Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Surface waves in magnetoelastic solids

Prashant Saxena1 , R.W. Ogden1,2 1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow 2. School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen

BAMC 2011

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Motivation Governing equations Constitutive assumption Problems Rayleigh type waves Love type waves Conclusions

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

What do we mean by magnetoelasticity?

Coupling of electromagnetic and mechanical phenomena Applications in NDT and smart materials

Reference Conguration

Deformed Conguration

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Magnetoelasticity Elastomers embedded with ferromagnetic particles Electroelasticity Elastomers embedded with charged particles

At a macroscopic level, the continuum assumption still holds.

Classical works of Pao (1978), Maugin(1988), Hutter et al. (2006).

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Governing equations
Maxwells equations curl E = B D , curl H = + J, div D = e , div B = 0. t t

Balance laws of continuum mechanics div + f = a, Boundary Conditions n E = 0, n D = e , n H = K, n B = 0, n = ta + n, = 1 0 B B 1 (B B ) I . 2 = T.

(Bustamante et al. 2009, Intl. Jr. Engg. Sci.)

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Equations in Lagrangian form

Governing equations Curl (El + V Bl ) = Bl,t , Div Dl = E , Curl (Hl V Dl ) = Dl,t + JE , Div Bl = 0,

Div T + r f = r a, FT = (FT)T Boundary conditions N El + V Bl = 0, N D l = E , N Bl = 0.

N Hl V Dl = Kl E Vs , TT N = tA + tM . (Ogden 2009, Intl. Jr. Non-lin. Mech.)

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Incremental governing equations

Curl El + V Bl + V Bl = Bl,t , Curl Hl B Dl V Dl = Dl,t + JE , Div T + r f = r u,tt , LFT + FT = TT FT LT + TT FT . Div Dl = E , Div Bl = 0,

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Updated incremental governing equations

curl El0 + v Bl0 + v B = Bl,t0 ,

div Dl0 = E0 , div Bl0 = 0,

curl Hl0 v Dl0 v D = Dl,t0 + JE0 , div T0 + r f = r u,tt , 0 L + T0 = LT + TT . Boundary conditions: 0 TT n = n LT n, (Bl0 B + LB ) n = 0, (Hl0 LT H H ) n = 0.

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Quasimagnetostatic assumption

For simplicity, assume only magnetic eects. Discard D and take E = 0. No distributed electric charges (e = e = 0). Current conguration is static (v = 0) and independent of mechanical body forces (f = 0). Simplied equations: curl El0 + v B = Bl0,t , curl Hl0 = 0, div Bl0 = 0,

div T0 = r u,tt .

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Constitutive relations
Energy density function = (F, Bl ) , For an incompressible material T= pF1 , F pI, F Hl = , Bl . Bl

= J 1 F In the case of isotropy

H = FT

I1 = tr c, I2 = 1 {(tr c)2 tr c2 }, I3 = det c = 1, 2 I4 = Bl Bl , I5 = (cBl ) Bl , I6 = c2 Bl Bl .

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Constitutive relations

T = pF1 + 21 FT + 22 I1 FT cFT + 25 Bl FBl + 26 (Bl FcBl + cBl FBl ) , Hl = 2 4 Bl + 5 cBl + 6 c2 Bl , where k = /Ik , k = 1...6 and c = FT F. Mooney-Rivlin type magnetoelastic material 1 1 = (0) [(1 + ) (I1 3) + (1 ) (I2 3)] + (I4 + I5 ) . 4 0

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Incremental constitutive relations

Incrementing upto rst order approximation 2 2 T= F+ Bl pF1 + pF1 FF1 , FF FBl 2 2 F+ Bl . Hl = Bl F Bl Bl Magnetoelastic tensors can be dened A= 2 , FF C= 2 , FBl K= 2 . Bl Bl

