiccs'
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 51
anubandladiblyal
anubandla-icpcaicd insiiuciions; adiblyal-bcginning wiil.
lccausc ol many insiiuciions.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "anubandla" lcic mcans, "bccausc ol many insiiuciions dcclaiing
ilai onc slould woislip ilc sainily dcvoiccs". Tlc Taiiiiiya Upanisad's pliasc,
"iicai lim as il lc wcic a visiiing dcmigod" mcans "woislip lim". Tlis is so
bccausc by ilc mcicy ol gicai dcvoiccs onc aiiains libciaiion. Il ilis wcic noi so
ilcn ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad would noi lavc spolcn in ilis way. Many gicai sagcs
wlo lnow ilc iiuil lavc also iaugli ilis in ilc Smiii-sasiia. In Simad-
llagavaiam (5.12.12), Jada llaiaia cxplains:
ialuganaiiai iapasa na yaii
na ccjyaya niivapanad gilad va
na cclandasa naiva jalagni-suiyaii
vina malai-pada-iajo-'blisclam
"My dcai King Ralugana, unlcss onc las ilc oppoiiuniiy io smcai lis cniiic
body wiil ilc dusi ol ilc loius lcci ol gicai dcvoiccs, onc cannoi icalizc ilc
Absoluic Tiuil. Onc cannoi icalizc ilc Absoluic Tiuil simply by obsciving
cclibacy (bialmacaiya), siiicily lollowing ilc iulcs and icgulaiions ol louscloldci
lilc, lcaving lomc as vanapiasila, acccpiing sannyasa, oi undcigoing scvcic
pcnanccs in winici by lccping oncscll submcigcd in waici oi suiiounding oncscll
in summci by liic and ilc scoicling lcai ol ilc sun. Tlcic aic many oilci
pioccsscs io undcisiand ilc Absoluic Tiuil, bui ilc Absoluic Tiuil is only
icvcalcd io onc wlo las aiiaincd ilc mcicy ol a gicai dcvoicc."
In Simad-llagavaiam (11.12.1-2), Loid Kisna Himscll cxplains:
na iodlayaii mam yogo
na sanllyam dlaima uddlava
na svadlyayas iapas iyago
ncsia-puiiam na dalsina
viaiani yajnas clandamsi
iiilani niyama yamal
yailavaiundlc sai-sangal
saiva-sangapalo li mam
"My dcai Uddlava, nciilci iliougl asianga-yoga (ilc mysiic yoga io coniiol
ilc scnscs), noi iliougl impcisonal monism oi an analyiical siudy ol ilc Absoluic
Tiuil, noi iliougl siudy ol ilc Vcdas, noi iliougl piaciicc ol ausiciiiics, noi
iliougl claiiiy, noi iliougl acccpiancc ol sannyasa, noi iliougl many pious
dccds, noi iliougl giving dalsina, noi iliougl lollowing vows, noi iliougl
pciloiming many yajnas, noi iliougl claniing Vcdic lymns, noi iliougl visiiing
loly placcs, noi iliougl coniiolling ilc scnscs can onc biing Mc undci lis coniiol
as mucl as onc can by associaiing wiil sainily dcvoiccs. Tlcii associaiion liccs
onc liom ilc ioucl ol maiici."
Hcic Loid Kisna pcisonally icaclcs ilc impoiiancc ol associaiing wiil sainily
dcvoiccs. Tlc Loid lcic icaclcs a gicai sccici ol low io cngagc in dcvoiional
scivicc. Tlc woid adi" in ilis suiia indicaics ilai onc slould also visii loly placcs
ol pilgiimagc and onc slould avoid ilcy wlo commii blasplcmy. In Simad-
llagavaiam (1.2.16) ii is said:
susiusol siaddadlanasya
vasudcva-laila-iucil
syan malai-scvaya vipial
punya-iiila-niscvanai
"O iwicc-boin sagcs, by sciving ilosc dcvoiccs wlo aic complcicly liccd liom
all vicc, gicai scivicc is donc. ly sucl scivicc onc gains alliniiy loi lcaiing ilc
mcssagc ol Vasudcva."
In ilc Padma Puiana ii is said:
laiii cva sadaiadlyal
saiva-dcvcsvaicsvaial
iiaic bialma-iudiadya
navajncya ladacana
"Loid Kisna is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc masici ol all ilc
dcmigods, and Hc slould always bc woislipcd. Siill, onc slould ncvci disicspcci
lialma, Siva, and ilc oilci dcmigods."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc mcicy ol ilc spiiiiual masici and ilc associaiion
ol sainily dcvoiccs aic boil aiiaincd by ilc mcicy ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlcicloic ilc ical causc ol libciaiion is His mcicy. cvcn good loiiunc
docs noi lappcn indcpcndcnily. Tlai also is causcd by ilc Loid's mcicy. Indccd,
all aciions aic causcd by ilc Loid's mcicy, as was cxplaincd in suiia 2.3.39.
Tlcicloic ii is noi iigli io say ilai libciaiion is causcd by ilc mcicy ol ilc
spiiiiual masici oi by any causc oilci ilan ilc mcicy ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Lvcn ilougl ilcy aic ilcmsclvcs causcd by ilc Loid
Himscll, siill ilc spiiiiual masici's mcicy and ilc oilci causcs lilc ii aic also
causcs ol libciaiion in ilcii own iigli. Tlis was alicady cxplaincd in ilc passagc
bcginning wiil suiia 2.3.+0. Tlc iiuil is ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
bccomcs conqucicd by His dcvoiccs and Hc givcs ilcm ilc powci io giani His own
mcicy io oilcis. In ilis way ilc dcvoiccs aic indcpcndcni agcnis wlo can dclivci
ilc Loid's mcicy io oilcis. Wlcn ilc dcvoiccs givc ilcii mcicy io somconc, ilcn
ilc Supicmc Loid also givcs His mcicy io ilai pcison. In ilis way all sccming
coniiadiciions and ilc dillcicni passagcs ol ilc sciipiuics aic all icsolvcd.
Adhikarana 25
The Liberafed SouIs Have Differenf ReIafionships wifh fhe Supreme PersonaIify
of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (3.1+.1) ii is said:
aila llalu liaiumayal puiuso yaila liaiui asmil lolc puiuso blavaii iailcial
piciya blavaii sa liaium luivia.
"Man is mcani io woislip ilc Supicmc Loid. As onc woislips ilc Loid in ilis
lilc, so onc will aiiain Him alici dcail. Tlcicloic onc slould woislip ilc Loid."
Samsaya (doubi): Tlc woislip ol ilc Supicmc Loid is naiuially accompanicd
by ilc woislip ol ilc spiiiiual masici and ilc sainily dcvoiccs. Tlis woislip is is
ol many linds, somc liglci and somc lowci. Docs ilc liglci oi lowci lcvcl ol
onc's woislip lcad io a liglci oi lowci icsuli, oi docs ii noi lcad io a liglci oi
lowci icsuli'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc Mundala Upanisad (3.1.3) ii is said:
niianjanal paiam samyam upaiii
"Libciaicd souls aic all cqual."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai dillcicni lcvcls ol woislip do noi lcad
io dillcicni icsulis. Tiavclcis wlo cnici a ciiy by dillcicni pails do noi cnici
dillcicni ciiics. Tlcy cnici ilc samc ciiy. In ilc samc way, alilougl ilcy lavc
aiiaincd Him by dillcicni pails, ilc libciaicd souls scc ilc samc Supicmc Loid.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 52
piajnaniaia-piilaliva-vad disiis ca iad uliam
piajna-lnowlcdgc; aniaia-oilci; piilaliva-vaiiciy; vai-posscssing;
disiil-sigli; ca-and; iai-ilai; uliam-said.
As ilcic aic dillcicnccs ol lnowlcdgc, so also ilcic aic dillcicnccs in sigli.
Tlai is siaicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.21) ii is said:
vijnaya piajnam luivia
"Onc slould undcisiand ilc Supicmc, and ilus aiiain wisdom."

Hcic aic ilc woids "undcisianding" and wisdom". Tlc mcaning ol ilc liisi is
siiaigliloiwaid, bui ilc sccond ically mcans dcvoiional scivicc io ilc Loid. As
ilcic aic ilus dillcicni linds ol lnowlcdgc so also ilc dcvoiccs scc ilc Loid in
dillcicni ways.
Tlc suiia cxplains: "iad uliam" (ilai is siaicd). Tlcsc woids mcan, "ii is siaicd
ilai accoiding io ilc dcvoiccs' dillcicni linds ol woislip dillcicni liglci and
lowci icsulis aic obiaincd". Tlus accoiding io ilc way ilc Loid was woislipcd ilc
dcvoiccs scc ilc Loid in dillcicni ways. Tlis is icllccicd in ilcii libciaiion. Tlc
samcncss dcsciibcd abovc mcans ilai ilc libciaicd souls scc ilc samc Supicmc
Loid.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlai may bc. Howcvci, you say ilai wiiloui
lnowlcdgc onc cannoi scc ilc Loid and wiiloui liisi sccing ilc Loid onc cannoi
aiiain libciaiion. loil siaicmcni aic illogical. Wlcn ilc Supicmc Loid was
pcisonally picscni on ilc caiil many pcisons wlo lad no lnowlcdgc ncvciilclcss
saw Him and many wlo saw Him did noi aiiain libciaiion.
To ilis objcciion ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 53
na samanyad apy upalabdlci miiyu-van na li lolapaiiil
na-noi; samanyai-oidinaiy; apy-cvcn; upalabdlcl-ol pciccpiion; miiyu-
dcail; vai-lilc; na-noi; li-indccd; lola-ol ilc woild; apaiiil-aiiainmcni.
Noi by oidinaiy vision, as noi by dcail. Indccd noi. Tlcic is aiiainmcni ol ilai
woild.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "api" (also) is lcic uscd loi cmplasis. As mcicly dying docs noi
biing libciaiion, in ilc samc way oidinaiy sccing ol ilc Loid also docs noi biing
libciaiion. Wlai ilcn is ilc icsuli obiaincd by oidinaiy sccing ol ilc Loid' Tlc
suiia cxplains: "lolapaiiil" (ilcic is aiiainmcni ol ilai woild). Tlis is lilc Tlc
Vidyadlaia Sudaisana and ilc ling Niga, wlo boil aiiaincd oidinaiy sigli ol ilc
Loid and liom ilai aiiaincd ilc liglci maiciial woilds.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Did ilcy did noi aiiain libciaiion' Il ilis is said,
ilcn ilc suiia icplics, "na li" (indccd noi). Tlcy did noi. Tlcy aiiaincd a liglci
woild. Tlai is ilc mcaning. In ilc Naiayana Taniia ii is said:
samanya-daisanal lola
muliii yogyaima-daisanai
"ly sccing ilc Supicmc Loid wiil oidinaiy vision onc aiiains ilc liglci
maiciial woilds. ly sccing ilc Loid wiil spiiiiual vision onc aiiains libciaiion."
Tlis is ilc mcaning lcic. Tlcic aic iwo ways ol sccing. Onc is covcicd by
maiici and ilc oilci is noi covcicd by maiici. Tlc liisi way ol sccing ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aiiaincd by many pious dccds. Ii biings onc io
Svaigalola and ilc oilci liglci maiciial plancis.
Tlc sccond way ol sccing ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aiiaincd by
undcisianding ilc iiuil ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis way ol
sccing dcsiioys ilc subilc maiciial body (ol mind, iniclligcncc and lalsc cgo), givcs
onc a spiiiiual body lillcd wiil bliss, and malcs onc a dcai associaic ol ilc Loid.
In ilis way ii biings libciaiion. In ilis way cvciyiling is cxplaincd.
Tlc sagcs say ilai ilcy wlo aic lillcd by ilc Loid scc ilc Loid ai ilc momcni
ol ilcii dcail and in ilis way ilcy also bccomc libciaicd. Tlis occuis bccausc ilc
splcndoi ol ilc Loid's calia oi oilci wcapon dcsiioys ilcii subilc maiciial body
(ol mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo). Ii slould bc undcisiood ilai by sccing ilc
Loid ilcsc pcisons aiiain lovc loi Him. To say oilciwisc would coniiadici many
siaicmcnis ol ilc sciipiuics.
Adhikarana 26
How fo Affain Liberafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis scciion is bcgun io givc liim piool ilai by sccing ilc Loid wiil cycs ol
spiiiiual lnowlcdgc, onc aiiains libciaiion. In ilc Mundala Upanisad (3.2.3) and
Kaila Upanisad (1.2.23) ii is said:
nayam aima piavacancna lablyo
na mcdlaya na baluna siuicna
yam cvaisa vinuic icna lablyas
iasyaisa aima vivinuic ianum svam
"Tlc Supicmc Loid is noi aiiaincd by cxpcii cxplanaiions, by vasi iniclligcncc,
oi cvcn by mucl lcaiing. Hc is aiiaincd only by onc wlo Hc Himscll clooscs. To
sucl a pcison Hc manilcsis His own loim."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc Loid appcai bcloic a pcison only bccausc ilc Loid
clooscs io appcai oi docs Hc appcai bccausc ol a spccilic pcison's dcvoiion io Him
and icnunciaiion ol ilc maiciial woild'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): ilc Loid appcais only bccausc Hc clooscs
io appcai, loi ilai is wlai ilc sciipiuic says.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 5+
paicna ca sabdasya iadvidlyam bluyasivai iv anubandlal
paicna-by wlai lollows; ca-also; sabdasya-ol ilc woid; iadvidlyam-bcing
lilc ilai; bluyasivai-bccausc ol bcing moic impoiiani; iu-indccd;
anubandlal-wlai coiicsponds.
Accoiding io wlai lollows, ii is ilc samc. Ii is bccausc ol bcing moic impoiiani.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc siaicmcni lcic ilai ilc Loid appcais bcloic onc wlom Hc clooscs is
aciually ilc samc as ilc siaicmcni ilai ilc Loid is aiiaincd by dcvoiional scivicc.
Tlis is clcaily siaicd in ilc vcisc ilai immcdiaicly lollows ilis siaicmcni.
Tlcicloic ilc mcaning is noi ilai ilc Loid appcais only bccausc Hc clooscs io
appcai. Hcic is ilc vcisc ilai immcdiaicly lollows (Mundala Upanisad 3.2.+):
nayam aima bala-lncna lablyo
na ca piamadai iapaso vapy alingai
ciaii upayaii yaiaic yas iu vidvan
iasyaisa aima visaic bialma-dlama
"Tlc Supicmc Loid is noi aiiaincd by onc wlo las no spiiiiual siicngil, wlo is
wild oi caiclcss, oi wlosc ausiciiiics aic noi appiopiiaic. Tlc Loid appcais bcloic
a pcison wlo siiivcs by iigli mcans io aiiain Him. Sucl a pcison cnicis ilc
spiiiiual woild."
Tlc "iigli mcans" aic dcsciibcd in ilc bcginning ol ilis vcisc. Tlcy aic
spiiiiual siicngil, sobci caiclulncss, and appiopiiaic ausiciiiics. Tlc woid
"spiiiiual siicngil" lcic mcans "dcvoiional scivicc". Tlc Supicmc Loid Himscll
cxplains:
vasc luivanii mam blalial
sai-siiiyal sai-paiim yaila
"As laiillul wivcs coniiol ilcii sainily lusband, so My dcvoiccs biing Mc undci
ilcii coniiol."
In ilc llagavad-gia (S.22), ii is said:
puiusal sa paial paiila
blaliya lablyas iv ananyaya
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is gicaici ilan all, is aiiainablc by
unalloycd dcvoiion."
Hcic is ilc vcisc immcdiaicly lollowing ilc "nayam aima piavacancna" vcisc
wlcn ii appcais in ilc Kaila Upanisad (1.2.2+):
naviiaio duscaiiiai
nasanio nasamaliial
nasania-manaso vapi
piajnancnainam apnuyai
"Nciilci a pcison wlo las noi abandoncd sins, noi a pcison wlo is noi
pcacclul, noi a pcison wlo docs noi siiivc io aiiain Him, noi a pcison wlo docs
noi coniiol lis mind can, cvcn ilougl lc may bc vciy iniclligcni and lcaincd,
aiiain ilc Supicmc Loid."
A pcison wlo coniiols lis scnscs, acis in a sainily mannci, and mcdiiaics on
Loid Haii bccomcs ablc io scc Loid Haii diiccily. Tlcicloic onc slould cngagc in
ilc aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc. In ilis way ilc liisi and sccond siaicmcni
iogcilci mcan ilai ilc Supicmc Loid clooscs io icvcal Himscll io ilcy wlo
cngagc in His dcvoiional scivicc.
Tlc liisi siaicmcni is ilai ilc Loid clooscs wlo will aiiain Him. Tlc Loid
clooscs ilcy wlo plcasc Him and aic dcai io Him. Hc docs noi cloosc ilcy wlo
do noi plcasc Him. Hc is plcascd by ilcy wlo cngagc in His dcvoiional scivicc. Hc
is noi plcascd by ilcy wlo do noi cngagc in dcvoiional scivicc. Hc pcisonally
cxplains (llagavad-gia 7.17):
icsam jnan niiya-yulia
cla-blaliii visisyaic
piiyo li jnanino 'iyaiilam
alam sa ca mama piiyal
"Ol ilcsc, ilc onc wlo is in lull lnowlcdgc and wlo is always cngagcd in puic
dcvoiional scivicc is ilc bcsi. Ioi I am vciy dcai io lim, and lc is dcai io Mc."
In ilc Kaivalya Upanisad (2) ii is said:
siaddla-blalii-dlyana-yogad avcli
"Wiil dcvoiion, mcdiiaiion, and laiil onc slould iiy io undcisiand ilc
Supicmc."
Il ii wcic noi iiuc (ilai ilc Loid icvcals Himscll io ilcy wlo lovc and scivc
Him, and il insicad ii wcic iiuc ilai Hc icvcals Himscll only on a wlim io pcoplc
closcn ai iandom, and il Hc ilus did noi caic loi ilc lovc and dcvoiion ol ilcy
wlo scivc Him), ilcn onc migli jusily bccomc angiy wiil ilc Loid and claim ilai
Hc is unlaii.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il ilis is so ilcn wly docs ilc sciipiuic cxplain ilai
ilc Loid icvcals Himscll io ilcy wlom Hc clooscs' To ilis objcciion ilc suiia
icplics: "bluyasivai" (bccausc ol bcing moic impoiiani). Tlc woid "iu" (indccd)
in ilc suiia is uscd loi cmplasis. Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai ilc Loid's cloosing is
ilc mosi impoiiani aspcci in His diiccily appcaiing bcloic a pcison. Aciually ilc
Loid's cloosing is ilc lasi ol a clain ol causcs.
Hcic is ilc scqucncc ol cvcnis: Iiisi ilcic is associaiion wiil sainily dcvoiccs
and scivicc io ilcm. ly ilai scivicc onc lcains ilc iiuil ol ilc Supicmc Loid and
also aboui onc's own scll. Tlcn onc bccomcs disinicicsicd in wlaicvci las no
iclaiion io ilc Loid. Tlcn onc dcvclops dcvoiion and lovc loi ilc Loid. Tlai lovc
plcascs ilc Loid and malcs onc dcai io ilc Loid. Tlcn ilc Loid clooscs io icvcal
Himscll io ilai pcison.
Adhikarana 27
The Supreme Lord Resides in fhe Bodies of fhe Condifioned SouIs
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcy wlo wiil ilc mcllows ol sciviiudc, liicndslip, oi oilci mcllows, liom ilc
bcginning woislip ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad wlo always siays in ilc
spiiiiual sly, will aiiain ilai spiiiiual sly and ilcic ilcy will diiccily scc ilcii
Loid. Ii is sccn ilai somc oilcis, wlo aic siiuaicd in ilc mcllows ol ncuiialiiy
(sania-iasa), woislip ilc Supicmc Loid as picscni in ilcii bcllics and in oilci
paiis ol ilcii bodics.
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd) Many siaicmcnis in ilc sciipiuics dcsciibc
ilis woislip ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as picscni in ilc dcvoicc's
siomacl and oilci bodily oigans.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc woislip Loid Haii as picscni in onc's bclly and
oilci bodily oigans, oi slould onc noi woislip Him in ilis way'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Onc slould noi woislip Loid Haii as
picscni in onc's bclly and oilci bodily oigans, loi ilcsc ilings aic all maiciial.
Howcvci onc slould woislip ilc Loid as cicinally picscni in ilc spiiiiual sly.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 55
cla aimanal saiic blavai
clc-somc; aimanal-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; saiic-in ilc
body; blavai-bccausc ol cxisicncc.
Somc bccausc ol ilc Loid's cxisicncc in ilc body.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "clc" (somc) mcans "somc lollowcis ol ilc Vcdas". Tlc woid
"saiic" mcans, in ilc body", ilai is, "in ilc bclly, ilc lcaii, and ilc bialma-
iandlia". Tlc woid "aimanal" mcans ol Loid Visnu". Tlc pliasc "ilc woislip
ol Loid Visnu slould bc pciloimcd" is undcisiood lcic. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "blavai", wlicl mcans bccausc Hc cxisis ilcic". In ilc Nyaya-sasiia ii
is said:
allc ccn madlu vindcia
lim aiilam paivaiam viajci
"Il onc linds loncy in a ncaiby iicc, wly slould onc scaicl loi loncy in a
laiaway mouniain'"
Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai wlcn ilc Loid is plcascd (wlcn onc woislips Him as
picscni in ilc dcvoicc's body) and Hc will givc ilc dcvoicc icsidcncc in His own
abodc. In Simad-llagavaiam (10.S7.1S) ii is said:
udaiam upasaic ya isi-vaiimasu luipa-disal
paiisaia-paddlaiim lidayam aiunayo dalaiam
iaia udagad anania iava dlama siial paiamam
punai ila yai samciya na paianii liiania-mullc
"Among ilc lollowcis ol ilc mcilods sci loiil by gicai sagcs, ilosc wiil lcss
iclincd vision woislip ilc Supicmc as picscni in ilc icgion ol ilc abdomcn, wlilc
ilc Aiunis woislip" Him as picscni in ilc lcaii, in ilc subilc ccnici liom wlicl
all ilc pianic clanncls cmanaic. Iiom ilcic, O unlimiicd Loid, ilcsc woislipcis
iaisc ilcii consciousncss upwaid io ilc iop ol ilc lcad, wlcic ilcy can pciccivc
You diiccily. Tlcn, passing iliougl ilc iop ol ilc lcad iowaid ilc supicmc
dcsiinaiion, ilcy icacl ilai placc liom wlicl ilcy will ncvci again lall io ilis
woild, inio ilc mouil ol dcail."
Adhikarana 28
Differenf MeIIows in fhe SpirifuaI WorId
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Clandogya Upanisad 3.1+.1 and in oilci placcs in ilc sciipiuics, ilc
woislip ol ilc Loid in swccincss (madluiya) and ilc woislip ol ilc Loid in
opulcncc (aisvaiya) lavc bccn dcsciibcd. Also ii las bccn slown ilai ilc living
cniiiics, by cngaging in dcvoiional scivicc and associaiing wiil sainily dcvoiccs, by
ilc Loid's will aiiain Him as lc appcais in a spccilic loim wiil spccilic qualiiics, a
loim closcn by ilc dcvoicc. In ilis way ii is slown ilai ilcsc iwo lcaiuics ol ilc
Loid (swccincss and opulcncc) aic noi incompaiiblc wiil cacl oilci.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn ilc dcvoicc woislips ilc Loid as laving cciiain
qualiiics, docs ilc dcvoicc aiiain a loim ol ilc Loid laving ilosc qualiiics alonc oi
docs lc aiiain a loim ol ilc Loid laving oilci qualiiics also.
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Wlcilci ilc dcvoicc mcdiiaics on ilc Loid
in swccincss oi opulcncc, ilc dcvoicc will mcci a loim ol ilc Loid wlo las all ilc
qualiiics ol boil swccincss and opulcncc. Tlis is so bccausc wlcilci mcdiiaicd on
in swccincss oi opulcncc, ilc Loid icmains onc pcison.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 56
vyaiiiclas iad-blava-blaviivan na iupalabdli-vai
vyaiiiclal-dillcicncc; iai-ol ilai; blava-ol ilc naiuic; blaviivai-bccausc
ol ilc bcing; na-noi; iu-indccd; upalabdli-ol ilc undcisianding; vai-lilc.
Noi dillcicni, bccausc ol ilc naiuic ol ilc mcdiiaiion. Indccd, ii is lilc
lnowlcdgc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc suiia dcclaics ilai
oilci qualiiics aic noi manilcsicd. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "iad-blava-
blaviivai", wlicl mcans, "bccausc ol ilc naiuic ol ilc qualiiics ilai wcic ilc
objcci ol mcdiiaiion". Tlis mcans ilai wlcn onc aiiains ilc Loid, ilc Loid
appcais in ilc samc loim as was ilc objcci ol ilc dcvoicc's mcdiiaiion. Tlc woid
"upalabdli-vai" mcans "lilc lnowlcdgc". Tlis mcans, "Onc mccis a loim ol ilc
Loid lilc ilc loim onc lncw in lis mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid."
Lvcn ilougl ilc mcdiiaioi is awaic ilai ilc Loid las many oilci qualiiics, siill
wlcn ilc dcvoicc mccis ilc Loid ilc Loid will manilcsi only ilc qualiiics ilai
wcic includcd in ilc dcvoicc's mcdiiaiion and noi ilc Loid's oilci qualiiics. In
ilis way ilc dcsciipiion in Clandogya Upanisad 3.1+.1 is noi coniiadicicd.
In ilc lollowing suiia ilc auiloi givcs an cxamplc io slow ilai ilc dcvoicc
mccis a loim ol ilc Loid coiicsponding io wlai lad bccn ilc objcci ol ilc
dcvoicc's mcdiiaiion.
Sufra 57
angavabaddlas iu na sallasu li piaiivcdam
anga-paiis; avabaddlal-connccicd; iu-indccd; na-noi; sallasu-in ilc
bianclcs; li-indccd; piaiivcdam-accoiding io ilc Vcdas.
Indccd, cacl las lis paii accoiding io ilc dillcicni bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc pciloimci ol a yajna assigns dillcicni piicsis io pciloim ilc dillcicni paiis
ol ilc yajna. Tlc piicsis aic ilus namcd accoiding io ilc lunciion ilcy lullill in
ilc yajna.
Tlc pciloimci ol ilc yajna ilus iclls ilc piicsis, You bccomc ilc adlvaiyu
piicsi. You bccomc ilc loia piicsi. You bccomc ilc udgaia piicsi." In ilis way a
cciiain piicsi, cvcn ilougl lc is cxpcii in pciloiming all ilc dillcicni lunciions,
acccpis ilc limiicd iolc in ilc yajna. Hc docs noi pciloim all ilc lunciions in ilc
yajna. Ii is noi possiblc loi lim io pciloim all ilc lunciions in all ilc dillcicni
bianclcs ol ilc Vcdas.
Tlc duiics aic disiiibuicd among ilc dillcicni Vcdas. Tlc loia piicsi clanis
maniias ol ilc Rg Vcda, ilc adlvaiyu piicsi clanis maniias ol ilc Yajui Vcda, ilc
udgaia piicsi clanis maniias ol ilc Sama Vcda, and ilc bialma piicsi clanis
maniias ol ilc Ailaiva Vcda.
In ilis way, accoiding io ilc wisl ol ilc pcison pciloiming ilc yajna, ilc
dillcicni piicsis acccpi dillcicni iolcs in ilc yajna and dillcicni piicsily icwaids
(dalsina) also. In ilc samc way, accoiding io ilc wisl ol ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc
individual living cniiiics acccpi dillcicni iolcs in ilcii scivicc io ilc Loid and ilcy
also mcci ilc Loid in dillcicni ways accoiding io ilc iolcs ilcy play.
Now, io cxplain ilc mcllows ol mixcd cmoiions, wlicl wcic displaycd by
Uddlava and oilcis, and wlicl aic lcss plcasing, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
anoilci cxamplc.
Sufra 58
maniiadi-vad vaviiodlal
maniia-maniias; adi-bcginning; vai-lilc; va-oi; aviiodlal-noi a
coniiadiciion.
Oi, ilcic is no conllici, as in ilc casc ol maniias and oilci ilings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
ilc Loid's dcsiic lcic is io incicasc dcvoiion ol vaiious linds. Ii is lilc maniias.
As onc maniia may bc uscd in many iiiuals, anoilci maniia may bc limiicd io iwo
iiiuals, and anoilci maniia uscd in onc iiiual only, so ilc Loid cngagcs (His
dcvoiccs io woislip Him somc in many ways and somc in onc way only).
Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) in ilis suiia mcans "iimc and aciion". As ai
any givcn iimc somc iiccs may bc spiouiing lcavcs and llowcis and oilci iiccs may
bc slcdding ilcii lcavcs, and as ai any givcn iimc onc pcison may bc an inlani,
and anoilci a iccnagci, so (ai any givcn iimc ilc dillcicni dcvoiccs may scivc ilc
Loid in many dillcicni ways, cacl pcison aciing dillcicnily accoiding io ilc Loid's
wisl).
Tlc suiia cxplains, "vaviiodlal" (ilus ilcic is no conllici). Tlus alici
libciaiion a pcison will aiiain ilc samc iclaiionslip wiil ilc Loid ilai ilc pcison
dcsiicd wlilc woisliping Him bcloic ilc pcison bccamc libciaicd. In ilis way ii is
piovcd ilai qualiiics ilc Loid manilcsis io ilc libciaicd soul aic noi dillcicni liom
ilc qualiiics ilc soul mcdiiaicd on bcloic aiiaining libciaiion.
Adhikarana 29
The Differenf Feafures of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd) Now ilc lollowing icxis liom ilc Gopala-
iapan Upanisad will bc considcicd:
clo 'pi san baludla yo 'vablaii
"Alilougl Hc is onc, Loid Kisna appcais in many loims."
clam saniam baludla disyamanam
"Alilougl Hc is onc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad appcais io bc many."
aila lasmad ucyaic bialma
"Wly is Hc callcd ilc Supicmc'"
Hc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las many vciy dillcicni loims. In ilis way
Hc is lilc a vaiduiya jcwcl. Alilougl Hc is onc Hc las many dillcicni loims and
many dillcicni qualiiics.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc mcdiiaic on ilc laci ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad las many dillcicni loims and many dillcicni qualiiics, oi slould onc
noi mcdiiaic on ilis laci'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Loid's blisslulncss and oilci lilc
qualiiics slould always bc ilc objcci ol mcdiiaiion (as was cxplaincd in suiia
3.3.12). Howcvci, ilc pluialiiy ol loims coniiadicis ilc Loid's oncncss. Tlcicloic
ilc Loid's pluialiiy ol loims slould noi bc an objcci ol mcdiiaiion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 59
blumnal liaiu-vaj jayasivam iaila li daisayaii
blumnal-ol ilc pluialiiy; liaiu-yajna; vai-lilc; jayasivam-pic-cmincncc;
iaila-si; li-indccd; daisayaii-slows.
Lilc a yajna, pluialiiy is mosi impoiiani. So, indccd, ii icvcals.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Loid's pluialiiy ol loims is His mosi impoiiani lcaiuic. As yajnas slould
always bc pciloimcd, so ilc Loid's pluialiiy ol loims slould always bc an objcci ol
mcdiiaiion, loi ilis pluialiiy is an csscniial lcaiuic ol ilc Loid.
As in an agnisioma-yajna, liom iis bcginning uniil ilc avabliia ccicmony ai iis
cnd, ii icmains always a yajna, in ilc samc way among all ilc qualiiics ol ilc Loid,
His pluialiiy ol loims is always picscni and ol piimc impoiiancc. Tlc cvidcncc loi
ilis is givcn in ilis suiia in ilc woids, "iaila li daisayaii" (So, indccd, ilc
sciipiuics icvcal). In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.23.1) ii is said:
blumaiva sullam nalpc sullam asii
"Tlc bliss ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is in His abundani vaiiciy.
His bliss is noi picscni in a lacl ol vaiiciy."
Tlus ilc Loid's bliss and oilci qualiiics aic picscni in gicai abundancc and
gicai vaiiciy. Tlcy slould bc mcdiiaicd on in ilis way. Tlc sciipiuics icvcal ilis
ol ilcm. Tlc woid daisayaii" in. ilis suiia mcans, "ilcy icacl ilis in cvciy
ciicumsiancc". Wiiloui acccpiing ilc Loid's pluialiiy ol loims ii is noi possiblc io
acccpi ilai His aciions aic all cicinal.
Adhikarana 30
Differenf Medifafions on fhe Lord's Differenf Forms
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Samsaya (doubi): Aic+ ilcsc many loims ol ilc Loid woislipcd in onc way
only oi aic ilcic many ways io woislip ilcm'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc objcci ol woislip cciiainly
icmains onc, ilcic musi bc only way way io woislip Him.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 60
nana sabdadi-blcdai
nana-vaiiciy; sabda-woids; adi-bcginning; blcdai-bccausc ol ilc
dillcicncc.
Tlcy aic dillcicni bccausc ol dillcicni woids and oilci ilings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcic aic dillcicni linds ol woislip loi ilc dillcicni loims ol ilc Loid. Ioi
cacl loim ilcic is a dillcicni lind ol woislip. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
"sabdadi-blcdai" (bccausc ol dillcicni woids and oilci ilings). Tlis mcans,
bccausc ilc namcs ol Loid Nisimla and ilc Loid's oilci loims aic dillcicni, ilc
maniias loi woisliping ilcsc loims aic dillcicni, ilc loims ilcmsclvcs aic
dillcicni, and Tlcii aciiviiics aic also dillcicni". In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
liiam iicia dvapaiam ca
lalii iiy csu lcsaval
nana-vainablidlalaio
nanaiva vidlincjyaic
"In ilc Saiya, Ticia, Dvapaia, and Kali yugas, Loid Kisna appcais in dillcicni
loims wiil dillcicni colois and dillcicni namcs, loims ilai aic woislipcd in
dillcicni ways."
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc Loid's dillcicni loims aic woislipcd in
dillcicni ways.
Adhikarana 31
The Sfeadfasf Worship of fhe Lord
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai ilc loims ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bcginning wiil ilc
loim ol Loid Nisimla, slould bc woislipcd in ways ilai aic dillcicni loi cacl
loim las ilus bccn dcsciibcd.
Samsaya (doubi): Musi ilc woislipcis ol ilcsc vaiious loims mcdiiaic on all
ilc Loid's loims iogcilci, oi is sucl mcdiiaiion only opiional'
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 61
vilalpo 'visisila-plalaivai
vilalpal-opiion; avisisila-noi bciici; plalaivai-bccausc ol ilc icsuli.
Ii is opiional, loi a bciici icsuli is noi obiaincd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcy lavc an opiion. Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc Loid accoiding io ilc
iiuils iaugli by a paiiiculai communiiy ol sainily dcvoiccs. Onc slould icmain
sicadlasi in ilai loim ol woislip and noi lcavc ii. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
avisisila-plalaivai" (loi a bciici icsuli is noi obiaincd). Tlis mcans ilai ol all ilc
ways io woislip ilc Loid no onc way is bciici ilan ilc oilcis. Tlcy aic all cqual.
Tlcy aic all said io biing ilc samc icsuli, wlicl is ilai libciaiion wlcic onc
diiccily associaics wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Il by lollowing onc sucl mcilod ol woislip onc aiiains pcilcciion, wlai is ilc
nccd ol acccpiing anoilci mcilod ol woislip' Tlc lcsson iaugli in ilc suiia ilai
bcgins wiil ilc woids "iad vidusam" slould noi bc loigoiicn. Tlcicloic, in oidci
io givc moic cvidcncc io ilc iiuil ilai ilc clanii dcvoiccs aic ilc bcsi, ilis
insiiuciion is icpcaicd. Tlcic is no lauli in ilis.
Adhikarana 32
Worshiping fhe Lord To Affain a Specific Benedicfion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc dillcicni linds ol woislip ol ilc Loid's dillcicni loims, sucl as ilc loim ol
Loid Nisimla and ilc oilci loims, all biing libciaiion as ilcii icsuli. Tlcicloic
ilcsc aciiviiics ol woislip slould bc icgulaily pciloimcd by ilc clanii dcvoiccs.
Howcvci, in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad and oilci sciipiuics aic also dcsciibcd
oilci linds ol woislip ol ilc Loid, linds ol woislip mcani loi aiiaining lamc,
lollowcis, vicioiy, wcalil, and oilci lilc bcncdiciions.
Samsaya (doubi): May onc cloosc any loim ol ilc Loid loi sucl woislip, oi
musi onc diicci ilis lind ol woislip io onc's closcn dciiy alonc'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc woislip ol any loim ol ilc
Loid biings ilc samc icsuli as ilc woislip ol any oilci loim ol ilc Loid, onc
slould diicci ilis woislip io onc's closcn Dciiy alonc, as was picviously
cxplaincd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 62
lamyas iu yaila-lamam samuccycian na va puiva-lciv-ablavai
lamyal-loi ilc objccis ol dcsiic; iu-bui; yaila-as; lamam-dcsiic;
samuccycian-may collcci; na-noi; va-oi; puiva-picvious; lciu-icason;
ablavai-bccausc ol ilc non-cxisicncc.
Ioi aiiaining a dcsiic onc may acccpi anoilci oi noi, as onc wislcs, loi ilc
picvious icason is now abscni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
To lullill dcsiics oilci ilan diicci associaiion wiil ilc Supicmc Loid, dcsiics
lilc ilc aiiainmcni ol lamc in ilis woild, onc may woislip any loi ol ilc Loid, as
onc wislcs, oi onc nccd noi (woislip anoilci loim ol ilc Loid, and may insicad
io coniinuc io woislip onc's own closcn Dciiy). Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains:
"puiva-lciv-ablavai" (loi ilc picvious icason is now abscni). Tlis is is so bccausc
ilc icsuli io bc obiaincd is dillcicni. Wlcn ilcic is a dcsiic io aiiain ilcsc vaiious
maiciial bcncdiciion, ilcn onc may woislip any loim ol ilc Loid. Wlcn onc docs
noi dcsiic ilcsc maiciial bcncliis, onc may noi adopi ilc woislip ol loims ol ilc
Loid oilci ilan onc's closcn Dciiy.
Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai il onc wlo dcsiics libciaiion also dcsiics somc
maiciial bcncdiciion, ilcn lc slould woislip Loid Haii alonc in oidci io aiiain ii.
Hc slould noi woislip ilc dcmigods io aiiain lis dcsiic. Tlis is cxplaincd by
Simad-llagavaiam (2.3.10) in ilc lollowing woids:
alamal saiva-lamo va
molsa-lama udaia-dll
ivicna blalii-yogcna
yajcia puiusam paiam
"A pcison wlo las bioadci iniclligcncc, wlcilci lc bc lull ol all maiciial
dcsiic, oi dcsiiing libciaiion, musi by all mcans woislip ilc supicmc wlolc, ilc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlus lavc bccn cxplaincd ilc vaiious linds ol woislip ol ilc Loid, linds ol
woislip bcginning wiil ilc claniing ol ilc icn-syllablc maniia. As cxplaincd
bcloic, ilis woislip slould bc diiccicd io onc's closcn Dciiy.
Adhikarana 33
Medifafion on fhe Form of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc picvious passagcs mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid's qualiiics and viiiucs las bccn
dcsciibcd. Now will bc dcsciibcd mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid's bodily limbs and
lcaiuics. In Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.3S), ilc dcmigod lialma cxplains:
iam clam govindam sac-cid-ananda-vigialam panca-padam vindavana-suia-
bluiula-ialasnam saiaiam sa-maiud-gano 'lam paiamaya siuiya iosayami.
"Wiil cloqucni piaycis I and ilc Maiuis plcasc Loid Govinda, wlosc loim is
cicinal and lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss, wlo siays undci a dcsiic iicc in
Vindavana, and wlo is ilis livc-woid maniia."
In ilc vcisc ilai lollow lialma spcals piaycis dcsciibing ilc gcnilc smilc,
mcicilul glancc, and oilci lcaiuics on ilc Supicmc Loid's lacc, cycs, and oilci
paiis ol ilc body.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc gcnilc smilc and oilci lcaiuics on ilc Loid's lacc and
ilc oilci paiis ol His body io bc mcdiiaicd on oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc by mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid's gcncial
qualiiics and viiiucs onc aiiains ilc goal ol lilc, and bccausc ilai goal ilus aiiaincd
is so gicai and cxalicd, ilcic is no nccd io mcdiiaic on ilc lcaiuics ol ilc Loid's
body.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 63
angcsu yailasiaya-blaval
angcsu-on ilc limbs; yaila-as; asiaya-slclici; blaval-naiuic.
Appiopiiaic mcdiiaiion on ilc limbs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Onc slould appiopiiaicly mcdiiaic on ilc Loid's mouil and ilc oilci paiis ol
His body. Tlis mcans ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc qualiiics ilai lavc ialcn
slclici ol ilc paiis ol ilc Loid's body. Tlus, on ilc Loid's mouil ilcic aic a
gcnilc smilc and swcci woids, on His cycs ilcic is a mcicilul glancc, and on ilc
oilci paiis ol His body ilcic aic oilci lcaiuics.
