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BI THO LUN H tn : V Kim Phong MSSV :11110750257 Lp :K43DVT Cu hi: Tm hiu v bo hiu knh kt hp CSS7? Ni dung tm hiu c th s tm hiu trn cc sau y.
Nguyn tc chung ca bo hiu s 7 ? V sao cn SCCP v cc chc nng ca n ? Bo hiu gia BSC v MS ? Bin bn LAPD ? Giao thc LAPm ? S dng u trong h thng GSM ? MAP l g ? Chc nng ? ISUP l g ? Chc nng ?

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I. Nguyn tc chung ca bo hiu SS7 v chc nng ca SCCP. 1.1. Bo hiu SS7 trong mng GSM
Trong SS7, cc bn tin bo hiu c nh hng qua mng thc hin cc chc nng thit lp, duy tr, gii phng cuc gi v qun l mng. V SS7 thc cht l mt mng chuyn mch gi ring bit hot ng song song cng vi h thng tn hiu thoi, do vy trong mng vin thng c s dng SS7 th ti mi node mng, cc thng tin c nh tuyn, x l lun bao gm c tn hiu thoi (hoc s liu...) v tn hiu bo hiu.

Sinh vin thc hin : V Kim Phong Lp K43DVT

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Hnh 1.1 . Bo hiu SS7 trong GSM

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Hnh 1.2. Cu trc phn lp OSI v SS7 1.2. u im ca bo hiu SS7

- Dung lng cao: Mi knh bo hiu c th mang thng tin bo hiu cho vi nghn cuc gi cng mt lc. - Thi gian thit lp cuc gi gim. - Tnh kinh t : so vi cc bo hiu truyn thng trc y (CAS, R2..) th SS7 c s lng trang thit b t hn. - tin cy cao: nh s dng cc m sa sai (s dng cc t hp bit pht hin li, gim st v sa li cho cc bn tin bo hiu), khi xy ra s c chc nng MTP-lp 3 cn c kh nng t ng nh li tuyn v ng bo hiu. - Tnh linh hot cao: H thng bo hiu s 7 cho php biu din mt s lng rt ln cc tn hiu bo hiu v vy c th s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau v p ng c s pht trin ca cc dch v mi trong tng lai.

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1.3. Cc thnh phn ca mng SS7

- im bo hiu SP (Signaling Point). im bo hiu l mt node chuyn mch hoc mt node x l trong mng bo hiu c ci t chc nng bo hiu s 7 . V d trong mng GSM th cc SP y thc cht l cc Node (phn t mng) nh: GMSC, MSC, HLR, AUC... - im chuyn mch dch v SSP. SSP l mt tng i ni ht trong mng in thoi. Mt SSP c th l mt t hp gia mt chuyn mch thoi v chuyn mch SS7 hoc n gin ch l mt my tnh ni ti cc chuyn mch ca tng i ni ht. - im chuyn giao bo hiu STP. Tt c cc gi chuyn t SSP ny sang SSP khc thng qua dch v ca STP. STP chuyn mch cc bn tin SS7 qua mng ti ch n thch hp ca chng nguyn dng nh khi chng c truyn ra khi SSP - im iu khin dch v SCP. im iu khin dch v ng vai tr l mt giao tip n c s d liu ca mng. Cc c s d liu ny dng cha cc thng tin v cc dch v ca thu bao, nh tuyn cho cc s liu c bit, xc nh ID. 1.4. Cc dng lin kt - Cc lin kt d liu bo hiu. Mt im bo hiu SP trong mng bo hiu SS7 c ni ti mt im bo hiu SP khc thng qua cc lin kt bo hiu SL (Signalling). Mi mt lin kt bo hiu s dng mt cp ng truyn thc hin truyn dn theo c hai hng pht v thu trn cng mt tc . + Bo hiu knh lin kt (Associated Signalling)

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+ Bo hiu khng lin kt (Non-Associated Signalling)

+ Bo hiu ta lin kt (Quasi-Associated Signalling)