Updated equations T0 = A0 L + C 0 Bl0 pI + pL, Hl0 = C T L + K0 Bl0 . 0

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Problems
Study wave propagation on the surface of a half space Rayleigh type waves - polarization in the plane of wave propagation Love type waves
polarization perpendicular to the plane of wave propagation need a layer on top of the half space

c California State University

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Equations in cartesian coordinates A0jikl ui,kj + C0ji|k Bl0k,j p,i = ui,tt , i = 1, 2, 3,

ijk (C0pq|k uq,p

+ K0kp Bl0p ),j = 0, Bl0i,i = 0.

i = 1, 2, 3,

ui,i = 0,

Consider homogenous deformation 1 0 0 F = 0 2 0 . 0 0 3

(x1 , x2 in plane, x3 out of plane)

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Rayleigh type surface waves

Solve for u1 (x1 , x2 , t), u2 (x1 , x2 , t), Bl01 (x1 , x2 , t), Bl02 (x1 , x2 , t). Consider dierent cases with initial directions of magnetic elds.
B = (B1 , 0, 0) B = (0, B2 , 0) B = (0, 0, B3 )

Consider waves propagating in x1 direction. Ansatz of the form: exp (skx2 + ikx1 it) , Re(s) > 0, wave speed, c = /k.

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Rayleigh - Results
Plot non-dimensionalized squared wave speed (c 2 /(0)) against initial stretch (). For = 2, = 1, = 0.3, 1 = 1/2 , 3 = 1. (a) B = (B1 , 0, 0)
c2 0 2.0 c2 0 2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5 B1 = 0 B1 0.6 0.8 1.0 2T

0.5 B1 = 0 B1 = 2 T 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

1 =

2 =

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Rayleigh - Results
(b) B = (0, B2 , 0)
c2 0 1.0 c2 0 2.0

0.8

1.5

0.6 1.0

0.4

0.5 0.2 B2 = 0 B2 = 10 T 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 B2 =0 B2 =10 T 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

0.5

0.6

1 =

2 =

(c) B = (0, 0, B3 ): Does not aect - reduces to purely elastic case

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Love type surface waves

Solve for u3 (x1 , x2 , t), Bl03 (x1 , x2 , t) Need a layer on top of the half space (thickness h) Wave propagation characteristics depend on the properties of layer and half-space Again assume ansatz of the form: exp {i (skx2 kx1 t)} and exp (s kx2 ikx1 it), Re(s ) > 0

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Love waves - solutions

(a) B = (0, 0, B3 ) : No eect for a Mooney-Rivlin type magnetoelastic material (b) B = (B1 , B2 , 0) Secular equation s where A = A02323 s1 e is1 kh2 s2 e is2 kh2 + is1 s2
2 C023|3

A A

e is2 kh2 e is1 kh2 = 0.

2 C023|3

K033

A = A02323

K033

Analyze for = 2, = 1.7, = 4, = 0.7, = 0.3, = 0.8, (0) = 8.2 107 N A2 , (0) /(0) = 2, / = 1/3, 1 = 1.3, 2 = 1/1 , 3 = 1.

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Love - Results
Dispersion curves (rst mode). Non-dimensionalized square wave speed (c 2 /(0)) against non-dimensionalized wave number (kh).
c2 0 c2 0 10 1.0 B2 = 1 T 8 0.8 B2 = 1 T

6 0.6 B1 = 8 T 0.4 B1 = 0 B1 = 0 T 0.2 2 B1 = 8 T

10

kh

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

kh

Plots for B2 = 1 T, B1 = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 T.

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Conclusions
Initial magnetic induction destabilizes the material and waves exist only for a small range of stretches B in the direction of wave propagation is more eective For a Mooney-Rivlin type material, out of plane B has no eects Papers to be submitted: P. Saxena, R.W. Ogden, On surface waves in a nitely deformed magnetoelastic half space, In preparation P. Saxena, R.W. Ogden, On Love type waves in a nitely deformed magnetoelastic layered half space, In preparation More details at http://sites.google.com/site/jprsxn

Outline

Motivation

Governing equations

Constitutive assumption

Problems

Conclusions

Thank You