DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS I.

CT Scan Date: September 22, 2011 Description and Purpose: A computed tomographic of the (CT) scan or is the used for diagnosing of the neurological disorders brain spine. Some

disorders that can be detected by CT are hemorrhage, ventricle size, cerebral atrophy, tumors, skull fractures, and abscesses. CT scan is used when MRI is contraindicated because of metal aneurysm clips or other metal implants. The scan may be performed with or without radiopaque contrast material to enhance the clarity of the images that are recorded. Table no. (depending upon the compilation) Brain Plain CT Scan

No intracranial hemorrhage noted Ventricles symmetrical Inter-hemispheric fissure in midline No abnormal masses nor calcification seen Septum pellucidum is in midline Conclusion: (-) Brain Plain CT Scan and cisterns are clear and

II.

Chest PA

Date: September 22, 2011 Description and Purpose: This diagnostic exam is a radiographic picture utilized on order to detect pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities and to determine size, shape, and density of structures within the chest. Chest radiographs are among the most common films taken, being diagnostic chest of many conditions. the chest. Like The all methods of radiography, to an radiography a chest

employs ionizing radiation in the form of x-rays to generate images of typical radiation dose adult from radiograph is around 0.06 mSv. Table no: Findings Increase density in the Right Lung due to pneumonia Significance and Interpretation In pneumonia it is a hallmark sign on an x-ray result to have consolidation or an increase in density on a part of a lung.

LABORATORY TEST I. Urinalysis Date: September 22, 2011 Description and Purpose: A urinalysis is a commonly performed diagnostic test for the renal system. Urinalysis is an invaluable tool in the diagnosis of kidney disease The and other of systemic diseases give that may affect the kidneys. results the urinalysis information regarding

kidney function and various body functions. It also detects infection, and abnormalities. Urinalysis is a general examination of urine to establish baseline information provides data to establish a tentative diagnosis and determines whether further studies are to be ordered. Table no: (depending upon the compilation) Physical and Chemical Examination Color Yellow Straw or Amber Transparency Specific Gravity Glucose pH Pus Cells RBC Epithelial Cells Amorphous Urates Implication: The result shows that there is the abnormal presence of glucose and pus cells. Glucose in the or urine low indicates renal diabetes for mellitus, glucose excessive glucose intake, threshold Hazy 1.020 1 meQ 6.00 15-30/hpf 70-85/hpf few few Yellow Hazy 1.010-1.025 None 4.6-8.0 None Less than 5/hpf Few Few Normal Normal Abnormal Normal Abnormal Increase Normal Normal Normal Results Reference Interpretation

reabsorption. There is also an increase in RBC levels in the urine; blood in the urine may be caused by kidney stones, infection, cancer,

renal disease, or trauma. And presence of pus cells indicates presence of infection in the kidneys.

II.

Random Blood Sugar Test

Date: September 20, 2011 Description and Purpose: Random blood sugar is a test done to determine blood sugar levels and to have a baseline data for comparison. Table no: (depending upon the compilation) Category Random Blood Sugar Implication: The result shows that there is a slight increase in the blood sugar of the patient. This result may be caused or due to stress. Results 133mg/dl Reference 45-130 mg/dl Interpretation Slightly increased

III. Complete Blood Count Hemochrome Date: September 20, 2011 Description and Purpose:

A complete

blood

count (CBC)

is

series

of

tests

used

to

evaluate the composition and concentration of the cellular components of blood. It consists of the following tests: red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet count; measurement of hemoglobin and mean red cell volume; classification of white blood cells (WBC differential); and calculation of hematocrit and red blood cell indices. Table no: (depending upon the compilation) Category WBC Hemoglobin Hematocrit Platelet Differential Count Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 13 7 75 5 0 20-45 0-10 40-75 0-6 0-1 Decrease Normal Normal Normal Normal Results 7.7 K/uL 14.1 g/dL 41.3% 497 K/uL Normal Value 4.0-11.0 11.5-16.5 g/dL 37.0-47.0% 150-400 K/uL Implication Normal Normal Normal Increase

Interpretation: Platelets are formed in the red bone marrow; they are fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes. Platelets are involved in all mechanisms of hemostasis: vascular spasm, platelet plugs, and chemical clotting. As the results show, there is an increase in platelet count which may be brought about by trauma. Lymphocytes arrive later at the site of injury to during the inflammation cell-mediated and their primary role is are related humoral and immunity. Lymphocytes

produced in the bone marrow which means that when the bone marrow isn't functioning properly, lymphocyte counts drop.

IV.

Blood Chemistry

Date: September 20, 2011 Description and Purpose: Blood chemistry is patient's check for condition. Routine specific elements the chemical composition blood which work to of the blood. The levels of various substances in the blood can provide clues to a check blood chemistry is contribute clues to the often a part of a diagnostic workup, with the blood being analyzed to could diagnosis. Table no: (depending upon the compilation) Category Blood Urea Nitrogen Creatinine Sodium Potassium Results 88 mg/dL 1.23 mg/dL 143 mg/dL 4.53 mg/dL Reference 11-36 mg/dL 0.7-0.9 mg/dL 135-145 mg/dL 3.5-5.3 mg/dL Interpretation Increase Increase Normal Normal

Interpretation: The result shows that there is an increase in the creatinine and BUN level in the blood. Creatinine is excreted in the urine. The increase in its level in the serum indicates that there is no proper and effective excretion of creatinine by the kidneys. While urea is the main breakdown product of protein metabolism and is also excreted by the body in the urine. Accumulation of the urea in the bloodstream together with other nitrogenous compounds is due to kidney failure and gives rise to uremia.

V.

Blood Chemistry

Date: September 21, 2011 Description and Purpose: Blood chemistry is patient's check for condition. Routine specific elements the chemical composition blood which work to of the blood. The levels of various substances in the blood can provide clues to a check blood chemistry is contribute clues to the often a part of a diagnostic workup, with the blood being analyzed to could diagnosis. Table no: (depending upon the compilation) Assays Uric Acid Cholesterol Triglycerine Cholesterol- HDL Cholesterol- LDL Results 4.4 mg/dL 137 mg/dL 67 mg/dL 27 mg/dL 97 mg/dL Reference 2.5-6.8 mg/dL 0-200 mg/dL 0-250 mg/dL 45-65 mg/dL 0-150 mg/dL Interpretation Normal Normal Normal Decrease Normal

Interpretation: HDLs contain more protein by weight and fewer lipids than any other lipoprotein. HDLs carry lipids away from arteries and to the liver for metabolism. Therefore high serum HDL levels are desirable and low HDL levels are considered a risk factor for the development of CAD. This process of HDL transport prevents lipid accumulation within the arterial walls. VI. Immunology Date: September 21, 2011 Description and Purpose:

The IgG is the only immunoglobulin that crosses placenta and is responsible for secondary immune response and are located in Plasma and interstitial fluid. While IgM is responsible for immune response and it forms antibodies to ABO blood antigens which are located in the plasma. Table no: (depending upon the compilation) Salmonella Typhi Antibody test IgG IgM (-) negative (-) negative Results

Interpretation: The result shows absence of typhoid fever.