Sufra 6+
sisiais ca
sisiail-by ilc disciplcs; ca-and.
Also by ilc disciplcs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.51) ii is said:
aila laivam siuiiblii aiadlayami iaila yuyam panca-padam japanial lisnam
dlyayanial samsiiim iaiisyaila.
"lialma said: As I woislip Him, so slould you. Claniing ilis livc woid
maniia, and mcdiiaiing on Loid Kisna, you will iiansccnd ilc woild ol biiil and
dcail."
In ilis way lialma icaclcs lis disciplcs io mcdiiaic on ilc qualiiics picscni in
Loid Kisna's loim. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Hcic somconc may objcci: In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (1.6.7) ii is said:
yaila lapyasam pundailam cvam alsin
"Tlc Supicmc Loid's cycs aic lilc loius llowcis."
Hcic ilcic is no mcniion ol ilc Loid's mcicilul glancc oi His oilci lcaiuics.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 65
samalaiai
samalaiai-bccausc ol bcing collcciivc.
lccausc ol bcing iogcilci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "na" (ii is noi so) slould bc addcd lcic liom ilicc suiias picvious.
Tlc woid applics io boil suiias. In ilis passagc ol Clandogya Upanisad many
oilci lcaiuics ol ilc Loid's body aic implicd. Tlis passagc docs noi mcan ilai ilc
Loid las only loius cycs and no oilci bodily lcaiuics.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc idca ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc paiis ol
ilc Loid's body as laving only cciiain aiiiibuics and noi oilcis is wiong. I icluic
ii wiil ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 66
guna-sadlaianya-siuics ca
guna-ol qualiiics; sadlaianya-commonncss; siuicl-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia;
ca-also.
Also bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai ilc qualiiics aic lcld in common.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In llagavad-gia (13.1+) ii is said:
saivaial pani-padam iai
"Lvciywlcic aic His lands and lcgs."
Tlis passagc slows ilai onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc paiis ol ilc Loid's body as
all laving ilc samc qualiiics in common. In lialma-samliia (5.32) ii is said:
angani yasya salalcndiiya-viiiimanii
pasyanii panii lalayanii iaila jaganii
"Lacl ol ilc limbs ol ilc Loid's iiansccndcnial liguic posscsscs in Himscll ilc
lull-llcdgcd lunciions ol all oigans and cicinally sccs, mainiains, and manilcsis ilc
inliniic univciscs, boil spiiiiual and mundanc."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics dcclaic ilai cacl paii ol ilc Loid's body las all ilc
qualiiics ol all ilc oilci paiis.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics ilis idca.
Sufra 67
na va iai-sala-blavasiuicl
na-noi; va-oi; iai-ilai; sala-iogcilci; blava-bcing; a-noi; siuicl-
liom ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Oi noi, loi ilc Siuii-sasiia docs noi dcclaic ilai ilcy lavc ilc samc naiuic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "va" (oi) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Onc slould noi mcdiiaic on ilc
dillcicni paiis ol ilc Loid's body as all laving ilc samc lcaiuics in common. Wly
is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "iai-sala-blavasiuicl" (loi ilc Siuii-sasiia docs noi
dcclaic ilai ilcy lavc ilc samc naiuic). Tlis mcans ilai ilc Siuii-sasiia docs noi
dcclaic ilai ilc qualiiics ol onc paii ol ilc body aic picscni in ilc oilci paiis.
Also, onc slould noi mcdiiaic on ilc paiis ol ilc Loid's body as laving ilc samc
qualiiics as ilc oilci paiis. Tlc dcsciipiions in llagavad-gia 13.1+ and oilci
passagcs in ilc sciipiuics slould bc undcisiood io mcan ilai ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bcing all-powcilul, can do anyiling wiil any paii ol His
body. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra 68
daisanac ca
daisanai-liom sccing; ca-also.
ly sccing also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcicloic ilc Loid's gcnilc smilc slould bc undcisiood io bc picscni in His
lacc and His oilci qualiiics io bc picscni in ilc oilci paiis ol His body, cacl in iis
appiopiiaic placc. In ilis way ii is boil sccn and dcsciibcd.
Pada +
Adhikarana 1
TranscendenfaI KnowIedge
Invocaiion by Sila laladcva Vidyablusana
siaddlavcsa-manyasiiic sac-clamadyaii
vaiiagyodviiii-simlasanadlyc
dlaima-pialaianciic saiva-daii
picsila visnoi blaii vidycsvaiyam
In ilc icmplc ol laiil, wlicl is suiioundcd by ilc gicai walls ol icligion, siiiing
on ilc ilionc ol icnunciaiion and suiioundcd by couiiicis ol scll-coniiol and
oilci viiiucs, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, wlicl is vciy dcai io Loid Visnu, slincs
wiil gicai splcndoi.
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc picvious pada ilc vaiious aspccis ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, wlicl
wcic ilcic callcd mcdiiaiion, woislip, and oilci namcs, wcic icvcalcd. In ilis
pada will bc icvcalcd ilc iiuils ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is indcpcndcni ol
Vcdic iiiuals, ilai Vcdic iiiuals aic mcicly onc suboidinaic aspcci ol
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, ilai pcisons wlo lavc aiiaincd iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc aic dividcd inio ilicc classcs, and oilci iiuils ilai aic lilc ilcsc.
Accoiding io ilcii dillcicni linds ol laiil ilcic aic ilicc linds ol scclcis ol
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlcy aic dcsciibcd as lollows.
1. Tlcy wlo, dcsiiing io scc ilc wondcis ol ilc liglci plancis, laiillully
pciloim ilc duiics ol vainasiama-dlaima, aic callcd sanisila. 2. Tlcy wlo,
dcsiiing io cnjoy ilc ilings ol ilis woild, laiillully pciloim ilc duiics ol
vainasiama-dlaima, aic callcd paiinisiliia. Tlcy wlo aic in ilcsc iwo classcs aic
all lollowcis ol vainasiama-dlaima. 3. Oilcis, puiilicd by iiuillulncss, ausiciiiy,
japa, and oilci spiiiiual piaciiccs, lavc no maiciial dcsiic, aic callcd niiapclsa.
Tlcy aic in ilis class aic noi lollowcis ol vainasiama-dlaima. In ilis way ilcic aic
ilicc linds ol scclcis ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Iiisi will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is indcpcndcni ol oilci ilings. In ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (7.1.3) ii is said:
iaiaii solam aima-vii
"Onc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc ciosscs bcyond giicl."
In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1.1) ii is said:
bialma-vid apnoii paiam
"Onc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc cnicis ilc spiiiiual abodc."
In ilc Kaila Upanisad (1.2.16) ii is said:
ciad dly cvalsaiam jnaiva yo yadcclaii iasya iai
"ly undcisianding ilc immoiial onc aiiains wlaicvci lc dcsiics."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs iiansccndcnial biing only libciaiion, oi can ii also biing
clcvaiion io ilc liglci maiciial plancis'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): A pcison wisc wiil iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc las no maiciial dcsiics. Ioi ilis icason iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
biings only libciaiion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 1
puiusaiilo 'ial sabdad iii badaiayanal
puiusaiilal-ilc loui goals ol lilc; aial-liom ilis; sabdai-liom ilc Siuii-
sasiia; iii-ilus; badaiayanal-Vyasa.
Tlc lullillmcni ol luman aspiiaiions comcs liom ii, loi ilis is said in ilc Siuii-
sasiia. Tlai is Vyasa's opinion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
All ilc goals ol luman lilc aic aiiaincd by iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlai is
ilc opinion ol Loid Vyasa. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "sabdaai" (loi ilis is
said in ilc Siuii-sasiia). Tlcsc sciipiuial icxis lavc bccn quoicd in ilc picvious
paiagiapls. Plcascd by His dcvoicc's aiiainmcni ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad givcs Himscll io His dcvoicc. Plcascd by His
dcvoicc's aiiainmcni ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, wlicl is lilc a companion io
ilc iiiuals ol ilc Vcdas, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad also lullills ilc
maiciial dcsiics ol ilcy, lilc ol Kaidama Muni and oilcis, wlo lavc sucl dcsiics.
In ilc ncxi suiia Jaimini Muni iaiscs an objcciion.
Adhikarana 2
KnowIedge aIone cannof give Iiberafion
Sufra 2
scsaivai puiusaiila-vado yailanycsv iii jaiminil
scsaivai-bccausc ol bcing suboidinaic; puiusa-ol ilc pcoplc; aiila-vadal-
woids; yaila-as; anycsu-in oilcis; iii-ilus; jaiminil-Jaimini.
lccausc ii is suboidinaic, ilc woids aboui luman aspiiaiions aic only woids ol
piaisc, lilc piaiscs ol oilci ilings also. Tlai is Jaimini's opinion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Knowing ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn limscll, ilc woislipci, and ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc objcci ol woislip, ilc individual living cniiiy
voluniaiily cngagcs in ilc aciiviiics ol woislip ilai lavc alicady bccn dcsciibcd
lcic. As a icsuli ol ilcsc aciiviiics ilc individual living cniiiy bccomcs licc ol sin
and aiiains libciaiion by cniciing ilc spiiiiual woild. Somc cxamplcs ol woids ol
cxaggciaicd piaisc aic givcn in ilc lollowing woids ol ilc Jaimini-suiia:
yasya painamay jului blavaii na sa papam slolam sinoii yadanlic calsui cva
bliaiivyasya vinlic
"Hc wlosc saciilicial ladlc is madc ol paina ncvci lcais sinlul woids. Hc wlosc
cycs aic anoinicd is pioiccicd liom lis cncmics.
yai-piayajanuyaja ijyanic vaima va ciad yajnasya
"Hc wlo malcs ilc piayaja and anuyaja ollciings is pioiccicd by an aimoi ol
yajna."
Jaimini givcs ilis dcsciipiion ol ilcsc woids ol piaisc:
diavya-samslaia-laimasu paiaiilaivai plala-siuiii aiila-vadal syai
"lccausc ilcy aic aciually mcani io dcsciibc oilci ilings, ilc dcsciipiion ol
bcncliis obiaincd liom saciilicial paiaplcinalia and saciilicial aciions aic in iiuil
only cmpiy piaiscs."
Tlc Siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai a louscloldci wlo iliougloui lis cniiic lilc is
scll-coniiollcd and viiiuous and wlo icgulaily pciloims yajnas and oilci spiiiiual
duiics, ai ilc cnd aiiains ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is dcsciibcd in
ilc lollowing woids ol Clandogya Upanisad (S.15.1):
acaiya-lulad vcdam adliya yaila-vidlanam guiol laimaiiscscnablisamaviiya
luiumbc sucau dcsc svadlyayam adliyano dlaimilan vidadlaimani saivcndiiyani
sampiaiisilapyalimsan saiva-bluiany anyaiia iiilcblyal sa llalv cvam vaiiayan
yavad ayusam bialmalolam ablisampadyaic na ca punai avaiiaic.
"Iiom ilc acaiyas onc slould lcain ilc Vcdas. Onc slould pciloim lis duiics
and also ollci dalsina io lis spiiiiual masici. Tlcn onc slould acccpi lousclold
lilc, livc in a puic way, siudy ilc Vcdas, pciloim lis icligious duiics, cngagc all lis
scnscs in ilc Supicmc Loid's scivicc, noi laim any living bcing, and go on
pilgiimagc io loly placcs. A pcison wlo passcs lis lilc in ilis way gocs io ilc
spiiiiual woild. Hc docs noi iciuin io ilis woild ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail."
In ilc Visnu Puiana (3.S.9) ii is said:
vainasiamacaiavaia
puiuscna paial puman
visnui aiadlyaic panila
nanyai iai-iosa-laianam
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Loid Visnu, is woislipcd by ilc piopci
cxccuiion ol picsciibcd duiics in ilc sysicm ol vaina and asiama. Tlcic is no
oilci way io saiisly ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Onc musi bc siiuaicd in
ilc insiiiuiion ol ilc loui vainas and asiamas."
Many oilci sciipiuial passagcs may also bc quoicd io piovc ilis poini.
Sciipiuial passagcs ilai cncouiagc icnunciaiion ol Vcdic iiiuals and pious dccds
aic mcani loi ilcy wlo aic ciipplcd and ilus unablc io pciloim ilcsc dccds.
In ilc ncxi suiia Jaimini alliims ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is a suboidinaic
aspcci ol Vcdic iiiuals and pious dccds.
Sufra 3
acaia-daisanai
acaia-ol dccds; daisanai-bccausc ol sccing.
lccausc sucl dccds aic sccn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.1.1) ii is said:
janalo vaidclo balu-dalsincna yajncncjc
"Janala, ilc ling ol Vidcla, pciloimcd a gicai yajna and gavc vciy opulcni
dalsina."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (5.11.5) ii is said:
yalsamano la vai blagavanio 'lam asmi
"Tlc sainily ling said: Soon I slall pciloim a gicai yajna."
In ilis way ii is sccn ilai cvcn gicai sainis lcaincd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
siill lad io pciloim Vcdic yajnas. Tlcicloic iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc alonc is noi
sullicicni io biing ilc pcilcciion ol lilc. Hcic ilc adagc, "Il loncy is lound in a iicc
in onc's own couiiyaid, wly slould onc iiavcl ovci mouniains scaicling loi ii'" is
appiopiiaic.
Sufra +
iac cliuicl
iai-ilai; cliuicl-bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Ii is so bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (1.1.S) ii is said:
yad cva vidyaya laioii siaddlayopanisada iad cva viyavaiiaiam blavaii
"Wlcn onc woislips ilc Loid wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, wiil laiil, and
wiil ilc icaclings ol ilc Upanisads, lis woislip bccomcs vciy powcilul and
cllcciivc."
lccausc ii is lcic said "wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc", ilc suboidinaic naiuic
ol ilai lnowlcdgc is clcaily sccn.
Sufra 5
samanvaiamblanai
samanvaiamblanai-bccausc ol bcing iogcilci.
lccausc ol bcing iogcilci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.2) ii is said:
iam vidya-laiman samanvaiablcic puiva-piajna ca
"Ai ilc iimc ol dcail a pcison's lnowlcdgc, dccds, and conccpi ol lilc combinc
io dciciminc lis luiuic."
Tlis passagc slows ilai lnowlcdgc and pious dccds boil iogcilci dciciminc
ilc soul's luiuic.
Sufra 6
iadvaio vidlanai
iadvaial-lilc ilai; vidlanai-bccausc ol ilc iulc.
lccausc ol a iulc lilc ilai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Taiiiiiya-samliia ii is said:
bialmisilo bialma daisa-pauinamasayos iam vinic
"To pciloim ilc daisa and pauinamasa iiics, lc clooscs a piicsi lcaincd in ilc
scicncc ol ilc Supicmc."
Tlus ii is clcaily sccn ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is only a suboidinaic paii
ol ilc Vcdic iiiuals, loi sucl lnowlcdgc only qualilics onc io bc a piicsi.
Sufra 7
niyamac ca
niyamai-bccausc ol a iulc; ca-also.
Also bccausc ol a iulc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Isopanisad (maniia 2) ii is said:
luivann cvcla laimani
jijviscc claiam samal
cvam ivayi nanyailcio 'sii
na laima lipyaic naic
"Onc may aspiic io livc loi lundicds ol ycais il lc coniinuously gocs on
woiling in ilai way, loi ilai soii ol woil will noi bind lim io ilc law ol laima.
Tlcic is no alicinaiivc io ilis way loi man."
Tlis vcisc givcs ilc oidci ilai cvcn a man wisc wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
slould pciloim Vcdic yajnas and pious dccds loi as long as lc livcs. Tlis vcisc
clcaily icluics ilc siaicmcnis ilai cncouiagc ilc icnunciaiion ol Vcdic iiiuals oi
ilai claim ilai onc las ilc opiion io pciloim oi icnouncc Vcdic iiiuals. Tlis is so
bccausc sciipiuial siaicmcnis cncouiaging icnunciaiion aic mcani loi ilosc wlo
aic ciipplcd oi oilciwisc unablc io pciloim Vcdic iiiuals. In ilc Taiiiiiya
lialmana ii is said:
viala va csa dcvanam yo 'gnim udvasayaic
"Hc wlo docs noi ollci oblaiions in ilc sacicd liic loi ilc dcmigods bccomcs
sinlul lilc a man wlo lills lis own clildicn."
In ilis way icnunciaiion ol Vcdic iiiuals is loibiddcn.
In ilcsc woids ilc idca ilai bccausc ii is a suboidinaic paii ol Vcdic iiiuals,
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is noi indcpcndcni is giving spiiiiual bcnclii is
advanccd. Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics ilis idca in ilc lollowing woids.
Adhikarana 3
The Superiorify of TranscendenfaI KnowIedge
Sufra 8
adlilopadcsai iu badaiayanasyaivam iad-daisanai
adlila-moic; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling; iu-bui; badaiayanasya-ol
Vyasa; cvam-ilus iai-ol ilai; daisanai-bccausc ol ilc icvclaiion ol sciipiuic.
lui bccausc Vyasa icaclcs ilai ii is moic impoiiani and also bccausc ol ilc
sciipiuics' icvclaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc puivapalsa. Tlc
iiuil is ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is moic impoiiani ilan Vcdic iiiuals. Wly
is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "upadcsai iu badaiayanasyaivam" (bccausc Vyasa
icaclcs ilai ii is moic impoiiani). Vyasa's opinion lcic cannoi bc upiooicd, loi
ilc suiia cxplains: iad-daisanai" (also bccausc ol ilc sciipiuics' icvclaiion). In
ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) ii is said:
iam ciam vcdanuvacancna bialmana vividisanii bialmacaiycna iapasa siaddlaya
yajncnanasalcna caiiam cva vidiiva munii blavaiy cvam cva piaviajino lolam
ablpsanial piaviajanii.
"ly Vcdic siudy, cclibacy, ausiciiiy, laiil, yajna, and lasiing, ilc bialmanas
siiivc io undcisiand Him. Onc wlo undcisiands Him bccomcs wisc. Dcsiiing io
iiavcl io His iiansccndcnial woild, ilc bialmanas bccomc wandciing sannyass."
Tlis passagc slows ilai Vcdic iiiuals biing ilc icsuli ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, and wlcn ilai lnowlcdgc is aiiaincd, ilc Vcdic iiiuals aic abandoncd.
lccausc ilc mcilod ol aiiainmcni (Vcdic iiiuals) lcic is abandoncd ai a cciiain
siagc, ilcicloic ilc icsuli (iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc) ilcsc mcilods biing is moic
impoiiani ilan ilc mcilods ilcmsclvcs.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is sccn ilan many sainis wlo aic mosi wisc wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc siill pciloim Vcdic iiiuals. Tlcicloic iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc and Vcdic iiiuals aic boil cqually impoiiani.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icluics ilis idca.
Sufra 9
iulyam iu daisanam
iulyam-cqual; iu-bui; daisanam-sciipiuial; icvclaiion.
lui ilc samc iling is sccn in ilc sciipiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) lcic is uscd io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc idca ilai
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is an inlciioi by-pioduci ol ilc pciloimancc ol Vcdic
iiiuals. Tlc suiia cxplains ilai ilcic is cqual sciipiuial cvidcncc io slow ilai
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is noi suboidinaic io Vcdic iiiuals. In ilc lilad-
aianyala Upanisad ii is said:
ciad dla sma vai vidvamsa alui isayal laiaycyal lim aiila vayam adlycsyamalc
lim aiila vayam yalsamalc ciad dla sma vai puivc vidvamso 'gni-loiiam
julavam caliiic ciam vai iam aimanam vidiiva bialmanal puiia-pausayas ca
viiicsanayas ca lolaisanayas ca vyuiilaya blilsa-caiyam caianii.
"Tlc wisc sagcs aslcd, Wly do wc siudy ilc Vcdas' Wly do wc pciloim
yajnas'' Tlcn ilc sagcs sioppcd pciloiming agniloiia-yajnas. Lcaining ilc iiuil
aboui ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc bialmanas icnounccd all dcsiic io
aiiain sons, giandsons, wcalil, oi anyiling clsc in ilis woild. Tlcy bccamc
sannyas bcggais iiavcling lcic and ilcic."
In many placcs ilc sciipiuics dcsciibc many gicai souls lcaincd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc wlo icnounccd all Vcdic iiiuals. Tlcsc siaicmcnis ol
sciipiuic do noi coniiadici ilc dcsciipiions ol gicai souls pciloiming Vcdic
iiiuals, loi many gicai souls pciloimcd Vcdic iiiuals, ciilci io puiily ilcmsclvcs oi
io sci a good cxamplc loi ilc woild io lollow.
In ilc ncxi suiia Vyasa icluics ilc aigumcni givcn in suiia +.
Sufra 10
asaivaiiil
asaivaiiil-noi univcisal.
Ii is noi univcisal.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc passagc (Clandogya Upanisad 1.1.S) iclciicd io in suiia + docs noi lavc
all iiansccndcnial as iis scopc. Ii iclcis ilc udgila-vidya. Tlcicloic all
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is noi a suboidinaic aspcci ol Vcdic iiiuals.
(In ilc ncxi suiia Vyasa icluics ilc aigumcni givcn in suiia 5.)
Sufra 11
viblagal saia-vai
viblagal-division; saia-a lundicd; vai-lilc.
Tlc disiiibuiion is lilc a lundicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc icsulis ol Vcdic yajnas and iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, as dcsciibcd in
lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.2 (quoicd in suiia 5), aic aciually dillcicni.
Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc biings onc icsuli and Vcdic yajnas biing a dillcicni
icsuli. In ilis suiia ilc cxamplc ol a lundicd is givcn. A cow and a goai may bc
puiclascd loi a lundicd coins. Tlc cow cosi ninciy coins and ilc goai cosi icn
coins. Tlc cosi was noi cqually dividcd wiil cacl cosiing liliy coins. In ilc samc
way iiansccndcnial and Vcdic yajnas (combinc io dciciminc ilc luiuic ol ilc
individual soul) bui ilcy do noi lavc ilc samc inllucncc in dcicimining ii.
In ilc ncxi suiia Vyasa icluics ilc aigumcni givcn in suiia 6.
Sufra 12
adlyayana-maiia-vaial
adlyayana-siudy; maiia-only; vaial-ol onc wlo posscsscs.
Ol onc wlo las mcicly siudicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc passagc (liom ilc Taiiiiiya-samliia, quoicd in suiia 6) siaics ilai a pcison
wlo las siudicd ilc Vcdas slould bc closcn as a piicsi. Ii docs noi mcan ilai ilc
piicsi musi bc advanccd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad and ilcicloic iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is a suboidinaic paii ol ilc
Vcdic iiiuals. Tlc woid bialmisila" in ilai passagc mcans, "onc wlo is lcaincd
in ilc Vcdas". Ii docs noi mcan "onc wlo is wisc wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad", loi ilc Siuii-sasiias dcclaic ilai a pcison
lixcd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc icnounccs Vcdic iiiuals.
Tlcicloic a pcison wlo piopcily siudics ilc Vcdas, docs noi misinicipici iis
woids, and docs noi dcsiic io gain anyiling maiciial as a icsuli ol lis siudy, is said
io bc bialmisila" (lcaincd in ilc Vcdas). Tlc allix isila" las ilai mcaning lcic.
Somc claim ilai ilc woid mcans ilai ilc piicsi musi bc a lnowci ol ilc Supicmc
and ilcicloic ilis passagc is mcani io piaisc ilc gloiics ol Vcdic yajnas.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Onc wlo las simply siudicd is noi qualilicd io
pciloim Vcdic yajnas. Onc musi lavc lnowlcdgc also. Siudying ilc Vcdas docs
noi mcan simply icading ilcm. Ii mcans undcisianding ilcm. lccausc ilc
Upanisads aic paiis ol ilc Vcdas, ii musi bc undcisiood ilai onc wlo undcisiands
ilc Vcdas undcisiands ilc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad also. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is only onc suboidinaic aspcci ol ilc Vcdic
yajnas.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn I icply: Onc is noi siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc mcicly by undcisianding ilc mcanings ol ilc woids in ilc Vcdas, bui
only wlcn onc diiccily sccs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll. Mcicly
by undcisianding ilc mcaning ol ilc scnicncc, "Honcy is swcci" onc docs noi
lavc diicci pciccpiion ol iis swccincss. Il ilis wcic so ilcn mcicly by
undcisianding ilcsc woids onc would bc ablc io iasic loncy. Ol couisc onc docs
noi iasic loncy in ilis way. Oncc, wlcn aslcd, Naiada Muni dcclaicd ilai, cvcn
ilougl lc lncw ilc Rg Vcda and many oilci sciipiuics, siill lc did noi
undcisiand ilc Supicmc. Hc said:
so 'lam maniia-vid cvasmi naima-vii
"I lnow many maniias, bui I do noi lnow ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
Tlcicloic, woislip ol ilc Loid is somciling dillcicni liom mcic acadcmic
lnowlcdgc ol ilc Vcdas. Tlcicloic gcnuinc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc mcans
diicci pciccpiion ol ilc Loid, a pciccpiion aiiaincd by cngaging in dcvoiional
scivicc. Tlis lnowlcdgc biings wiil ii ilc aiiainmcni ol ilc ical goal ol luman
lilc. In ilc Taiiiiiya Aianyala (Mala-Naiayana Upanisad 10.6, and Mundala
Upanisad 3.2.6) ii is said:
vcdania-vijnana-sunisciiaiilal
sannyasa-yogai yaiayal suddlaival
ic bialmalolc iu paiania-lalc
paiamiiai paiimucyanii saivc
"Wisc wiil ilc lnowlcdgc iaugli in ilc Vcdas, icnounccd, and puic in lcaii,
ilc gicai souls go io lialmalola. Wlcn ilc iimc comcs loi ilc univcisc's cnd,
ilcy all bccomc libciaicd and go io ilc spiiiiual woild."
Tlcicloic icnunciaiion ol ilc woild and acadcmic lnowlcdgc ol ilc Vcdas aic
boil suboidinaic paiis ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc. In Simad-
llagavaiam (1.2.12) ii is said:
iac-cliaddadlana manayo
jnana-vaiiagya-yuliaya
pasyaniy aimani caimanam
blaliya siuia-giliaya
"Tlc sciiously inquisiiivc siudcni oi sagc, wcll cquippcd wiil lnowlcdgc and
dciaclmcni, icalizcs ilc Absoluic Tiuil by icndciing dcvoiional scivicc in icims
ol wlai lc las lcaid liom ilc Vcdania-siuii."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc cmploy ilc body,
woids, and mind. In ilc iiancc ol mcdiiaiion ii is possiblc io diiccily scc ilc
Supicmc Loid wiil ilc mind, bui low is ii possiblc io diiccily scc ilc Loid wlcn
ilc body and woids aic cngagcd in woislip, japa, oi oilci similai aciiviiics'
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn I icply: Dcvoiional scivicc is naiuially lillcd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and bliss. In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
sac-cid-anandaila-iasc blalii-yogc iisilaii
"Dcvoiional scivicc is cicinal and lull ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and bliss."
Il ilis wcic noi so ilcn dcvoiccs would noi lavc ilc powci io conquci ilc
Supicmc Loid and biing Him undci ilcii coniiol. Tlc aciiviiics ol dcvoiional
scivicc involc ilc appcaiancc ol ilc Loid, wlo comcs in His spiiiiual and blisslul
loim, wiil ilc giacclul laii on His lcad and ilc oilci lcaiuics ol His body. In ilc
nyaya-sasiia ii is said:
siuics iu sabda-mulaivai
In ilis way ii is slown ilai ilc Supicmc cxiiaoidinaiy, inconccivablc, and
bcyond ilc limiis imposcd by ilc maiciial woild. Hc cannoi bc undcisiood by
maiciial logic.
Sufra 13
naviscsai
na-noi; aviscsai-bccausc ol bcing noi spccilic.
No. Ioi ii is noi spccilic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc Siuii-sasiia docs noi oidci ilai a pcison wisc wiil iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc ol Supicmc musi pciloim Vcdic iiiuals iliougloui lis cniiic lilc. Wly
is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "aviscsai" (loi ii is noi spccilically siaicd). In ilc
Mala-Naiayana Upanisad ol ilc Taiiiiiya Aianyala 10.5 ii is said:
na laimana na piajaya dlancna iyagcnailc amiiaivam anasul
"ly pciloiming Vcdic iiiuals, lailciing good clildicn, oi giving wcalil in
claiiiy onc docs noi aiiain libciaiion. Ii is by icnunciaiion ilai onc aiiains
libciaiion."
In ilis way ilcic is no spccilic oidci ilai onc musi always pciloim Vcdic
iiiuals. Tlc Siuii-sasiia givcs dillcicni insiiuciions aboui Vcdic iiiuals (somciimcs
cncouiaging and somciimcs discouiaging ilcm) bccausc ilcsc insiiuciions aic
inicndcd loi dillcicni asiamas.
Alici ilus icluiing ilcsc objcciions, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias piocccds io
cxplain ilc ical puiposc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia's dcsciipiion ol Vcdic iiiuals.
Sufra 1+
siuiayc 'numaiii va
siuiayc-loi piaisc; anumaiil-pcimission; va-oi.
Oi, ilc pcimission is loi piaisc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "va" (oi) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Isopanisad's (maniia 2)
pcimission ilai onc may pciloim Vcdcic iiiuals iliougloui onc's cniiic lilc is
givcn so ilai onc may gloiily iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlis passagc piaiscs
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, loi ii is a pcison wlo las iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
wlo may ilus pciloim Vcdic iiiuals iliougloui lis lilc and noi bc iouclcd by
laimic icaciions. Isopanisad (maniia 2) cxplains:
cvam ivayi nanyailcio 'sii
"ilai soii ol woil will noi bind lim io ilc law ol laima. Tlcic is no alicinaiivc
io ilis way loi man."
In ilis way is icluicd ilc idca ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is a suboidinaic
aspcci ol Vcdic iiiuals.
Adhikarana +
The GIories of TranscendenfaI KnowIedge
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilai ilc indcpcndcncc ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc las bccn cxplaincd,
ilc gicai gloiy ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc will bc dcsciibcd. In ilc Vajasancy
siuii (lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.23) ii is said:
csa niiyo malima bialmanasya na laimana vaidlaic no lanyan
"Kaima can nciilci lcsscn noi incicasc ilc cicinal gloiy ol onc wlo
undcisiands ilc Supicmc."
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilcy wlo aic siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc lavc
ilc iigli io aci in any way ilcy plcasc oi do ilcy noi lavc ilai iigli'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): ly abandoning picsciibcd duiics onc
commiis a sin. Tlcicloic a pcison in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi lavc ilc
iigli io aci as lc plcascs.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 15
lama-laicna cailc
lama-dcsiic; laicna-by doing; ca-and; clc-somc.
Also, somc say lc may aci as lc plcascs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
To slow mcicy io ilc pcoplc ol ilc woild a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc may somciimcs voluniaiily pciloim Vcdic iiiuals cvcn ilougl lc gains
no pcisonal bcnclii by pciloiming ilcm and nciilci is lc laulicd il lc docs noi
pciloim ilcm. His gloiy is cicinal, as is cxplaincd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad
+.+.23 (quoicd in ilc picvious puipoii). Tlcicloic a pcison siiuaicd in
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc can aci as lc lilcs and lc is ncvci iouclcd by sin.
Hcic ilc woid "bialmana" mcans "lc wlo las diiccily sccn ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad". Sucl a pcison docs noi bccomc viiiuous by pciloiming
Vcdic iiiuals, and nciilci docs lc do anyiling wiong by lailing io pciloim ilcm.
As a loius lcal is uniouclcd by waici, so lc is uniouclcd by ilc good laima
gcnciaicd by Vcdic iiiuals. As a landlul ol siiaw is ai oncc consumcd by a blazing
liic, so all lis sins aic ai oncc buincd io aslcs. All ol ilis slows ilc gicai powci ol
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlis is luiilci cxplaincd in ilc lollowing suiia.
Sufra 16
upamaidam ca
upamaidam-dcsiiuciion; ca-also.
Dcsiiuciion also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
in ilc Mundala Upanisad ii is said:
blidyaic lidaya-ganilis
clidyanic saiva-samsayal
lsyanic casya laimani
iasmin disic paiavaic
"Tlc lnoi in ilc lcaii is piciccd, and all misgivings aic cui io picccs. Tlc clain
ol liuiiivc aciions is iciminaicd wlcn onc sccs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
In llagavad-gia (+.37) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cxplains:
yailaidlamsi samiddlo 'gnii
blasmasai luiuic 'ijuna
jnanagnil saiva-laimani
blasmasai luiuic 'ijuna
"As blazing liic iuins liicwood io aslcs, O Aijuna, so docs ilc liic ol
lnowlcdgc buin io aslcs all icaciions io maiciial aciiviiics."
Tlcsc vciscs slow ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcsiioys ilc icaciions ol pasi
liuiiivc dccds. lccausc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ilus dcsiioys all laimic
icaciions, wlcilci paiiially cxpciicnccd oi waiiing io bc cxpciicnccd in ilc luiuic,
a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is noi ai lauli ol lc icnounccd ilc
liuiiivc aciions ol Vcdic iiiuals. Tlis is noi vciy suipiising.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai pasi laimic icaciions aic dcsiioycd
only by cxpciicncing ilcm'
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: Alilougl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc las ilc powci
io buin away all pasi laimic icaciions, by ilc Loid's dcsiic, in oidci io picscivc
ilc appcaiancc ol ilc oidinaiy woilings ol laima, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs
noi complcicly buin away all ilc laimic icaciions cicaicd in ilc picscni body. In
ilis way ilc laima ol a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is lilc a cloil
ilai las bccn singcd by liic. Tlai is wlai is mcani by ilc sciipiuics' siaicmcni ilai
laimic icaciions aic dcsiioycd only by cxpciicncing ilcm,. Tlis will bc luiilci
cxplaincd in suiia +.1.15.
Sufra 17
uidlva-icialsu ca sabdc li
uidlva-up; icialsu-scmcn; ca-and; sabdc-in ilc Siuii-sasiia; li-indccd.
In ilc Siuii-sasiias indccd among ilc cclibaics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc paiinisiliia dcvoiccs and cspccially ilc sannyass and oilci cclibaics
advanccd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc aic cspccially licc io aci as ilcy lilc. Tlis
iiuil cxplaincd in ilc Siuii-sasiia again conliims ilc iiuil ilai iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc is indcpcndcni ol ilc Vcdic iiiuals. Tlc sciipiuial passagc iclciicd io
in ilis suiia is liom ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.5.1) and is givcn bclow:
iasmad bialmanal pandiiyam niividya balycna iisilasci. balyam ca pandiiyam ca
niividyaila munii amaunam ca maunam ca niividyaila bialmanal lcna syad
ycna syai icncdisal.
"A bialmana slould ilcn icnouncc sclolaislip and bccomc lilc a clild. Tlcn
lc slould icnouncc boil sclolaislip and clildlilc simpliciiy and bccomc a silcni
sagc. Tlcn lc slould icnouncc ilc siancc ol ciilci bcing oi noi bcing a silcni sagc.
Tlcn lc bccomcs a bialmana, a pcison wlo diiccily sccs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad. Wlcn lc aiiains ilis siagc lc may aci in wlaicvci way lc lilcs."
In llagavad-gia (3.25) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cxplains:
salial laimany avidvamso
yaila luivanii blaiaia
luiyad vidvams iailasalias
cilisui lola-sangialam
"As ilc ignoiani pciloim ilcii duiics wiil aiiaclmcni io icsulis, ilc lcaincd
may similaily aci, bui wiiloui aiiaclmcni, loi ilc salc ol lcading pcoplc on ilc
iigli pail."
In ilc ncxi suiia Jaimini Muni givcs a dillcicni opinion.
Sufra 18
paiamaisam jaiminii acodana capavadaii li
paiamaisam-lavoiablc idca; jaiminil-Jaimini; acodana-noi oidciing; ca-
and; apavadaii-ciiiicizcs; li-bccausc.
Jaimini lavois ii. Ii is noi oidcicd, and bccausc indccd ii is loibiddcn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
A pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc las ilc liccdom io pciloim
picsciibcd Vcdic iiiuals and duiics in wlaicvci way lc lilcs. Tlai is ilc mcaning
ol ilc Siuii-sasiia's cxplanaiion ilai lc may aci as lc lilcs.
Tlc woid "li" lcic mcans "bccausc". Tlc woid paiamaisam" mcans ilai ilc
Siuii-sasiia oidcis ilai cvcn onc siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc musi
pciloim Vcdic iiiuals, and ilc woid "apavadaii" mcans ilai ilc Siuii-sasiia loibids
ilai lc siop pciloiming Vcdic iiiuals. Tlc woid acodana" mcans ilai a pcison
siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may icnouncc ilosc aciiviiics noi picsciibcd
by ilc sciipiuics. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic.
Isopanisad maniia 2 and ilc passagc liom Taiiiiiya lialmana (quoicd in ilc
puipoii ol suiia 7) boil loibid ilc icnunciaiion ol Vcdic iiiuals. Tlcy do noi say
ilai onc slould icnouncc Vcdic iiiuals.
Tlcicloic ilcic is a coniiadiciion, wiil somc icxis cncouiaging pciloimancc ol
Vcdic iiiuals and somc cncouiaging icnunciaiion ol Vcdic iiiuals. Ii is noi ilai ilc
icxis cncouiaging icnunciaiion aic wiong. Tlcsc icxis aic inicndcd loi pcisons
wlo aic ciipplcd, muic, oi in somc oilci way unablc io pciloim Vcdic iiiuals.
Tlcicloic cvcn ilcy wlo aic siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc slould
coniinuc io pciloim Vcdic iiiuals.
Tlc woids "lcna syai" in ilc passagc liom ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.5.1,
quoicd in ilc picvious puipoii) mcan, "a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc musi pciloim Vcdic iiiuals, bui lc las somc liccdom io pciloim ilcm
in ilc way ilai plcascs lim". Ii docs noi mcan ilai lc las ilc iigli io icnouncc
Vcdic iiiuals aliogcilci. Tlis is ilc opinion ol Jaimini.
Tlus Jaimini bclicvcs ilai ilis passagc oidcis ilc pciloimancc ol Vcdic iiiuals.
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs His opinion, wlicl is ilai ilc
pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ically docs lavc ilc iigli io aci in
any way lc lilcs.
Sufra 19
anusilcyam badaiayanal samya-siuicl
anusilcyam-wlai slould bc piaciiccd; badaiayanal-Vyasa; samya-cqualiiy;
siuicl-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Vyasa says ii may bc donc bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs cqualiiy.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woids "anusilcyam badaiayanal" lcic mcan, "Vyasa ilinls ilai a pcison
siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may pciloim Vcdic iiiuals, oi noi, as lc
clooscs". Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "samya-siuicl" (bccausc ilc Siuii-
sasiia dcclaics ilai wlcilci lc pciloims ilcsc iiiuals oi noi ii is ilc samc).
Tlc woids "Wlcn lc aiiains ilis siagc lc may aci in wlaicvci way lc lilcs," ol
lilad-aianyala Upanisad 3.5.1 (quoicd in ilc puipoii ol suiia 17) mcan ilai a
pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may aci in any way, bui ilc icsuli lc
obiains is always ilc samc. Jaimini's opinion is ilai ilis dcsciipiion ol ilc aciions
ol a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc aic only woids ol cmpiy piaisc,
loi onc musi pciloim Vcdic iiiuals complcicly in oidci io gci a good icsuli. Il a
pcison icnounccs somc paii ol ilc Vcdic iiiuals lc is noi cqual io a pcison wlo
pciloims all iiiuals pcilccily.
Vcdic iiiuals slould bc pciloimcd by a svanisila dcvoicc. Tlc siaicmcni ilai a
pcison wlo ncglccis Vcdic iiiuals bccomcs sinlul lilc a pcison wlo lills lis own
clildicn (Taiiiiiya lialmana quoicd in ilc puipoii ol suiia 7) applics only io a
pcison wlo is noi siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. In ilis way ilc sccming
coniiadiciions aic icconcilcd. Jaimini's ilcoiy ilai all sciipiuial passagcs
cncouiaging icnunciaiion aic inicndcd loi ilcy wlo aic ciipplcd oi somclow
unablc io pciloim Vcdic iiiuals is icluicd by ilc passagc ol Mala-Naiayana
Upanisad quoicd in ilc puipoii ol suiia 13.
Sufra 20
vidlii va dlaiana-vai
vidlil-iulcs; va-oi; dlaiana-siudying; vai-lilc.
Oi, ilc iulc may bc lilc siudying..
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woids "vidlii va" mcan ilai ilc siaicmcni Hc may aci in wlaicvci way lc
lilcs," ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad 3.5.1 (quoicd in ilc puipoii ol suiia 17) iclcis
only io a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlc suiia cxplains,
"dlaiana-vai" (ii is lilc siudying). Tlis mcans ilai as ilc ilicc liglci casics aic
cligiblc io siudy ilc Vcdas, and oilcis aic noi cligiblc, in ilc samc way only a scll-
icalizcd paiinisiliia dcvoicc siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is allowcd io aci
in wlaicvci way lc lilcs". Oilcis aic noi allowcd. In Simad-llagavaiam ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cxplains:
saucam acamanam snanam
na iu codanayacaici
anyams ca niyaman jnan
yailalam llaycsvaial
"As I, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, voluniaiily cnjoy iiansccndcnial
pasiimcs, so ilc pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc pciloims snana,
acamana, sauca, and lollows a losi ol oilci iulcs voluniaiily, and noi bccausc lc is
oidcicd io do so."