1.5. SCCP v chc nng 1.5.1. SCCP

Trong mng GSM th SCCP c s dng trong cc trng hp: - giao din gia MSC v BSC (gi l giao din A) , SCCP c s dng bi 2 phn ng dng : phn ng dng BSS (BSSAP) iu khin cuc gi , cc dch v lin quan v phn ng dng vn hnh v bo dng BSS (BSSOMAP) cho cc mc ch khai thc v bo dng . - Cc giao din gia cc khi trong SS (VLR , HLR , AUC v EIR) s dng SCCP cng vi phn ng dng kh nng trao i (TCAP) v phn ng dng di ng (MAP). - SCCP nh a ch : Nhiu a ch SCCP c cn thit truy nhp cc thnh phn ca h thng di ng v nh tuyn cc bn tin hoc h tr s trao i vi cc tng i ca mng c nh. Cc phn sau c coi l cc im u cui : + Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng (MSC).
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+ B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR) + B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR) SCCP cung cp thm cc chc nng cho phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP cung cp cc dch v mng hng lin kt v khng lin kt. - SCCP cung cp cc phng tin iu khin cc kt ni bo hiu logic trong mt mng SS7 v chuyn giao cc n v bo hiu qua mng bo hiu SS7 c s dng hoc khng s dng cc kt ni bo hiu logic. - SCCP cung cp chc nng nh tuyn cho php cc bn tin bo hiu c nh tuyn da trn GT. - SCCP cn cung cp mt chc nng qun l qun l thng tin v trng thi ca cc phn h v qung b cc thng tin ny ti cc node khc trong mng. Cc phn h ny l ngi s dng SCCP. - SCCP cung cp cc chc nng b xung cho MTP c th cung cp c hai loi dch v mng hng kt ni v khng kt ni nhm trao i thng tin bo hiu gia cc tng i v cc trung tm chuyn dng trong mng bo hiu quc t. - SCCP phi hp vi MTP to nn phn dch v mng NSP (Network Service Part), tng ng vi lp mng trong m hnh OSI.
SCCP iu khin kt ni c hng

UP

iu khin kt ni v hng

iu khin to tuyn kt ni MTP

iu hnh SCCP

Hnh 1.3: Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu SCCP

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1.5.2. Cc bn tin v th tc ca SCCP - nh a ch v nh tuyn. phn phi cc bn tin bo hiu n ng im ch, trong to tuyn ca MTP phi s dng cc thng tin nh tuyn c sn cha trong trng ch th dch v (SI) v m im thu (DPC), v vy kh nng nh tuyn v chuyn giao tin bo ca MTP b hn ch, khng p ng c vi cc mng thng tin a dch v nhu cu pht trin trong tng lai. Trong thng tin bo hiu, c hai loi a ch khc nhau c s dng: a ch cn phin dch, v a ch khng cn phin dch. - Dch v kt ni v hng. dch v kt ni v hng tt c cc thng tin nh tuyn cn a bn tin bo hiu ti ch phi c nm trong mi gi s liu (y l dng thng tin c a ch khng cn n chc nng phin dch ca SCCP). Khng c s u ni logic c thit lp gia cc nt u cui, c ngha l khng c cc giai on thit lp v gii phng kt ni m ch c giai on truyn s liu. V vy dch v ny thng c s dng chuyn giao nhng lng nh thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng xa. V d nh pht tn hiu cnh bo t mt tng i ni ht ti OMC, hay ng dng trong vic truy vn c s d liu ca mt MSC vi HLR hay thng tin nh v ca MS vi VLR. - Dch v kt ni c hng + Dch v kt ni c hng l kh nng chuyn giao bn tin bo hiu qua kt ni bo hiu c thit lp trc (mt ng thit lp v mt logic). Kt ni ny c th l tm thi hoc vnh cu. C th m t dch v ny nh vic gi mt gi tin lm nhim v hoa tiu qua mng v n ni nhn. Gi hoa tiu ny s tm ra v thit lp mt ng i thnh cng xuyn qua mng, cc bn tin bo hiu sau s i theo ng ny. V vy ngi ta cn gi y l kiu nh hng theo mch o. + Dch v u ni c hng c s dng khi c nhiu tin bo chuyn giao hoc cc bn tin qu di n mc phi phn ra thnh tng on sau pha thu phi nhm tr li.