In ilc ncxi suiia an objcciion is iaiscd and ilcn answcicd.
Sufra 21
siuii-maiiam upadanad iii ccn napuivaivai
siuii-piaisc; maiiam-only; upadanai-bccausc ol iclcicncc; iii-ilus; cci-
il; na-noi; apuivaivai-bccausc ol ncwncss.
Il ii is said io bc mcicly cmpiy piaisc, ilcn I say no, loi ii is somciling ncw.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc objccioi says: Tlcsc woids aic mcicly cmpiy piaisc. Tlcy do noi
spcal wlai is ically iiuc. As a lovci iclls ilc bclovcd, "You aic licc io do anyiling
you lilc", bui docs noi ically mcan ilai ilc bclovcd can do cxacily anyiling, in
ilc samc way ii is said ilai ilc pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may
do wlaicvci lc lilcs.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc suiia icplics, "na" (No. Ii is noi so). Wly noi' Tlc suiia
cxplains, apuivaivai" (loi ii is somciling ncw). lccausc ilc siaicmcni ilai a
pcison wlo diiccily sccs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad may pciloim Vcdic
iiiuals as lc wislcs is a ncw icacling ii cannoi bc mcic cmpiy piaisc ol somciling
alicady dcsciibcd. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra 22
blava-sabdac ca
blava-lovc; sabdai-bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia; ca-also.
Also bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs lovc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Mundala Upanisad (3.1.+) ii is said:
piano ly csa saiva-bluiaii viblaii
vijanan vidvan blavaic naii-vad
aima-lida aima-iaiil liiyavan
csa bialma-vidam vaiisilal
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc lilc ol all. Hc is ilc Supcisoul
splcndidly manilcsi in all living bcings. Onc wlo lnows Him bccomcs wisc. Tlai
pcison iuins liom ilc logicians' dcbaics. Hc mcdiiaics on ilc Loid's pasiimcs. Hc
lovcs ilc Loid. Hc scivcs ilc Loid. Hc is ilc bcsi ol iiansccndcnialisis."
Tlis vcisc clcaily dcsciibcs ilc dcvoiccs' lovc loi ilc Loid. Tlc woid "iaiil"
lcic mcans "lovc". Tlc woids "blava", "iaii", "picma" all mcan "lovc". A
paiinisiliia dcvoicc wlo las lallcn in lovc wiil ilc Supicmc Loid las noi ilc iimc
io pciloim Vcdic iiiuals vciy complcicly, alilougl loi ilc salc ol ilc pcoplc in
gcncial lc may somciimcs pciloim ilcm io a cciiain cxicni. In ilis way ii is sccn
ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is indcpcndcni ol Vcdic iiiuals.
Icaiing ilai anoilci objcciion may bc iaiscd, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc
lollowing icply.
Sufra 23
paiiplavaiila iii ccn na viscsiiaivai
paiiplava-icsilcssncss; aiilal-mcanings; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi;
viscsiiaivai-bccausc ol bcing spccilic.
Il ii is said ilai ilcy aic paiiplava sioiics, ilcn I icply no, loi ilosc aic spccilic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.5.1) ii is said:
aila la yajnavallyasya dvc blaiyc babluvaiui maiiicy ca laiyayan ca
"Yajnavallya lad iwo wivcs: Maiiicy and Kaiyayan."
In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (3.1) ii is said:
bligui vai vaiunii vaiunam piiaiam upasasaia adlli blagavo bialmcii
"lligu appioaclcd lis lailci, Vaiuna, and aslcd, O masici, plcasc icacl mc
aboui ilc Supicmc."
In ilc Kausial Upanisad (3.1) ii is said:
piaiaidano la vai daivodasii indiasya piiyam dlamopajagama
"Divodasa's son Piaiaidana appioaclcd King India's abodc."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (.+.1.1) ii is said:
janasiuiii la pauiiayanal siaddlodayo baluday balupalya asa
"Janasiuii Pauiiayana was vciy laiillul and gcncious."
In ilcsc and oilci sioiics ilc Siuii-sasiia icaclcs ilc scicncc ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc. Hcic somconc may doubi: aic ilcsc sioiics mcani io icacl
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc oi aic ilcy mcicly paiiplava sioiics icciicd ai a iajasuya-
yajna io appcasc ilc icsilcss mind' Somconc may claim ilai ilcsc aic mcicly
paiiplava sioiics io appcasc ilc mind. Alici all, ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics:
saivany allyanani paiiplavc samsanii
"All aic paiiplava sioiics mcani io appcasc ilc icsilcss mind."
In paiiplava sioiics ilc liiciaiy slill is mosi impoiiani and any plilosoplical
insiiuciions aic all sccondaiy. Tlcicloic ilc Vcdic iiiuals aic wlai is ically
impoiiani and ilc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc coniaincd in ilc sioiics ol ilc
Upanisads is noi vciy impoiiani.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc suiia dcclaics, "na" (No. Ii is noi so). Wly noi' Tlc
suiia cxplains, viscsiiaivai" (loi ilcy aic spccilic). Only cciiain spccilic sioiics aic
paiiplavas.
Ii is said ilai on ilc liisi day ol ilc yajna ilc sioiy ol Vivasvan's son King Manu
slould bc icciicd, on ilc sccond day ilc sioiy ol Vivasvan's son King India slould
bc icciicd, on ilc iliid day ilc sioiy ol Vivasvan's son King Yama slould bc
icciicd. In ilis way only cciiain spccilic sioiics aic cmploycd loi paiiplava. Il all
sioiics wcic cqually appiopiiaic loi paiiplava, ilcn ii would malc no scnsc io
assign spccilic sioiics io spccilic days.
Wlcn ilc sciipiuic says "all" sioiics slould bc icciicd as paiiplava, ilc
mcaning is all sioiics in ilc clapici ol paiiplavas slould bc icciicd. Tlcicloic ilc
conclusion is ilai ilc Upanisad sioiics ilai icacl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc aic
noi paiiplava sioiics.
Sufra 2+
iaila caila-valyaiopabandlai
iaila-so; ca-and; cla-onc; valyaia-siaicmcni; upabandlai-bccausc ol
ilc conncciion.
Ii is also so bccausc ol ilc uniiy ol ilc siaicmcnis.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilcy aic noi paiiplava sioiics, ii is slould bc undcisiood ilai ilc
sioiics ol ilc Upanisads aic mcani io icacl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, cla-valyaiopabandlai" (bccausc ol ilc uniiy ol ilc
siaicmcnis). Tlus in ilc sioiy bcginning wiil ilc dcsciipiion ol Yajnavallya and
lis wivcs ii is said (lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.22):
aima va aic diasiavyal sioiavyal
"Onc slould lcai ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Onc slould gazc
upon Him."
Ii ilis way ii is sccn ilai bccausc ol ilcii conicxi ilcsc sioiics aic mcani io
icacl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. As ilc sioiy bcginning wiil ilc woids "so 'iodi"
is a sioiy mcani io icacl Vcdic iiiuals and is noi a paiiplava sioiy, so ilc sioiics ol
ilc Upanisads aic mcani io icacl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
lccausc ii icaclcs ilc supicmc goal ol lilc, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is
indcpcndcni ol Vcdic iiiuals. Gicai sainis ilcicloic siiivc io aiiain iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc. Tlc sioiics ol ilc Upanisads givc concicic cxamplcs ol ilc iiuils ol
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Ioi cxamplc, ilcy will givc concicic cxamplcs io slow
ilc iiuil ol ilc Siuii-sasiias' siaicmcni (Clandogya Upanisad 6.1+.2):
acaiyavan puiuso vcda
"Onc wlo appioaclcs a bona lidc spiiiiual masici can undcisiand cvciyiling
aboui spiiiiual icalizaiion."
In ilis way also ii is sccn ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is indcpcndcni ol
Vcdic iiiuals.
Sufra 25
aia cva cagnndlanady-anapclsa
aial cva-ilcicloic; ca-also; agni-liic; indlana-igniiing; adi-bcginning
wiil; anapclsa-no nccd.
Tlcicloic also ilcic is no nccd io ligli ilc liic oi pciloim oilci duiics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ii is ilus indcpcndcni ol Vcdic iiiuals, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs
noi nccd ilc lclp ol ilc ligliing ol ilc sacicd liic oi ilc oilci aciiviiics ol ilosc
iiiuals io givc iis icsuli. Tlus ilc idca ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and ilc
pciloimancc ol Vcdic iiiuals musi bc combincd in oidci io biing libciaiion is
icluicd.
Adhikarana 5
The Person QuaIified To Affain TranscendenfaI KnowIedge
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc dcsciibcd ilc claiaciciisiics ol a pcison qualilicd io lcain
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) ii is said:
iam ciam vcdanuvacancna vividisanii yajncna dancna iapasanasalcna
"ly siudy ol ilc Vcdas, by yajna. by claiiiy, by ausiciiiy, and by lasiing ilc
bialmanas siiivc io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.23) ii is said:
iasmad cvam-vic clanio dania upaiaias iiiilsul siaddla-viiio bluivaimany
cvaimanam pasyci
"A pcison wlo is wisc, pcacclul, scll-coniiollcd, licc liom maiciial dcsiics,
iolciani, and loigiving, and wlosc wcalil is laiil, is ablc io scc ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad picscni as ilc Supcisoul in lis lcaii."
In ilis way ii is sccn ilai ilcic aic iwo lisis ol qualilicaiions io undcisiand ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Onc lisi bcgins wiil Vcdic yajnas ands ilc oilci
wiil pcacclulncss.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic boil scis ol qualilicaiions ncccssaiy oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.1+.2) ii is
said:
acaiyavan puiuso vcda
"Onc wlo appioaclcs a bona lidc spiiiiual masici can undcisiand cvciyiling
aboui spiiiiual icalizaiion."
Tlcicloic io aiiain iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc onc nccd only lind a spiiiiual
masici. Noiling clsc is icquiicd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
lis conclusion.
Sufra 26
saivapclsa ca yajnadi-siuiii asva-vai
saiva-ol all; apclsa-nccd; ca-also; yajna-yajnas; adi-bcginning; siuiil-
ilc Siuii-sasiia; asva-loisc; vai-lilc.
Also, all aic nccdcd. Tlc Siuii-sasiia mcniions yajnas and oilci ilings. Tlcy
aic lilc a loisc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi nccd anyiling clsc io biing iis
icsulis, siill yajnas and all linds ol pious dccds aic nccdcd in oidci io aiiain
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains,
yajnadi-siuiil" (Tlc Siuii-sasiia mcniions yajnas and oilci ilings). Tlc iwo
passagcs liom lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22 and 23) quoicd ai ilc bcginning
ol ilis adlilaiana givc iwo lisis ol qualilicaiions loi onc wlo would sccl
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, onc lisi bcginning wiil pciloimancc ol yajnas and ilc
oilci lisi wiil pcacclulncss.
Tlc suiia ilcn givcs an cxamplc: "asva-vai" (ilcy aic lilc a loisc). To iiavcl
somcwlcic a loisc is nccdcd, bui somconc wlo las alicady aiiaincd lis
dcsiinaiion no longci las nccd ol a loisc.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may bc aiiaincd by onc
wlo las ilc qualilicaiions ol ilc liisi lisi, wlicl bcgins wiil yajnas, ilcn wlai is
ilc nccd ol aiiaining ilc qualilicaiions ol ilc sccond lisi, wlicl bcgins wiil
pcacclulncss and scll coniiol'
Il ilis qucsiion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 27
sama-damady-upcias iu syai iailapi iu iad-vidlcs iad-angaiaya icsam
avasyanusilcyaivai
sama-pcacclulncss; dama-scll-coniiol; adi-bcginning wiil; upcial-
posscssing; iu-indccd; syai-slould bc; iailapi-ncvciilclcss; iu-bui; iai-ol
ilcm; vidlcl-bccauysc ol ilc iulc; iai-ol ilai; angaiaya-bcausc ol bcing paiis;
icsam-ol ilcm; avasya-nccdcd; anusilcyaivai-bccausc ilcy slould bc
piaciiccd.
lui onc musi ncvciilclcss cciiainly lavc pcacclulncss, scll coniiol, and oilci
viiiucs, loi ilai is ilc iulc. lccausc ilcy aic paiis ilcy musi bc aiiaincd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc iwo appcaianccs ol ilc woid "iu" lavc ilc mcanings ol giving cciiainiy
(cciiainly) and dispclling doubi (bui). Alilougl ilc qualilicaiions ol ilc liisi lisi,
wlicl bcgins wiil yajnas aic sullicicni loi aiiaining iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc,
ncvciilclcss a pcison wlo sccls iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc slould also aiiain ilc
qualilicaiions ol ilc sccond lisi, wlicl bcgins wiil pcacclulncss.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad-vidlcs iad-angaiaya" (loi ilai is ilc iulc.
lccausc ilcy aic paiis ilcy musi bc aiiaincd). Tlis mcans ilai pcacclulncss and
ilc oilci viiiucs mcniioncd lcic aic paiis ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and
ilcicloic ilcy musi also bc aiiaincd.
Tlc qualiiics givcn in boil lisis musi bc aiiaincd. Tlc qualiiics on ilc liisi lisi,
wlicl bcgins wiil yajnas, aic cxicinal qualiiics, and ilosc on ilc sccond lisi,
wlicl bcgins wiil pcacclulncss, aic inicinal qualiiics. In ilis way ilcy aic
disiinguislcd. Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) lcic mcans ilai iiuillulncss and
many oilci qualiiics aic also io bc addcd io ilcsc lisis.
Adhikarana 6
A Person Sifuafed in TranscendenfaI KnowIedge Is Nof Free To Sin
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc slould noi commii loibiddcn acis. In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
yadi la va apy cvam-vin nillilam blalsayiaivam cva sa blavaii
"Il a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc cais anyiling impuic lc
icmains puic ncvciilclcss."
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilcsc woids oidci a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc ilai lc musi cai any and all loods, oi do ilcy mcicly givc pcimission
ilai lc may cai any lood lc wislcs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): No aigumcni las ilc powci io icluic ilai
ilis is an oidci. Tlc pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is ilcicloic
oidcicd ilai musi cai any and all loods.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 28
saivannanumaiis ca pianaiyayc iad-daisanai
saiva-all; anna-lood; anumaiil-pcimission; ca-and; piana-ol lilc;
aiyayc-ai ilc cnd; iai-ilai; daisanai-bccausc ol icvclaiion ol Siuii-sasiia.
Also, pcimission io cai all loods is givcn wlcn lilc is in dangci, loi ilai is ilc
icvclaiion ol sciipiuic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Wlcn piopci loods aic noi
availablc and ilcic is dangci ilai lilc may comc io an cnd, ilcn pcimission is
givcn io cai any and all loods. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad daisanai" (loi
ilai is ilc icvclaiion ol sciipiuic). In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (1.10.1-+) ii is said:
maiac-laicsu luiusvaiilya sala jayayosasiii la caliayana iblya-giamc
piadianala uvasa. sa lcblyam lulmasan lladaniam viblilsc iam lovaca. ncio
'nyc vidyanic yac ca yc ma ima upaniliia iii. cicsam mc dclii lovaca ian asmai
piadadau lanianupanam iiy ucclisiam vai mc piam syad iii lovaca. na svidcic 'py
ucclisia iii na va ajvisyamman alladann iii lovaca lamo mc uda-panam iii.
"A pooi man namcd Usasii Caliayana livcd wiil lis wilc Aiili in ilc villagc ol
Iblya-giama in ilc couniiy ol ilc Kuius. Onc ycai ilcic was a laminc and ilc
ciops wcic dcsiioycd by lailsioncs. Usasii bcggcd lood liom a iicl man wlo was
caiing bcans. Tlc iicl man said, All I lavc is ilcsc bcans. I lavc noiling clsc.'
Tlc pooi man said, Plcasc givc mc ilai.' So ilc iicl man givc lis icmnanis io
lim. Tlcn ilc iicl man said, Hcic is somciling io diinl.' Tlc pooi man icplicd,
You lavc alicady diunl somc ol ilai and ilcicloic I slould noi diinl ii.' Tlc iicl
man said, Is ii noi ilai I lavc also caicn somc ol ilcsc bcans'' Tlc pooi man
icplicd, Wiiloui caiing ilcsc bcans I would noi bc ablc io icmain alivc, bui
diinling waici I do noi nccd. I can diinl any iimc I wisl."
Tlc iiuil is ilus sccn in ilis sioiy ol Caliayana. In oidci io savc lis livc ilc
sainily sagc namcd Caliayana aic ilc icmnanis ol bcans caicn by a iicl man, bui,
lcaiing ilai lc was acccpiing ilc icmnanis ol anoilci, lc was noi willing io diinl
ilc waici ollcicd by ilc iicl man, loi lc could casily obiain waici wlcncvci lc
wislcd. On ilc lollowing day ilc sagc aic ilc lcliovcis ol ilosc bcans, ilus caiing
lis own icmnanis. Tlis sioiy is also iccounicd in oilci placcs in ilc sciipiuics.
Sufra 29
abadlac ca
abadlai-bccausc ol bcing no impcdimcni; ca-also.
Also bccausc ilcic is no impcdimcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In iimcs ol cmcigcncy onc las pcimission io cai any lood, and sucl caiing docs
noi coniaminaic ilc lcaii and ilc mind. Tlc suiia cxplains ilai ilis caiing docs
noi picscni an impcdimcni io aiiaining iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Sufra 30
api smaiyaic
api-also; smaiyaic-in ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Also in ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Manu-samliia (10.10+) ii is said:
jviiaiyayam apanno
yo 'nnam aiii yaias iaial
lipyaic na sa papcna
padma-paiiam ivamblasa
"Onc wlo in an cmcigcncy, in oidci io savc lis lilc, cais wlaicvci is availablc is
noi iouclcd by sin. Hc is lilc a loius lcal uniouclcd by waici."
Only in an cmcigcncy, and noi ai oilci iimcs, is onc allowcd io cai anyiling
ilai is availablc. Tlcicloic ilc mcaning lcic is ilai ilc pcison siiuaicd in
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc las pcimission io cai any lood in cciiain ciicumsianccs,
noi ilai lc is oidcicd ilai lc musi cai any lood. Tlc sciipiuics clcaily loibid ilc
caiing ol impuic loods wlcn ilcic is no cmcigcncy.
Sufra 31
sabdas caio 'lama-caic
sabdal-Siuii-sasiia; ca-and; aial-ilcicloic; a-noi; lama-dcsiic; caic-
aciing.
Sciipiuic says ii slould noi bc donc by onc's own wisl.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlus wlcn ilcic is an cmcigcncy onc las pcimission io cai any lood, bui
oilciwisc, duiing oidinaiy iimcs, a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
will noi ol lis own wisl disobcy ilc oidcis ol ilc sciipiuics. In Clandogya
Upanisad (7.26.2) ii is said:
alaia-suddlau saiiva-suddlil saiiva-suddlau dliuva smiiil smiii-lamblc saiva-
gianilnam vipiamolsal
"ly pciloimancc ol yajna onc's caiablcs bccomc sanciilicd, and by caiing
sanciilicd loodsiulls, onc's vciy cxisicncc bccomcs puiilicd. ly ilc puiilicaiion ol
cxisicncc linci iissucs in ilc mcmoiy bccomc sanciilicd, and wlcn mcmoiy is
sanciilicd onc can ilinl ol ilc pail ol libciaiion."
In ilis way ilc Clandogya Upanisad loibids aciing wlimsically and doing
wlaicvci onc wislcs. Tlus, alilougl in iimcs ol cmcigcncy onc las pcimission io
cai any loods, in oidinaiy iimcs onc musi lollow ilc iulcs givcn in ilc sciipiuics.
Adhikarana 7
The Svanisfha Devofee and Varnasrama-dharma
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc bcginning ol ilis pada ilicc linds ol dcvoiccs, bcginning wiil ilc
svanisila dcvoicc, wcic dcsciibcd. Now will bc considcicd ilc lollowing qucsiion:
Slould ilcy wlo lavc aiiaincd iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc coniinuc io pciloim ilc
duiics ol vainasiama-dlaima' Iiisi wc will considci ilc siiuaiion ol ilc svanisila
dcvoiccs. In ilc Kausaiava-siuii ii is said:
pasyann apmam aimanam
luiyai laimavicaiayan
yadaimanal su-niyaiam
anandoilaisam apnuyai
"Lvcn wlcn onc diiccily sccs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad onc slould
coniinuc io pciloim Vcdic iiiuals, loi in ilis way onc aiiains gicai bliss."
Samsaya (doubi): Slould a svanisila dcvoicc wlo las aiiaincd iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc siill pciloim Vcdic iiiuals oi slould lc noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc puiposc ol Vcdic iiiuals is io aiiain
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Wlcn ilc cnd is aiiaincd ilc mcans may bc
abandoncd. Ioi ilis icason ilcic is no icason ilai lc musi coniinuc io pciloim
Vcdic iiiuals.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His opinion.
Sufra 32
viliiaivad asiama-laimapi
viliiaivai-bccausc ol bcing oidcicd; asiama-ol ilc asiamas; laima-ilc
duiics; api-also.
Tlc duiics ol ilc asiamas also, loi ilcy aic oidcicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "api" (also) lcic mcans ilai ilc duiics ol ilc vainas aic also
includcd. Tlis mcans ilai ilc picsciibcd duiics ol vainasiama-dlaima slould bc
pciloimcd. Wly is ilai' Tlcy slould bc pciloimcd in oidci io incicasc
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlis is so bccausc ii is ilc oidci ol ilc sciipiuics.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Hcic ii is said ilai Vcdic iiiuals slould coniinuc io
bc pciloimcd cvcn alici onc las aiiaincd iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. How can ilis
noi mcan ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and Vcdic iiiuals musi boil bc
pciloimcd iogcilci io biing ilc dcsiicd icsuli'
Il ilis is said, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 33
salalaiiivcna ca
salalaiiivcna-as lclplul; ca-also.
Also, as lclplul.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Vcdic iiiuals slould bc pciloimcd, noi bccausc ilcy aic in ilcmsclvcs ilc causc
ol libciaiion, bui bccausc ilcy aic lclplul in aiiaining iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is ilc ical causc ol libciaiion, as is cxplaincd in
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.S).
In ilc bcginning ilc svanisila dcvoicc pciloims lis picsciibcd duiics ol Vcdic
iiiuals in oidci io plcasc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilai way lc
aiiains iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlcn, alilougl in ilis way lc las alicady
aiiaincd iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, in oidci io incicasc ilai iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, lc coniinucs io pciloim ilcsc picsciibcd duiics ol Vcdic iiiuals.
Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi causc ilc ccssaiion ol Vcdic iiiuals, loi ilc
iwo ol ilcm aic noi opposcd io cacl oilci.
Gcncially a pcison pciloims Vcdic iiiuals in oidci io aiiain a gicai wondci ol
dcliglis in Svaigalola and oilci lcavcnly placcs. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(1.+.15) ii is said:
na lasya laima lsyaic
"ilc pious dccds ol a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ncvci
pciisl."
Tlc svanisila dcvoicc docs noi pciloim Vcdic iiiuals io cxpciicncc vaiious
dcliglis in Svaigalola. Hc las no sucl dcsiic. Tlc svanisila dcvoicc siiuaicd in
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc gocs io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, and in ilc
couisc ol lis going lc may pass iliougl Svaigalola and ilc oilci lcavcnly
plancis. Ii is lilc a pcison wlo, wlilc walling io a villagc, iouclcs somc giass on
ilc way.
Wiil ilc lclp ol lci assisiani, wlo is Vcdic iiiuals, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
picscnis ilc cxpciicncc ol Svaigalola bcloic ilc svanisila dcvoicc wlo ycains io
aiiain ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcn iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
pcisonally caiiics ilc dcvoicc io ilc abodc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlis is cxplaincd in Kaila Upanisad 2.3.17. Tlc dcsiic in ilc dcvoicc's lcaii is
also cxplaincd in ilis way.
Also, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may caiiy ilc dcvoicc io Svaigalola only io
icsi wlcilci ilc dcvoicc las aciually icnounccd all maiciial dcsiics. Tlc Siuii-
sasiia dcsciibcs ilis in ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids, "saivam la pasyal
pasyaii". Tlis docs noi mcan ilai ilcy wlo aic noi svanisila dcvoiccs do noi go io
Svaigalola.
Ioi ilc svanisila dcvoicc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcsiioys all laimic
icaciions, cxccpi loi ilc pasi and picscni livcs' laima ilai spccilically biings
clcvaiion io Svaigalola. Ioi ilc paiinisiliia dcvoicc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
dcsiioys all laimic icaciions, cxccpi loi ilc pasi livcs' laima ilai spccilically
biings clcvaiion io Svaigalola. Ioi ilc niiapclsa dcvoicc iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc dcsiioys all laimic icaciions liom all pasi and picscni livcs. In ilis way
ii is piovcd ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is indcpcndcni ol Vcdic iiiuals. Vcdic
iiiuals aci as assisianis io iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Adhikarana 8
The Parinisfhifa Devofee May Renounce Ordinary Dufies
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc siiuaiion ol ilc paiinisiliia dcvoiccs will bc cxamincd. In ilc
Mundala Upanisad (3.1.+) ii is said:
aima-lida aima-iaiil liiyavan
"Hc mcdiiaics on ilc Loid's pasiimcs. Hc lovcs ilc Loid. Hc scivcs ilc Loid.
Hc pciloims lis picsciibcd duiics. Hc is ilc bcsi ol iiansccndcnialisis."
Tlus loi ilc salc ol ilc pcoplc in gcncial ilc paiinisiliia dcvoicc slould
pciloim ilc duiics ol vainasiama and oui ol lovc loi ilc Supicmc Loid ilc
paiinisiliia dcvoicc slould cngagc in ilc vaiious aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc,
wlicl bcgin wiil lcaiing ol ilc Loid's gloiics.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould ilc paiinisiliia dcvoicc pciloim lis vainasiama and
dcvoiional duiics simuliancously, oi slould lc pciloim onc liisi and ilcn ilc
oilci'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): ilc simuliancous pciloimancc bcing
impossiblc, and ilc abandonmcni ol picsciibcd duiics bcing sinlul, ilcic is no
cciiain and dcliniic iulc as io ilc pciloimancc ol ilcsc duiics.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 3+
saivailapi iaiia coblaya-lingai
saivaila-in all ciicumasianccs; api-indccd; iaiia-ilcic; ca-and; ublaya-
ol boil; lingai-bccausc ol ilc signs.
Also, indccd, ii is in all ciicumsianccs bccausc ol signs liom boil.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "api" (indccd) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Tlc woid "saivaila" mcans,
"in all ciicumsianccs, cvcn il onc musi abandon onc's vainasiama duiics". Tlis
mcans ilai ilc paiinisiliia dcvoicc slould always in cngagc in dcvoiional scivicc
io ilc Supicmc Loid. In lis spaic iimc, pcilaps, ilc dcvoicc may pciloim a liiilc
somciling ol lis vainasiama duiics. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, ublaya-
lingai" (bccausc ol iwo signs). Tlc sign liom ilc Siuii-sasiia is ilis (Mundala
Upanisad 2.2.5):
iam cvailam janaila
"Placc youi ilouglis on ilc Supicmc Loid alonc."
Tlc sign liom ilc Smiii-sasiia comcs liom ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll
(llagavad-gia 9.13-1+):
malaimanas iu mam paiila
daivm pialiiim asiiial
blajaniy ananya-manaso
jnaiva bluiadim avyayam
"O son ol Piila, ilosc wlo aic noi dcludcd, ilc gicai souls, aic undci ilc
pioicciion ol ilc divinc naiuic. Tlcy aic lully cngagcd in dcvoiional scivicc
bccausc ilcy lnow Mc as ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, oiiginal and
incxlausiiblc.
saiaiam liiayanio mam
yaianias ca didla-viaial
namasyanias ca mam blaliya
niiya-yulia upasaic
"Always claniing My gloiics, cndcavoiing wiil gicai dciciminaiion, and
bowing down bcloic Mc, ilcsc gicai souls pcipciually woislip Mc wiil
dcvoiion."
In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias conliims ilis wiil moic
cvidcncc.
Sufra 35
anabliblavam ca daisayaii
anabliblavam-noi dclcaicd; ca-and; daisayaii-icvcals.
Ii icvcals ilai lc is noi dclcaicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.23) ii is said:
saivam papmanam iaiaii. naiva papma iaiaii. saivam papmanam iapaii. naiva
papma iapaii.
"Hc dclcais all sins. Sins do noi dclcai lim. Hc buins away all sins. Sins do noi
buin lim."
Il, absoibcd in claniing ilc gloiics ol ilc Supicmc Loid, a paiinisiliia dcvoicc
ncglccis lis vainasiama duiics, ilai ncglcci is noi a sin on lis paii. Tlai is wly ilc
suiia dcclaics, "Ii icvcals ilai lc is noi dclcaicd." Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai ii is
iigli loi a dcvoicc io ncglcci ilc duiics ol vainasiama-dlaima in lavoi ol ilc
duiics ol dcvoiional scivicc io ilc Supicmc Loid.
In Visnu Puiana 3.S.9 (quoicd ai ilc cnd ol ilc suiia 2 puipoii) ii is ilc
dcvoicc's woislip, noi lis pciloimancc ol vainasiama duiics, ilai saiislics ilc
Loid. In a picccding passagc ol Visnu Puiana (2.13.9-11) aic ilcsc woids ol King
llaiaia, wlo lad laiil in dcvoiional scivicc alonc:
yajncsacyuia govinda
madlavanania lcsava
lisna visno lislcsciy
ala iaja sa lcvalam
"Again and again King llaiaia would clani ilc Loid's loly namcs: O Yajncsa,
O Acyuia, O Govinda, O Madlava, O Anania. O Kcsava, O Kisna, O Visnu, O
Hislcsa!
nanyaj jagada maiiicya
lincii svapnaniaicsv api
ciai paiam iad-aiilam ca
vina nanyad aciniayai
"O Maiiicya, awalc oi aslccp ilc ling would noi say anyiling clsc. Hc would
noi ilinl ol anyiling bui ilc Loid and His scivicc.
samii-puspa-lusadanam
calic dcva-liiya-liic
nanyani calic laimani
nilsango yoga-iapasal
"Piaciicing ausicic yoga, lc siaycd alonc. Hc gailcicd liicwood, llowcis, and
lusa giass loi ilc woislip ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Hc did noi
pciloim any oilci duiics oi iiiuals."
Adhikarana 9
The Nirapeksa Devofee
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlus 1. ilc way ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is manilcsicd among ilcy wlo
aic wiilin ilc vainasiama insiiiuiion and 2. ilc icsulis ilai lnowlcdgc biings io
sucl pcisons las bccn slown. Now will bc slown ilc way ilcsc iwo aic
manilcsicd among ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs, wlo aic abovc ilc vainasaiama
insiiiuiion. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.+.1) is ilc lollowing passagc aboui
Gaig, wlo was cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and abovc ilc
vainasiama insiiiuiion:
aila vacalnavy uvaca bialmana blagavanio lanialam cnam yajnavallyam dvau
piasnau pialsyami
"Gaig said: O cxalicd bialmanas, now I will placc iwo qucsiions bcloic
Yajnavallya."
Samsaya (doubi): Is ii possiblc ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may bc picscni
in ilcy wlo do noi ialc paii in ilc vainasiama insiiiuiion, oi is ii noi possiblc'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is ncvci
manilcsicd io ilcy wlo aic ouisidc ol ilc Vcdas and ilc vainasiama insiiiuiion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 36
aniaia capi iu iad disiail
aniaia-ouisidc; ca-and; api-indccd; iu-bui; iai-ilai; disiail-by wlai is
sccn.
lui cciiainly ouisidc also, bccausc ol wlai is sccn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc idca ilai Vcdic
iiiuals aic mandaioiy. Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic io picscni ilc linal
conclusion. Tlc woid "aniaia" lcic iclcis io ilosc pcisons wlo, alilougl in ilis
lilc noi lollowing vainasiama-dlaima, in ilcii pasi livcs piaciiccd iiuillulncss,
ausiciiiy, japa, and oilci pious dccds, and ilcicloic in ilis lilc wcic boin boil
puic and icnounccd. Ii is said ilai in sucl pcisons iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is
manilcsicd. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, iad disiail" (bccausc ol wlai is
sccn). Tlis mcans ilai ilc sciipiuics slow Gaig as an cxamplc ol sucl a pcison.
Tlc mcaning is ilis: Tlcy wlo in ilcii picvious lilc piopcily pciloimcd ilcii
duiics bui dicd bcloic ilcy could icap ilc icsuli ol ilcii aciions, in ilc ncxi lilc
aic boin vciy puic in lcaii bccausc ol ilcii picvious pious dccds. Tlc coniaci ol
sinccic dcvoiccs quiclly iuins ilcm inio gicai icnounccd sainis.
In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi cxplains ilai ilc associaiion ol dcvoiccs is vciy
powcilul. ly ilai associaiion onc bccomcs licc liom maiciial dcsiics and aiiains
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Sufra 37
api smaiyaic
api-also; smaiyaic-in ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Also in ilc Smiii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Simad-llagavaiam (2.2.37) ii is said:
pibanii yc blagavaia aimanal saiam
lailamiiam siavana-puicsu sambliiam
punanii ic visaya-vidusiiasayam
viajanii iac-caiana-saioiulaniilam
"Tlosc wlo diinl iliougl auial icccpiion, lully lillcd wiil ilc ncciaican
mcssagc ol Loid Kisna, ilc bclovcd ol ilc dcvoiccs, puiily ilc polluicd aim ol lilc
lnown as maiciial cnjoymcni and ilus go bacl io Godlcad, io ilc loius lcci ol
Him (ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In Simad-llagavaiam (5.12.12) ii is said:
"My dcai King Ralugana, unlcss onc las ilc oppoiiuniiy io smcai lis cniiic
body wiil ilc dusi ol ilc loius lcci ol gicai dcvoiccs, onc cannoi icalizc ilc
Absoluic Tiuil simply by obsciving cclibacy (bialmacaiya), siiicily lollowing ilc
iulcs and icgulaiions ol louscloldci lilc, lcaving lomc as vanapiasila, acccpiing
sannyasa, oi undcigoing scvcic pcnanccs in winici by lccping oncscll submcigcd
in waici oi suiiounding oncscll in summci by liic and ilc scoicling lcai ol ilc
sun. Tlcic aic many oilci pioccsscs io undcisiand ilc Absoluic Tiuil, bui ilc
Absoluic Tiuil is only icvcalcd io onc wlo las aiiaincd ilc mcicy ol a gicai
dcvoicc."
In ilis suiia ilc woid "api" (also) is uscd in ilc scnsc ol joining ilings
iogcilci.
Sufra 38
viscsanugialas ca
viscsa-spccial; anugialal-mcicy; ca-also.
Spccial mcicy also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In llagavad-gia (10.9-10), ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad pcisonally
dcclaics:
mac-ciiia mad-gaia-piana
bodlayanial paiaspaiam
lailayanias ca mam niiyam
iusyanii ca iamanii ca
"Tlc ilouglis ol My puic dcvoiccs dwcll in Mc, ilcii livcs aic lully dcvoicd io
My scivicc, and ilcy dciivc gicai saiislaciion and bliss liom always cnliglicning
onc anoilci and convcising aboui Mc.
icsam saiaia-yulianam
blajaiam piii-puivalam
dadami buddli-yogam iam
ycna mam upayanii ic
"To ilosc wlo aic consianily dcvoicd io sciving Mc wiil lovc, I givc ilc
undcisianding by wlicl ilcy can comc io Mc."
To sucl dcvoiccs ii is sccn ilai ilc Loid givcs spccial mcicy. ly cngaging in
dcvoiional scivicc in ilis way onc aiiains icnunciaiion ol ilc woild.
Adhikarana 10
Renunciafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc siiuaiion ol Yajnavallya and oilcis wlo aic wiilin vainasaiama, as wcll as
ilc siiuaiion ol Gaig and oilcis wlo aic noi wiilin vainasiama lavc bccn sccn
lcic.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlo aic bciici: ilcy wlo aic wiilin vainasiama oi ilcy wlo
aic noi wiilin ii'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilcy pciloim ilc duiics ol Vcdas
and asiama and also woislip ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilcy wlo aic
wiilin vainasiama aic bciici.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 39
aias iv iiaiai jyayo lingac ca
aial-liom ilai; iv-indccd; iiaiai-ilc oilci; jyayal-bciici; lingai-by ilc
sign; ca-indccd.
lui indccd ilc oilcis aic bciici, loi ilcic is a sign.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlc woid "ca" (indccd) is
uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Tlc woid "iiaiai" (ilc oilcis) lcic iclcis io ilcy wlo aic
oilci ilan ilc lollowcis ol vainasiama, namcly ilcy wlo do noi lollow
vainasiama. Tlc woid "jyayal" mcans ilcii mcilod ol aiiaining iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc is bciici". Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "lingai" (loi ilcic is a sign).
Tlc sign lcic is ilc Siuii-sasiia's cxplanaiion ilai Gaig was vciy wisc wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc.
Tlis is ilc mcaning: Tlc sciipiuics picsciibc ilc duiics ol ilc asiamas in oidci
io icsiiici ilc sccmingly bcginninglcss maiciialisiic dcsiics ol ilc condiiioncd
souls. Tlcicloic ilc puiposc ol vainasiama is noi io givc laciliiy loi maiciial
dcsiics, bui iailci giadually io icsiiici ilcm. Ai a cciiain siagc, lowcvci, ilc
duiics ol vainasiama bccomc obsiaclcs io aiiaining lovc loi ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Tlcy wlo lavc bccomc licc ol maiciial dcsiics and wlo placc ilcii lovc in ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc gain no bcnclii liom ilc duiics ol
vainasiama. Tlcicloic ilcy wlo lavc iiscn abovc vainasiama aic bciici. In ilc
Jabala Upanisad ii is said ilai onc may piogicss iliougl ilc asiamas onc alici
anoilci, oi, il lilc Samvaiiala Muni and oilcis, onc bccomcs complcicly dcvoicd
io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc onc may icnouncc cvciyiling and
acccpi sannyasa ai oncc, ai any iimc. Tlc sciipiuial injunciion, "a bialmana
slould noi pass cvcn onc day ouisidc ol ilc duiics ol vainasiama," is mcani only
loi oidinaiy pcoplc.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlai may bc. Siill, ilc sannyass, wlo aic ouisidc ol
ilc vainasiama-dlaima and wlo aic solcly dcvoicd io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, aic noi bciici, loi ilcy may lall down and again bccomc maiciialisiic.
Wlcn a sannyas lalls down and again acccpis ilc lilc ol a louscloldci, lis aciion
is condcmncd by ilc sciipiuics. Also, onc wlo acccpis sannyasa, bui ilcn again
laiillully acccpis ilc gloiious vainasiama-dlaima, musi icnd io so many
vainasiama duiics ilai ilc singlc-poinicd scivicc io ilc Loid ilai was ilc
advaniagc ol sannyasa lilc bccomcs losi loi lim. On ilc oilci land, ilcy wlo
acccpi ilc duiics ol vainasiama giadually malc moic and moic piogicss in
spiiiiual lilc.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra +0
iad-bluiasya iu naiad-blavo jaiminci api niyamaiad-iupablavcblyal
iai-ilai; bluiasya-bccomc; iu-bui; na-noi; a-noi; iai-ilai; blaval-
bcing; jaimincl-il Jaimini Muni; api-cvcn; niyama-iulc; a-noi; iai-ilai;
iupa-loim; a-noi; blavcblyal-bccausc ol bcing.
lui onc wlo bccomcs ilai docs noi ccasc io bc ilai, cvcn accoiding io Jaimini.
Tlis is bccausc ol icsiiaini, noi bcing lilc ilai, and ccssaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Onc wlo bccomcs ilai, ilai
is io say onc wlo bccomcs a gcnuinc niiapclsa sannyas sinccicly dcvoicd io ilc
Supicmc Loid, ncvci ccascs io bc ilai, ilai is io say lc ncvci lalls liom lis
dcvoiion io ilc Loid. Tlai is ilc opinion ol Jaimini, and ii is also ilc opinion ol
Mc, Vyasa. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "niyamaiad-iupablavcblyal"
(bccausc ol icsiiaini, noi bcing lilc ilai, and ccssaiion). Tlc woid "niyama" lcic
mcans "bccausc ilcy iliisi io aiiain ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilcii
scnscs aic naiuially coniiollcd." Tlc woid "iupa" lcic mcans "dcsiic". lccausc
ilcy lavc no dcsiic bui io aiiain ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Gaig and
oilci icnuncianis dcclinc io acccpi ilc oidci ol louscloldci lilc oi any ol ilc
oilci oidcis ol vainasiama-dlaima. Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic. In Simad-
llagavaiam 7.15.35) ii is said:
lamadiblii anaviddlam
piasaniallila-viiii yai
ciiiam bialma-sulla-spisiam
naivoiiisilcia lailicii
"Wlcn onc's consciousncss is unconiaminaicd by maiciial lusiy dcsiics, ii
bccomcs calm and pcacclul in all aciiviiics, loi onc is siiuaicd in cicinal blisslul
lilc. Oncc siiuaicd on ilai plailoim, onc docs noi iciuin io maiciialisiic duiics."