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1.5.3. Chc nng iu hnh ca SCCP Mc ch ca chc nng iu hnh SCCP l cung cp cc th tc duy tr cht lng mng nh vic ti nh tuyn hoc iu chnh lu lng trong mng khi xy ra s c hoc tc nghn. Chc nng ny chia lm hai phn chc nng: - iu hnh trng thi im bo hiu (SP). - iu hnh trng thi phn h (SS). iu hnh SCCP thu thng tin lin quan n kh nng truy nhp SP v cc phn h SS iu chnh s c. Cc phn ngi s dng ca SCCP (SCCP User). Phn ngi s dng ca SCCP l cc ng dng, hoc cc phn h da vo cc dch v cung cp ca SCCP, c th nh sau: - Phn ng dng kh nng giao dch (TCAP). - Phn ngi s dng ISDN ( ISUP) - Phn ng dng di ng (MAP) - Phn ng dng IN (INAP). - Phn ng dng BSS (BSSAP). Cc phn h trn c nhn dng bi s phn h (SSN) trong phn phin dch GT ca SCCP.

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II. Bo hiu gia BSC v MS ? Bin bn LAPD ? 2.1. Cu trc

Giao tip gia b iu khin trm c s v trm thu pht c s (BTS) c gi l giao tip A- bis. Nh vy giao tip ny trong h thng trm c s (BSS). C 2 loi knh thng tin gia BSC v BTS - Knh lu lng - mang thoi hoc s liu cho cc knh v tuyn - Knh bo hiu - mang thng tin bo hiu cho chnh BTS hoc cho cc MS h thng trm c s.

Giao thc s dng vn chuyn nhng tin bo bo hiu gia BSC v BTS l LAPD (lp 2), n c cu trc ging nh giao thc lp 2 ISDN (bo hiu ca knh D). LAPD cung cp 2 loi tn hiu : - Chuyn giao thng tin khng c tha nhn, khng m bo phn pht khung thng tin n a ch t kt qu. - Chuyn giao thng tin c tha nhn, v h thng m bo khung thng tin ti c ch. Cu trc khung trong LAPD :

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- Mi khung giao thc LAPD c gii hn bi c (Flag) dng chui 8 bit 01111110. Pha thu s dng c ny ng b im khi u ca khung. - trnh vic gi nhm bn trong khung ngi ta s dng k thut chn bit : pha pht chn mt s 0 sau nm bit 1 lin tip cn pha thu s loi b bit 0 ny. II.2. Phn tch cu trc LAPD - Trng a ch SAPI: khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v TEI : khi nhn dng kt cui ca im cui c s dng truy nhp vo thc th ng v chc nng ng u thu. - Trng iu khin c s dng iu khin tun t v yu cu pht li. Trng iu khin phn bit gia ch c cng nhn v khng cng nhn + Trong ch cng nhn trng iu khin cha N(S) v N(R) pht i s th t pht v s th t thu. N(S) ch ra s th t ca khung c pht N(R) ch ra s th t m pha pht khung ny ang ch thu. Cc s th t c s dng thc hin giao thc iu khin lung c tn l Ca s trt. Giao thc ny cho php pha pht mt s khung nht nh (c gi l Kch thc ca s) m khng cn i s cng nhn cho mi khung. II.3. Chc nng LAPD - Qun l ng truyn (LAPD): l chc nng c bn m bo cc ng truyn s liu cc kt ni vt l 64 kbit/s gia BSC v BTS. Cc ng truyn ny c cung cp cho cc mc ch sau : + ng truyn bo hiu v tuyn (RSL). + ng truyn khai thc v bo dng (OML). + ng truyn qun l lp 2 (L2ML). Mi ng vt l (khe thi gian 64 kbit/s trong lung 2M) cha mt tp hp cc ng truyn s liu, mi ng truyn s liu ny c nh s nhn dng bng mt cp TEI/SAPI duy nht.
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- Thit lp ng truyn : Trc ht cc ng truyn s liu LAPD c thit lp cc u ni vt l gia BSC v BTS khi lp t hay m rng thit b. Mt u ni vt l c s dng cho bo hiu ti mt hay nhiu thit b u cui (TRXC chng hn) ca BTS. Cc thit b u cui u ni n ng vt l ny c nhn dng bi TEI (u ni phn cng pha sau my khi lp t thit b) v lnh do ngi khai thc ci t. Mt ng truyn L2ML s c cung cp trn tt c cc kt ni vt l. Sau tt c cc thit b u cui c trang b mt ng truyn OML v cc phn t bo hiu v tuyn c trang b RLS. - Truyn dn s liu : Trn cc ng truyn s liu c thit lp pht li v iu khin lung tn hiu c thc hin m bo cung cp dch v an ton cho lp 3 trong qu trnh truyn dn s liu. iu khin lung thc hin iu khin trnh t, kim sot s khung thiu v cc iu kin bn ca my thu. S ln pht li c gii hn bi thng s ca h thng - Gim st ng truyn : m bo truyn dn tin cy v hiu qu cc khung LAPD, vic pht hin li v pht hin s c ng truyn c thc hin lp 2 gim st cc ng truyn. - Gii phng ng truyn : Giao thc LAPD bao hm chc nng gii phng ng truyn phc v cho cc lp cao hn.