Lvcn Jaimini, wlo considcis Vcdic iiiuals mosi impoiiani, admiis ilai ilc
Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilis ol ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs. Tlc conclusion ilcicloic is
ilai ilc sinccic icnunciani musi lavc pciloimcd all oilci duiics in lis picvious
biiils. Tlai is wly lc is now puic in lcaii and licc liom ilc nccd io pciloim ilcm
any longci.
In ilc ncxi suiia will bc slown ilc iiuil ilai ilc niiapclsa dcvoicc is bciici
ilan ilc svanisila dcvoicc.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilc sciipiuial icxi bcginning wiil
ilc woids "saivam pasyal pasyaii" slows ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc biings
cvcn ilc niiapclsa dcvoicc io Svaigalola and ilc oilci liglci maiciial icalms, and
ilai wlcn ilcy cnici ilc icalms ol India and ilc oilci dcmigods ilc dcvoiccs
bccomc aiiaclcd io ilc maiciial cnjoymcnis ilcic, and ilus ilcii unalloycd
dcvoiion io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs biolcn'
Icaiing ilai somconc migli iaisc ilis objcciion, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra +1
na cadlilaiilam api paiananumanai iad-ayogai
na-noi; ca-also; adlilaiilam-siaius; api-also; paiana-lalling;
anumanai-liom ilc inlcicncc; iai-ol ilai; a-noi; yogai-liom coniaci.
And noi ilai siaius cvcn, loi lcai ol lalling and loi lacl oi inicicsi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (and) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Tlc woid "api" (cvcn) is uscd
lcic io includc all ilc plcasuics picscni in ilc maiciial woild". Tlc woid
adlilaii" mcans "ilc posis ol India and ilc oilci dcmigods". Tlc niiapclsa
dcvoicc docs noi dcsiic ilcii posis. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains,
"paiananumanai" (loi lcai ol lalling). Tlis is cxplaincd in llagavad-gia (S.16),
wlcic Loid Kisna cxplains:
abialma-bluvanal lolc
punai avaiiino 'ijuna
"Iiom ilc liglcsi planci in ilc maiciial woild down io ilc lowcsi, all aic
placcs ol misciy wlcicin icpcaicd biiil and dcail ialc placc."
Also, ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs lavc no dcsiic io cnjoy ilc maiciial plcasuics ol
ilc liglci plancis. Dcsciipiions ol ilcsc iiuils can also bc lound in many placcs
in ilc Smiii-sasiia. Tlus, cvcn ilougl ilc gloiy ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may
caiiy lim io ilc icalms ol India and ilc oilci dcmigods, bccausc lc las no dcsiic
io cnjoy ilc maiciial plcasuics availablc in ilosc woilds, ilc niiapclsa dcvoicc
linds ilai lis unalloycd lovc and dcvoiion loi ilc Supicmc Loid icmains
unbiolcn.
In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi slows ilai ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs aic supciioi io
ilc paiinisiliia dcvoiccs also.
Sufra +2
upa-puivalam api iv clc blavam asana-vai iad uliam
upa-wiil ilc piclix "upa"; puivalam-bcginning (upasana, oi dcvoiional
scivicc); api-cvcn; iu-bui; clc-somc; blavam-dcvoiion; asana-lood; vai-
lilc; iai-ilai; uliam-spolcn.
lui somc cvcn ilai wlicl bcgins wiil "upa". Tlc pcilcci siagc ol dcvoiion is
lilc lood. Tlis is said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "api" (cvcn) is uscd loi cmplasis. Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd io
bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc opponcni's idca. Tlc woid "clc" (somc) mcans "ilc
lollowcis ol ilc Ailaiva Vcda". Tlc niiapclsa dcvoiccs dcsiic io cngagc in
dcvoiional scivicc. Tlc woid "upa-puivam" (ilc woid ilai bcgins wiil "upa")
lcic mcans upasana" (dcvoiional scivicc). Tlc woid "blava" lcic mcans "ilc
pcilcci siagc ol dcvoiion". Tlai pcilcci siagc is lilc lood (asana-vai) loi ilc
niiapclsa dcvoiccs. Tlis ilc sciipiuics say. In Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.1+) ii is
said:
blaliii asya blajanam iad ilamuiia
"Dcvoiional scivicc io Loid Kisna is pciloimcd wlcn ilc lcaii no longci
dcsiics any maiciial bcnclii io bc obiaincd in ilis lilc oi ilc ncxi."
In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad ii is also said:

sac-cid-anandaila-iasc blalii-yogc iisilaii
"Dcvoiional scivicc is cicinal and lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss."
Wlcicvci ilcy may gonc, ilc dcvoiccs woislip Loid Haii. Tlis is cvidcncc ilai
ilc dcvoiccs aic always lappy. Tlc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics:
so 'snuic saivan laman
"Tlc dcvoicc cnjoys. All lis dcsiics aic lullillcd."
Tlus, cvcn ilougl lc may bc icsiding in ilc maiciial woild, ilc dcvoicc
cxpciicnccs bliss cqual io ilc bliss ol ilc spiiiiual woild. Many quoics io
coiioboiaic ilis may bc lound by scaicling ilc Smiii-sasiia.
In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi slows us anoilci icason wly ilc niiapclsa
dcvoiccs, cvcn wiiloui cndcavoiing io aiiain ilcm, casily aiiain salolya (icsiding
on ilc samc planci wiil ilc Loid) and sampya (siaying ncai io ilc Loid)
libciaiion.
Sufra +3
balis iublayaila smiici acaiac ca
balil-ouisidc; iu-indccd; ublayaila-boil ways; smiicl-bccausc ol Smiii-
sasiia; acaiai-bccausc ol conduci; ca-also.
Cciiainly ouisidc in iwo ways bccausc ol Smiii-sasiia and conduci.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (cciiainly) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Tlc woid "balil"
(ouisidc) lcic mcans ilai alilougl ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs sccm io icsidc wiilin
ilc conlincs ol ilc maiciial woild, in iiuil ilcy aic ically ouisidc ilai woild. Wly
is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "ublayaila" (in iwo ways). In Simad-llagavaiam ii is
said:
visijaii lidayam na yasya salsad
dlaiii avasabliliio 'py aglaugla-nasal
pianaya-iasanaya dliianglii-padmal
sa blavaii blagavaia-piadlana ulial
"ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is so lind io ilc condiiioncd souls ilai il
ilcy call upon Him by spcaling His loly namc, cvcn uninicniionally oi
unwillingly, ilc Loid is inclincd io dcsiioy innumciablc sinlul icaciions in ilcii
lcaiis. Tlcicloic, wlcn a dcvoicc wlo las ialcn slclici ol ilc Loid's loius lcci
clanis ilc loly namc ol Kisna wiil gcnuinc lovc, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad can ncvci givc up ilc lcaii ol sucl a dcvoicc. Onc wlo las ilus
capiuicd ilc Supicmc Loid wiilin lis lcaii is io bc lnown as blagavaia-
piadlana, ilc mosi cxalicd dcvoicc ol ilc Loid."
Tlc woid "acaiai" (bccausc ol conduci) lcic mcans ilai ilc iclaiionslip ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and His dcvoiccs is lilc ilai ol a masici and
scivani oi lilc a jcwcl sci in gold. Tlis is cxplaincd in ilc Smiii-sasiias. In Simad-
llagavaiam (11.1+.16) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll dcclaics:
niiapclsam munim saniam
niivaiiam sama-daisanam
anuviajamy alam niiyam
puycyciy anglii-icnublil
"Wiil ilc dusi ol My dcvoiccs' loius lcci I dcsiic io puiily ilc maiciial woilds,
wlicl aic siiuaicd wiilin Mc. Tlus, I always lollow ilc looisicps ol My puic
dcvoiccs, wlo aic licc liom all pcisonal dcsiic, iapi in ilougli ol My pasiimcs,
pcacclul, wiiloui any lcclings ol cnmiiy, and ol cqual disposiiion cvciywlcic."
In ilcsc iwo ways ii is slown ilai ilc Loid and His dcvoiccs aic always
iogcilci, wlcilci ilcy aic wiilin ilc maiciial woild, oi ouisidc ilc boundaiics ol
ilc maiciial woild. Tlus cnmiiy io ilc Loid is ilc causc ol icpcaicd biiil and
dcail in ilc maiciial woild, and dcsiiuciion ol ilosc lcclings ol cnmiiy io ilc Loid
is ilc causc ol spiiiiual pcilcciion.
Adhikarana 11
The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead Profecfs and Mainfains fhe Nirapeksa
Devofee
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc picvious passagcs ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs disinicicsi in ilc plcasuics
availablc in lialmalola and ilc oilci liglci woilds was dcsciibcd. Now will bc
dcsciibcd ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs' disinicicsi in ilc plcasuics picscnily availablc in
ilis woild. In ilc Taiiiiiya Aianyala (3.1+.1) ii is said:
blaiia san bliiyamanam biblaiii
"Tlc Supicmc Loid mainiains His dcvoiccs."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad pcisonally
mainiain ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs, oi musi ilc dcvoiccs siiugglc io mainiain
ilcmsclvcs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Loid docs noi mainiain His dcvoiccs.
Tlc dcvoiccs musi siiugglc io mainiain ilcmsclvcs.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra ++
svaminal plala-siuici iiy aiicyal
svaminal-liom ilc Loid; plala-icsuli; siuicl-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia; iii-
ilus; aiicyal-Daiiaiicya Muni.
Iiom ilc Loid comc icsulis, loi ilai is lcaid in ilc Siuii-sasiia. Tlai is
Daiiaiicya's opinion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc bodily nccds ol ilc dcvoicc aic supplicd by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad (svaminal). Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "plala-siuicl" (loi ilai is
lcaid in ilc Siuii-sasiia). In Taiiiiiya Aianyala (3.1+.1) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad is dcsciibcd as ilc mainiainci ol ilc dcvoiccs. Tlis is also ilc opinion
ol Daiiaiicya Muni. In llagavad-gia (9.22), Loid Kisna Himscll dcclaics:
ananyas ciniayanio mam
yc janal paiyupasaic
icsam niiyabliyulianam
yoga-lscmam valamy alam
"lui ilosc wlo always woislip Mc wiil cxclusivc dcvoiion, mcdiiaiing on My
iiansccndcnial loim, io ilcm I caiiy wlai ilcy lacl, and I picscivc wlai ilcy
lavc."
In ilc Padma Puiana ii is said:
daisana-dlyana-samspaisaii
maisya-luima-vilangamal
svany apaiyani pusnanii
iailalam api padmaja
"ly vision, by mcdiiaiion, and by ioucl only do ilc lisl, ilc ioiioisc, and ilc
biids mainiain ilcii ollspiing. So do I also, O Padmaja."
Tlc dcvoiccs do noi wisl io iioublc ilc Loid loi ilcii mainicnancc. Siill,
bccausc ilc Loid's cvciy dcsiic is auiomaiically lullillcd, Hc mainiains His
dcvoiccs wiiloui any iioublc on His paii. Tlus, wlcn ilc dcvoiccs scivc ilc Loid
ilcy aic auiomaiically mainiaincd by ilc Loid. Tlis is cxplaincd in Taiiiiiya
Aianyala (3.1+.1).
In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi givcs an cxamplc io slow ilai ilc Loid is
dcicimincd io mainiain His dcvoiccs.
Sufra +5
aiivijyam iiy audulomis iasmai li paiiliyaic
aiivijyam-ilc iivl piicsi's woil; iiy-ilus; audulomil-Audulomi; iasmai-
loi ilai; li-indccd; paiiliyaic-is puiclascd.
Audulomi says Hc is lilc a iivil piicsi. Hc sclls Himscll loi ilai.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iii" is uscd in ilc scnsc ol similaiiiy. Tlus ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad acis lilc a iivil piicsi, loi ilc Loid mainiains ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs.
lccausc Hc las bccn puiclascd by ilcii dcvoiional scivicc, ilc Loid lullills ilc
bodily nccds ol His dcvoiccs. In ilc Visnu-dlaima ii is said:
iulas-dala-maiicna
jalasya cululcna ca
vilinic svam aimanam
blalicblyo blalia-vaisalal
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo dcaily lovcs His dcvoiccs, sclls
Himscll io ilcm in cxclangc loi a iulas lcal and palmlul ol waici."
Tlc iivil piicsis aic puiclascd loi a cciiain iasl by ilc yajamana's paymcni ol
dalsina. lcing an impcisonalisi, Audulomi cquaics dcvoiional scivicc wiil buying
and sclling. Ioi ilcsc icasons ilc niiapclsas aic ilc bcsi ol ilc dcvoiccs.
Sufra +6
siuics ca
siuicl-liom ilc Siuii-sasiia; ca-also.
Iiom ilc Siuii-sasiia also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc pciloimancc ol yajna ilc iivil piicsi givcs lis blcssing io ilc pciloimci
ol ilc yajna (yajamana). In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (1.7.S-9) ii is also said:
iasmad u laivam-vid udgaia biuyai lam ic lamam agayani
"Tlcn ilc lcaincd udgaia piicsi says: Ol wlai dcsiic slall I sing'"
In ilis way ilc iivil piicsi givcs ilc icsuli ol ilc yajna io ilc yajamana. As ilc
iivil piicsi ilus mainiains ilc yajamana, so ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
mainiains His dcvoicc.
Adhikarana 12
Medifafion on fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias will icvcal ilc aciiviiics ol ilc dcvoiccs alici ilcy
lavc aiiaincd iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc ol ilc Loid. In ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (1.+.23) ii is said:
iasmad cvam-vic clanio danial. . . aima va aic diasiavyal
"Onc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs pcacclul and
scll-coniiollcd. . . Tlcn lc gazcs on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Samsaya (doubi): lcic ii is said ilai onc wlo dcsiics io aiiain ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad slould also aiiain a long lisi ol viiiucs, bcginning wiil
bcing pcacclul and culminaiing in bcing iapi in mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid. Musi ilc
niiapclsa dcvoicc dcvclop all ilcsc viiiucs, oi may bc mcicly bccomc iapi in
mcdiiaiion on ilc Loid's loim, qualiiics, and pasiimcs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Alilougl onc may lavc aiiaincd
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, ilai lnowlcdgc docs noi bccomc siablc wiiloui ilc
dcvclopmcni ol pcacclulncss and a losi ol oilci viiiucs. Tlcicloic ilc dcvoicc
slould cndcavoi io aiiain all ilcsc viiiucs.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +7
salalaiy-aniaia-vidlil palscna iiiyam iadvaio vidly-adi-vai
salalaii-lclping; aniaia-anoilci; vidlil-iulc; palscna-in onc scnsc;
iiiyam-ilc iliid; iadvaial-lilc ilai; vidli-iulc; adi-bcginning; vai-lilc.
Dillcicni liom ilc lclplul iulcs is ilc iliid. Ii is lilc ilc iulcs and oilci ilings.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc "salalaiy-aniaia" (lclplul iulcs) lcic aic ilc iwo scis ol viiiucs: 1. ilosc
bcginning wiil pcacclulncss, and 2. ilosc bcginning wiil Vcdic yajnas. Tlcsc iwo
scis ol viiiucs lavc alicady bccn discusscd (in ilc puipoii ol suiia 3.+.26). Tlcsc
iulcs (vidlil) aic lcic considcicd in a ncw and dillcicni way. Tlcsc iulcs musi bc
obscivcd by ilc lollowcis (palscna) ol vainasiama-dlaima, bui ilcy nccd noi bc
obscivcd by ilcy wlo aic noi lollowcis ol vainasiama-dlaima, loi sucl pcisons
alicady posscss ilcsc viiiucs naiuially. Tlcicloic ilcsc pcisons aic oidcicd io
mcdiiaic on ilc Loid's loim, qualiiics, and pasiimcs.
Tlcn ilc suiia cxplains, "iiiyam iadvaial" (ilcic is a iliid iling lilc ilai).
Dcsiiing only io aiiain ilc Loid's mcicy, ilc niiapclsa dcvoicc cngagcs lis mind
in ilinling aboui ilc Loid. Tlai is ilc "iliid iulc" (iiiyam). Tlis is dcsciibcd in
ilc lollowing siaicmcni ol Siuii-sasiia:
manasaivcdam apiavyam
"Lngaging lis mind in ilinling ol Him, ilc dcvoicc aiiains ilc Loid."
Hcaiing aboui ilc Loid is donc wiil ilc body and claniing maniias gloiilying
ilc Loid is donc wiil ilc voicc. Mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid is donc wiil ilc mind.
Tlus mcdiiaiion is ilc iliid ol ilcsc ilicc pioccsscs.
To slow ilai mcdiiaiion musi bc pciloimcd ilc suiia givcs ilc cxamplc ol
iulcs and oilci ilings (vidly-adi-vai). As ilc lollowcis ol vainasiama musi
pciloim sandlya-upasana and oilci iiiuals, so ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs wlo lavc
aiiaincd iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Loid's loim,
qualiiics, and pasiimcs.
Tlis docs noi mcan ilai ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs slould noi pciloim japa,
woislip, and oilci spiiiiual aciiviiics, loi by mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid onc also
cngagcs in ilcsc oilci aciiviiics. Howcvci, loi ilc niiapclsa dcvoicc, mcdiiaiion
on ilc Loid is mosi impoiiani. In ilis way ilicc linds ol dcvoiccs siiuaicd in
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc lavc bccn dcsciibcd.
Adhikarana 13
The Differenf Asramas
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is aiiaincd by ilicc linds ol dcvoiccs,
bcginning wiil ilc svanisila dcvoiccs, las alicady bccn cxplaincd. Now will bc
cxplaincd ilc way io malc ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc vciy sicady and sccuic.
Ai ilc cnd ol ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.15.1) ii is said:
acaiya-lulad vcdam adliya yaila-vidlanam guiol laimaiiscscnablisamaviiya
luiumbc sucau dcsc svadlyayam adliyano dlaimilan vidadlaimani saivcndiiyani
sampiaiisilapyalimsan saiva-bluiany anyaiia iiilcblyal sa llalv cvam vaiiayan
yavad ayusam bialmalolam ablisampadyaic na ca punai avaiiaic.
"Iiom ilc acaiyas onc slould lcain ilc Vcdas. Onc slould pciloim lis duiics
and also ollci dalsina io lis spiiiiual masici. Tlcn onc slould acccpi lousclold
lilc, livc in a puic way, siudy ilc Vcdas, pciloim lis icligious duiics, cngagc all lis
scnscs in ilc Supicmc Loid's scivicc, noi laim any living bcing, and go on
pilgiimagc io loly placcs. A pcison wlo passcs lis lilc in ilis way gocs io ilc
spiiiiual woild. Hc docs noi iciuin io ilis woild ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilcy wlo aic noi in ilc gilasila-asiama ablc aiiain
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, oi aic ilcy noi ablc io aiiain ii'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Hcic and ilcic ilc sciipiuics may say ilai
ilc sannyass aic ablc io aiiain iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, bui ilis is only llaiiciy,
only cmpiy woids ol piaisc. Tlcsc passagcs mcicly mcan ilai onc slould icnouncc
cvciyiling loi ilc salc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc conclusion is
ilai in oidci io aiiain ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad onc musi acccpi ilc
gilasila-asiama. Tlai is ilc icacling ol ilc sciipiuics.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +8
liisna-blavai iu gilinopasamlaial
liisna-ol all; blavai-bccausc ol ilc cxisicncc; iu-bui; gilina-by ilc
gilasila; upasamlaial-ilc goal.
lui bccausc ol all ilc goal is by a gilasila.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Tlis passagc liom ilc
sciipiuics dcclaics ilai ilc goal is aiiaincd by a gilasila noi bccausc only ilcy can
aiiain libciaiion bui bccausc cvciyiling clsc (liisna-blavai) is coniaincd in
gilasila lilc. Tlis mcans ilai all ilc duiics ol all ilc asiamas aic in somc way
includcd in ilc duiics ol gilasila lilc. Tlcicloic ilc duiics ol oilci asiamas, sucl
as non-violcncc and scnsc-coniiol, aic duiics loi ilc gilasilas also. In laci no duiy
in any oilci asiama is incompaiiblc wiil gilasila lilc. In ilc Visnu Puiana ii is
said:
blilsa-blujas ca yc lccii
paiiviad bialmacaiinal
ic 'py aiiaiva piaiisilanic
gailasilyam icna vai paiam
"Sannyass, bialmacais, and all oilcis wlo cai ilc lood ol bcgging dcpcnd on
ilc gilasilas. Tlcicloic ilc gilasila-asiama is ilc bcsi ol asiamas."
lccausc ilc Siuii-sasiias dcclaic ilai ilc lollowcis ol ilc oilci asiamas may
also aiiain libciaiion, il ii is said ilai ilc lollowcis ol ilc gilasila-asiama aiiain
ilc goal ol lilc ii is bccausc ilai asiama coniains ilc duiics ol all ilc oilci
asiamas. Tlis is cxplaincd in ilc lollowing suiia.
Sufra +9
mauna-vad iiaicsam apy upadcsai
mauna-silcncc; vai-lilc; iiaicsam-ol oilcis; api-also; upadcsai-liom ilc
icacling.
lccausc ilcic is icacling ol oilcis lilc a silcni sagc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woids "mauna-vai" lcic iclci io ilc spiiiiual pcilcciion alicady dcsciibcd.
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (2.23.1) ii is said:
iiayo dlaima-slandla yajno 'dlyayanam danam iii piailamas iapa cva dviiyo
bialmacaiyacaiya-lula-vas iiiyo 'iyaniam aimanam acaiya-lulc 'vasadayan saiva
cic punya-lola blavanii bialma-samsilo 'miiaivam cii
"Rcligious lilc las ilicc bianclcs. Tlc liisi biancl is yajna, Vcdic siudy, and
claiiiy. Tlc sccond biancl is ausiciiiy. Tlc iliid biancl is living as a bialmacai
in ilc lomc ol ilc spiiiiual masici. ly siaying as a bialmacai in ilc lomc ol ilc
spiiiiual masici, cvciyonc bccomcs sainily and pious. Howcvci, only lc wlo ialcs
slclici ol ilc Supicmc Loid bccomcs immoiial."
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) ii is said:
ciam cva vidiiva munii blavaiy ciam cva piaviajino lolam ablpsanial piaviajanii
"Onc wlo undcisiands ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs wisc.
Dcsiiing io iiavcl io His iiansccndcnial woild, ilc bialmanas bccomc wandciing
sannyass."
In ilis way ii is sccn ilai ilc sciipiuics icacl ilai ilc wandciing sannyass, ilc
naisilila-bialmacais, and ilc lollowcis ol ilc oilci asiamas, all can aiiain
libciaiion. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilis suiia by ilc woids, "iiaicsam apy upadcsai".
Tlc woid "iiaicsam is in ilc pluial bccausc ilc duiics ol ilc dillcicni asiamas aic
vciy many. Tlc loui asiamas aic dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids ol ilc Jabala
Upanisad:
bialmacaiyam samapya gil blavci. gil bluiva van blavci. van bluiva
piaviajci. yadi vciaiaila bialmacaiyad cva piaviajcd gilad va vanad va. aila
punai aviai va viai snaialo vasnaialo voisannagnii anagnilo va yad alai cva
viiajyci iad alai cva piaviajci.
"Wlcn onc complcics lis siudics as a bialmacai, a man slould bccomc a
gilasila. Alici lc las bccn a gilasila lc may bccomc a vanapiasila. Alici lc las
bccn a vanapiasila lc may bccomc a wandciing sannyas. Oi, lcaving bialmacai
lilc lc may ai oncc bccomc a wandciing sannyas. Oi, lcaving gilasila lilc lc may
diiccily bccomc a sannyas. Oi, lcaving vanapiasila lilc lc may bccomc a sannyas.
Tlcy wlo lavc lollowcd vows oi noi lollowcd vows, bccomc a snaiala oi noi
bccomc a snaiala, caiclully lcpi ilc sacicd liic, oi noi lcpi
In ilc Jabala Upanisad passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids paiamalamsanam",
ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs aic spccilically dcsciibcd. Wlcn ilc gilasilas aic singlcd
oui ii is bccausc ilc duiics ol ilc oilci asiamas aic all coniaincd in ilc gilasila-
asiama. Siill, ilc Upanisad clcaily says, "On ilc day onc iuins wiil disiasic liom
ilc woild, on ilai day onc slould bccomc a wandciing sannyas." Tlis mcans ilai
wlcn onc sinccicly icnounccs ilc woild onc slould ai oncc acccpi sannyasa. In
ilis way ilc idca ilai ilc gilasila-asiama is ilc only piopci asiama is icluicd.
Wlcilci onc siill las maiciial dcsiics oi onc las losi all iasic loi maiciial ilings
dcicimincs wlcilci onc slould acccpi ilc gilasila-asiama oi ilc sannyasa-
asiama. Siill, wlcn a pcison las pcacclulncss, scll-coniiol, iolciancc, and oilci
viiiucs, lc may bc wiilin ilc vainasiama-dlaima, oi lc may bc abovc vainasiama-
dlaima, lc will cciiainly aiiain iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlis las bccn clcaily
cxplaincd.
Adhikarana 1+
The Secref of TranscendenfaI KnowIedge
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ii will bc said ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is a gicai sccici. In
Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.22) ii is said:
vcdanic paiamam gulyam
puia-lalpc piacodiiam
napiasaniaya daiavyam
napuiiayasisyaya va
"Tlis, ilc supicmc sccici ol Vcdic liiciaiuic, slould noi bc spolcn io onc wlo
is noi pcacclul oi in coniiol ol lis scnscs, noi io onc wlo is noi a duiilul son oi an
obcdicni disciplc."
Samsaya (doubi): Slould iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc bc iaugli io cvciyonc oi
slould ii noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Oui ol compassion ilc icaclci docs noi
disiinguisl bciwccn wlo is lii and wlo is noi lii io icccivc iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc. Hc icvcals ilc iiuil io all.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 50
anavisluivann anvayai
anavisluivan-noi manilcsiing; anvayai-bccausc ol iiadiiion.
Hc docs noi icvcal, bccausc ol ilc disciplic succcssion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "anavisluivan" mcans, "lc docs noi icacl ilc iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc". Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains: "anvayai" (bccausc ol ilc disciplic
succcssion). Tlis is dcclaicd in ilc picvious quoic liom ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad.
Tlc loius-cycd Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll dcclaics ii in ilcsc woids
(llagavad-gia 1S.67):
idam ic naiapaslaya
nablaliaya ladacana
na casusiusavc vacyam
na ca mam yo 'blyasuyaii
"Tlis conlidcniial lnowlcdgc may ncvci bc cxplaincd io ilosc wlo aic noi
ausicic, oi dcvoicd, oi cngagcd in dcvoiional scivicc, noi io onc wlo is cnvious ol
Mc."
Wlcn ii is givcn io ilcy wlo aic lii io icccivc ii, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
bcais liuii, bui wlcn ii is givcn io ilcy wlo aic noi lii io icccivc ii, ii docs noi
bcai liuii. Tlis is cxplaincd in Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (6.23):
yasya dcvc paia blaliil. . .
"Only unio ilosc gicai souls wlo lavc implicii laiil in boil ilc Loid and ilc
spiiiiual masici aic all ilc impoiis ol Vcdic lnowlcdgc auiomaiically icvcalcd."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.7.1-S.15.1) ilc sioiy ol low India and Viiocana
wcic boil iaugli iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Howcvci, bccausc Viiocana was noi a
lii siudcni, lc could noi undcisiand ii. Tlcicloic iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
slould bc iaugli io ilcy wlo aic ablc io undcisiand ii. Ii slould noi bc iaugli io
ilcy wlo aic noi ablc. Tlcy wlo aic laiillul and acccpi ilc sciipiuics aic ablc io
undcisiand.
Adhikarana 15
Affaining TranscendenfaI KnowIedge in This Lifefime
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc considcicd ilc iimc wlcn iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is manilcsicd.
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Tlc sioiics ol Nacilcia, Jabala, and
Vamadcva will bc discusscd lcic.
Samsaya (doubi): Is iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc manilcsicd in ilis lilc oi ilc
ncxi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii is manilcsicd in ilc vciy lilciimc ilai onc
siiivcs io aiiain ii. Tlis is bccausc a pcison siiiving loi lnowlcdgc ilinls, "Lci mc
aiiain ii in ilis lilciimc."

Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 51
aililam apiasiuia-piaiibandlc iad daisanai
aililam-in ilc picsini lilc; apiasiuia-noi manilcsicd; piaiibandlc-
impcdimcni; iai-ilai; daisanai-liom sccing.
In ilc abscncc ol obsiaclcs ii is in ilis lilc. Tlai is so bccausc ol sciipiuial
icvclaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn ilcic is no obsiaclc, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is manilcsicd in ilis
lilciimc. Wlcn ilcic is an obsiaclc ii is manilcsicd in anoilci lilciimc. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad daisanai" (Tlai is so bccausc ol sciipiuial
icvclaiion). In Kaila Upanisad (2.3.1S) ii is said:
miiyu-pioliam nacilcio 'ila labdlva
vidyam ciam yoga-vidlim ca liisnam
bialma-piapio viiajo 'blud vimiiyui
anyo 'py cvam yo vidadlyaimam cva
"Lcaining liom Yamaiaja ilc iiuil ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and yoga
piaciicc, Nacilcia aiiaincd ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Hc bccamc licc ol
ilc coniaminaiion ol maiciial lilc. Hc bccamc licc liom dcail. Anyonc clsc wlo
iiuly lnows ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad also bccomcs lilc Nacilcia."
Tlis icxi slows ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc can bc manilcsicd in onc
lilciimc. Somciimcs, lowcvci, a pcison siiivcs loi iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc bui
aiiains ii only in anoilci lilciimc. An cxamplc ol ilis is sccn in lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (1.+.10). Wlcn ilc obsiaclcs aic noi gicai and ilc cndcavoi is vciy
powcilul, onc can aiiain iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc in onc lilciimc. Nacilcia and
ilc ling ol Sauvia aic cxamplcs ol ilis. lui wlcn ilc obsiaclcs aic vciy powcilul,
ilcn iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may lavc io waii loi anoilci biiil, cvcn ilougl
onc may lavc pciloimcd gicai yajnas and ausiciiiics, givcn claiiiy, and dcvclopcd
pcacclulncss, scll-coniiol, and a losi ol oilci viiiucs. Tlis is conliimcd in ilc
lollowing woids ol llagavad-gia (6.37-+5):
"Aijuna said: O Kisna, wlai is ilc dcsiinaiion ol ilc unsucccsslul
iiansccndcnialisi, wlo in ilc bcginning ialcs io ilc pioccss ol scll-icalizaiion wiil
laiil bui wlo laici dcsisis duc io woildly-mindcdncss and ilus docs noi aiiain
pcilcciion in mysiicism'
"O migliy-aimcd Kisna, docs noi sucl a man, wlo is bcwildcicd liom ilc pail
ol iiansccndcncc, lall away liom boil spiiiiual and maiciial succcss and pciisl lilc
a iivcn cloud, wiil no posiiion in any splcic'
"Tlis is my doubi, O Kisna, and I asl You io dispcl ii complcicly. lui loi You,
no onc is io bc lound wlo can dcsiioy ilis doubi.
"Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad said: Son ol Piila, a iiansccndcnialisi
cngagcd in auspicious aciiviiics docs noi mcci wiil dcsiiuciion ciilci in ilis woild
oi in ilc spiiiiual woild. Onc wlo docs good, My liicnd, is ncvci ovcicomc by
cvil.
"Tlc unsucccsslul yog, alici many, many ycais ol cnjoymcni on ilc plancis ol
ilc pious living cniiiics, is boin inio a lamily ol iiglicous pcoplc, oi inio a lamily
ol iicl aiisiociacy.
"Oi (il unsucccsslul alici long piaciicc ol yoga) lc ialcs lis biiil in a lamily ol
iiansccndcnialisis wlo aic suicly gicai in wisdom. Cciiainly, sucl a biiil is iaic in
ilis woild.
"On ialing sucl a biiil, lc icvivcs ilc divinc consciousncss ol lis picvious lilc,
and lc iiics io malc luiilci piogicss in oidci io aclicvc complcic succcss, O son
ol Kuiu.
"ly viiiuc ol ilc divinc consciousncss ol lis picvious lilc, lc auiomaiically
bccomcs aiiiacicd io ilc yogic piinciplcs, cvcn wiiloui sccing ilcm. Sucl an
inquisiiivc iiansccndcnialisi siands always abovc ilc iiiualisiic piinciplcs ol ilc
sciipiuics.
"And wlcn ilc yog cngagcs limscll wiil sinccic cndcavoi in maling luiilci
piogicss, bcing waslcd ol all coniaminaiions, ilcn uliimaicly, aclicving pcilcciion
alici many, many biiils ol piaciicc, lc aiiains ilc supicmc goal."
Tlcicloic ii is noi an unlailing iulc ilai onc always aiiains iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc in onc lilciimc. A wisc man agiccs, "I may aiiain iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc in ilis lilciimc oi in anoilci lilciimc." Tlai is ilc dcsciipiion in ilc
sciipiuics. Tlcicloic onc may aiiain iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc in ilis lilciimc oi
in anoilci lilciimc. Il ilcic aic obsiaclcs, ilai lnowlcdgc may lavc io waii loi
anoilci lilciimc.
Adhikarana 16
TranscendenfaI KnowIedge and Liberafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc slown ilc iiuil ilai libciaiion incviiably lollows ilc aiiainmcni ol
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.17) ii is said:
iam cva vidvan amiia ila blavaii
"Hc wlo undcisiands ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad bccomcs immoiial."
In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (3.S) ii is said:
iam cva vidiivaii miiyum cii
"Only lc wlo lnows ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can iiansccnd ilc
bonds ol biiil and dcail."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc aiiain
libciaiion wlcn lc lcavcs lis maiciial body, oi musi lc ialc anoilci biiil and
ilcn bccomc libciaicd'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc cllcci musi lollow ilc causc,
sucl a pcison aiiains libciaiion ilc momcni lc lcavcs lis maiciial body.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 52
cvam mulii-plalaniyamas iad-avasilavadliics iad-avasilavadliicl
cvam-ilus; mulii-ol libciaiion; plala-ilc icsuli; a-noi; niyamal-iulc;
iai-ol ilai; avasila-siaic ol bcing; avadliicl-bccausc ol ilc dciciminaiion.
In ilc samc way ilcic is no spccilic iulc aboui libciaiion, loi ii dcpcnds on ilc
ciicumsianccs.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As ilcic is no iulc aboui iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, so ilcic is no iulc ilai a
pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and siiiving loi libciaiion musi aiiain
libciaiion in ilc samc lilciimc. Wlcn ilcic aic no longci any obsiaclcs, ilcn a
pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc aiiains libciaiion wlcn lc dics. Tlis
mcans wlcn ilcic aic no longci any pasi laimic icaciions. Wlcn ilcic aic no
laimic icaciions icmaining, ilcn onc aiiains libciaiion ai ilc momcni ol dcail.
Wlcn ilcic aic laimic icaciions icmaining onc docs noi aiiain libciaiion ai ilc
momcni ol dcail. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad-avasilavadliicl" (loi ii
dcpcnds on ilc ciicumsianccs). In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.1+.2) ii is said:
acaiyavan puiuso vcda iasya iavad cva ciiam yavan na vimolsyc aila sampaisyc
"Onc wlo appioaclcs a bona lidc spiiiiual masici can undcisiand cvciyiling
aboui spiiiiual icalizaiion. Wlcn lis pasi laimic icaciions aic cxlausicd lc ai
oncc aiiains libciaiion."
In ilis way ilc Clandogya Upanisad alliims ilai onc aiiains libciaiion wlcn
lis pasi laimic icaciions aic cxlausicd. In ilc Naiayanadlyaima ii is said:
vidvan amiiam apnoii
naiia laiya vicaiana
avasannam yadaiabdlam
laima iaiiaiva gacclaii
na ccd baluni janmani
piapyaivanic na samsayal
"A pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc aiiains libciaiion. Ol ilis ilcic
is no doubi. lui il lis pasi laimic icaciions aic noi dcsiioycd, many biiils may
pass bcloic lc linally aiiains libciaiion ai ilc cnd. Ol ilis ilcic is no doubi."
Alilougl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc cciiainly dcsiioys all pasi laimic
icaciions, siill, by ilc Supicmc Loid's will a cciiain poiiion ol pasi laimic
icaciions may icmain. Tlis will bc cxplaincd laici in ilis bool. Tlc lasi woid ol
ilc suiia is icpcaicd io indicaic ilc cnd ol ilc clapici.
EpiIogue
janayiiva vaiiagyam
gunaii nibadlnaii modayan blalian
yais iaii baddlo 'pi gunaii
anuiajyaii so 'siu mc laiil picyan
May Loid Haii, wlo givcs icnunciaiion ol ilc woild io His dcvoiccs and
dcliglis by binding ilcm wiil ilc iopcs ol His gloiious qualiiics and wlo is
Himscll bound wiil ilc iopcs ol His dcvoiccs' gloiious qualiiics, bc ilc objcci ol
my lovc and dcvoiion.
Chapfer +
Pada 1
Invocaiion
daiiva vidyausadlam blalian
niiavadyan laioii yal
dil-pailam blajaiu siman
piiyaima sa laiil svayam
May Loid Haii, wlo is gloiious, landsomc, blisslul, and lillcd wiil lovc, and
wlo cuics His dcvoiccs by giving ilcm ilc mcdicinc ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc,
cnici ilc pailway ol my cycs.
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis clapici will considci ilc iopic ol ilc icsulis obiaincd by onc wlo las
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Alilougl somc ol ilc suiias discuss ilc mcilods by
wlicl iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is obiaincd, bccausc mosi discuss ilc icsulis
obiaincd by iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, ilis clapici bcais ilc iiilc, Tlc Rcsulis ol
Tiansccndcnial Knowlcdgc".
Adhikarana 1
One ShouId AIways Engage in DevofionaI Service
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.5.6) ii is said:
aima va aic diasiavyal
"Onc slould gazc on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Samsaya (doubi): Musi spiiiiual piaciiccs, sucl as lcaiing aboui ilc Loid's
gloiics, bc pciloimcd icpcaicdly, oi is ii acccpiablc ilcy noi bc pciloimcd
icpcaicdly (bui only oncc)'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): As an agnisioma-yajna and oilci yajnas
nccd bc pciloimcd only oncc in oidci io giani icsidcncc in Svaigalola, in ilc samc
way spiiiiual piaciiccs lilc lcaiing aboui ilc Loid's gloiics nccd bc pciloimcd
only oncc loi ilc woislipci io diiccily scc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
Himscll.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
aviiiii asalid upadcsai
aviiiil-icpciiiion; asalii-many iimcs; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling.
Ii is icpcaicd many iimcs, loi ilai is ilc icacling.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc vaiious aciiviiics ol dcvoiional scivicc, wlicl bcgin wiil lcaiing ilc
gloiics ol ilc Loid, slould bc icpcaicd many iimcs. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "asalii" (many iimcs, loi ilai is ilc icacling). In ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (6.S.7) ii is said:
sa ya cso 'nima. ciad aimyam idam saivam. iai saiyam. sa aima. iai ivam asi.
"Hc is ilc icsiing placc. Lvciyiling comcs liom Him. Hc is ilc supicmc icaliiy.
Hc is ilc supicmc pcison. You aic lilc unio Him."
In ilcsc woids Svcialciu was insiiucicd ninc iimcs. Ii is illogical io say ilai il
ilc sciipiuic mcniions an aciiviiy oncc ilcn ilcic is no nccd io pciloim ilai
aciiviiy many iimcs. Tlis may apply io an aciiviiy wlcic ilc icsuli is noi diiccily
sccn, bui loi an aciiviiy ilai las ilc diicci pciccpiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad as iis icsuli, a icsuli ilai is clcaily sccn, ilc aciiviiy musi bc icpcaicd
uniil ilc icsuli is obiaincd. Tlis is lilc ilicsling iicc, wlcic ilc aciiviiy musi bc
coniinucd uniil ilc lusl is icmovcd. Tlcicloic ilc dcvoiional aciiviiics ilai bcgin
wiil lcaiing ilc Loid's gloiics slould bc pciloimcd again and again uniil ilc
icsuli is obiaincd.
Sufra 2
lingac ca
lingai-bccausc ol a sign; ca-also.
Also bccausc ol a sign.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Taiiiiiya Upanisad (3.2) lligu Muni icpcaicd a spiiiiual aciiviiy many
iimcs. ly ilis sign (lingai) ilc impoiiancc ol icpciiiion is piovcd. Ii is undcisiood
ilai icpciiiion is ncccssaiy loi ilc condiiioncd souls, wlo lavc commiiicd
ollcnscs.
Adhikarana 2
Medifafion on fhe SupersouI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now anoilci iopic will bc considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc mcdiiaic on ilc Loid as ilc supicmc coniiollci oi
as ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (+.7) ii is said:
jusiam yada pasyaiy anyam sam
"Hc sccs ilc Loid as ilc supicmc coniiollci."
Tlcicloic onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Loid as ilc supicmc coniiollci.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 3
aimcii iupagacclanii gialayanii ca
aima-ilc Supcisoul; iii-ilus; iu-indccd; upagacclanii-lnow;
gialayanii-icacl; ca-also.
Indccd, ilcy lnow and icacl ilai Hc is ilc Supcisoul.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, wlo is boil ilc supicmc coniiollci and ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul,
slould bc woislipcd. Tlcy wlo lnow ilc iiuil undcisiand ilai ilc Supcisoul is
ilc liisi causc ol all causcs. In ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
ycsam no 'yam aimayam lolal
"Hc is ilc Supcisoul, picscni in cvciyonc's lcaii."
Tlcy also icacl ilis iiuil io ilcii disciplcs. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(1.+.7) ii is said:
aimciy cvopasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supcisoul."
Tlc woid "aima" lcic slould bc undcisiood io mcan, "ilc all-powcilul
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc lumanlilc loim is lull ol lnowlcdgc and
bliss". Somc claim ilai ilc woid "aima" mcans, "Hc wlo givcs Himscll io cicaic
ilc living bcings and wlo ilcicloic is ilc pcison liom wlom ilc living bcings aic
manilcsicd". Tlc woid aima" lowcvci docs noi mcan ilai wlcn lc is liccd liom
illusion ilc individual spiiii soul bccomcs ilc Supicmc. Tlai is a lalsc idca, as wc
lavc alicady cxplaincd.
Adhikarana 3
The Supreme Lord Is Nof fhe Mind
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woislip ol ilc Loid is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids ol Clandogya
Upanisad (3.1S.1):
mano bialmciy upasia
"Onc slould woislip ilc Supicmc as ilc mind."
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc mcdiiaic on ilc mind as bcing idcniical wiil ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc sciipiuics alliim ilai ilc mind
and ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad aic noi dillcicni, ilcicloic ilis lind ol
mcdiiaiion slould bc donc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +
na piailc na li sal
na-noi; piailc-in ilc paii; na-noi; li-indccd; sal-Hc.
Noi in ilc paii. Ii is noi Hc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Onc slould noi ilinl ilai ilc mind oi oilci ilings ilai aic only paiis aic
idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll. Tlis is bccausc ilc Supicmc Loid is noi
idcniical wiil His paiis. Railci, ilc Supicmc Loid is ilc suppoii and ilc icsiing
placc ol ilc mind. In Simad-llagavaiam (11.2.+1) ii is said:
llam vayum agnim salilam malm ca
jyoimsi saiivani diso diumadn
saiii-samudiams ca laicl saiiam
yai lim ca bluiam pianamcd ananyal
"A dcvoicc slould noi scc anyiling as bcing scpaiaic liom ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Kisna. Lilci, liic, aii, waici, caiil, ilc sun, and oilci
luminaiics, all living bcings, ilc diicciions, iiccs and oilci planis, ilc iivcis and
occans, and wlaicvci a dcvoicc cxpciicnccs lc slould considci io bc an cxpansion
ol Kisna. Tlus sccing cvciyiling ilai cxisis wiilin cicaiion as ilc body ol ilc
Supicmc Loid, Haii, ilc dcvoicc slould ollci lis sinccic icspccis io ilc cniiic
cxpansion ol ilc Loid's body."
In ilis siiuaiion ilc nominaiivc casc slould bc undcisiood io lavc ilc loicc ol
ilc locaiivc. Tlai is ilc conclusion lcic.
Adhikarana +
The ImpersonaI Brahman
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii las alicady bccn slown ilai onc slould ilinl ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad as ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould onc ilinl ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad as
ilc impcisonal lialman, oi slould onc noi ilinl ol Him as ilc lialman'
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): Tlc dcsciipiions ol ilc impcisonal
lialman aic noi lilc ilc dcsciipiions ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
slould noi bc considcicd idcniical wiil ilc impcisonal lialman, loi ii las alicady
bccn conliimcd ilai Hc is idcniical wiil ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 5
bialma-disiii uilaisai
bialma-ol lialman; disiil-sigli; uilaisai-bccausc ol bcing cxalicd.
Hc is sccn as impcisonal lialman, loi Hc is mosi cxalicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As Hc is considcicd idcniical wiil ilc all-pcivading Supcisoul, so ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad slould also bc considcicd idcniical wiil ilc impcisonal
lialman. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "uilaisai" (loi Hc is mosi cxalicd).
Tlis mcans "loi Hc is ilc abodc ol limiilcss iiansccndcnial qualiiics". In ilc
lilad-aianyala Upanisad (2.5.19) ii is said:
ayam aima bialma saivanubluiil
"Hc is ilc all-lnowing Supcisoul and Hc is also ilc impcisonal lialman."
Tlis is also conliimcd by ilc icxi ilai bcgins "aila lasmad ucyaic bialma".
Adhikarana 5
The Creafor of fhe Sun
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Puiusa-sulia piayci (Rg Vcda 10.90) ii is said:
candiama manaso jaias
calsusal suiyo 'jayaia
sioiiad vayus ca pianas ca
mullad agnii ajayaia
"Iiom His mind ilc moon was boin. Iiom His cyc ilc sun was boin. Iiom His
cai ilc wind and ilc lilc bicail wcic boin. Iiom His mouil liic was boin."
Hcic ilc Supicmc Loid's cycs and ilc oilci paiis ol His body aic dcsciibcd as
ilc causcs ol ilc sun and oilci paiis ol ilc woild.
Samsaya (doubi): Slould ilcy bc ilougli ol causcd in ilis way oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Loid's cycs and ilc oilci paiis ol His
body aic said io bc soli and dclicaic lilc loius llowcis and oilci soli ilings. Tlai is
wly ilcy cannoi bc ilc causc ol ilings ilai aic laisl, iougl, and vciy powcilul
(lilc ilc sun).
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 6
adiiyadi-maiayas canga upapaiicl
adiiya-ilc sun; adi-bcginning wiil; maiayal-conccpiion; ca-and; angc-
in ilc limb; upapaiicl-bccausc ol bcing icasonablc.
Also, ilc idca ol ilc sun and oilci ilings is in ilc limb, loi ilai is icasonablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic io bcgin ilc icluiaiion ol ilc opponcni's
aigumcni. Tlis lind ol mcdiiaiion on Loid Visnu's cycs and ilc oilci paiis ol His
body slould bc pciloimcd. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "upapaiicl" (loi ilai
is icasonablc). Tlis mcdiiaiion is piopci loi ii slows ilc Loid's gicaincss. Ii is by
ilc Loid's gicaincss ilai His cycs aic ilc cicaioi ol ilc sun and ilc oilci paiis ol
His body aic ilc cicaiois ol oilci gicai ilings. In ilis way ii ilc sciipiuics piovc
ilai ilc paiis ol ilc Loid's body aic iiansccndcnial. Tlcy aic noi lilc anyiling in
ilc maiciial woild.
Adhikarana 6
Asanas and Medifafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (2.S) ii is said:
iiii-unnaiam silapya samam saiiam
lidndiiyani manasa sannivcsya
bialmodupcna piaiaicia vidvan
sioiamsi saivani blayavalani
"Wiil ilc nccl, lcad, and bacl siiaigli, and wiil all powcis ol conccniiaiion,
onc slould mcdiiaic on ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad siaying in ilc lcaii
as ilc Supcisoul. Tiavcling in ilc boai ol ilc Supicmc Loid's mcicy, ilc lcaincd
dcvoicc ciosscs ilc iaging lcailul waicis ol ilc cyclc ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail."
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn mcdiiaiing on ilc Loid is ii compulsoiy ilai onc adopi
ilc asana (yoga siiiing-posiuic) dcsciibcd lcic, oi is ii noi compulsoiy'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Mcdiiaiion is pciloimcd in ilc mind.
Tlcicloic ilc adopiion ol a paiiiculai posiuic ol ilc body is noi compulsoiy.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 7
asnal samblavai
asnal-siiiing; samblavai-bccausc ol possibiliiy.
Siiiing, loi ilcn ii is possiblc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Onc slould adopi an asana (yoga siiiing-posiuic), and ilcn mcdiiaic on ilc
Loid. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, samblavai" (loi ilcn ii is possiblc). Wlcn
onc is icclining, sianding up, oi walling, ilc mind is liablc io bc disiiacicd and
ilcn mcdiiaiion is noi possiblc. In Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (1.3) ii is said:
ic dlyana-yoganugaia apasyan
"Siiiing in a yoga posiuic, and iapi in mcdiiaiion, ilc sagcs gazcd ai ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In ilis way ilcy wlo dcsiic io mcdiiaic on ilc Loid aic dcsciibcd. Tlcicloic
onc slould adopi ilc asana posiuic. Oilciwisc mcdiiaiion is noi possiblc.
Sufra 8
dlyanac ca
dlyanai-bccausc ol mcdiiaiion; ca-also.
Also bccausc ol mcdiiaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Mcdiiaiion is dclincd as ilinling ol onc iling only and noi ilinling ol
anyiling clsc. Tlis lind ol ilinling is noi possiblc wlcn onc is icclining oi in any
posiuic bui ilc yoga asana. Tlcicloic onc slould sii in ilc yoga asana.
Sufra 9
acalaivam capclsya
acalaivam-siillncss; ca-and; apclsya-in iclaiion io.
Also bccausc ii is iclaicd io siillncss.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ilc
woid "dlyana" (mcdiiaiion) is uscd as a synonym ol "siillncss". Tlcic ii is said
(Clandogya Upanisad 7.6.1):
dlyayaiva piiliv
"Tlc caiil is siill, as il ii wcic iapi in mcdiiaiion."
Tlis also linis ilai mcdiiaiion slould bc pciloimcd wlcn onc is siiiing in a
yoga asana. Lvcn in ilc mundanc allaiis ol ilc woild ilc woid "dlyana" is uscd in
ilis way, as in ilc scnicncc, "dlyayaii laniam piosiia-iaman" (ilc giil is siill, iapi
in mcdiiaiion on lci abscni bclovcd).
Sufra 10
smaianii ca
smaianii-ilc Smiii-sasiia; ca-also.
Tlc Smiii-sasiia also.
Puipoii by Sila laladcva Vidyablusana
In llagavad-gia (7.11-13), ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cxplains:
sucau dcsc piaiisilapya
siliiam asanam aimanal
naiy-uccliiiam naii-ncam
cailajina-lusoiiaiam
iaiiailagiam manal liiva
yaia-ciiicndiiya-liiyal
upavisyasanc yunjyai
yogam aima-visuddlayc
samam laya-siio-givam
dlaiayann acalam siliial
sampiclsya nasilagiam svam
disas canavalolayan
"To piaciicc yoga, onc slould go io a sccludcd placc and slould lay lusa giass
on ilc giound and ilcn covci ii wiil a dccislin and a soli cloil. Tlc scai slould
bc nciilci ioo ligl noi ioo low and slould bc siiuaicd in a sacicd placc. Tlc yog
slould ilcn sii on ii vciy liimly and piaciicc yoga io puiily ilc lcaii by
coniiolling lis mind, scnscs, and aciiviiics and lixing ilc mind on onc poini. Onc
slould lold onc's body, lcad, and nccl cicci in a siiaigli linc and siaic sicadily ai
ilc iip ol ilc nosc."
In ilis way ilc Smiii-sasiia cxplains ilai ilcy wlo mcdiiaic slould lccp ilcii
bodics, scnscs, and minds siill. Wiiloui adopiing ilc yoga asana sucl siillncss is
noi possiblc. Tlcicloic a pcison cngagcd in mcdiiaiion slould adopi ilc yoga
asana.
Adhikarana 7
The True Nafure of Medifafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now anoilci poini will bc considcicd in iclaiion io lilad-aianyala Upanisad
+.5.6.
Samsaya (doubi): In woisliping ilc Loid aic ilcic icsiiiciions ol diicciion,
placc, and iimc io bc obscivcd, oi aic ilcic no sucl icsiiiciions'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In Vcdic iiiuals ilcic aic sucl icsiiiciions.
lccausc woislip ol ilc Loid is also dcsciibcd in ilc Vcdas, ilcsc icsiiiciions musi
also apply io woislip ol ilc Loid.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 11
yaiiailagiaia iaiiaviscsai
yaiia-wlcic; clagiaia-singlc-poinicd conccniiaiion; iaiia-ilcic; aviscsai-
bccausc ol noi bcing spccilic.
Wlcic is singlc-poinicd conccniiaiion, ilcic bccausc noiling is spccilic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis suiia mcans, "In wlaicvci diicciion, placc, oi iimc (yaiia) ilcic is singlc-
poinicd conccniiaiion (clagiaia) ol ilc mind, in ilai (iaiia) diicciion, placc, oi
iimc onc slould woislip Loid Haii". Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai in ilc woislip ol
ilc Loid ilcic is no icsiiiciion ol diicciion, placc, oi iimc. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "aviscsai" (bccausc ilcic is noiling spccilic). Tlis mcans, "bccausc ilc
sciipiuics givc no spccilic insiiuciion in ilis maiici". In ilc Vaiala Puiana ii is
said:
iam cva dcsam scvcia
iam lalam iam avasiliiim
ian cva blogan scvcia
mano yaiia piasdaii
na li dcsadiblil lascid
viscsal samudiiial
manal-piasadanaiilam li
dcsa-laladi-cinianam
"Onc slould sccl a placc, iimc, siiuaiion, and scnsoiy cnviionmcni wlcic ilc
mind bccomcs pcacclul and clccilul. Oilci ilan ilai ilcic is no spccilic
insiiuciion aboui placc oi cnviionmcni. Placc, iimc, siiuaiion, and scnsoiy
cnviionmcni slould bc closcn io laciliiaic a pcacclul and clccilul mind."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Is ii noi so ilai ilcic aic aciually iulcs icgaiding ilc
placc ol woislip' Ioi cxamplc, in ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (2.10) ii is said:
samc sucau sailaia-valni-valula-
vivaijiic sabda-jalasiayadiblil
mano-'nululc na iu calsu-pdanc
gula-nivaiasiayanc niyojayci
"Onc slould piaciicc yoga is a soliiaiy placc wiil lcvcl giound licc liom
pcbblcs and sioncs, licc liom winds, clcan and puic, plcasing io ilc mind, noi
unplcasing io ilc cycs, sccludcd, and lai liom noisy bailing placcs."
Also, onc slould mcdiiaic in a loly placc, loi loly placcs biing libciaiion.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: Ycs. Ii is iiuc. Siill, ilcic may bc an unloiiunaic
siiuaiion wlcic onc is noi ablc io ialc slclici ol a loly placc, alilougl ol couisc,
il ilcic is no sucl misloiiunc, onc slould siay in a loly placc and woislip ilc
Loid ilcic. Siill, ilc linal conclusion is givcn lcic in ilc woids "mano-'nululc"
(onc slould lind a placc ilai is plcasing io ilc mind).
Adhikarana 8
DevofionaI Service Confinues Affer Liberafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Piasna Upanisad (5.1) ii is said:
sa yo laiiad blagavan manusycsu piayananiam omlaiam ablidlyayia
"O masici, wlai woild is aiiaincd by a pcison wlo up io ilc cnd ol lis lilc
coniinucs io mcdiiaic on Om'"
In ilc Nisimla-iapan Upanisad (2.+) ii is said:
yam saivc dcva namanii mumulsavo bialma-vadinas ca
"All wlo aic dcmigods, all wlo aic plilosoplcis, and all wlo ycain io aiiain
libciaiion woislip ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (3.10.5) ii is said:
ciai sama-gayann asic
"Tlcy sii down and clani ilc Sama Vcda io gloiily Him."
In ilc Rg Vcda (1.22.20) ii is said:
iad visnol paiamam padam
sada pasyanii suiayal
"Tlc wisc and lcaincd dcvoiccs always scc ilc supicmc abodc ol Loid Visnu."
In ilcsc vciscs ii is said ilai dcvoiional scivicc boil lcads io libciaiion and also
coniinucs alici libciaiion.
Samsaya (doubi): Is dcvoiional scivicc pciloimcd only bcloic libciaiion, oi is ii
noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc libciaiion is ilc goal io bc aiiaincd
by pciloiming dcvoiional scivicc, ilcicloic dcvoiional scivicc is pciloimcd only as
long as onc is noi libciaicd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 12
apiayanai iaiiapi li disiam
a-uniil; piayanai-libciaiion; iaiia-ilcic; api-cvcn; li-indccd; disiam-
sccn.
Uniil libciaiion. Lvcn ilcic ii is sccn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Dcvoiional scivicc slould bc pciloimcd boil bcloic and alici libciaiion. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "li disiam". Tlai mcans, "bccausc ii is sccn in ilc Siuii-
sasiia. In ilc Saupaina-siuii ii is said:
saivadainam upasia yavad vimuliil. mulia api ly cnam upasaic
"lcloic aiiaining libciaiion ilc gicai souls always woislip ilc Loid. Alici
aiiaining libciaiion ilcy coniinuc io woislip Him."
In ilis way ii is said ilai ilc Loid is woislipcd in boil ciicumsianccs.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc libciaicd souls do noi woislip ilc Loid. Tlis is
so bccausc ilcy lavc no goal io aiiain by sucl woislip and bccausc ilc sciipiuics
do noi oidci sucl woislip.
To ilis I icply: Tlai is iiuc. Siill, cvcn ilougl ilcic is no sciipiuial oidci io
compcl ilcm, ilc libciaicd souls ncvciilclcss woislip ilc Loid bccausc ilcy aic
aiiiacicd by His iiansccndcnial landsomcncss. Also, a pcison wlo las jaundicc
cais sugai candy as mcdicinc, bui wlcn lc is cuicd lc also coniinucs io cai sugai.
In ilc samc way ilc libciaicd souls coniinuc io woislip ilc Loid. In ilis way ii is
piovcd ilai ilc gicai souls woislip ilc Loid boil bcloic and alici ilcy aiiain
libciaiion.
Adhikarana 9
TranscendenfaI KnowIedge Desfroys Pasf Sins
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc way io aiiain iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc laving alicady bccn considcicd,
now will bc considcicd ilc icsulis ol ilai lnowlcdgc. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(+.1+.3) ii is said:
yaila puslaia-palasa apo na slisyanic cvam cva vidi papam laima na slisyaic
"As waici docs noi ioucl a loius lcal, so sin docs noi ioucl a pcison siiuaicd in
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (5.2+.3) ii is said:
iad yailaisla-iulam agnau pioiam piaduyciaivam lasya saivc papmanal
piaduyanic
"As a bladc il sla giass is ai oncc consumcd by a liic, so aic consumcd ilc sins
ol a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc."
Samsaya (doubi): Musi onc cxpciicncc ilc icsulis ol pasi and picscni sinlul
dccds io bccomc licc liom ilc laimic icsulis, oi aic sucl icsulis dcsiioycd and
non-cxisicni loi a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Onc cannoi bccomc licc liom laimic
icaciions in any way oilci ilan cxpciicncing ilcii icsulis. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc
lollowing woids ol ilc Smiii-sasiia:
nabluliam lsyaic laima
lalpa-loii-saiaii api
avasyam cva bloliavyam
liiam laima sublasublam
"Lvcn alici millions ol lalpas onc docs noi cannoi bccomc licc liom laimic
icaciions in any way oilci ilan cxpciicncing ilcii icsulis. Tlcicloic onc musi
cxpciicncc ilc icsulis ol good and cvil dccds."
Tlis bcing so, all sciipiuial passagcs dcclaiing oilciwisc slould bc undcisiood
io bc mcicly cmpiy llaiiciy ollcicd io ilcy wlo aic siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 13
iad-adligama uiiaia-puivaglayoi aslcsa-vinsasau iad-vyapadcsai
iad-adligamc-in ilc lnowldcgc ol Him; uiiaia-alici; puiva-and bcloic;
aglayol-ol sins; aslcsa-noi ioucling; vinsasau-dcsiiuciion; iai-ol ilai;
vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling.
Wlcn lnowlcdgc ol Him is aiiaincd, ilcn ilcic is dcsiiuciion and noi ioucling
ol pasi and picscni sins, loi ilai is ilc icacling.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iad-adligamal" lcic mcans, "lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy
ol Godlcad". Wlcn sucl lnowlcdgc is picscni, ilcn a pcison is no longci iouclcd
by sinlul icaciions io picscni dccds, and all accumulaicd pasi laima is dcsiioycd.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad-vyapadcsai" (loi ilai is ilc icacling). Tlis
icacling las alicady bccn slown in ilc iwo passagcs ol Clandogya Upanisad
quoicd in ilc iniioduciion io ilis adlilaiana. No onc las ilc powci io icluic ilc
clcai mcaning ol ilcsc iwo passagcs ol Siuii-sasiia. Tlc passagc dcclaiing ilai onc
docs noi bccomc licc liom laimic icaciions in any way oilci ilan cxpciicncing
ilcii icsulis is mcani io iclci only io pcisons noi siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc.
Adhikarana 10
TranscendenfaI KnowIedge Desfroys Pasf Pious Karmic Reacfions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) ii is said:
ublc u laivaisa cic iaiaiy amiial sadlv-asadlun
"Hc ciosscs bcyond all laimic icaciions, boil good and cvil, and lc bccomcs
immoiial."
In ilis way ii is said ilai lc ciosscs bcyond ilc laimic icaciions io boil sins
and pious dccds.
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc icaciions ol pasi pious dccds mcci ilc samc laic as ilc
icaciions ol pasi sins, ilai is, aic ilc pasi pious dccds dcsiioycd and ilc picscni
pious dccds unablc io ioucl ilc pcison pciloiming ilcm, oi is ilis noi so'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlis is noi ilc laic ol pasi and picscni
pious dccds, loi sucl dccds aic noi pciloimcd in disobcdicncc io ilc icaclings ol
ilc Vcdas. Tlcicloic onc docs noi bccomc licc liom laimic icaciions io sucl
dccds in any way oilci ilan by cxpciicncing ilcii icsulis. Tlcicloic ii is noi iigli
io say ilai a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc can aiiain libciaiion as
long as ilc obsiaclc ol pasi good laima is siill picscni.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1+
iiaiasyapy cvam aslcsal paic iu
iiaiasya-ol anoilci; api-also; cvam-ilus; aslcsal-noi ioucling; paic-in
dcsiiuciion; iu-indccd.
Indccd, wlcn ii is dcsiioycd ilc oilci ccascs io ioucl.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis suiia mcans ilai wlcn iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is picscni, ilcn ilc
oilci (iiaiasya), wlicl lcic mcans ilc pasi and picscni laimic icaciions ol pious
dccds, is dcsiioycd and ccascs io ioucl. Tlus lappcns in ilc samc way ii lappcns
io pasi and picscni sinlul icaciions. Ii is noi ilai bccausc ilcy aic picsciibcd by
ilc Vcdas, maiciial pious dccds do noi obsiiuci iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlc
icsuli biougli by maiciial pious dccds is an obsiaclc impcding ilc icsuli biougli
by iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. In iiuil, maiciial pious dccds aic noi puic and
spiiiiual. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.+.1) ii is said:
saivc papmano 'io nivaiianic
"All sins aic ilcn dcsiioycd."
In ilis conicxi ilc woid "sins" is uscd io includc maiciial pious dccds also. In
llagavad-gia (+.37) ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alliims:
yailaidlamsi samiddlo 'gnil. . .
"As a blazing liic iuins liicwood io aslcs, O Aijuna, so docs ilc liic ol
lnowlcdgc buin io aslcs all icaciions io maiciial aciiviiics."
In ilis vcisc ilc dcsiiuciion ol laimic icaciions is dcsciibcd. In ilcsc gcncial
woilds all laimic icaciions, pasi and picscni, sinlul and pious, aic includcd. Tlc
auiloi ol ilc suiias dcsciibcs ilis lcic in ilc woids "paic iu" (indccd, wlcn ii is
dcsiioycd). Tlc woid "iu" (indccd) is uscd loi cmplasis. In ilis way ilcic is
noiling wiong wiil ilc siaicmcni ilai libciaiion is aiiaincd wlcn onc's laimic
icaciions aic dcsiioycd.
Adhikarana 11
Arabdha-phaIa and Anarabdha-phaIa Karmic Reacfions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc causcs ilc dcsiiuciion
ol all pasi pious and sinlul laimic icaciions, ilcn ii would auiomaiically biing
wiil ii (ilc libciaiion ol ilc soul, and wiil ilai) ilc suddcn dcail ol ilc maiciial
body. Tlis clcaily docs noi lappcn, and ilcicloic wlai las bccn said aboui
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc cannoi bc iiuc.
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias now bcgins ilis adlilaiana io icluic ilis objcciion.
Pasi pious and sinlul laimic icaciions aic ol iwo linds: 1. anaiabdla-plala (wlcic
ilc icaciions lavc noi yci bcgun io manilcsi), and 2. aiabdla-plala (wlcic ilc
icaciions lavc bcgun io manilcsi).
Samsaya (doubi): Docs iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcsiioy boil linds ol pasi
laimic icaciions, oi docs ii dcsiioy only ilc anaiabdla-plala laimic icaciions'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc passagc liom lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (+.+.22) quoicd in ilc bcginning ol adlilaiana 10, ii is clcaily said ilai
boil linds ol laimic icaciions aic dcsiioycd. In ilis way ii is clcai ilai
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc complcicly dcsiioys boil linds ol laimic icaciions.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 15
anaiabdla-laiyc cva iu puivc iad avadlcl
anaiabdla-noi bcgun; laiyc-cllcci; cva-indccd; iu-bui; puivc-picvious;
iai-ilai; avadlcl-ol ilc duiaiion ol iimc.
lui only anaiabdla-plala laimic icaciions, loi ilai is ilc iimc limii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Only ilc anaiabdla-plala
pasi pious and sinlul laimic icaciions, icaciions ilai lavc noi yci bcgun io bcai
liuii, aic dcsiioycd by iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlc aiabdla-plala laimic
icaciions, wlicl lavc alicady bcgun io bcai liuii, aic noi dcsiioycd in ilai way.
Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad-avadlcl" (loi ilai is ilc iimc limii). In
Clandogya Upanisad (6.1+.2) ii is said:
iasya iavad cva ciiam yavan na vimolsyc
"Onc cannoi aiiain libciaiion as long as lis pasi laimic icaciions pcisisi."
In Simad-llagavaiam (10.S7.+0) ilc pcisonilicd Vcdas piay io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad:
ivad-avagam na vciii blavad-uiila-sublasublayol
guna-vigunanvayams iaili dcla-bliiam ca giial
"Wlcn a pcison icalizcs You, lc no longci caics aboui His good and bad
loiiunc aiising liom pasi pious and sinlul acis, sincc ii is You alonc wlo coniiol
ilis good and bad loiiunc. Sucl a icalizcd dcvoicc also disicgaids wlai oidinaiy
living bcings say aboui lim."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai, by ilc Supicmc Loid's will, ilc living
cniiiy icmains in lis maiciial body uniil lis aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions aic
dcsiioycd. Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is vciy powcilul. Ii can ai oncc buin away
all pasi laimic icaciions, lcaving bclind no icmaindci. In ilis ii is lilc a blazing
liic ilai ai oncc buins up any lind ol lucl ilai may bc supplicd.
Alilougl ilcsc siaicmcnis ol sciipiuic slould bc acccpicd, siill ii is sccn ilai
many gicai sagcs, wisc wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, siill icmain living wiilin
maiciial bodics. In ilai siiuaiion ii slould bc acccpicd ilai, by ilc will ol ilc
Loid, ilcsc sagcs siay in ilis woild, ilcii aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions noi yci
cxlausicd, loi ilc puiposc ol icacling ilc iiuil ol spiiiiual lilc io ilc oilcis. As a
jcwcl oi oilci impcdimcni may siop ilc buining ol a liic, so iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc's powci io buin away all laimic icaciions may bc sioppcd in cciiain
ciicumsianccs lilc ilis.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Wiiloui ialing slclici ol a sciics ol pasi laimic
icaciions, iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi bccomc manilcsicd. Tlosc laimic
icaciions may bc compaicd io a poiici's wlccl. As, oncc bcgun io spin, ilc poiici's
wlccl giadually siops ol iis own accoid, so pasi laimic icaciions giadually comc
io a siop.
To ilis objcciion I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is vciy
powcilul. Ii can ai oncc upiooi all laimic icaciions. Ii is only ilc will ol ilc
Supicmc Loid ilai siops iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Wlcn a lcavici sionc is
placcd on a spinning poiicis wlccl, ilc wlccl comcs io an abiupi lali.
(Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc siops all laimic icaciions in a way lilc ilai.)
Tlcicloic wlai was said in ilc bcginning aboui iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is iigli
and iiuc.
Adhikarana 12
ReguIar Dufies and Karmic Reacfions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may say: Ii las bccn said ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcsiioys
all pasi pious laimic icaciions. Tlcicloic iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcsiioys all
lamya-laima (icaciions io pious dccds pciloimcd io aiiain spccilic dcsiics) as
wcll as all niiya-laimas (laimic icaciions io icgulai pious duiics).
To icluic ilis idca ilc picscni adlilaiana is bcgun.
Samsaya (doubi): lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) cxplains ilai
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcsiioys all pasi pious and sinlul laimic icaciions. Docs
ilis mcan ilai, as lamya-laima icaciions aic dcsiioycd by iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, ilc icaciions io niiya-laima aciiviiics, sucl as ilc pciloimanccs ol
agniloiia-yajnas, aic also dcsiioycd in ilc samc way, oi aic ilcy noi also
dcsiioycd'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii is ilc naiuic ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
io dcsiioy all laimic icaciions. lccausc ii cannoi abandon iis own naiuic,
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc musi dcsiioy ilc icaciions ol niiya-laimas also.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 16
agniloiiadi iu iai laiyayaiva iad-daisanai
agniloiia-agniloiia-yajnas; adi-bcginning wiil; iu-bui; iai-ilai;
laiyaya-loi an cllcci; cva-indccd; iai-ilai; daisanai-bccausc ol icvclaiion.
lui agniloiia-yajnas and oilci iiiuals lavc ilai as ilcii cllcci, loi ilai is ilc
icvclaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "iu" (bui) is uscd lcic io dispcl doubi. Pciloimcd bcloic
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is manilcsicd, ilc daily agniloiia-yajna and oilci niiya-
laimas lavc ilc manilcsiaiion ol iiansccndcnial as ilcii laimic icaciion. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad-daisanai" (loi ilai is ilc icvclaiion). In ilc lilad-
aianyala Upanisad (+.+.22) ii is said:
iam ciam vcdanuvacancna
"ly siudying ilc Vcdas ilcy comc io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
Tlis mcans ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc (is ilc laimic icsuli ol niiya-
laimas, sucl as siudy ol ilc Vcdas). Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, ilcn, dcsiioys all
pasi pious laimic icaciions cxccpi loi ilosc ol niiya-laima duiics, sucl as ilc
pciloimancc ol daily agniloiia-yajnas. Tlai is ilc mcaning ol ilc suiia.
Tiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi dcsiioy ilc laimic icaciions ol niiya-
laima duiics loi ilc aiiainmcni ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is iiscll ilc laimic
icaciion ilcsc duiics pioducc. Wlcn a lousc is sci aliic somc sccds wiilin ii may
bccomc lcaicd bui noi dcsiioycd. Sucl giains can ncvci bc sown, loi ilcy will
ncvci spioui inio planis. In ilc samc way ilc icaciions io niiya-laima aciiviiics
aic noi dcsiioycd (alilougl ilcy will noi spioui inio luiuic maiciial bondagc). In
ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad ii is said:
laimana piiilolal
"ly pciloiming niiya-laima duiics onc gocs io Piiilola."
Tlis slows ilai somciimcs niiya-laima duiics biing ilc aiiainmcni ol
Svaigalola as ilcii laimic icaciion. Tlcsc icaciions all bccomc dcsiioycd.
Adhikarana 13
Some Fine Poinfs of Karmic Reacfions
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii las bccn slown ilai by ilc Loid's will ilc aiabdla-plala pious and sinlul
laimic icaciions ol ilcy wlo aic cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc
icmain and aic noi dcsiioycd. Tlc Loid docs ilis so ilc cnliglicncd souls may
siay in ilc maiciial woild loi somc iimc and icacl ilc spiiiiual iiuil io ilc pcoplc
in gcncial. Now ii will bc slown ilai loi somc niiapclsa dcvoiccs ilc Loid ai oncc
dcsiioys ilcii aiablda-plala laimic icaciions. Tlus ilcsc dcvoiccs do noi lavc
cxpciicncc ilcsc laimic icaciions. In ilc Kasial Upanisad (1.+) ii is said:
iai-suliia-dusliic vidlunuic iasya piiya jnaiayal suliiam upayaniy apiiya
dusliiam
"His pious and sinlul laimic icaciions aic icmovcd. His pious icaciions aic
givcn io lis liicnds and linsmcn. His sinlul icaciions aic givcn io lis cncmics."
In ilc Saiyayani-sasiia ii is said:
iasya puiia dayam upayanii sulidal sadlu-liiyam dvisanial papa-liiyam.
"His clildicn claim ilcii inlciiiancc, and lis liicnds claim ilc icaciions ol lis
pious dccds. His cncmics musi ialc ilc icaciions ol lis sins."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions somciimcs dcsiioycd
wiiloui ilc pcison laving io cxpciicncc ilcii icsulis, oi is ilis ncvci so'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Wiiloui cxpciicncing ilcm, aiabdla-plala
laimic icaciions aic ncvci dcsiioycd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 17
aio 'nyapi ly clcsam ublayol
aial-ilcn; anya-anoilci; api-also; li-indccd; clcsam-ol somc;
ublayol-ol boil.
Tlcicloic ilcic is anoilci also. Ol somc ilcic is boil.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ioi somc niiapclsa dcvoiccs wlo aic vciy aidcnily dcvoicd io ilc Loid, ilcii
pious and sinlul aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions aic icmovcd wiiloui ilcii laving
io cxpciicncc ilc icsulis. Tlc icason loi ilis is givcn in ilc woid "anya" (ilcic is
anoilci also). Tlis mcans, "ilcic is anoilci sciipiuial quoic, a quoic icvcaling
ilai by ilc Supicmc Loid's will aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions aic somciimcs also
dcsiioycd". Tlc oilci sciipiuial quoic is ilc passagc liom Kausiil Upanisad
picviously quoicd, and ilc passagc liom ilc Saiyayana-sasiia also.
Tlis is ilc mcaning: In onc placc ilc sciipiuics say ilai aiabdla-plala laimic
icaciions aic dcsiioycd only wlcn ilc pcison cxpciicnccs ilcm, and in anoilci
placc ilc sciipiuics say ilai iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc can dcsiioy aiabdla-plala
laimic icaciions. Il ilcsc iwo siaicmcnis aic noi io bc ilougli ol as coniiadiciing
cacl oilci, ilcy musi bc considcicd io apply io dillcicni ciicumsianccs. Tlcsc
sciipiuial siaicmcnis do noi apply io lamya-laima aciiviiics, loi suiias 13 and 1+
siaicd ilai all pious and sinlul laimic icaciions aic dcsiioycd, and bccausc sins aic
by dcliniiion noi lamya-laima aciiviiics.
Tlcicloic, loi somc vciy dcai dcvoiccs, wlo aidcnily ycain io scc ilc Loid and
wlo aic no longci ablc io bcai scpaiaiion liom Him, ilc Supicmc Loid ialcs away
ilcii aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions, and disiiibuics ilcm io ilosc pcisons wlo
aic closc io ilosc dcvoiccs. Tlis will bc luiilci dcsciibcd in anoilci adlilaiana.
Tlus ilc dcvoicc's aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions aic cxpciicncc by ilcsc pcoplc.
In ilis way ilc iulc ilc Loid las dcciccd loi aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions is
mainiaincd.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Kaimic icaciions aic loimlcss, and ilcicloic ii is noi
logical io say ilai ilcy can bc givcn io oilcis as il ilcy wcic iangiblc objccis.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: Tlai is noi iiuc. lccausc Hc is all-powcilul, ilc
Supicmc Loid can do anyiling Hc wislcs, cvcn il wlai Hc docs is dillcicni liom
wlai you ilinl is logical. Tlcicloic ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad can
icmovc ilc aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions ol somc gicai dcvoiccs wlo aidcnily
ycain io scc Him.
In ilc ncxi suiia ilc auiloi icluics ilc claim ilai ilc laimic icaciions ol onc
pcison cannoi bc givcn io anoilci.
Sufra 18
yad cva vidyaycii li
yad cva vidyaya iii-Clandogya Upanisad 1.1.10; li-bccausc.
lccausc ol Clandogya Upanisad 1.1.10.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Clandogya Upanisad 1.1.10 slows ilc powci ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc,
cvcn wlcn ii is only lnowlcdgc ol ilc individual spiiii soul. Tlc woid "li" in ilis
suiia mcans "bccausc". Tlis mcans ilai bccausc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc cannoi
bc sioppcd by any obsiaclc, and bccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad in
ilcsc ciicumsianccs givcs His own mcicy, somciimcs ilc living cniiiy docs noi
lavc io cxpciicncc lis aiabdla-plala laimic icaciions. No onc slould bc
suipiiscd ai ilis.
Wlai lappcns ilcn' Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing cxplanaiion.
Sufra 19
blogcna iv iiaic lsapayiivaila sampadyaic
blogcna-by cnjoymcni; iu-indccd; iiaic-ilc oilci; lsapayiiva-lcaving;
aila-ilcn; sampadyaic-obiains.
Rcnouncing ilc iwo oilcis, lc cnjoys.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis suiia mcans, "lcaving bclind ilc gioss and subilc maiciial bodics (ilc iwo
oilcis), and aiiaining ilc body ol a pcisonal associaic ol ilc Loid, ilc libciaicd
dcvoicc cnjoys iiansccndcnial bliss". Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing woids ol
Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1.1):
so 'snuic saivan laman
"Tlcn lc cnjoys ilc lullillmcni ol all lis dcsiics."
Tlai is ilc mcaning ol ilc suiia's woid sampadyaic" (lc cnjoys iiansccndcnial
bliss).
Pada 2
Invocaiion
maniiad yasya paia bluial
paia bluiadayo gialal
nasyanii sva-lasai-iisnal
sa lisnal saianam mama
May Loid Kisna, wlo is iadiani wiil ilc iliisi io bc ic-uniicd wiil His
dcvoiccs, and wlosc maniias cxoicisc ilc glosis and dcmons ol icpcaicd biiil in
ilc maiciial woild ol livc clcmcnis, bc my slclici.
Adhikarana 1
The Time of Deafh
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc ncxi pada will bc dcsciibcd ilc way ilc soul iiavcls io ilc woild ol ilc
dcmigods. In ilis pada will bc dcsciibcd ilc way a pcison cnliglicncd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc lcavcs lis maiciial body. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(6.S.6) ii is said:
asya saumya-puiusasya piayaio van-manasi sampadyaic manal pianc pianas icjasi
icjal paiasyam dcvaiayam
"Wlcn a good pcison lcavcs lis maiciial body, ilc voicc cnicis ilc mind, ilc
mind cnicis ilc lilc-aii, ilc lilc-aii cnicis ilc clcmcni liic, and ilc clcmcni liic
cnicis ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc voicc iiscll cnici, oi do only ilc aciiviiics ol ilc
voicc cnici'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc naiuic ol ilc mind is noi lilc
ilc naiuic ol ilc voicc, and bccausc ilc voicc and oilci paiis ol ilc body aic
suboidinaic io ilc mind, ilcicloic ii is only ilc aciiviiics ol ilc voicc ilai cnici.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
van manasi daisanac clabdac ca
val-voicc; manasi-in ilc mind; daisanai-bccausc ol sigli; sabdai-bccausc
ol sound; ca-also.
lccausc ol wlai is sccn and lcaid, voicc cnicis mind.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Voicc iiscll cnicis ilc mind. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "daisanai"
(bccausc ol wlai is sccn). Tlis mcans ilai cvcn wlcn ilc cxicinal voicc is silcni, ii
is sccn ilai ilc voicc is siill aciivc in ilc mind. Tlc suiia also cxplains, "sabdai"
(bccausc ol wlai is lcaid). In ilc sciipiuics (Clandogya Upanisad) ii is lcaid:
van manasi sampadyaic
"Tlc voicc cnicis ilc mind."
Any oilci inicipiciaiion would do violcncc io ilc clcai mcaning ol ilis quoic.
No cvidcncc aciually suppoiis ilc idca ilai only ilc aciiviiy ol ilc voicc cnicis ilc
mind.
Hcic somconc may objcci: lccausc mind docs noi posscss ilc naiuic ol ilc
voicc, voicc iiscll cannoi lavc cnicicd ilc mind. Ii is only ilc aciiviiics ol onc
iling ilai can cnici anoilci iling dissimilai in naiuic. An cxamplc ol ilis is ilc
aciiviiics ol liic, wlicl can ilus cnici waici. Tlis is so, loi ii is clcaily sccn.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: Voicc and mind mcci. Tlcy do noi join iogcilci and
bccomc onc. Tlc mcaning is ilai cvcn ilougl ilcii naiuics aic dillcicni, ilc iwo
ol ilcm aciually do mcci.
Sufra 2
aia cva saivany anu
aial cva-ilcicloic; saivani-all; anu-lollowing.
Tlcicloic ilcy all lollow.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc voicc may cnici ilc mind, bui ilc mind docs
noi cnici ilc clcmcni liic.
Il ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilc suiia givcs ilc lollowing icply, "saivani" (all).
Tlis mcans, "ilc scnsc ol lcaiing and all ilc oilci scnscs also cnici". Tlc woid
anu" lcic mcans, "ilcy all cnici, lollowing bclind ilc voicc". In ilc Piasna
Upanisad (3.9) ii is said:
iasmad upasania-icjal punai-blavam indiiyaii manasi sampadyamanaii yac ciiias
icnaisa piana ayaii
"Wlcn ilc liic ol lilc is cxiinguislcd, ilc scnscs cnici ilc mind, and ilc soul
again ialcs biiil. Accompanicd by ilai mind, ilc soul is boin again."
In ilc Piasna Upanisad (+.2) ii is said:
yaila gaigya maicayo 'siam gacclaio 'ilasya saiva ciasmims icjo-mandalc cl-
blavaii ial punai udayaial piacaianiy cvam la vai iai saivam paic dcvc manasy
cl-blavaii
"O Gaigya, as ilc iays ol sunligli cnici ilc sciiing sun only again io cmcigc
liom ilc iising sun, in ilc samc way ilc scnscs cnici ilcii dciiy, ilc mind."
Adhikarana 2
The Mind Enfers fhe Breafh
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc passagc ol Clandogya Upanisad (6.S.6) quoicd in ilc bcginning ol
adlilaiana 1 will bc again considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilis passagc mcan io say ilai ilc mind cnicis ilc lilc-
bicail, oi ilai ii cnicis ilc icalm ol ilc moon'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lilad-aianyala Upanisad (3.2.13) dcclaics:
manas candiam
"Tlc mind cnicis ilc moon."
Tlcicloic ilc mind cnicis ilc moon.
Siddlania (conclusion): in ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 3
ian manal piana uiiaiai
iai-ilai; manal-mind; pianc-in ilc lilc-bicail; uiiaiai-ilcn.
Tlcn ilc mind cnicis ilc lilc-bicail, bccausc ol wlai lollows.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woids "ian manal pianc" mcan, accompanicd by all ilc scnscs, ilc mind
cnicis ilc lilc-bicail". Wly is ilai' lccausc ol ilc siaicmcni ilai lollows
(uiiaiai).
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlis cannoi bc, loi lilad-aianyala Upanisad 3.2.13
alliims ilai ilc mind cnicis ilc moon.
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics io ilis objcciion in suiia 3.1.+.
Adhikarana 3
The Life-Breafh Enfers fhe IndividuaI SouI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc considcicd ilc lollowing woids ol Clandogya Upanisad (6.6.1):
pianas icjasi
"Tlc lilc-bicail cnicis liic."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc lilc-bicail, wlicl is by ilcn accompanicd by ilc
mind and ilc scnscs, cnici ilc clcmcni liic, oi docs ii cnici ilc individual spiiii
soul (jva)'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Clandogya Upanisad (6.6.1) says ilai ilc
lilc bicail cnicis ilc clcmcni liic, ilcicloic ilc lilc-bicail cnicis ilc clcmcni liic.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +
so 'dlyalsc iad-upagamadiblyal
sal-ii; adlyalsc-io ilc masici; iai-ilai; upagama-appioacling;
adiblyal-bcginning wiil.
Tlai in ilc masici bccausc ol ilc sciipiuial siaicmcnis ilai bcgin wiil ilc
dcsciipiions ol appioacling ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "sal" (ilai) lcic mcans "ilc lilc-bicail", and ilc woid adlyalsc" (in
ilc masici) lcic mcans, "in ilc individual spiiii soul, wlo is ilc masici ol ilc
body and scnscs". Tlus ilc lilc bicail cnicis ilc individual spiiii soul. Wly is
ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iad-upagamadiblyal" (bccausc ol ilc sciipiuial
siaicmcnis ilai bcgin wiil ilc dcsciipiions ol appioacling ii). In ilc lilad-
aianyala Upanisad (+.3.3S) ii is said:
iad yaila iajanam piayiyasaniam ugial piaiy cnasal suia giamanya upasamyaniy
cvam laivam vidam saivc piana upasamyanii. yaiiaiiad uidlvocclvas blavaii.
"As bodyguaids. waiiiois, claiioiccis, and gcncials gailci aiound a ling wlo
is aboui io dcpaii on a gicai maicl, so do all ilc scnscs and lilc-bicails gailci
aiound ilc soul wlo is aboui io lcavc iis maiciial body."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai ilc lilc-bicail and ilc scnscs cnicis
ilc individual spiiii soul. Tlis siaicmcni docs noi coniiadici ilc oilci siaicmcni
ol ilc Siuii-sasiia ilai ilc lilc-bicail cnicis ilc clcmcni liic, loi ii may bc said ilai
alici ilc lilc-bicail cnicis ilc soul ilc iwo ol ilcm piocccd io cnici ilc clcmcni
liic. Tlis is lilc saying ilai ilc Yamuna, joining wiil ilc Gangcs, piocccds io
cnici ilc occan.
Adhikarana +
The IndividuaI Spirif SouI Enfers fhe Combined EIemenfs
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc considcicd ilc siaicmcni ilai ilc individual spiiii soul cnicis ilc
clcmcni liic.
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc individual spiiii soul and ilc lilc-bicail cnici ilc
clcmcni liic, oi do ilcy cnici all ilc clcmcnis combincd'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc Siuii-sasiia says ilai ilc lilc-bicail
cnicis ilc clcmcni liic, ilcicloic ilc lilc-bicail cnicis ilc clcmcni liic.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 5
bluicsu iac cliuicl
bluicsu-in all ilc clcmcnis; iai-ilai; siuicl-bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
In all ilc clcmcnis, bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc individual spiiii soul cnicis all ilc livc clcmcnis. Ii docs noi cnici ilc liic
clcmcni only. Wly is ilai' In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.5) ii is said:
jvasyalasamayo vayumayas icjomaya apomayal piilivmayal
"Tlc individual spiiii soul cnicis ilc clcmcnis cilci, aii, liic, waici, and caiil."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai ilc individual spiiii soul cnicis all ilc
maiciial clcmcnis. A luiilci cxplanaiion is givcn in ilc ncxi suiia.
Sufra 6
nailasmin daisayaio li
na-noi; clasmin-in onc; daisayaial-ilcy boil icvcal; li-bccausc.
lccausc ilcy boil say ii is noi in onc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Ii slould noi bc considcicd ilai ilc individual spiiii soul cnicis inio onc
clcmcni, inio liic. Tlc woid "li" lcic mcans "bccausc". Tlis mcans, "bccausc ilis
was dcsciibcd in ilc qucsiions and answcis in Clandogya Upanisad Clapici 5,
Paiis 3-10.

Adhikarana 5
The Deparfure of fhe EnIighfened SouI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc considcicd a doubi ilai may aiisc conccining Clandogya
Upanisad 6.S.6.
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilis passagc dcsciibc ilc dcpaiiuic liom ilc maiciial
body ol ilc soul cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, oi ilc soul ilai is
noi cnliglicncd'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.7) ii is
said:
yada saivc piamucyanic
lama yc 'sya lidi siliial
aila maiiyo 'miio blavaiy
aiia bialma samasnuic
"Wlcn lis lcaii is licc ol all maiciial dcsiics, ilc moiial bccomcs immoiial.
Tlcn lc cnjoys spiiiiual lilc, cvcn in ilis woild."
Tlcic woid "aiia" (lcic in ilis woild) mcans ilai ilc cnliglicncd soul nccd
noi lcavc ilc maiciial woild. Lvcn in ilis woild lc cnjoys ilc bliss ol spiiiiual lilc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 7
samana casiiy-upaliamad amiiaivam canuposya
samana-cqual; ca-also; asiii-upaliamai-ai ilc bcginning; amiiaivam-
immoiialiiy; ca-and; anuposya-noi buining.
Indccd, in ilc bcginning ilcy aic ilc samc. Also, immoiialiiy is wiiloui
buining.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc liisi "ca" mcans "indccd". In ilc bcginning, ilc cnliglicncd soul and ilc
uncnliglicncd soul dcpaii liom ilc maiciial body in ilc+ sa,c way. Howcvci,
wlcn ilcy icacl ilc nads (subilc pailways cmanaiing liom ilc lcaii), ilcii pails
divcigc. Tlc cnliglicncd soul passcs iliougl onc ol ilc lundicd nads, bui ilc
cnliglicncd soul passcs iliougl a dillcicni nad. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Clandogya
Upanisad (S.6.6):
saiam caila ca lidayasya nadyas iasam muidlanam ablinilsiiaila. iayoidlvam
ayann amiiaivam cii visvag anya uiliamanc blavanii.
"101 nads lcad away liom ilc lcaii. Onc passcs iliougl ilc lcad and lcads io
immoiialiiy. Tlcy oilcis lcad io a vaiiciy ol dcsiinaiions."
Tlis is also dcsciibcd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.2). Tlc soul cndowcd
wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc dcpaiis liom ilc maiciial body iliougl ilc
passagc passing iliougl ilc iop ol ilc lcad. Tlc uncnliglicncd souls dcpaii
iliougl ilc oilci passagcs. Tlc sciipiuial siaicmcni (lilad-aianyala Upanisad
+.+.7) cxplaining ilai ilc cnliglicncd soul cnjoys spiiiiual lilc cvcn in ilis woild
mcans ilai sucl a soul no longci pioduccs any laimic icaciions cvcn ilougl lis
conncciion wiil ilc maiciial body is noi yci buincd away.
Sufra 8
iad apicl samsaia-vyapadcsai
iai-ilai; apicl-uniil; samsaia-ol ilc woild ol biiil and dcail;
vyapadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling.
Tlai is so, loi ii is iaugli ilai uniil ilcn ilcic is ilc woild ol biiil and dcail.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlis dcsciibcs ilc immoiialiiy ol an cnliglicncd soul wlo is licc liom sin cvcn
ilougl lis conncciion io a maiciial body is noi yci buincd away. How is ilai' Tlc
suiia cxplains, "apicl" (uniil ilcn). Uniil lc aiiains ilc diicci associaiion ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc individual spiiii soul siill las a iclaiionslip
wiil a maiciial body, and ilus lc icmains in ilc woild ol icpcaicd biiil and
dcail. Tlc diicciion associaiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is aiiaincd
wlcn ilc soul iiavcls io ilc woild ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlai is
ilc conclusion ol ilc Vcdas.
Sufra 9
sulsma-piamanaias ca iailopalabdlcl
sulsma-subilc; piamanaial-liom ilc souicc ol lnowlcdgc; ca-also; iaila-
so; upalabdlcl-bccausc ol bcing sccn.
Tlc subilc, bccausc ol auiloiiiy and diicci pciccpiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis coniaci ilc iclaiionslip ol ilc cnliglicncd soul wiil ilc maiciial body is
noi yci buincd away. Tlis is bccausc ilc subilc (sulsma) maiciial body siill
pcisisis. How is ilai lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains, "piamanaial" (bccausc ol
auiloiiiy). Lvcn wlcn lc iiavcls io ilc woilds ol ilc dcmigods, ilc cnliglicncd
soul iciains iclaiionslip wiil a subilc maiciial body, as is sccn in ilc woids ol ilc
moon-god in Kausial Upanisad (1.3). Tlcicloic in ilc picvious passagc ol
lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.7) ilc "immoiialiiy" dcsciibcd is onc wlcic ilc
iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc soul and ilc maiciial body is noi yci buincd away.
Sufra 10
nopamaidcnaial
na-noi; upamaidcna-by dcsiiuciion; aial-ilcicloic.
Tlcicloic ii is noi by dcsiiuciion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lilad-aianyala Upanisad +.+.7 docs noi dcsciibc ilc lind ol immoiialiiy
wlcic ilc iclaiionslip ol ilc individual spiiii soul and ilc maiciial body is
dcsiioycd.
Sufra 11
iasyaiva copapaiici usma
iasya-ol ilai; cva-indccd; ca-also; upapaiicl-bccausc ol bcing possiblc;
usma-lcai.
Ii las waimil, loi ilai is icasonablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc waimil ilai iouclcs ilc gioss maiciial body wlilc ii is alivc is manilcsicd
liom ilc subilc maiciial body, noi ilc gioss body. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains,
"upapaiicl" (loi ilai is icasonablc). Wlcn ii is alivc ilc gioss body is waim, and
wlcn ii is dcad, ilc gioss body is noi waim. Iiom ilis ii can bc sccn ilai ilc
waimil in ilc gioss body comcs liom ilc subilc body.
Tlc woid "ca" (also) lcic slows anoilci icason also. Wlcn lc lcavcs ilc gioss
body, ilc cnliglicncd soul also ialcs ilc lcai-pioducing subilc body wiil lim.
Ncxi, lcaiing ilai anoilci doubi will bc iaiscd, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias spcals
ilc lollowing woids:
Sufra 12
piaiiscdlad iii ccn na saiiai
piaiiscdlai-bccausc ol dcnial; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi; saiiai-liom ilc
icsidcni ol ilc body.
Il somconc says ilai ii is dcnicd, ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi so. lccausc ol ilc
icsidcni ol ilc body.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc cnliglicncd soul docs noi lcavc ilc gioss
maiciial body. Tlis is coiioboiaicd by ilc lollowing woids ol lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (+.+.6):
ailalamayamano yo 'lamo nislama apia-lamo na iasya piana uiliamanii
bialmaiva san bialmaiycii
"Onc wlo docs noi dcsiic, wlo las no maiciial dcsiics, and wlosc dcsiics aic
all lullillcd, lis lilc-bicails do noi lcavc. Hc is spiiii. Hc gocs io ilc spiiii."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics dcny (piaiiscdlai) ilai ilc cnliglicncd soul lcavcs
lis maiciial body.
Il (cci) ilis objcciion is iaiscd, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias icplics, "No" (na).
Tlis mcans ilai ilc icxi ol ilc Upanisad docs noi spccilically say ilai ilc lilc-
bicail lcavcs ilc body. Tlc mcaning ol ilis icxi is ilai ilc lilc-bicail docs noi
lcavc ilc individual spiiii soul. Alici all, ii is clcaily sccn ilai cvcn cnliglicncd
souls lcavc ilcii maiciial bodics.
Sufra 13
spasio ly clcsam
spasial-clcai; li-bccausc; clcsam-ol somc.
lccausc ii is clcai in somc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis passagc ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.+.6) ilcic is no ioom loi
coniiovcisy. Tlis is so bccausc (li) in somc (clcsam) icccnsions ol ilc Vcdas,
namcly ilc Madlyandina icccnsion, is sccn a clcai (spasial) dcnial ol ilc idca ilai
ilc lilc-bicail docs noi lcavc ilc maiciial body. Tlis samc passagc in ilc
Madlyandina icccnsion icads:
na iasmai piana uiliamanii. aiiavaiva samavalyanic bialmaiva san bialmaiycii.
"Tlc lilc-bicails do noi lcavc lim (ilc soul). Tlcy cnici ilcic. Hc is spiiii. Hc
gocs io ilc spiiii."
Tlc woid "aiia" (ilcic) clcaily slows ilai ilc lilc-bicails cnici ilc spiiii soul.
To ilis ilc objccioi may icply: In ilc Kanva icccnsion, in Yajnavallya's
answci io Aiiablaga's qucsiion, ii is clcaily sccn ilai ilc lilc-bicails ol ilc soul
cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc do noi lcavc ilc maiciial body.
To ilis objcciion I icply: Tlis passagc dcsciibcs a spccial casc, wlcic ilc
cnliglicncd soul is vciy disiicsscd in scpaiaiion liom ilc Supicmc Loid.
Tlc impcisonalisis claim ilai ilis passagc dcsciibcs a pcison wlo ilinls lc is
onc wiil ilc impcisonal lialman. Tlcy say ilai loi lim ilc lilc-bicails do noi
lcavc ilc maiciial body.
To ilis I icply: Tlis is lool's idca. No woids in ilc icxi suppoii ilis
inicipiciaiion. Ai any iaic, ilc impcisonalisi idca las alicady bccn clcaily icluicd.
Sufra 1+
smaiyaic ca
smaiyaic-in ilc Smiii-sasiias; ca-also.
In ilc Smiii-sasiias also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Yajnavallya-smiii (3.167) ii is said:
uidlvam clal siliias icsam
yo bliiiva suiya-mandalam
bialmalolam aiiliamya
icna yaii paiam gaiim
"Among all ol ilcm, onc gicai soul iiavcls upwaid. Hc bicals iliougl ilc
ciiclc ol ilc sun. Hc passcs bcyond ilc planci ol lialma. Hc cnicis ilc supicmc
dcsiinaiion."
In ilc Siuii-sasiia also ii is said ilai ilc cnliglicncd soul passcs iliougl ilc
nad ai ilc iop ol ilc lcad and ilus lcavcs ilc maiciial body. In ilis way ii is
piovcd ilai ilc cnliglicncd soul cciiainly docs lcavc lis maiciial body.
Adhikarana 6
The Senses Enfer fhe Supreme
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlai ilc individual spiiii soul, accompanicd by ilc lilc-bicail and ilc scnscs,
cnicis ilc clcmcni liic and ilc oilci subilc clcmcnis ai ilc iimc ol dcail las
alicady bccn piovcd, and ilc lallacious idca ilai ilc soul cnliglicncd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi also dcpaii liom lis body in ilis samc way las
bccn dispcllcd. Now ilc lollowing will bc considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Do ilc cnliglicncd soul's voicc and oilci woiling scnscs,
lilc-bicail, and clcmcnis ol ilc gioss and subilc maiciial bodics cnici inio ilc
maiciial lcaiuics ilai aic ilcii diicci causcs, oi do ilcy cnici inio ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlcy cnici inio ilcii diicci causcs. Tlis is
dcsciibcd in lilad-aianyala Upanisad 3.2.13.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 15
iani paic iaila ly ala
iani-ilcy; paic-in ilc Supicmc; iaila-so; li-bccausc; ala-says.
Tlcy in ilc Supicmc, loi ilus ii says.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.S.6) ii is said:
icjal paiasyam
"Iiic cnicis ilc Supicmc."
In ilis way ii is csiablislcd ilai ilc "icjal", wlicl lcic includcs ilc voicc and
oilci scnscs, ilc lilc-bicail, and ilc bodily clcmcnis, cnicis ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlis is so bccausc ilc Supicmc is ilc causc and ilc
icsiing-placc ol all. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, iaila ly ala", wlicl mcans
"bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai ii is so". Tlis is conliimcd in ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (6.S.6):
icjal paiasyam dcvaiayam
"Iiic cnicis ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
lilad-aianyala Upanisad 3.2.3 slould bc inicipicicd mciaploiically. Tlis las
alicady bccn cxplaincd (in suiia 3.1.+).
Adhikarana 7
The Nafure of fhe Senses' Enfrance in fhe Supreme
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now anoilci considciaiion will bc cxamincd.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn ilc cnliglicncd soul's lilc-bicail, voicc, mind, and
oilci scnscs cnici ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad do ilcy mcicly cnici oi do
ilcy bccomc onc wiil Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, as is cxplaincd in
Mundala Upanisad 3.2.S)'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ol ilc picvious siaicmcnis and
bccausc ilcic is no spccilic siaicmcni oilciwisc, ii slould bc lcld ilai ilcy mcicly
cnici.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 16
aviblago vacanai
aviblagal-noi dividcd; vacanai-bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni.
Tlcic is no division, loi ilai is said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc lilc-bicail and oilci lcaiuics ol ilc maiciial body mcigc inio and bccomc
onc wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc masici ol inconccivablc
poicncics. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "vacanai" (loi ilai is said). In ilc
Piasna Upanisad (6.5) ii is said:
cvam cvasya paiidiasiui imal sodasa-lalal puiusayanal puiusam piapyas iam
gacclanii
"As iivcis mcigc inio ilc occan, so do ilc sixiccn clcmcnis ol ilc maiciial body
mcigc inio ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Alici ilus cxplaining ilai ilc lilc-bicail and ilc oilci clcmcnis ol ilc maiciial
body mcigc inio ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc Upanisad coniinucs:
blidycic casam nama-iupc puiusa iiy cvam piocyaic sa cso 'miio blavaii
"Tlc clcmcnis ol ilc body ilcn losc ilcii namcs and loims. Tlcy aic said io
bccomc onc wiil ilc Supicmc. Wlcn ilis lappcns io ilc clcmcnis ol lis maiciial
body, ilc individual spiiii soul bccomcs immoiial."
Tlus ilc clcmcnis ol ilc maiciial body losc ilcii namcs and loims. Tlis is ilc
mcaning: Wlcn lc lcavcs ilc gioss maiciial body, ilc soul cnliglicncd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is lollowcd by ilc now gicaily wcalcncd subilc maiciial
body. Wlcn ilc soul linally lcavcs ilc cgg ol ilc maiciial univcisc bclind, ilc
subilc body mcigcs inio ilc ciglil covciing ol ilc univcisal slcll. Now complcicly
puic and licc liom any ioucl ol maiici, ilc soul aiiains a spiiiiual body and ilcn
gains ilc associaiion ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.
Adhikarana 8
The Hundred-and-firsf Nad
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bcgin a discussion io slow onc spccilic aspcci ol ilc cnliglicncd
soul's dcpaiiuic liom ilc maiciial body. In Clandogya Upanisad (S.6.6) as wcll as
in Kaila Upanisad (7.6) ii is said ilai ilc uncnliglicncd souls dcpaii liom ilc
maiciial body by ilc pail ol ilc lundicd nads and ilc cnliglicncd soul dcpaiis
by anoilci nad.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilis dcsciipiion coiicci oi is ii noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc nads aic boil vciy numcious
and vciy linc ii is noi possiblc loi ilc spiiii soul io disiinguisl ilcm onc liom
anoilci. Tlcicloic ilis dcsciipiion is noi coiicci. Tlc sciipiuics cxplain:
iayoidlvam ayann amiiaivam cii
"Going upwaids, lc aiiains immoiialiiy."
Tlcicloic (going upwaids is ilc impoiiani lacioi) and ii is noi impoiiani
wlicl nad ilc soul cnicis ai ilc momcni ol lcaving ilc maiciial body.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 17
iad-olo-'gia-jvalanam iai-pialasiia-dvaio vidya-samaiilyai iac-clcsa-gaiy-
anusmiii-yogac ca laidanugilial saiadlilaya
iai-ol lim; olal-ilc lomc; agia-ilc poini; jvalanam-illuminaiion; iai-
by Him; pialasiia-icvcalcd; dvaial-ilc dooi; vidya-ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc; samaiilyai-by ilc powci; iai-ilai; scsa-icmaindci; gaii-pail;
anusmiii-mcmoiy; yogai-by ilc ioucl; ca-and; laida-Hc wlo icsidcs in ilc
lcaii; anugilial-bcing ilc objcci ol mcicy; saiadlilaya-by ilc lundicd-and-
liisi.
Tlcn ilc iop ol lis lomc is illumincd and ilc dooi is icvcalcd by Him. ly ilc
powci ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, by ilc mcmoiy ol ilc pail ii biings, lc
aiiains ilc mcicy ol Hc wlo icsidcs in ilc lcaii. ly ilc lundicd-and-liisi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc cnliglicncd soul dcpaiis by ilc pail ol ilc lundicd-and-liisi nad, wlicl
is callcd Susumna. Ii is noi ilai ilc cnliglicncd soul cannoi disccin wlcic is ilis
nad. lccausc ol ilc iwo causcs ilai bcgin wiil ilc powci ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, ilc soul aiiains ilc mcicy ol Hc wlo icsidcs in ilc lcaii. Tlis is
possiblc by ilc powci ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlc cllcci ol iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc is ilai ii cnablcs ilc soul io icmcmbci ilc coiicci pail io ialc in
dcpaiiing liom ilc body. Tlis soul also obiains ilc mcicy ol Loid Haii, wlo
icsidcs in a palacc in ilc lcaii (laida). Tlai is ilc mcaning lcic.
Wlcn, accompanicd by ilc voicc and ilc oilci scnscs and clcmcnis ol ilc
maiciial body, ilc cnliglicncd soul is aboui io dcpaii, ilc iop poiiion (agia) ol ilc
lcaii, wlicl is lis lomc (olal), bccomcs illuminaicd (jvalanam). Tlc dooi
(dvaial) ilcic is noi illuminaicd by ilc individual spiiii soul. Ii is Loid Haii, wlo
icsidcs in ilc lcaii (laida) wlo illuminaics and icvcals (pialasiia) ilai dooi. In
ilis way ilc soul bccomcs awaic ol ilc cniiancc io ilc lundicd-and-liisi nad. In
ilis way ilc cnliglicncd soul dcpaiis.
Adhikarana 9
The Pafh of fhe Sun's Rays
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.6.5) ii is said:
aila yaiiaiiasmai saiiad uiliamaiy ciaii cva iasmiblii uidlvam aliamaic. sa om
iii va lodva myaic sa yavai lsipycn manas iavad adiiyam gacclaiy ciad vai llalu
lola-dvaiam vidusam piapadanam niiodlo 'vidusam iad csa slolal. saiam caila
ca. . .
"Alici lc dcpaiis liom ilc body, ilc soul iiavcls on ilc sun's iays. Casiing oll
ilc maiciial mind, and mcdiiaiing on ilc sacicd syllablc Om, ilc soul iiavcls io
ilc sun, wlicl is ilc dooiway io ilc woilds. Tlcy wlo aic cnliglicncd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc may cnici ilai dooiway, bui ilcy wlo aic noi
cnliglicncd aic sioppcd liom cniciing. Tlc lollowing vcisc dcsciibcs ilis: Tlcic
aic a lundicd and onc nads. . . ."
Tlis mcans ilai alici lc passcs iliougl ilc nad on ilc iop ol ilc lcad, ilc
cnliglicncd soul iiavcls on ilc pail ol ilc sun's iays.
Samsaya (doubi): Musi ilc soul dcpaii liom ilc body duiing ilc dayiimc, oi
may lc also dcpaii duiing ilc nigli (and siill aiiain libciaiion)'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc duiing ilc nigli ilc iays ol ilc sun
do noi slinc, ilc cnliglicncd soul musi dcpaii liom ilc maiciial body only duiing
ilc dayiimc.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 18
iasmy-anusai
iasmi-iays; anusai-lollowing.
Hc lollows ilc iays.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcncvci lc dics, ilc cnliglicncd soul is ablc io lollow ilc iays ol ilc sun.
Tlis is so bccausc ilc Siuii-sasiia givcs no spccilic insiiuciion in ilis icgaid.
Sufra 19
nisi ncii ccn na sambandlasya yavad dcla-blaviivad daisayaii ca
nisi-duiing ilc nigli; na-noi; iii-ilus; cci-il; na-noi; sambandlasya-ol
ilc iclaiionslip; yavai-as long as; dcla-blaviivai-bccausc ol ilc cxisicncc ol ilc
body; daisayaii-icvcals; ca-also.
Il somconc says ilai ii is noi duiing ilc nigli, ilcn I icply: No. lccausc ilc
iclaiionslip cxisis as long as ilc body is picscni. Ii also icvcals ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may objcci: is ii noi so ilai bccausc ai nigli ilc iays ol ilc sun
aic noi picscni, ilc soul dcpaiiing liom lis body cannoi lollow ilcm ai ilai iimc'
Il (cci) ilis is said, ilcn ilc suiia icplics, "No" (na). Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "sambandlasya" (bccausc ol ilc iclaiionslip). Tlis mcans ilai as long as
ilc maiciial body is picscni ilcic is a iclaiionslip wiil ilc sun's iays. Tlcicloic
ilc soul may dcpaii ai any iimc ol ilc day oi nigli and siill iiavcl by ilc pail ol
ilc sun's iays.
Ii is clcaily sccn ilai ilc body icmains waim in boil ilc loiicsi ol days and ilc
coldcsi ol niglis. Il ilc body lad noi iclaiionslip wiil ilc sun ilis would noi bc
possiblc.
Tlc sciipiuics also givc luiilci piool ol ilc body's unclanging iclaiionslip
wiil ilc sun. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.6.2) ii is said:
amusmad adiiyai piayanic iailasu nadsu sipia ablyo nadblyal piayanic ic
amusminn adiiyc sipial
"Tlc pail ol ilc sun's iays bcgins ai ilc sun and cnds ai ilc nads. Ii also
bcgins ai ilc nads and cnds ai ilc sun."
In anoilci placc in ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is also said:
samsisia va cic iasmayas ca nadyas ca naisam viblago yavad idam saiiam aial
ciail pasyaiy ciaii uiliamaic ciail piavaiiaic
"Tlc sun's iays aic connccicd io ilc nads, and ilai conncciion is ncvci biolcn
as long as ilc maiciial body is alivc. ly ilc sun's iays ilc soul sccs. ly ilcm lc
dcpaiis. ly ilcm lc pciloims aciions."
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai ilc soul cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc is always ablc io iiavcl by ilc pail ol ilc sun's iays.
Adhikarana 10
The SouI's Deparfure During fhe Differenf Seasons
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc lollowing will bc considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Il lc dics duiing ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc
souil, docs ilc cnliglicncd soul siill aiiain ilc bcnclii ol lis lnowlcdgc, oi docs
lc noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): loil Siuii-sasiia and Smiii-sasiia alliim
ilai in oidci io aiiain ilc spiiiiual woild onc musi dic duiing ilc six monils
wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc noiil. Also, ii is sccn ilai llsmadcva and oilci gicai
souls icluscd io dic uniil ilai auspicious iimc lad aiiivcd.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 20
aias cayanc 'pi dalsinc
aial-ilcicloic; ca-also; ayanc-in ilci passing; api-also; dalsinc-in ilc
souil.
Tlcicloic ii is also duiing ilc passing in ilc souil.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi biing only a paiiial icsuli, and also
bccausc ii icmovcs all obsiaclcs in iis pail, ilc cnliglicncd soul aiiains ilc liuii ol
lis lnowlcdgc cvcn il lc dics duiing ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun passcs in ilc
souil. Tlc aigumcni ol oui opponcni is vciy loolisl and slow-wiiicd. As will bc
cxplaincd in ilc luiuic, ilc woid uiiaiayana" lcic docs noi mcan "ilc six monils
wlcn ilc sun passcs in ilc souil", bui iailci ii mcans "ilc aiivalila-dcvaias, oi
ilc dcmigods ilai caiiy ilc soul io ilc liglci woilds".
llcsscd by lis lailci, llsmadcva lad ilc powci io cloosc ilc iimc ol lis
dcail. Ii is ciilci io dcmonsiiaic ilai powci, oi io slow ilc cxamplc ol a sainily
pcison ilai lc acicd in ilai way. Tlcicloic ilcic is no disadvaniagc in dying
duiing ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun passcs in ilc souil.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll
alliims in llagavad-gia (S.23-26):
yaiia lalc iv anaviiiim
aviiiim caiva yoginal
piayaia yanii iam lalam
valsyami blaiaiaisabla. . .
. . . sulla-lisnc gai ly cic
jagaial sasvaic maic
claya yaiy anaviiiim
anyayavaiiaic punal
"O bcsi ol ilc llaiaias, I slall now cxplain io you ilc dillcicni iimcs ai wlicl,
passing away liom ilis woild, ilc yog docs oi docs noi comc bacl.
"Tlosc wlo lnow ilc Supicmc lialman aiiain ilc Supicmc by passing away
liom ilc woild duiing ilc inllucncc ol ilc liciy god, in ilc ligli, ai an auspicious
momcni ol ilc day, duiing ilc loiinigli ol ilc waxing moon, oi duiing ilc six
monils wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc noiil.
"Tlc mysiic wlo passcs away liom ilis woild duiing ilc smolc, ilc nigli, ilc
loiinigli ol ilc waning moon, oi ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun passcs io ilc souil
icaclcs ilc moon planci bui again comcs bacl.
"Accoiding io Vcdic opinion, ilcic aic iwo ways ol passing liom ilis woild,
onc in ligli and onc is dailncss. Wlcn onc passcs in ligli, lc docs noi comc bacl.
lui wlcn onc passcs in dailncss, lc iciuins."
In ilis passagc woid "day" and oilci woids dcnoiing iimc aic piomincni, and
ilcicloic ii is clcaily slown ilai iimc is and impoiiani lacioi loi ilc aiiainmcni ol
libciaiion. Ii is also slown ilai onc wlo dics duiing ilc nigli oi duiing ilc six
monils wlcn ilc sun passcs in ilc souil docs noi aiiain libciaiion.
Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias spcals ilc lollowing woids io icluic ilis objcciion.
Sufra 21
yoginal piaii smaiyaic smaiic caiic
yoginal-ilc yogs; piaii-io; smaiyaic-is icmcmbcicd; smaiic-ilc iwo ilai
aic icmcmbcicd; ca-and; cic-ilcy.
Ii is icmcmbcicd ol ilc yogs. Also, iwo aic icmcmbcicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc yogs, ilai is ilcy wlo aic dcvoicd io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad,
do noi ialc ilcsc dcsciipiions ol ilc passing ol ilc moon, ilc ligli, and oilci
poinis in iimc vciy sciiously. Tlcy mcicly malc a mcnial noic ol ilcm (smaiyaic).
Tlc suiia cxplains, "cic smaiic" (ilcy aic icmcmbcicd). Tlc Supicmc Loid
cxplains in llagavad-gia (S.27):
naiic sii paiila janan
yog mulyaic lascana
"Alilougl ilc dcvoiccs lnow ilcsc iwo pails, O Aijuna, ilcy aic ncvci
bcwildcicd."
Tlc conclusion is ilai a pcison siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc nccd noi
bc conccincd aboui ilc spccilic iimc ol lis dcail. Tlc mcniion ol spccilic iimcs is
noi piomincni in ilis passagc liom llagavad-gia (S.23-26). Tlc passagc bcgins
wiil ilc mcniion ol liic, wlicl las noiling io do wiil iimc. In laci, ilc dillcicni
laciois mcniioncd in ilis passagc aic all aiivalila-dcvaias (dcmigods ilai caiiy ilc
soul liom ilc body). Tlc auiloi ol ilc suiias will cxplain ilis in suiia +.3.2. Ii is
also said:
diva ca sulla-palsas ca
uiiaiayanam cva ca
mumuisaiam piasasiani
vipaiiam iu gailiiam
"Tlc bcsi iimcs loi ilcy wlo aic aboui io dic aic ilc dayiimc, ilc biigli
loiinigli, and ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc noiil. Tlc oilci iimcs
aic noi good."
Tlis vcisc dcsciibcs ilc condiiion ol ilc souls noi cnliglicncd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc. Tlcy wlo aic cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc always aiiain Loid Haii. Tlc iimc wlcn ilcy lcavc ilcii maiciial bodics
is noi iclcvani.
Pada 3
Invocaiion
yal sva-piapii-pailam dcval
scvanablasaio 'disai
piapyam ca sva-padam picyan
mamasau syamasundaial
I lovc landsomc and dail Loid Kisna, wlo slows, cvcn io ilcy wlo lavc only
ilc dim icllcciion ol dcvoiional scivicc, ilc pail ilai lcads io Him.
Adhikarana 1
Many Pafhs or One:
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis pada will bc dcsciibcd ilc naiuic ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad
and ilc pail ilai lcads io ilc icalm ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In ilc
Clandogya Upanisad (+.15.5-6) ii is said:
aila yad u caivasmin savyam luivanii yadi ca naicisam cvablisamblavaiy aiciso
'lai ala apuiyamanam apuiyamana-palsad yan sad-udaddcii masan ian
samcblyal samvaisaiam samvaisaiad adiiiyam adiiyac candiamasam candiamaso
vidyuiam iai puiuso 'manaval. sa cian bialma gamayaiy csa dcva-pailo bialma-
paila cicna piaiipadyamana imam manavam avaiiam navaiianic.
"Wlcilci lis linal iiics aic pciloimcd oi noi, ilc yog gocs io ilc ligli. Iiom
ilc ligli lc gocs io ilc day. Iiom ilc day lc gocs io biigli loiinigli. Iiom ilc
biigli loiinigli lc gocs io ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc noiil. Iiom
ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc noiil lc gocs io ycai. Iiom ilc ycai lc
gocs io ilc sun. Iiom ilc sun lc gocs io ilc moon. Iiom ilc moon lc gocs io
liglining. Iiom ilcic a divinc pcison lcads lim io lialman. Tlis is ilc pail io
ilc Loid, ilc pail io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcy wlo iiavcl ilis
pail do noi iciuin io ilc woild ol luman bcings."
In ilis passagc ligli is ilc liisi siagc on ilis pail. Howcvci, in ilc Kausial
Upanisad (1.3) ii is said:
sa ciam dcva-yanam panilanam apadyagnilolam agacclaii sa vayulolam sa
vaiunalolam sa indialolam sa piajapaiilolam sa bialmalolam
"Hc iiavcls on ilc pail ol ilc lcavcnly plancis. Hc gocs io Agnilola. Hc gocs io
Vayulola. Hc gocs io Vaiunalola. Hc gocs io Indialola. Hc gocs io Piajapaiilola.
Hc gocs io lialmalola."
Hcic Agnilola is ilc liisi siagc. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (5.10) ii is
said:
yada la vai puiuso 'smai lolai piaiii sa vayum agacclaii iasmai sa iaiia vijilic
yaila iaila-caliasya llam icna uidlva aliamaic sa adiiyam agacclaii
"Lcaving ilis woild, ilc soul gocs io Vayulola. Tlcic lc passcs iliougl ilc
opcning ol a claiioi-wlccl. Tlcn ilc soul asccnds io ilc sun."
Hcic Vayulola is ilc liisi siagc on ilc pail. In ilc Mundala Upanisad (2.11) ii
is said:
suiya-dvaicna viiajal piayanii
"Passing iliougl ilc dooiway ol ilc sun, ilc soul is clcanscd ol all impuiiiics."
Hcic ilc sun is ilc liisi siagc on ilc pail. In oilci sciipiuics oilci accounis aic
also sccn.
Samsaya (doubi): Is only onc pail io ilc woild ol ilc Supicmc dcsciibcd lcic,
oi aic many dillcicni pails, bcginning wiil ilc pail ilai bcgins wiil ligli,
dcsciibcd lcic in ilcsc passagcs ol ilc Upanisads'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilcsc pails aic all dillcicni ilcic
musi bc many dillcicni pails.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
aicii-adina iai piailiicl
aicil-ligli; adina-bcginning wiil; iai-ilai; piailiicl-bccausc ol bcing
wcll lnown.
Ii bcgins wiil ligli, loi ilai is wcll lnown.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc cnliglicncd souls iiavcls io ilc woild ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad on a pail ilai bcgins wiil ligli. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "iai
piailiicl" (loi ilai is wcll lnown). In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (5.10.1) ii is said:
iad ya iiilam vidui yc ccmc 'ianyc siaddlam iapa iiy upasaic ic aicisam
"Tlis ilcy lnow: Tlcy wlo pciloim ausiciiiics and woislip ilc Loid wiil laiil
iiavcl on ilc pail ilai bcgins wiil ligli."
Tlis passagc is ialcn liom ilc clapici dcsciibing ilc lnowlcdgc ol ilc livc
liics (pancagni-vidya). Tlcicloic ilc pail ilai bcgins wiil ligli is iiavclcd cvcn by
ilcy wlo siudy ilc liic and oilci vidyas. In ilc lialma-iaila ii is said:
dvav cva maigau piailiiav
aicii-adii vipasciiam
dlumadil laiminam caiva
saiva-vcda-viniinayai
"Two pails aic lamous. Tlc pail bcginning wiil ligli is iiavclcd by ilcy wlo
aic cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc, and ilc pail bcginning wiil
smolc is iiavclcd by ilcy wlo pciloim Vcdic iiiuals. Tlai is ilc conclusion ol all
ilc Vcdas."
Tlis bcing so, ii is undcisiood ilai ilc sciipiuics dcsciibc a singlc pail loi ilc
cnliglicncd souls, and ilcicloic ilc dillcicnccs in ilc dcsciipiions slould bc
icconcilcd in ilc samc was ilcy wcic in ilc casc ol ilc aiiiibuics ol ilc Loid. Tlis
is so bccausc ilc lnowlcdgc io bc dcsciibcd lcic is onc, cvcn ilougl ilc sciipiuial
icxis sccm io givc dillcicni cxplanaiions. Tlc conclusion, ilcn, is ilai ilc pail
bcgins wiil ligli. Any oilci inicipiciaiion bicals ilc ical mcaning ol ilc Vcdic
icxis.
Adhikarana 2
VayuIoka
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now is bcgun a ncw discussion io slow ilai Vayulola and oilci placcs slould
bc addcd io ilc scqucncc ilai bcgins wiil ligli. In ilc picviously quoicd passagc
liom Kausial Upanisad (1.3) ii was said:
sa ciam dcva-yanam panilanam apadyagnilolam agacclaii sa vayulolam
"Hc iiavcls on ilc pail ol ilc lcavcnly plancis. Iiisi lc gocs io Agnilola and
ilcn io Vayulola."
Samsaya (doubi): Slould Vayulola bc addcd io ilc pail ilai bcgins wiil ligli,
oi slould ii noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii slould noi, loi ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs
ilcsc siagcs in a spccilic scqucncc, and bccausc ilai scqucncc cannoi bc clangcd
by somconc's wlim.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 2
vayum abdad aviscsa-viscsablyam
vayum-Vayu; abdai-liom ilc ycai; aviscsa-bccausc ol noi bcing spccilic;
viscsablyam-and bccausc ol bcing spccilic.
Vayu comcs alici ilc ycai, loi ii boil spccilic and noi spccilic.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc pail bcginning wiil ligli, ilc siagc ol Vayulola slould bc placcd alici
ilc ycai and bcloic ilc sun. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "aviscsai" (loi ii is
noi spccilic). Tlis mcans ilai in ilc passagc liom Kausial Upanisad (1.3) ii was
noi spccilically siaicd wlcic Vayulola comcs in ilc scqucncc. Howcvci, in ilc
passagc liom lilad-aianyala Upanisad (5.10) ilcic is a spccilic siaicmcni ilai
Vayulola comcs bcloic ilc sun in ilis scqucncc. Also, in lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(6.2.15) ii is said ilai alici ilc monils, and alici Dcvalola, ilc soul comcs io ilc
sun. Tlc Dcvalola lcic slould bc undcisiood io bc Vayulola. In ilc sciipiuics ii
is said:
yo 'yam pavana csa cva dcvanam gilal
"Vayulola is ilc lomc ol ilc dcvas."
Tlcicloic, bccausc ii is ilc lomc ol ilc dcvas, Vayulola is also callcd Dcvalola.
Somc say ilai ilcic is a spccilic planci, Dcvalola, wlicl is paii ol ilis scqucncc.
(Il ilis inicipiciaiion is acccpicd, ilcn Dcvalola) slould bc placcd alici ilc ycai
and bcloic Vayulola. Ii slould noi bc placcd bciwccn ilc monils and ilc ycai, loi
ilai siagc in ilc scqucncc is wcll lnown. Tlcicloic Dcvalola and Vayulola slould
boil bc placcd bciwccn ilc ycai and ilc sun.
Adhikarana 3
VarunaIoka
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Kausial Upanisad (1.3) ii is said:
sa vaiunalolam sa indialolam sa piajapaiilolam
"Hc gocs io Vaiunalola. Hc gocs io Indialola. Hc gocs io Piajapaiilola."
Samsaya (doubi): Is Vaiunalola onc ol ilc siagcs in ilc pail bcginning wiil
ligli'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilcic is no placc loi ii in ilis pail,
as ilcic was a placc loi Vayulola, Vaiunalola is noi a siagc in ilis pail.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 3
iadiio 'dli vaiunal sambandlai
iadiial-liglining; adli-abovc; vaiunal-Vaiuna; sambandlai-bccausc ol
ilc iclaiionslip.
Vaiunalola comcs alici liglining, loi ilai is ilcii iclaiionslip.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (+.15.5) ii is said:
candiamaso vidyuiam
"Hc lcavcs ilc moon and gocs io liglining."
Ii is sccn ilai ilc soul iiavcls liom liglining io Vaiunalola. Wly is ilai' Tlc
suiia cxplains, sambandlai", wlicl mcans "loi ilai is ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn
ligliing and Vaiunalola". Iiisi liglining is manilcsicd, and ilcn comcs iain. In
ilc Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
yaila li visala vidyuias ivia-sianiia-niiglosa jmuiodaic niiyaniy ailapal
piapaianii vidyoiaic sianayaii vaisayaii vai
"Wlcn biilliani liglining and lcavy ilundci play among ilc clouds, waici
will lall. Liglining, ilundci, and iain lollow in ilai scqucncc."
lccausc ilc iain las a closc conncciion wiil Vaiuna, ilcic is also a closc
iclaiion bciwccn Vaiunalola and ilc icalm ol liglining. Alici Vaiunalola comc
Indialola and Piajapaiilola. Vaiunalola slould c placcd ilcic bccausc ilcic is noi
oilci placc loi ii and bccausc ii is icasonablc io placc ii ilcic. In ilis way ilc pail
io ilc spiiiiual woild, a pail ilai bcgins wiil ilc icalm ol ligli and piocccds io
Piajapaiilola, las ciilci iwclvc oi iliiiccn siagcs.
Adhikarana +
The Afivahika-devafa Demigods
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now a cciiain aspcci ol ilc pail ilai bcgins wiil ligli will bc considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc ligli and oilci ilings landmails on ilc pail, oi aic
ilcy pcisons caiiying ilc cnliglicncd soul'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlcy aic landmails, loi ilc icxi dcsciibcs
ilcm in ilai way. Tlcy aic lilc landmails pcoplc may indicaic, jusi as onc may
say, "Go io ilc iivci. Tlcn ilcic will bc a lill, and alici ilai will bc a villagc." Oi
ilcy may bc pcisons, loi ilc woids could bc inicipicicd in ilai way.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +
aiivalilas ial-lingai
aiivalilal-Aiivalila dcmigods; iai-ol ilai; lingai-bccausc ol ilc
sympioms.
Tlcy aic aiivalila dcmigods, bccausc ol ilcii claiaciciisiics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc ilings bcginning wiil ligli aic dcmigods appoinicd by ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad io caiiy ilc soul. Tlcy aic nciilci landmails noi oidinaiy
pcisons. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "ial-lingai" (bccausc ol ilcii
claiaciciisiics). Tlis mcans ilai ilcy lavc ilc claiaciciisiics ol ilcy wlo caiiy
oilcis. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad ii is said:
iai-puiuso 'manaval sa cian bialma gamayaii
"Hc is a divinc pcison. Hc biings ilcm io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
Tlc divinc pcison dcsciibcd lcic biings ilc soul io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc ligli and oilci ilings aic lis assisianis. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Tlai ilcy aic nciilci landmails noi oidinaiy pcisons is coiioboiaicd in ilc
lollowing suiia.
Sufra 5
ublaya-vyamolai iai siddlcl
ublaya-boil; vyamolai-bccausc ol bcwildcimcni; iai-ilai; siddlcl-
bccausc ol piool.
Ii is piovcd bccausc ilc oilci iwo aic unicnablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc ilcy wlo dic duiing ilc nigli do noi lavc coniaci wiil ilc dayiimc
and ilus cannoi lavc coniaci wiil ilc ligli and oilci ilings on ilc pail, ilcsc
ilings cannoi bc landmails. lccausc oidinaiy pcisons aic noi vciy powcilul and
ilcicloic cannoi caiiy ilc soul in ilis way, ilcy cannoi bc oidinaiy pcisons ciilci.
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia slows ilai ilcy can bc nciilci landmails noi oidinaiy
pcisons. Tlcicloic ilcy musi bc aiivalila dcmigods. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Adhikarana 5
The Divine Person
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc divinc pcison scni by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad dcsccnd io ilc planc ol ligli, oi docs lc dcsccnd only io ilc planc ol
liglining'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad scnds His mcsscngcis cvcn io ilc caiil io caiiy bacl Ajamila and oilcis,
ilcicloic ilis divinc pcison musi dcsccnd io ilc planc ol ligli.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 6
vaidyuicnaiva iaias iac cliuicl
vaidyuicna-by ilc pcison siiuaicd in ligli; cva-indccd; iaial-ilcn; iai-
ilai; siuicl-liom ilc siuii-sasiia.
Tlcn by ilc pcison in ligli. Tlis is bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn lc comcs io ilc planc ol liglining, ilc cnliglicncd soul by a mcsscngci
scni by ilc Loid Himscll. How is ilai lnown' ilc suiia cxplains, "iac cliuicl"
(bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia). In Clandogya Upanisad (+.15.5) ii is said:
candiamaso vidyuiam iai-puiuso 'manaval sa cian bialma gamayaii
"Iiom ilc moon lc gocs io ilc liglining. Tlcic a divinc pcison ialcs lim io
ilc Supicmc."
In ilis way ii is slown ilc Vaiunalola and ilc oilcis aic ilc assisianis ol ilai
divinc pcison. Tlc casc ol Ajamila is cxiiaoidinaiy. Ii is noi iypical.
Adhikarana 6
Badari Muni's Opinion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Having ilus dcsciibcd ilc pail by wlicl ilc goal is icaclcd, now ilc auiloi
dcsciibcs ilc goal iiscll.
Visaya (ilc iopic io bc discusscd): Tlc iopic lcic is Clandogya Upanisad
+.15.5), wlicl says:
sa cian gamayaii
"Tlcic a divinc pcison ialcs lim io ilc lialman."
In ilc lollowing scciion ilc opinion ol ladaii Muni is givcn liisi.
Samsaya (doubi): lcic ii is said ilai a divinc pcison biings ilc soul io
"bialma". Is ilis "bialma" ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, oi is ii ilc
dcmigod lialma, wlo las loui laccs'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc woid bialma" lcic musi iclci io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, loi in ilis passagcs cxplains ilai ilc soul aiiains
immoiialiiy.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ladaii Muni givcs lis opinion.
Sufra 7
laiyam badaiii asya gaiy-upapaiicl
laiyam-ilc cicaicd bcing; badaiil-ladaii Muni; asya-ol ol lim; gaii-
aiiainmcni; upapaiicl-bccausc ol bcing possiblc.
ladaii Muni says ii is ilc cicaicd onc, loi ilai is ilc only possiblc goal.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
ladaii Muni ilinls ilai ilc divinc pcison ialcs ilc soul io ilc dcmigod
lialma. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, asya gaiy-upapaiicl" (loi ilai is ilc
only possiblc goal). Tlc dcmigod lialma is siiuaicd in a singlc placc, and
ilcicloic ilc soul can go liom onc placc io anoilci in oidci io mcci Him. Tlc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, lowcvci, is all-pcivading, always picscni
cvciywlcic. Tlcicloic ii is noi possiblc loi ilc soul io go liom onc placc io
anoilci in oidci io mcci Him. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra 8
viscsiiaivac ca
viscsiiaivai-bccausc ol bcing spccilicd; ca-also.
Also bccausc ii is spccilically siaicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Clandogya Upanisad (7.1+.1) ii is said:
piajapaicl sablam vcsma piapadyc
"Hc aiiains ilc lomc ol Piajapaii."
In ilis way ii is spccilically siaicd ilai lc aiiains ilc dcmigod lialma.
Sufra 9
sampyai iu iad vyapadcsal
sampyai-bccausc ol ncaincss; iu-bui; iai-ilai; vyapadcsal-dcsignaiion.
lui ilai dcsignaiion is bccausc ol ncaincss.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.2.15) ii is said:
sa ciya bialmalolan gamayaii iu icsu bialmalolcsu paial paiavanio vasanii.
icsam ila na punai aviiiii asii.
"Tlcn lc ialcs ilcm io lialmalola. In lialmalola ilcy siay loi many agcs.
Tlcy do noi iciuin."
Hcic ilc cxplanaiion (vyapadcsal) is ilai ilcy do noi iciuin. Tlis mcans ilai
bccausc ilcy aic ncai (sampyai) io libciaiion, ilcy will bc libciaicd in ilc luiuic.
Tlis mcans ilai ilc cnliglicncd souls aiiain ilc woild ol ilc dcmigod lialma.
Tlcy ilus aiiain libciaiion along wiil ilc dcmigod lialma. In ilis way ilcy do
noi iciuin.
Wlcn docs ilis occui' Tlc ncxi suiia cxplains.
Sufra 10
laiyaiyayc iad-adlyalscna salaial paiam ablidlanai
laiya-ol ilc cicaiion; aiyayc-ai ilc cnd; iai-ol ilai; adlyalscna-ilc iulci;
sala-wiil; aial-ilcn; paiam-ilc Supicmc; ablidlanai-bccausc ol ilc
cxplanaiion.
Wiil iis iulci io ilc Supicmc wlcn ilc cicaiion is annililaicd bccausc ol ilc
cxplanaiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn ilc maiciial cicaiion up io ilc woild ol loui-laccd lialma is dcsiioycd,
ilcy go wiil ilc iulci ol ilc maiciial woild, ilc loui-laccd lialma, liom ilai
cicaicd woild io ilc Supicmc lialman, wlo is dillcicni liom ilc loui-laccd
lialma. Tlc icason loi ilis is givcn by ilc suiia, "ablidlanai" (bccausc ol ilc
cxplanaiion). In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad (3.1.1) ii is said:
bialma-vid apnoii paiam
"Hc wlo lnows lialman aiiains ilc Supicmc."
Ii is also said ilcic:
so 'snuic saivan laman sala bialmana
"Tlcic, in ilc company ol lialman, lc cnjoys ilc lullillmcni ol all lis dcsiics."
Tlc pliasc "wiil lialman" lcic mcans, "wiil ilc dcmigod lialma, wlo las
loui laccs." Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Sufra 11
smiics ca
smiicl-liom ilc Smiii-sasiia; ca-also.
Iiom ilc Smiii-sasiia also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
bialmana sala ic saivc
sampiapic piaiisancaic
paiasyanic liiaimanal
piavisanii paiam padam
"Wlcn ilc maiciial univcisc is dcsiioycd, ilcy wlosc lcaiis aic dcvoicd io ilc
Supicmc Loid, cnici ilc supicmc abodc along wiil ilc dcmigod lialma."
In ilis way ilc sanisila dcvoiccs iiavcl on ilc pail bcginning wiil ligli, a pail
ilai biings ilcm io ilc dcmigod lialma. Tlai is ilc opinion ol ladaii Muni.
In ilc ncxi suiia Jaimini Muni givcs lis opinion.
Adhikarana 7
]aimini Muni's Opinion
Sufra 12
paiam jaiminii mullyaivai
paiam-ilc Supicmc; jaiminil-Jaimini; mullyaivai-bccausc ol bcing
piimaiy.
Jaimini ilinls ii is ilc Supicmc, loi ilai is ilc piimaiy mcaning.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Jaimini Muni ilinls ilc soul is ialcn io ilc Supicmc. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "mullyaivai", wlicl mcans "loi ilai is ilc piimaiy mcaning ol ilc woid
lialman". Also, ii is noi coiicci io say ilai ii is noi possiblc io aiiain ilc Supicmc
(loi Hc is all-pcivading). Wlcn ilc dcvoiccs bccomc licc liom all maiciial
dcsignaiions ilcn ilcy can aiiain ilc Supicmc Loid, wlicl mcans ilcn ilcy can
pciccivc His picscncc.
Sufra 13
daisanac ca
daisanai-bccausc ol ilc sigli; ca-also.
Also bccausc ii is sccn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilc Dalaia-vidya clapici ol Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3) ilc goal is clcaily
dcsciibcd as ilc Supicmc lialman. Tlis is so bccausc ilc aiiiibuics ol immoiialiiy
aic asciibcd io ilis lialman and also bccausc ilc soul wlo iiavcls io ilis lialman
manilcsis lis own oiiginal spiiiiual loim. All ilcsc cxplanaiions would noi bc
appiopiiaic il ilc lialman lcic wcic ilc dcmigod lialma. Indccd, ilis clapici ol
ilc Upanisad is noi aboui ilc dcmigod lialma. Ii is clcaily aboui ilc Supicmc
lialman, ilc Supicmc Loid.
In ilc Kaila Upanisad, in ilc passagc bcginning saiam ca", ilc Supicmc
lialman is clcaily dcsciibcd as ilc goal ol ilis pail. In anoilci placc in ilc Siuii-
sasiia, in ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woid "dlaimai", ilc goal also musi bc
ilc Supicmc lialman, loi lc is dcsciibcd ilcic as immoiial. Ii is also said:
Sufra 1+
na ca laiyc piaiipaiiy-ablisandlil
na-noi; ca-and; laiyc-in ilc cicaicd; piaiipaiii-lnowlcdgc;
ablisandlil-dcsiic.
Tlc dcsiic is noi io lnow ilc cicaicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic ilc woid "piaiipaiii" mcans "lnowlcdgc", and ilc woid "ablisandli"
mcans "dcsiic". Tlc soul cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc docs noi
dcsiic io lcain ilc iiuil aboui ilc dcmigod lialma, loi ilc aiiainmcni ol ilai
lnowlcdgc is noi ilc liglcsi goal ol lilc. Howcvci, lc docs dcsiic io aiiain
lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc lialman, loi ilai is ilc liglcsi goal ol lilc. Onc aiiains
ilc goal lc siiivcs loi. Tlis is cxplaincd in Clandogya Upanisad (3.1+). Tlcicloic
ilc conclusion is ilai ilc divinc pcison lcads ilc dcvoiccs io ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlai is ilc opinion ol Jaimini Muni.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs lis opinion. Hc says:
Sufra 15
apiailalambanan nayaiii badaiayana ublayaila ca dosai iai-liaius ca
a-noi; piaila-loim; alambanan-icsiing; nayaii-lcads; iii-ilus;
badaiayanal-Vyasadcva; ublayaila-boil; ca-and; dosai-bccausc ol lauli; iai-
liaiul-by ilc maxim bcginning wiil ilc woids "iai-liaiul"; ca-also.
Hc lcads ilcy wlo ialc slclici ol ilc Loid as Hc wlo las no maiciial loim.
Tlai is Vyaadcva's opinion. lccausc boil lavc laulis and also bccausc ol ilc
maxim bcginning wiil ilc woids "iai-liaiul".
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc divinc pcison lcads io ilc Supicmc ilc sanisilas and all oilci dcvoiccs
wlo do noi ilinl ilai ilc Supicmc is maiciial. Tlcsc dcvoiccs aic dillcicni liom
ilcy wlo woislip ilc Loid as ilc namcs and loims ol ilis woild. Tlai is ilc
opinion ol Vyasadcva. Hc docs noi acccpi ilc vicw ilai ilc divinc pcison lcads ilc
woislipcis ol ilc dcmigod lialma, noi docs lc acccpi ilc vicw ilai ilc divinc
pcison lcads all ilc woislipcis ol ilc Supicmc. Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains,
"ublayaila ca dosai", wlicl mcans "bccausc boil vicws coniiadici ilc siaicmcnis
ol sciipiuic".
Tlc liisi vicw coniiadicis ilc lollowing woids ol Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3):
paiam jyoiii upapadya
"Hc mccis ilc cllulgcni Supicmc Pcison."
Tlc sccond vicw coniiadicis ilc dcsciipiion in Clandogya Upanisad (5.10) ol
ilc goal aiiaincd by ilcy wlo lavc lnowlcdgc ol pancagni-vidya and wlo iiavcl
on ilc pail bcginning wiil ligli. Anoilci icason is givcn in ilc maxim ol
Clandogya Upanisad (3.1+.1) ilai dcclaics a pcison aiiains a dcsiinaiion
appiopiiaic io ilc naiuic ol lis laiil. Tlcy wlo idcniily ilc Supicmc wiil ilc
woids and oilci ilings in ilc maiciial woild cannoi iiavcl by ilc pail bcginning
wiil ligli, loi ilis would coniiadici ilc maxim ol Clandogya Upanisad. Howcvci,
in ilc sciipiuics ii is alliimcd ilai ilcy wlo woislip ilc Loid in ilc woids ol ilc
Vcdic maniias aiiain ilcii dcsiics indcpcndcnily. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(7.1.5) ii is said:
sa yo nama bialmciy upasic yavan namno gaiam iaiiasya lama-caial
"Hc wlo woislips ilc Loid as ilc sounds ol ilc Vcdic maniias aiiains ilc goal
ol ilc maniias. Hc aiiains lis dcsiic."
Howcvci, ilcy wlo aic lollowcis ol pancagni-vidya iiavcl by ilc pail ol ligli
uniil ilcy icacl Saiyalola. Tlcy do ilis bccausc ilcy woislip ilc Supcisoul.
Wlcn ilcy aiiain pcilcci lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc, ilc aic ablc io iisc abovc ilc
icalm ol Saiyalola. Tlis is so, loi ilc Siuii-sasiia dcclaics ilai ilcy wlo iiavcl on
ilai pail ncvci iciuin io ilc maiciial woild.
Adhikarana 9
A SpeciaI Sifuafion
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai ilc Loid Himscll ialcs cciiain cxalicd
niiapclsa dcvoiccs bacl io His own abodc. In ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad (1.22
and 2+) ii is said:
ciad visnol paiamam padam yc
niiyodyulial samyajanic na laman
icsam asau gopa-iupal piayainai
pialasaycd aima-padam iadaiva
"To ilcy wlo always diligcnily woislip Loid Visnu's iiansccndcnial loim, ilc
Loid, in His oiiginal loim as a cowlcid boy, slows His loius lcci.
omlaicnaniaiiiam yc japanii
govindasya panca-padam manum iam
icsam asau daisaycd aima-iupam
iasman mumulsui ablyascn niiyam saniyai
"To ilcy wlo clani ilc livc-woid maniia wiil Om and Govinda, ilc Loid
icvcals His own loim. Tlcicloic, io aiiain iiansccndcnial pcacc, ilcy wlo dcsiic
libciaiion slould icgulaily clani ilis maniia."
Samsaya (doubi): Aic ilc niiapclsa dcvoiccs caiiicd io ilc spiiiiual woild by
ilc aiivalila dcmigods, oi by ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc sciipiuics alliim:
dvav cva maigau
"Tlcic aic iwo pails."
Tlc conclusion is ilai ilcy wlo aic cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc iiavcl by ilc pail bcginning wiil ligli. In ilai way ilcy cnici ilc
spiiiiual woild. Tlai is alliimcd by ilc Siuii-sasiia. Tlai is low ilc Supicmc Loid
bccomcs ilc causc ol ilcii libciaiion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 16
viscsam ca daisayaii
viscsam-spccial; ca-also; daisayaii-slows.
Ii icvcals a spccial siiuaiion also.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc gcncial siiuaiion is ilai ilc souls cnliglicncd wiil iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc aic caiiicd io ilc spiiiiual woild by ilc aiivalila dcmigods. Howcvci,
ilosc niiapclsa dcvoiccs wlo aic cspccially disiicsscd in scpaiaiion liom ilc Loid
aic caiiicd ilcic by ilc Supicmc Loid Himscll, loi ilc Loid bccomcs impaiicni
and cannoi iolciaic any dclay in biinging ilcm bacl io Him. Tlis is a spccial
siiuaiion. Tlc Siuii-sasiia icvcals ilc iiuil ol ilis siiuaiion in Gopala-iapan
Upanisad (1.22 and 2+). Tlc Supicmc Loid Himscll also cxplains (llagavad-gia
7.6 and 7):
yc iu saivani laimani
mayi sannyasya mai-paial
ananycnaiva yogcna
mam dlyayania upasaic
icsam alam samuddlaiia
miiyu-samsaia-sagaiai
blavami na ciiai paiila
mayy avcsiia-cciasam
"lui ilosc wlo woislip Mc, giving up all ilcii aciiviiics unio Mc and bcing
dcvoicd io Mc wiiloui dcviaiion, cngagcd in dcvoiional scivicc and always
mcdiiaiing upon Mc, laving lixcd ilcii minds upon Mc, O son ol Piila, loi ilcm I
am ilc swili dclivcici liom ilc occan ol biiil and dcail."
Tlc woid "ca" (also) in ilis suiia mcans ilai loi ilc libciaicd souls ilcic aic
iwo pails, onc wlcic ilc maiciial body is casi oll, and ilc oilci wlcic coniaci
wiil ilc maiciial body is mainiaincd. Ii is noi possiblc io say ilai ilc niiapclsa
dcvoiccs lollow ilc pail ilai bcgins in ligli. Also, in ilc Vaiala Puiana ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Himscll says:
nayami paiamam silanam
aicii-adi-gaiim vina
gaiuda-slandlam aiopya
yailccclam anivaiiial
"My dcvoiccs nccd noi lollow ilc pail bcginning in ligli. Riding on Gaiuda's
slouldcis, I pcisonally ialc ilcm io My supicmc abodc."
In ilis way ilc iiuil las bccn cxplaincd.

Pada +
Invocaiion
alaiiavc blalii-savc 'nuiajyan
svam cva yal scvalasai laioii
iaio 'ii-modam mudiial sa dcval
sada cid-ananda-ianui dlinoiu
May ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlosc loim is cicinal and lull ol
lnowlcdgc and bliss, and wlo, plcascd wiil His dcvoiccs sinccic dcvoiion, givcs
Himscll io ilcm, lill us wiil iiansccndcnial lappincss.
Adhikarana 1
The OriginaI Forms of fhe Liberafed SouIs
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In ilis pada will bc dcsciibcd liisi ilc oiiginal loims ol ilc libciaicd souls, and
ilcn ilcii gloiy, opulcncc, bliss, and oilci lcaiuics. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad
(S.12.3) ilc dcmigod lialma cxplains:
cvam cvaisa sampiasado 'smai saiiai samuiilaya paiam jyoiii upasampadya svcna
iupcnablinispadyaic sa uiiamal puiusal
"ly ilc Supicmc Loid's mcicy, ilc cnliglicncd soul lcavcs lis maiciial body
and cnicis ilc cllulgcni spiiiiual woild. Tlcic lc aiiains lis own spiiiiual body.
Hc bccomcs ilc mosi cxalicd ol pcisons."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc libciaicd soul aiiain a body, lilc ilc bodics ol ilc
dcmigods, ilai is dillcicni liom limscll, oi docs ilc manilcsi lis oiiginal idcniiiy,
wlicl is noi dillcicni liom limscll'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lc aiiains a body dillcicni liom limscll.
Tlis musi bc so bccausc ilc woid ablinispadyaic" (is aiiaincd) is cmploycd lcic.
Any oilci inicipiciaiion would malc ilis woid mcaninglcss and would also malc
mcaninglcss ilc sciipiuics' siaicmcni ilai libciaiion is a bcnclii aiiaincd by ilc
soul. Il ilis loim is only ilc oiiginal naiuic ol ilc soul and ii lad cxisicd all along,
ilcn aiiaining ii would noi bc a bcnclii gianicd io ilc soul. Tlcicloic ilis loim is
ncwly aiiaincd by ilc soul and is dillcicni liom ilc soul's oiiginal naiuic.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 1
sampadyaviiblaval svcna-sabdai
sampadya-ol lc wlo las aiiaincd; aviiblaval-manilcsiaiion; svcna-svcna;
sabdai-by ilc woid.
lccausc ol ilc woid "svcna" ii is ilc manilcsiaiion ol lc wlo las gonc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc individual spiiii soul wlo, by mcans ol dcvoiional scivicc accompanicd
wiil lnowlcdgc and icnunciaiion, aiiains ilc cllulgcni Supicmc, bccomcs licc
liom ilc bondagc ol laima and aiiains a body cndowcd wiil cigli viiiucs. Tlis
body is said io bc ilc soul's oiiginal loim. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "svcna-
sabdai" (bccausc ol ilc woid "svcna"). Tlc woid "svcna" lcic mcans, "in lis own
oiiginal loim". Ioi ilis icason ii cannoi bc said ilai ilis passagc mcans, "ilc soul
aiiivcs ilcic and ilcn acccpis ilai loim, wlicl is an cxicinal imposiiion". In ilai
way ii is piovcd ilai ilc loim lcic is ilc oiiginal loim ol ilc soul. Tlis is noi
coniiadicicd by ilc usc ol ilc woid "nispadyaic", loi ilai woid is also uscd io
mcan, "is manilcsicd". An cxamplc ol ilai usagc is sccn in ilc lollowing woids ol
ilc Siuii-sasiia:
idam clam su-nispannam
"Hc is manilcsicd."
Also, ii is noi ilai ilc manilcsiaiion ol ilc soul's oiiginal loim cannoi bc,
bccausc ii alicady cxisis, a goal ol luman cndcavoi. Tlis is so bccausc cvcn
ilougl ilc soul's oiiginal loim cxisis, ii is noi opcnly manilcsicd. Tlcicloic ii is
noi usclcss io say ilai ilc soul may cndcavoi io opcnly manilcsi ilc oiiginal loim
ol ilc soul. Tlcicloic ilc manilcsiaiion ol ilai loim can bc an objcci ol luman
cndcavoi.
Hcic somconc may say: Wlcn ilc spiiii soul is manilcsicd in iis oiiginal loim
and ii aiiains ilc cllulgcni Supicmc, as dcsciibcd in ilc woids "paiam jyoiii
upasampadya", ilc ilc libciaicd siaic ilus aiiaincd is claiaciciizcd mainly by ilc
ccssaiion ol all maiciial sullciings.
Il ilis is said, ilcn I icply: No. Ii is noi so. Tlc Siuii-sasiia cxplains ilai in ilc
libciaicd siaic ilc soul is lillcd wiil inicnsc spiiiiual bliss. Tlis is dcsciibcd in
Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.7):
iasam ly cvayam labdlvanand-blavaii
"Wlcn onc undcisiands ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc icscivoii ol plcasuic,
Kisna, lc aciually bccomcs iiansccndcnially blisslul."
Hcic somconc may objcci: How do you lnow ilai appioacling ilc cllulgcni
Supicmc Loid is iiuc libciaiion'
Il ilis is said, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 2
mulial piaiijnanai
mulial-libciaicd; piaiijnanai-bccausc ol ilc dcclaiaiion.
Hc is libciaicd bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc libciaicd soul manilcsis lis oiiginal loim. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains,
"piaiijnanai" (bccausc ol ilc siaicmcni). Tlc oiiginal condiiion ol ilc soul is
dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad (S.7.1). Alici ilai dcsciipiion, ilc lollowing
piomisc is givcn (S.9.3):
ciam iv cva ic bluyo 'nuvyallyasyami
"Again I will cxplain ii io you."
Tlc ilc dcmigod lialma piocccdcd io cxplain ilai ilc libciaicd soul is licc
liom walclulncss, dicaming, and dicamlcss slccp, ilc ilicc condiiions ol maiciial
consciousncss and also licc liom ilc maiciial body, wlicl is cicaicd by ilc laimic
icaciions ol plcasani and unplcasani dccds. Tlc dcmigod lialma dcsciibcd ilis in
oidci io lullill ilc piomisc lc madc in S.9.3). lccausc ilis passagc cxplains ilai
ilc soul bccomcs libciaicd wlcn lc is licc liom ilc cxicinal maiciial body cicaicd
by laimic icaciions, ii slould bc undcisiood ilai in ilc libciaicd siaic ilc soul is
manilcsicd in iis oiiginal loim.
In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3) cxplains ilai in ilc
libciaicd siaic ilc soul manilcsis iis oiiginal loim. Now anoilci poini will bc
considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc woid "jyoiil" in Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3) iclci
io ilc sun-globc oi io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Ii iclcis io ilc sun-globc. Tlis musi bc so
loi ilc Mundala Upanisad dcclaics ilai alici passing iliougl ilc icalm ol ilc sun
onc aiiains libciaiion. Tlc sun-globc is also dcsciibcd in ilai way in ilc
Clandogya Upanisad's dcsciipiion ol ilc pail bcginning wiil ligli.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 3
aima pialaianai
aima-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; pialaianai-bccausc ol ilc
conicxi.
Ii is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, bccausc ol ilc conicxi.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "jyoiil" lcic iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ii docs
noi iclci io ilc sun-globc. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "pialaianai" (bccausc
ol ilc conicxi). Alilougl ilc woid "jyoiil" can iclci io ciilci, bccausc ol ilc
conicxi ii iclcis io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Ii is lilc ilc woid
"dcval", wlicl in ilc scnicncc "dcvo janaii mc manal" (youi loidslip lnows my
lcaii) mcans "youi loidslip".
Tlc woid aima" in ilis suiia mcans "ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo
is all-powcilul and lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss". Tlc woid "aima" is dciivcd liom
ilc vcibal iooi "ai". In ilis way "aima" mcans, Hc wlo is splcndidly manilcsi",
"Hc wlo is aiiaincd by ilc libciaicd souls", and "Hc wlo is all-pcivading". Ii also
mcans "Upanisad", and ii las many oilci mcanings also. Iuiilci, ilc woid
"aima" also slows ilai ilc Supicmc is a pcison. Tlis is also sccn by ilc usc ol ilc
pliasc "uiiamal puiusal" in ilc Upanisads and llagavad-gia. In ilis way ii is
sccn ilai ilc "paiam jyoiil" in Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3) iclcis io ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, Loid Haii.
Adhikarana 2
The IndividuaI SouI Meefs fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now anoilci iopic will bc considcicd.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn ilc libciaicd soul aiiains ilc cllulgcni Supicmc in ilc
spiiiiual woild, is ilc libciaiion salolya (icsiding on ilc samc planci) oi sayujya
(mcciing wiil ilc Loid)'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): As a pcison cniciing a ling's capiiol icsidcs
in ilc samc ciiy as ilc ling bui docs noi aiiain a piivaic audicncc wiil ilc ling, so
ilc libciaicd soul icsidcs on ilc samc planci wiil ilc Loid. Tlcicloic ilc soul
aiiains salolya libciaiion
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra +
aviblagcna disiaivai
aviblagcna-wiiloui scpaiaiion; disiaivai-bccausc ol bcing sccn.
Tlcic is no scpaiaiion, loi ilai is sccn.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc libciaicd soul is noi scpaiaicd liom ilc Loid. In ilis way ilc soul aiiains
sayujya libciaiion. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "disiaivai" (loi ilai is sccn).
Tlis mcans, "loi ilis siiuaiion is sccn in ilc Siuii-sasiia". Ioi cxamplc, in
Mundala Upanisad (3.2.S) ii is said:
yaila nadyal syandamanal samudic
asiam gacclanii nama-iupc vilaya
yaila vidvan nama-iupad vimulial
paiai paiam puiusam upaiii divyam
"As llowing iivcis abandon ilcii namcs and loims and mcci wiil ilc sca, so ilc
cnliglicncd soul, licc ol wlai lad bccn lis namc and loim, mccis wiil ilc
cllulgcni Supicmc Pcison."
Tlai ilc woid "sayujya" mcans "mcciing" is sccn in ilc lollowing passagc ol
ilc Mala-Naiayana Upanisad (25.1):
ya cvam vidvan udag-ayanc piamyaic dcvanam cva malimanam gaivadiiyasya
sayujyam gacclaii
"Tlc soul ilai dics duiing ilc six monils wlcn ilc sun iiavcls in ilc noiil
aiiains ilc gloiy ol ilc gods. Hc appioaclcs ilc sun and aiiains sayujya wiil ii."
Salolya and ilc oilci linds ol libciaiion aic dillcicni vaiiciics ol sayujya. Ii is
noi ilai wlcn ilcy lccl ilc scniimcni ol scpaiaiion liom ilc Loid ilc libciaicd
dcvoiccs aic noi also, ai ilai samc momcni, mcciing wiil ilc Loid. Tlis is so
bccausc ilc Loid is always manilcsicd in ilcii ilouglis and coniinucs io ioucl
ilcm wiil His gloiics.
Tlc cxamplc (ol ilc iivcis cniciing ilc occan) givcn abovc slould noi bc ialcn
io mcan ilai ilc libciaicd souls bccomc idcniical wiil ilc Loid. Wlcn waici liom
onc placc cnicis waici ol anoilci placc, ilc iwo waicis do noi aciually mcigc and
bccomc idcniical. Tlcy icmain scpaiaic. Tlis is sccn in ilc laci ilc ilc volumc ol
waici in ilc occan incicascs as ilc iivcis llow inio ii.
Adhikarana 3
The QuaIifies of fhe Liberafed SouI
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi will dcsciibc ilc plcasuics cxpciicnccd by ilc libciaicd soul. In
oidci io dcsciibc ilcsc plcasuics ilc auiloi will dcsciibc ilc libciaicd soul's
spiiiiual loim and iis losi ol advaniagcs, wlicl bcgin wiil ilc blcssing ai all iis
dcsiics aic ai oncc lullillcd. Iiisi ilc libciaicd soul's advaniagcs and viiiucs will bc
dcsciibcd.
Samsaya (doubi): Wlcn lc mccis ilc cllulgcni Supicmc Loid, docs ilc
individual spiiii soul manilcsi a loim gloiious wiil many viiiucs and advaniagcs,
oi docs ilc soul manilcsi a loim ol spiiiiual consciousncss, oi docs ilc soul
manilcsi a loim wiil boil viiiucs and consciousncss, loi ilcsc iwo can cciiainly
cxisi iogcilci in a singlc loim'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Hcic Jaimini Muni givcs lis opinion.
Sufra 5
bialmcna jaiminii upanyasadiblyal
bialmcna-givcn by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; jaiminil-jaimini;
upanyasa-iclcicnccs; adiblyal-bcginning wiil.
Jaimini Muni ilinls ii is wiil wlai is givcn by ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad, loi ilcic aic iclcicnccs and oilci piools.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc libciaicd soul is gloiious wiil a losi ol viiiucs and advaniagcs, bcginning
wiil sinlcssncss and ilc aiiainmcni ol cvciy dcsiic, wlicl aic all gilis liom ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. How is ilis lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains,
upanyasadiblyal" (loi ilcic aic iclcicnccs and oilci piools). Tlc iclcicncc lcic
is io ilc dcmigod lialma's dcsciipiion (in Clandogya Upanisad S.7.1) ol ilc
individual spiiii soul's viiiucs. Tlc woid "adi" (bcginning wiil) iclcis io ilc
Clandogya Upanisad's dcsciipiion ol ilc libciaicd soul's aciiviiics, sucl as lis
caiing and cnjoying pasiimcs. In ilis way ilc libciaicd soul is by naiuic lillcd wiil
gloiics and viiiucs. Tlai is ilc opinion ol Jaimini Muni. In ilc Smiii-sasiia ilis is
also dcsciibcd in ilc passagc bcginning wiil ilc woids, "yaila na liyaic jyoisna".
Sufra 6
ciii ian-maiicna iad-aimalaivad iiy audulomil
ciii-in consciousncss; ian-maiicna-ol ilai only; iad-aimalaivai-bccausc ol
ilc naiuic; iii-ilus; audulomil-Audulomi.
Ii is consciousncss alonc, loi ilai is iis naiuic. Tlai is ilc opinion ol Audulomi
Muni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Wlcn iis maiciial ignoiancc is buincd away by iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc and
ii aiiains iis spiiiiual loim and mccis ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc
individual spiiii soul is manilcsicd as puic consciousncss alonc. Wly is ilai' Tlc
suiia cxplains, "iad-aimalaivad" (loi ilai is iis naiuic). In ilc lilad-aianyala
Upanisad (+.5.13), in ilc sccond sioiy ol Maiiicy, ii is said:
sa yaila saindlava-glano 'naniaio 'balyal liisno iasa-glana cvam va aic ayam
aimananiaio 'balyal liisnal piajnana-glana cva
"as sali las nciilci insidc noi ouisidc, bui is a mass ol iasic and noiling clsc, so
ilc soul also las nciilci insidc noi ouisidc, bui is a mass ol lnowlcdgc and
noiling clsc."
In ilis way ii is concludcd ilai ilc soul is consciousncss alonc and noiling
clsc. Tlc sciipiuial siaicmcnis alliiming ilai ilc soul is sinlcss and las oilci
viiiucs aic mcicly mcani io icacl ilai ilc soul las noi maiciial qualiiics, sucl as
maiciial lappincss, qualiiics ilai aic all icmpoiaiy and subjcci io clangc. Tlai is
ilc opinion ol Audulomi Muni.
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs His opinion.
Sufra 7
cvam apy upanyasai puiva-blavad aviiodlam badaiayanal
cvam-ilus; api-cvcb; upanyasai-liom ilc iclcicncc; puiva-ol ilc
picvious; blavai-liom ilc naiuic; aviiodlam-noi coniiadiciing; badaiayanal-
Vyasa.
Lvcn ilougl ilcic aic ilcsc iclcicnccs, ii docs noi coniiadici wlai was bcloic.
Tlai is ilc opinion ol Vyasadcva.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Lvcn ilougl ii is iiuc ilai ilc soul consisis ol puic consciousncss, ilai iiuil
docs noi coniiadici ilc soul's posscssion ol ilc cigli viiiucs. Tlai is ilc opinion ol
Vyasadcva. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, upanyasai puiva-blavad aviiodlam"
(cvcn ilougl ilcic aic ilcsc iclcicnccs, ii docs noi coniiadici wlai was bcloic).
Tlis mcans ilai Audulomi's quoic liom sciipiuic docs noi coniiadici Jaimini's
picvious quoiaiion ol ilc woids ol ilc dcmigod lialma. Tlc conclusion is ilai
boil sciipiuial siaicmcnis aic clcai and wiiloui icscivaiions, and ilcicloic boil
aic cqually compclling cvidcncc, and ilcicloic boil aic cqually iiuc siaicmcnis
aboui ilc libciaicd soul.
Vyasadcva cciiainly acccpis ilc siaicmcni ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.5.13)
ilai ilc soul is consciousncss alonc, consciousncss uniouclcd by maiciial
qualiiics. Indccd, ilis vicw docs noi ai all coniiadici Jaimini's opinion.
Tlc siaicmcni ilai ilc soul is puic consciousncss is mcani io slow ilai ii las
noi ilc sliglicsi iiacc ol maiici in iis naiuic. Tlai siaicmcni is noi ai all opposcd
io ilc siaicmcni ilai ilai ilc soul las cigli iiansccndcnial viiiucs, jusi as ilc
siaicmcni ilai a blocl ol sali is iasic only docs noi ai all coniiadici ilc siaicmcni
ilai ilc blocl ol sali las laidncss, a cciiain slapc, and oilci qualiiics visiblc io
ilc cycs and ilc oilci scnscs. In ilis way ii is slown ilai ilc soul, wlicl consisis
ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc cciiainly posscsscs ilc cigli viiiucs, wlicl bcgin
wiil sinlcssncss.
Adhikarana 5
The SouI's Desires Are FuIfiIIed
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias will dcsciibc ilc iiuil ilai all ilc dcsiics ol ilc
libciaicd soul aic ai oncc lullillcd. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.3) ii is said:
sa iaiia paiycii jalsan lidan iamamanal siiblii va yanaii va jnaiiblii va
"Laugling and cnjoying pasiimcs, lc is lappy in ilc company ol wivcs,
iclaiivcs, and claiiois."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc libciaicd soul's mcciing wiil lis iclaiivcs and ilc
oilcis lappcn bccausc ol an cndcavoi ol lis paii oi docs ii lappcn sponiancously
simply by lis dcsiic'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc maiciial woild cvcn lings and oilci
powcilul pcoplc, ol wlom ii is said ilai ilcii cvciy dcsiic is lullillcd, musi siill
cxcii somc clloii io aiiain ilai lullillmcni. In ilc samc way ilc libciaicd souls
aiiain ilcii dcsiics by willing accompanicd wiil aciion.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 8
sanlalpad cva iac cliuicl
sanlalpai-by dcsiic; cva-indccd; iai-ilai; cliuicl-bccausc ol ilc Siuii-
sasiia.
Indccd ii is by dcsiic, bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Simply by willing ilc libciaicd souls aiiain wlai ilcy wisl. How is ilai lnown'
Tlc suiia cxplains, "iac cliuicl" (bccausc ol ilc Siuii-sasiia). In ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (S.2.1) ii is said:
sa yadi piiilola-lamo blavaii sanlalpad cvasya piiaial samuiiisilanii. icna
piiilolcna sampanno malyaic.
"Il dcsiics io go io Piiilola, simply by lis will lc linds ilc piias sianding bcloic
lim. In ilis way lc linds limscll gloiilicd by ilc icsidcnis ol Piiilola."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia alliims ilai lc aiiains lis wislcs by mcicly willing
ilai ilcy bc lullillcd. Any oilci vicw cannoi bc acccpicd lcic. In ilc picviously
quoicd passagc ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.5.13), ilc siaicmcni was qualilicd
by oilci cvidcncc liom ilc sciipiuics. In ilis passagc, lowcvci, wc scc noi oilci
siaicmcnis ol sciipiuic ilai migli qualily oi clangc ilc clcai siaicmcni ol ilcsc
woids. Howcvci, ilis lind ol libciaiion, wlcic ilc soul's own lappincss and gloiy
and powci aic piomincni, is noi lilcd by ilcy wlo aic cagci io iasic ilc ncciai ol
scivicc io ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlcy icjcci ii and ilcy spcal many woids ciiiicizing
ii.
Adhikarana 6
The Supreme Lord is fhe Masfer of fhe Liberafed SouIs
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ilc suiias will slow ilai ilc libciaicd soul, wlosc cvciy dcsiic
is lullillcd, ialcs slclici ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad alonc.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilc libciaicd soul subjcci io ilc oidcis ol anyonc oilci
ilan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, oi is ilc soul noi subjcci io ilc oidcis
ol anyonc oilci ilan ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): As a pcison wlo cnicis a ling's palacc musi
obcy ilc oidcis ol many pcoplc ilcic, so ilc libciaicd soul wlo las cnicicd ilc
palacc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad musi also obcy ilc oidcis ol many
oilcis.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 9
aia cva cananyadlipaiil
aial cva-ilcicloic; ca-also; ananya-wiiloui anoilci; adlipaiil-masici.
Tlcicloic ilcic is no oilci masici.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
lccausc (aial), by ilc giacc ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad all ilc
libciaicd soul's dcsiics aic ai oncc lullillcd, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is
ilc libciaicd soul's only masici (ananyadlipaiil). Tlcic is no oilci masici loi
lim. Taling slclici ol ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc libciaicd soul slincs wiil gicai
splcndoi. Il ilis wcic noi so ilcn ilcic would bc no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc
libciaicd soul and ilc soul iiappcd in ilc woild ol icpcaicd biiil and dcail.
ly woisliping ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc libciaicd soul aiiains
ilc condiiion wlcic lis cvciy dcsiic is ai oncc lullillcd. Iccling mcicilul io lim,
ilc Supicmc Loid givcs limiilcss iiansccndcnial bliss io ilc soul wlo ilus ialcs
slclici ol Him. In ilis way ilc Loid bccomcs vciy plcascd. Tlai ilc Loid ilus lills
ilc libciaicd soul wiil bliss will bc cxplaincd in suiia +.+.20. Ii las alicady bccn
dcmonsiiaicd ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is paii and paiccl ol ilc Supicmc
Loid, and ilc Supicmc Loid is ilc supicmc coniiollci and cnjoyci.
lccausc ilc libciaicd soul is in a posiiion wlcic lis cvciy dcsiic is ai oncc
lullillcd, lis only masici is ilc Supicmc Loid. Hc las no oilci masici. Ioi ilis
icason oidinaiy picsciibcd duiics and piolibiiions no longci apply io lim. Il ilcy
did apply io lim lc would no longci bc in a posiiion wlcic lis cvciy dcsiic is ai
oncc lullillcd. Tlis vicw is lcld by somc plilosoplcis.
Adhikarana 7
The SpirifuaI Body
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias will slow ilai ilc libciaicd soul las a spiiiiual
body.
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc libciaicd soul wlo las aiiaincd ilc associaiion ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, as dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad
(S.12.3), lavc a spiiiiual body oi docs lc noi' Can lc lavc any body lc wislcs, oi
can lc noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Hcic ladaii Muni givcs lis opinion.
Sufra 10
ablavc badaiii ala ly cvam
ablavc-in non-cxisicncc; badaiil-ladaii Muni; ala-says; li-bccausc;
cvam-ilus.
ladaii Muni says ilcic is nonc, loi ilus ii is said.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
ladaii Muni ilinls ilai ilc libciaicd soul las no body. Tlc body and iis
paiaplcinalia aic all cicaicd by pasi laima. lccausc lc is licc liom all pasi laima,
ilc libciaicd soul docs noi lavc a body. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia cxplains, "ala ly
cvam" (ilus ii is said). Tlc woid "li" lcic mcans bccausc". In Clandogya
Upanisad (S.12.1) ii is said:
na la vai sa-saiiasya saial piiyapiiyayoi apalaiii asii. asaiiam vava saniam
piiyapiiyc na spisaial
"Hc wlo las a body cannoi bccomc licc ol plcasuic and pain. Only onc wlo
las no body is uniouclcd by plcasuic and pain."
Tlis mcans ilai as long as ilc body is picscni ii is noi possiblc io bc licc ol
sullciings. Tlai is wly ilc Upanisad cxplains:
asmai saiiai samuiilaya
"Tlc soul ilcn lcavcs ilc body."
Also, in Simad-llagavaiam ii is said:
dclcndiiyasu-lnanam
vailunila-puia-vasinam
"Tlcy wlo livc in ilc spiiiiual woild lavc nciilci bodics noi scnscs."
Sufra 11
ala ly cvam jaiminii vilalpamananai
ala-says; li-bccausc; cvam-ilus; jaiminil-Jaimini Muni; vilalpa-
opinion; amananai-by ilougli.
Jaimini Muni las ilai opinion, bccausc ii is said ilus and bccausc ilai vicw is
acccpicd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Jaimini Muni ilinls ilc libciaicd soul las a body. Wly is ilai' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "vilalpamananai" (bccausc ilai vicw is acccpicd). In ilc lluma-vidya
passagc ol ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.26.2) ii is said ilai ilc libciaicd soul can
manilcsi many dillcicni bodics simuliancously:
sa cladla blavaii dvidla iiidla blavaii pancadla sapiadla navadla caiva punas
cailadasa smiial. saiam ca dasa cailas ca salasiani ca vimsaiil.
"Hc bccomcs onc. Tlcn lc bccomcs iwo. Tlcn ilicc. Tlcn livc. Tlcn scvcn.
Tlcn ninc. Tlcn clcvcn. Hc bccomcs onc lundicd and icn. Hc bccomcs onc
ilousand and iwcniy."
lccausc ilc individual spiiii soul is aiomic in naiuic, ii cannoi cxpand iiscll io
bccomc many dillcicni bodics, so ilcsc bodics musi bc posscssions ol ilc aiomic
soul. Noi can ii bc said ilai ilis siaicmcni ol ilc Upanisad is noi iiuc, loi ilis is in
a passagc dcsciibing ilc pioccss ol libciaiion. Tlc body dcsciibcd lcic musi
aciually cxisi, and also ii musi noi lavc bccn cicaicd by pasi laimic icaciions.
Tlis will bc cxplaincd laici wiil a quoic liom ilc Smiii-sasiia.
In ilc ncxi suiia Vyasadcva givcs His opinion.
Sufra 12
dvadasala-vad ublaya-vidlam badaiayano 'ial
dvadasa-iwclvc; ala-days; vai-lilc; ublaya-boil; vidlam-linds;
badaiayanal-Vyasadcva; aial-ilcicloic.
Vyasadcva says ii is ol boil linds, lilc ilc iwclvc days.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Loid Vyasadcva ilinls ilai bccausc ilc libciaicd soul's cvciy dcsiic is ai oncc
lullillcd boil condiiions musi bc iiuc. Tlis is so bccausc siaicmcnis dcsciibing
boil condiiions aic lound in ilc sciipiuics. Tlcicloic ii slould bc acccpicd ilai
ilc libciaicd soul may lavc a body, and again lc may noi lavc a body. Tlis is lilc
ilc iwclvc days. A iwclvc-day yajna bccomcs, by ilc wisl ol ilc yajamana, ciilci a
saiia, wlicl las many yajamanas, oi an alna, wlicl las many yajamanas. Tlcic
is no coniiadiciion in ilis. In ilc samc way ilc libciaicd soul may, by lis own
wisl, ciilci lavc a body oi noi lavc a body. Tlai is ilc mcaning. Tlc iiuil is ilai
ilcy wlo by ilc powci ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc lavc biolcn ilc bonds ol
maiciial cxisicncc aic in a siiuaiion wlcic all ilcii dcsiics aic ai oncc lullillcd.
Tlosc amongsi ilcm wlo dcsiic io lavc a body can ai oncc lavc any body ilcy
wisl. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad (7.26.2). Tlcy wlo do lavc no
dcsiic io lavc a body do noi lavc a body. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Clandogya
Upanisad (S.12.1). Tlcy wlo dcsiic always io cmploy a spiiiiual body in ilc
scivicc ol ilc Supicmc Loid cicinally manilcsi sucl a body by ilcii spiiiiual
powcis. Tlai is low ii slould bc undcisiood. In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad
(2.+.1+) ii is said:
yaiia iv asya saivam aimaivablui iai lcna lam pasyci
"Lvciyiling ilcic is spiiiiual. Wlai is ilc naiuic ol ilc scci' Wlai is ilc
naiuic ol ilc sccn'"
In ilc Madlyandina-siuii ii is said:
sa va csa bialma-nisila idam saiiam maiiyam aiisijya bialmablisampadya
bialmana pasyaii bialmana sinoii bialmanaivcdam saivam anublavaii
"Dcvoicd io ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc individual soul lcavcs lis moiial body and
mccis ilc Loid. ly ilc Loid's giacc lc sccs. ly ilc Loid's giacc lc lcais. ly ilc
Loid's giacc lc pciccivcs cvciyiling."
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is said:
vasanii yaiia puiusal
saivc vailunila-muiiayal
"Lvciyonc ilcic las a spiiiiual loim lilc ilai ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad."
Tlc spiiiiual dcsiic ol ilc soul is culiivaicd liom ilc vciy bcginning ol lis
dcvoiional aciiviiics. Tlis is dcsciibcd in ilc "yaila liaiul" maxim and also in ilc
lollowing woids ol ilc Smiii-sasiia:
gacclami visnu-padablyam
visnu-disiyanudaisanam
"I wall wiil Loid Visnu's lcci. I scc wiil Loid Visnu's cycs."
In ilc Smiii-sasiia ii is again said:
muliasyaiiad blavisyaii
"Tlis is ilc naiuic ol ilc libciaicd soul."
Adhikarana 8
The BIiss of fhe Liberafed SouIs
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc slown ilc iiuil ilai iliougl lis spiiiiual body ilc libciaicd soul
cnjoys spiiiiual plcasuics. Tlai lc cnjoys spiiiiual plcasuics is alliimcd by ilc
lollowing woids ol Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.1.1):
so 'snuic saivan laman
"Hc cnjoys all plcasuics."
Now ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias bcgins His cxplanaiion ilai ilis is so in boil
siiuaiions (posscssing oi noi posscssing a body).
Samsaya (doubi): Is ii possiblc loi ilc libciaicd soul io cnjoy plcasuics, oi is ii
noi possiblc'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc lc las nciilci body noi scnscs, ilc
libciaicd soul cannoi cnjoy any plcasuics. Il a yog somclow las ilc powci io
cnjoy plcasuics, siill lc will noi do so bccausc, bcing lillcd wiil spiiiiual bliss, lc
las no iliisi loi ilcm.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 13
ianv-ablavc sandlya-vad upapaiicl
ianu-ol a body; ablavc-in ilc abscncc; sandlya-a dicam; vai-lilc;
upapaiicl-bccausc ol icasonablcncss.
In ilc abscncc ol a body ii is lilc a dicam, loi ilai is icasonablc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Lvcn in ilc abscncc ol a body plcasuic is siill possiblc. Tlc suiia cxplains, "Ii is
lilc a dicam, loi ilai is icasonablc." Tlc woid "sandlya" lcic mcans dicam". As
in a dicam onc can cnjoy plcasuics wiiloui a body, so ilc libciaicd soul can also
cnjoy plcasuics wiiloui a body. Tlus ii is said.
Ol couisc, wlcn a body is picscni ilc plcasuic is mucl gicaici. Tlc auiloi ol
ilc suiias cxplains ilis in ilc lollowing woids.
Sufra 1+
blavc jagiad-vai
blavc-in cxisicncc; jagiai-waling; vai-lilc.
In ilc cxisicncc ii is lilc bcing awalc.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "blavc" lcic mcans, "wlcn ilcic is a body". Wlcn ilcic is a body
ilc plcasuic is lilc ilai in ilc waling siaic. Oui opponcni claims ilai ilc
libciaicd soul docs noi dcsiic io cnjoy ilc dclicious iasics and oilci plcasuics
mcicilully ollcicd io lim by ilc Supicmc Loid. Howcvci, ilc iiuil is ilai ilc
libciaicd soul, dcsiiing io icndci dcvoiional scivicc, cciiainly docs dcsiic io cnjoy
ilc plcasuics ilai ilc Loid in His lindncss ollcis. Hc docs ilis oui ol lovc loi ilc
Loid. In ilis way ii slould bc undcisiood.
Adhikarana 9
The Liberafed SouI Is FuII of TranscendenfaI KnowIedge
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc slown ilc iiuil ilai ilc libciaicd soul las all iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc. In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (7.26.2) ii is said:
na pasyo miiyum pasyaii na iogam noia-dullliiam saivam li pasyal pasyaii
saivam apnoii saivasal
"Tlc libciaicd soul docs noi scc dcail. Hc docs noi scc discasc. Hc docs noi scc
sullciing. Siill, lc sccs cvciyiling. Hc aiiains cvciyiling cvciywlcic."
In ilis way ii is said ilai ilc libciaicd soul las lnowlcdgc ol cvciyiling.
Samsaya (doubi): Is ilis coiicci, oi noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): In ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.21) ii
is said:
piajncnaimana. . .
"Lmbiaccd by ilc all-lnowing Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc individual
soul is oblivious io all ilai is wiilin and all ilai is wiiloui."
Tlcicloic ii is cciiainly noi coiicci (io say ilai ilc individual spiiii soul is all-
lnowing).
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 15
piadpa-vad avcsas iaila li daisayaii
piadpa-a lamp; vai-lilc; avcsal-cniiancc; iaila-so; li-bccausc;
daisayaii-icvcals.
Iis cniiancc is lilc a lamp, luiilcimoic ii icvcals.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
As wiil iis iays ol ligli a lamp cnicis many placcs, so ilc wiil lis cxpansion ol
lnowlcdgc ilc libciaicd soul cnicis many ilings io bc lnown. Iuiilcimoic (iaila
li), ilc woids ol Svciasvaiaia Upanisad (+.1S) givc ilc lollowing icvclaiion
(daisayaii):
piajna ca iasmai piasiia puian
"ly ilc Supicmc Loid's mcicy ilc soul's ancicni lnowlcdgc is icvivcd."
Tlis vcisc slould bc inicipicicd, "ly ilc Supicmc Loid's mcicy ilc soul's
ancicni lnowlcdgc is icvivcd."
Hcic somconc may objcci: Ii is noi coiicci io say ilai ilc libciaicd soul is all-
lnowing. lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.21) cxplains ilai ilc libciaicd soul is
oblivious io cvciyiling and ilus docs noi lnow anyiling ai all.
Il ilis is said, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 16
svapyaya-sampaiiyoi anyaiaiapclsyam avisliiam li
svapyaya-dccp slccp; sampaiiyol-ol ilc momcni ol dcail; anyaiaia-ciilci;
apclsyam-in iclaiion io; avisliiam-manilcsicd; li-bccausc.
Ii iclcis ciilci io dicamlcss slccp oi io ilc dcail-swoon, loi ilus is ii icvcalcd.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlcsc woids ol lilad-aianyala Upanisad (+.3.21) do noi slow ilai ilc
libciaicd soul is oblivious and las no lnowlcdgc ai all. Railci, ilcsc woids iclci
ciilci io dicamlcss slccp oi io ilc dcail-swoon, (svapyaya-sampaiiyoi
anyaiaiapclsyam). Tlc woid "svapyaya" lcic mcans, "dicamlcss slccp", and ilc
woid "sampaiii" lcic mcans, "ilc momcni ol lcaving ilc body". In ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (6.S.1) slccp is dclincd in ilcsc woids:
svam apio blavaii iasmad cnam svapiiy acalsaic
"Wlcn onc indccd (api) cnicis (iia) limscll (sva), ilcn ii is said ilai lc slccps
(svapiii)."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (6.S.6) ilc iimc ol dcail is dcsciibcd in ilcsc
woids:
van manasi sampadyaic
"Ai ilc iimc ol dcail ilc voicc cnicis ilc mind."
In ilis way ilc Siuii-sasiia dcsciibcs ilc siaic ol consciousncss duiing
dicamlcss slccp and ilc momcni ol dcail. Howcvci, ilc Siuii-sasiia also cxplains
ilai in ilc libciaicd siaic ilc soul is all-lnowing.
Tlc condiiion ol dicamlcss slccp is dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids ol ilc Clandogya
Upanisad (S.11.1):
nalam llalv ayam cvam sampiaiy aimanam janaiy ayam alam asmii no cvcmani
bluiani vinasam ivapio blavaii. nalam aiia blogyam pasyami.
"Sound aslccp, lc docs noi cvcn lnow wlo lc is. Hc cannoi say: I am lc. His
lnowlcdgc ol cvciyiling pciislcs. I do noi scc ilis as a good oi plcasani siaic ol
bcing."
On ilc oilci land, ilc libciaicd soul is dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids ol ilc
Clandogya Upanisad (S.12.5):
sa va csa cicna divycna calsusa manasy cian laman pasyan iamaic ya cic
bialmalolc
"Sccing wiil divinc cycs ilc plcasuics in ilc spiiiiual woild, lc icjoiccs in lis
lcaii."
Tlc dcail-swoon, lowcvci, is dcsciibcd in ilcsc woids:
cicblyo bluicblyal samuiilaya iany cvanuvinasyaii
"Rising, ai ilc momcni ol dcail, liom ilc clcmcnis ol ilc maiciial body, ilc
soul suddcnly loscs all consciousncss.
Hcic ilc woid "vinasyaii" mcans, "lc cannoi scc anyiling". In ilis way ii is
piovcd ilai ilc libciaicd soul is all-lnowing.
Adhikarana 10
The Liberafed SouI Has Nof fhe Power fo Creafe fhe WorId
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
In Clandogya Upanisad (S.1.6 and S.2.1) ii is said:
aila ya ila aimanam anuvidya viajaniy ciams ca saiyan lamams icsam saivcsu
lolcsu lama-caio blavaii. sa yadi piiilola-lamo blavaii.
"Hc wlo lnows ilc iiuil ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad and placcs lis
dcsiics in cicinal spiiiiual lappincsscs may go, wlcn lc lcavcs ilis body, io any
woild lc wislcs. Il lc dcsiics io cicaic a Piiilola planci, ilcn ilai planci is ai oncc
cicaicd."
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc libciaicd soul lavc ilc powci io cicaic a maiciial
univcisc, oi docs lc noi'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): lccausc lc is cqual io ilc Supicmc Loid,
and also bccausc all lis dcsiics aic ai oncc lullillcd, ilc libciaicd soul musi also
lavc ilis powci.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 17
jagad-vyapaia-vaijyam pialaianad asanniliiaivai
jagai-ol ilc maiciial univcisc; vyapaia-cicaiion; vaijyam-cxccpi loi;
pialaianai-bccausc ol ilc conicxi; asanniliiaivai-bccausc ol ilc abscncc ol
ncaincss.
Lxccpi loi cicaiing ilc univcisc, bccausc ol ilc conicxi and bccausc lc is noi
ncai io ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc cicaiivc powci ol ilc libciaicd soul is dcsciibcd in Clandogya Upanisad
(S.2.1). Howcvci, ilc libciaicd soul las noi ilc powci io cicaic a maiciial
univcisc. Only ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad las ilc powci io cicaic,
mainiain, and dcsiioy ilc maiciial univciscs. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Taiiiiiya
Upanisad (3.1.1). How is ilis lnown' Tlc suiia cxplains, pialaianad
asanniliiaivai" (bccausc ol ilc conicxi and bccausc lc is noi ncai io ii). Iiom ilc
conicxi ii is sccn ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is ilc iopic discusscd
in ilis passagc ol Taiiiiiya Upanisad (3.1.1). Nciilci by a gicai siiugglc noi by
claniing maniias can ilc individual spiiii soul obiain ilis lind ol powci. Tlis is
coiioboiaicd by ilc cxplanaiion givcn in Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.6.1). Also, ilc
libciaicd soul is noi ilc subjcci ol discussion in any passagc ncai io
(asanniliiaivai) ilcsc woids ol Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.6.1). Il ii wcic oilciwisc
(and ilc libciaicd souls lad ilc powci io cicaic ilc maiciial univcisc), ilcn ilc
auiloi ol ilc suiias would noi lavc dclincd ilc ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad in ilcsc woids (Vcdania-suiia 1.1.2):
janmady asya yaial
"Tlai lialman (ilc Supicmc Spiiii) is Hc liom wlom ilc cicaiion, susicnancc,
and dcsiiuciion ol ilc manilcsicd univcisc aiiscs."
Also, il ilc libciaicd souls lad ilc powci io cicaic univciscs, ilcic would bc
many cicaiois and liom ilai ilcic would aiisc a gicai claos and calamiiy.
Tlcicloic ilc libciaicd souls lavc noi ilc powci io cicaic maiciial univciscs.
Hcic somconc may objcci: In Taiiiiiya Upanisad 1.5.3) ii is said:
saivc 'smai dcva balim avalanii
"All ilc dcmigods biing ollciings io lim."
Also, in Clandogya Upanisad (7.25.2) ii is said:
sa svaiad blavaii iasya saivcsu lolcsu lama-caio blavaii
"Hc is indcpcndcni. Hc can go io any woild."
In ilis way ii is sccn ilai bccausc lc is woislipcd by all ilc dcmigods, and
bccausc lc las all cxiiaoidinaiy powcis, ilc libciaicd soul can cciiainly cicaic
maiciial univciscs.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 18
piaiyalsopadcsan ncii ccn nadlilaiila-mandalasyolicl
piaiyalsa-diicci; upadcsai-bccausc ol ilc icacling; na-noi; iii-ilus; cci-
il; na-noi; adlilaiila-ol gicai lcadcis; mandalasya-ol ilc ciiclc; ulicl-liom
ilc siaicmcni.
Somconc may say: "No. Ii is noi so. lccausc ilcic is a diicci icacling," Il ilis is
said, I icply: "No. Wlai you say is noi iiuc. lccausc ilosc icxis dcsciibc gicai
lcadcis."
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Hcic somconc may say, "Ii is noi coiicci io say ilai ilc libciaicd souls lavc
no powci io cicaic maiciial univciscs, loi many passagcs ol ilc Siuii-sasiia
diiccily dcsciibc ilai powci." Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiia icplics,
"No. Ii is noi so." Wly noi' Tlc suiia cxplains, adlilaiila-mandalasyolicl"
(lccausc ilosc icxis dcsciibc gicai lcadcis). Tlcsc icxis cxplain low, by ilc mcicy
ol ilc Supicmc Loid, ilc libciaicd soul can iiavcl io ilc plancis ol ilc gicai
dcmigods, sucl as ilai ol ilc loui-laccd lialma, and cnjoy many plcasuics ilcic.
In ilis way ii is said ilai ilc gicai libciaicd souls, sucl as Naiada Muni and ilc
loui Kumaias can iiavcl io ilc plancis ol ilc dcmigods, and wlcn ilc do ilc
dcmigods ilcic lonoi ilcm wiil gicai icspcci.
Tlcsc passagcs ol ilc Upanisad mcan in iiuil ilai by ilc Supicmc Loid's
mcicy ilc libciaicd souls can iiavcl io many dillcicni woilds and lccl plcasuic by
sccing ilc Loid's gloiics and opulcnccs ilcic. Tlcsc passagcs slould noi bc
wiongly inicipicicd io mcan ilai ilc individual spiiii soul las ilc powci io cicaic
maiciial univciscs.
Hcic somconc may objcci: Il ilc libciaicd soul is ilus an cnjoyci ol vaiious
maiciial plcasuics, ilcn lc is noi dillcicni liom a condiiioncd soul, loi all maiciial
plcasuics musi comc io an cnd.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 19
vilaiavaiii ca iaila li siliiim ala
vilaia-ilc clangcs ol maiciial cxisicncc; a-noi; vaiii-cxisiing; ca-and;
iaila-so; li-bccausc; siliiim-siiuaiion; ala-says.
Iuiilcimoic ii is clangclcss, loi ii dcsciibcs ilai condiiion.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "vilaia" lcic iclcis io ilc six linds ol iiansloimaiion, bcginning
wiil biiil, ilai aic picscni in ilc maiciial woild. Tlcsc iiansloimaiions do noi
cllcci ilc libciaicd soul. Nciilci do ilcsc iiansloimaiions allcci ilc supicmcly
puic Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, lis iiansccndcnial abodc, oi anyiling clsc ilai las
iiansccndcnial qualiiics lilc ilosc ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Awaic ol wlai is ilc iiuil
aboui all ilcsc woilds, ilc libciaicd soul may obscivc ilcm bui lc docs noi ically
icsidc in ilcm. Tlc woid "li" in ilis suiia mcans, bccausc". Tlc iiuc naiuic ol
ilc libciaicd soul is dcsciibcd (siliiim ala) in ilc lollowing woids ol Kaila
Upanisad (2.2.1):
puiam cladasa-dvaiam
ajasyavalia-cciasal
anusilaya na socaii
vimulias ca vimucyaic
"Alilougl lc icsidcs in ilc ciiy ol clcvcn gaics, ilc ciiy ol ilc unboin and
puic-lcaiicd Supicmc, lc docs noi lamcni. Hc is licc. Hc is libciaicd."
Alilougl lis spiiiiual loim sccms io bc covcicd, ilc soul cnliglicncd wiil
iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc is libciaicd in iiuil. Alilougl lc sccms io icsidc in ilc
woild ol ilc ilicc modcs, lc is libciaicd. Tlai is ilc mcaning ol ilis vcisc. In
ilcsc iwo ways lc is libciaicd. Hc las diiccily aiiaincd ilc goal ol lilc. Tlc
covciing ol maiciial lilc is lilc a gailand ol clouds. Ii covcis ilc cycs ol ilc
condiiioncd souls, bui ii docs noi covci ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. In
Siuii-sasiia ii is said:
vilajjamanaya yasya
silaium lsa-pailc 'muya
vimoliia vilaniilanic
mamalam iii duidliyal
"Tlc illusoiy cncigy ol ilc Loid cannoi ialc picccdcncc, bcing aslamcd ol lci
posiiion. lui ilosc wlo aic bcwildcicd by lci always iall nonscnsc, bcing
absoibcd in ilouglis ol Ii is I' and Ii is minc'."
Tlcicloic ilc clouds (ol maiciial illusion) can ncvci ically covci ilc sun (ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad).
Hcic somconc may objcci: Tlc goal ol lilc is io malc manilcsi ilc iiuc naiuic
ol ilc individual spiiii soul, wlo is blisslul, wlosc dcsiics aic all ai oncc lullillcd,
and wlo las a losi ol iiansccndcnial viiiucs. Tlai is cnougl. Wly slould onc
laboi io undcisiand ilc Supicmc Loid also'
Il ilis is said, ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 20
daisayaias caivam piaiyalsanumanc
daisayaial-ilcy slow; ca-also; cvam-ilus; piaiyalsa-diicci pciccpiion;
anumanc-and logic.
Diicci pciccpiion and logic boil icvcal ii.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Alilougl lc las ilc iiansccndcnial qualiiics alicady dcsciibcd, bccausc lc is
aiomic in sizc ilc libciaicd soul docs noi, by limscll, lavc bliss ilai is limiilcss. Ii
is wlcn lc associaics wiil ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ilai ilc libciaicd
soul aiiains limiilcss bliss. Tlis is dcsciibcd in Taiiiiiya Upanisad (2.7):
iasam ly cvayam labdlvanand-blavaii
"Wlcn onc undcisiands ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ilc icscivoii ol plcasuic,
Kisna, lc aciually bccomcs iiansccndcnially blisslul."
Also, in ilc llagavad-gia (1+.27), Loid Kisna cxplains:
bialmano li piaiisilalam
amiiasyavyayasya ca
sasvaiasya ca dlaimasya
sullasyasilaniilasya ca
"And I am ilc basis ol ilc impcisonal lialman, wlicl is immoiial,
impciislablc, and cicinal, and is ilc consiiiuiional posiiion ol uliimaic
lappincss."
Tlis is lilc a pooi man wlo ialcs slclici ol a iicl man and bccomcs wcalily.
Hcic somconc may objcci: in ilc Mundala Upanisad (3.1.3) ii is said:
niianjanal paiamam samyam upaiii
"Iiccd liom maiici, ilc libciaicd soul bccomcs cqual io ilc Supicmc."
Tlc Siuii-sasiia ilus cxplains ilai ilc libciaicd soul is cqual io ilc Supicmc.
Wlai is ilc usc, ilcn, ol cvcn using ilc woid, "ilc Supicmc Loid"' Tlc so-callcd
aiomic naiuic ol ilc individual soul is only a liguic ol spcccl. Tlc iiuil is ilai ilc
individual soul is all-pcivading.
Il ilis is said, ilcn ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs ilc lollowing icply.
Sufra 21
bloga-maiia-samya-lingac ca
bloga-cnjoymcni; maiia-only; samya-cqualiiy; lingai-by ilc sign; ca-
also.
Also bccausc ol ilc indicaiion ilai ilc cqualiiy is only in cnjoymcni.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Tlc woid "ca" (also) is uscd lcic loi cmplasis. As a liog jumps, so ilc woid
"na" (noi) slould jump inio ilis suiia liom suiia 1S. In ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad
(2.1.1) ii is said:
so 'snuic saivan laman sala bialmana vipasciia
"Tlc libciaicd soul cnjoys all iiansccndcnial plcasuics in ilc company ol ilc
all-lnowing Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad."
Tlc mcaning lcic is ilai ilc Upanisad's siaicmcni ilai ilc libciaicd soul is
cqual io ilc Loid applics only io ilc soul's cnjoymcni ol iiansccndcnial lappincss.
Tlc libciaicd soul is noi cqual in naiuic io ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlai is ilc mcaning.
Tlis objcciion was picviously icluicd in suiia 2.3.19. In ilis way ii is piovcd ilai
ilc cqualiiy ol ilc Supicmc and ilc individual spiiii soul is in ilc maiici ol
cnjoymcni only, ilai ilcii naiuics aic dillcicni, and ilai dillcicncc is ical.
Adhikarana 11
The Liberafed SouI Never Refurns
Infroducfion by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
Now will bc cxplaincd ilc iiuil ilai ilc libciaicd soul las ilc associaiion ol
ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad cicinally
Visaya (ilc subjcci io bc discusscd): All sciipiuial siaicmcnis dcsciibing ilc
soul's cniiancc inio ilc spiiiiual icalm ol ilc Supicmc Loid aic lcic ilc subjcci ol
discussion.
Samsaya (doubi): Docs ilc libciaicd soul siay in ilc spiiiiual woild cicinally,
oi docs lc noi siay ilcic cicinally'
Puivapalsa (ilc opponcni spcals): Tlc spiiiiual woild is a placc lilc
Svaigalola oi any oilci placc. As onc may lall down liom Svaigalola, so onc may
also lall down liom ilc spiiiiual woild. Tlcicloic ilc libciaicd soul docs noi
ncccssaiily siay in ilc spiiiiual woild cicinally.
Siddlania (conclusion): In ilc lollowing woids ilc auiloi ol ilc suiias givcs
His conclusion.
Sufra 22
anaviiiil sabdad anaviiiil sabdai
an-wiiloui; aviiiil-iciuin; sabdai-bccausc ol bilc sciipiuics.
No iciuin, bccausc ol ilc sciipiuics. No iciuin, bccausc ol ilc sciipiuics.
Purporf by SrIa BaIadeva Vidyabhusana
A dcvoicc wlo laiillully woislips and scivcs ilc Supicmc Loid and ilcn gocs
io ilc Loid's spiiiiual woild, ncvci iciuins. How is ilai lnown' Tlc suiia
cxplains, "sabdai" (bccausc ol ilc sciipiuics). In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (+.15.6)
ii is said:
cicna piaiipadyamana imam manavam avaiiam navaiianic
"Tlcy wlo cnici ilc spiiiiual woild ncvci iciuin io ilc woild ol mcn."
In ilc Clandogya Upanisad (+.15.1) ii is said:
sa llalv cva vaiiayan yavad ayusam bialmalolam ablisampadyaic. na ca punai
avaiiaic.
"Lcaving ilis lilc, lc cnicis ilc spiiiiual woild. Hc ncvci iciuins."
In ilc llagavad-gia (S.15 and 16) Loid Kisna dcclaics:
mam upciya punai janma
dulllalayam asasvaiam
napnuvanii malaimanal
samsiddlim paiamam gaial
"Alici aiiaining Mc, ilc gicai souls, wlo aic yogs in dcvoiion, ncvci iciuin io
ilis icmpoiaiy woild, wlicl is lull ol misciics, bccausc ilcy lavc aiiaincd ilc
liglcsi pcilcciion.
a-bialma-bluvanal lolal
punai avaiiino 'ijuna
mam upciya iu launicya
punai janma na vidyaic
"Iiom ilc liglcsi planci in ilc maiciial woild down io ilc lowcsi, all aic
placcs ol misciy wlcicin icpcaicd biiil and dcail ialc placc. lui onc wlo aiiains
My abodc, O son ol Kuni, ncvci ialcs biiil again."
In ilc llagavad-gia (S.15 and 16) Loid Kisna also dcclaics:
Hcic somconc may cxpicss ilc lollowing lcai: Loid Haii is all-powcilul, ilc
masici ol all, pcilaps ai somc poini in iimc Hc may iliow ilc libciaicd soul oui ol
ilc spiiiiual woild. Oi pcilaps ilc libciaicd soul may ai somc iimc voluniaiily
lcavc ilc spiiiiual woild.
Tlcic is no nccd io lcai in ilis way, loi Loid Kisna las cxplaincd in llagavad-
gia (7.17):
piiyo li jnanino iv aiilam
alam sa ca mama piiyal
"ol ilcsc, ilc wisc onc wlo is in lull lnowlcdgc in union wiil Mc iliougl
dcvoiional scivicc is ilc bcsi. Ioi I am vciy dcai io lim, and lc is vciy dcai io
Mc."
Loid Kisna also dcclaics in Sima-llagavaiam (9.+.6S):
sadlavo lidayam malyam
sadlunam lidayam iv alam
"Tlc puic dcvoicc is always in ilc coic ol My lcaii, and I am always in ilc
lcaii ol ilc puic dcvoicc. My dcvoiccs do noi lnow anyiling clsc bui Mc, and I
do noi lnow anyonc clsc bui ilcm."
In ilcsc woids ilc muiual lovc ol ilc Loid and His dcvoicc is dcsciibcd.
In Simad-llagavaiam (9.+.65) Loid Kisna dcclaics:
yc daiagaia-puiiapian
pianan viiiam imam paiam
liiva mam saianam yaial
lailam iams iyalium uisalc
"Sincc puic dcvoiccs givc up ilcii lomcs, wivcs, clildicn, iclaiivcs, iiclcs, and
cvcn ilcii livcs simply io scivc Mc, wiiloui any maiciial impiovcmcni in ilis lilc
oi in ilc ncxi, low can I givc up sucl dcvoiccs ai any iimc'"
In Simad-llagavaiam (2.S.6) ii is also said:
dlauiaima puiusal lisna-
pada-mulam na muncaii
mulia-saiva-paiillcsal
panilal sva-saianam yaila
"A puic dcvoicc ol ilc Loid wlosc lcaii las oncc bccn clcanscd by ilc pioccss
ol dcvoiional scivicc ncvci iclinquislcs ilc loius lcci ol Loid Kisna, loi ilcy lully
saiisly lim, as a iiavclci is saiislicd ai lomc alici a iioublcd jouincy."
In ilis way ilc sciipiuics cxplain ilai ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad will
ncvci abandon His dcvoicc and ilc dcvoicc will always aidcnily lovc ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is always iiuillul
and His dcsiics aic always ai oncc lullillcd. Hc is an occan ol lovc loi ilcy wlo
ialc slclici ol Him. Hc waslcs away ilc ignoiancc ilai madc His dcvoiccs iuin
liom Him. Oncc Hc biings bacl io Himscll His dcai dcvoiccs, wlo aic His paiis
and paiccls, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad will noi again lci ilcm go.
In ilc samc way ilc individual soul, wlo lad bccn scaicling loi lappincss and
wlo linally las iuincd liom ilc pailciic, wiciclcd, palc icllcciion ol lappincss lc
lad loi many biiils sougli in ilc maiciial woild in many ways, and wlo now, by
ilc mcicy ol ilc bona-lidc spiiiiual masici las undcisiood ilc iiuil ol ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, ol wlom lc is a paii and paiccl, wlo now las
no dcsiic apaii liom ilc Supicmc Loid, wlo is now puicly cngagcd in dcvoiional
scivicc io ilc Supicmc Loid, and wlo las now aiiaincd ilc Supicmc Loid, wlosc
spiiiiual loim is lillcd wiil limiilcss bliss, and wlo is ilc mcicilul liicnd and
masici, will ncvci dcsiic io lcavc sucl a Loid. In ilis way ilc iiuil is undcisiood
liom ilc sciipiuics. Tlis iiuil is undcisiood only by ialing slclici ol ilc
sciipiuics. Tlc woids ol ilc suiia aic icpcaicd io indicaic ilc conclusion ol ilc
bool.
EpiIogue
samuddliiya yo dullla-panlai sva-blalian
nayaiy acyuias cii-sullc dlamni niiyc
piiyan gadla-iagai iilaidlam vimolium
na svccclaiy asav cva su-jnaii niscvyal
Lci ilc wisc woislip and scivc Loid Govinda, ilc inlalliblc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo lilis lis dcvoiccs liom ilc mud ol maiciial sullciings,
ialcs ilcm io His cicinal and blisslul spiiiiual abodc, and oui ol dccp lovc loi
ilcm will noi lcavc ilcm loi cvcn lall a momcni.
simad-govinda-pada-
iavinda-malaianda-lubdla-ccioblil
govinda-blasyam ciai
pailyam sapailo 'ipiio 'nycblyal
Lci ilcy wlosc lcaiis aic giccdy io iasic ilc loncy ol ilc loius llowci ilai is
gloiious Loid Govinda's lcci siudy ilis Govinda-blasya. Lci a cuisc lall on ilc
non-dcvoiccs wlo iiy io siudy ii.
vidya-iupam blusanam mc piadaya
llyaiim ninyc icna yo mam udaial
si-govindal svapna-niidisia-blasyo
iadla-bandlui bandluiangam sa jyai
All gloiics io giacclul and landsomc Loid Govinda, wlo is ilc dcai liicnd ol
Si Radla, wlo lindly gavc mc ilc namc Vidyablusana, and wlo spolc ilis
commcniaiy io mc in a dicam.