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III. Bo hiu gia BTS v MS (LAPDm)

- LAPDm l giao thc s dng cho bo hiu gia b thu pht BTS v trm di ng (MS). Giao din gia MS v b thu pht c gi l giao din khng gian (Um). Mc ch ca giao thc LAPDm l truyn dn bo hiu qua knh v tuyn c an ton.iu ny c ngha l tin bo ca lp 3 c th c pht trong cc iu kin c iu khin.LAPDm c t lp 2 theo m hnh OSI. Phn ngi sdng t trn lp LAPDm (lp 3). - Giao thc LAPDm tng t nh LAPD s dng giao din Abis, ngoi ra n c sa i ph hp vi cc c trng ring bit ca knh v tuyn.

Hnh 3.1. LAPDm theo m hnh OSI

- Cc chc nng ca giao thc LAPDm l : + S u ni v khng u ni ca cc knh logic. +Thit lp v gii phng cc knh s liu. - Chuyn giao s liu n v i t MS, s dng c ch tha nhn v khng tha nhn.
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- LAPDm c iu khin bng mt khi phn mm gi l khi x l knh khng gian (ALH) v LAPDm, chng cng x l tt c bo hiu ca giao din khng gian. - Chng trnh ca ALH s c t TRXC (B iu khin thu pht), y l b x l BSS.

Hnh 3.2. Khun dng bn tin ca LAPDm - trng a ch, khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI) c th c 2 gi tr khc nhau : SAPI = 0 ch th rng tin bo hoc cha s liu hoc cha tin bo in thoi.SAPI = 3 ch th y l bn tin bo co. - Trong th tc LAPDm, ngi ta khng dng c v cu trc khi c sn ca lp vt l. Mt khung LAPDm c cc i 23 octet (1 byte 8 bit) trn TCH v 21 octet trn SACCH. Nhng octet khng dng c lp y gi tr khng nhm c, chng hn 00101011.Cc khung t tin c kh nng nhm vi cm FCCH nn gi tr lp trn y ng vi ti thiu xc xut nhm,ring ng truyn MS-BTS vn lp ch trng bng 1111 1111 theo np c c t trc.

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IV. MAP v cc chc nng ca MAP

- MAP (Mobile Application Part) phn ng dng di ng cung cp cc th tc bo hiu cn thit c yu cu trao i thng tin gia cc phn t mng GSM. m hnh OSI , MAP trn c TCAP. C MAP va TCAP u thuc v lp 7. TCAP c th c h tr bi cc lp trnh by, lp phin v lp vn chuyn,cc dch v v giao thc c gi l phn dch v trung gian ISP. i vi cc dch v khng u ni c Map s dng th ISP c coi l trong sut c ngha l khng c s dng. V vy TCAP phi ghp phn iu khin u ni bo hiu SCCP cng vi phn chuyn giao bn tin MTP phc v nh nh cung cp dch v mng. - MAP c chia thnh 5 thc th ng dng AE (Application Entity): + MAP-MSC + MAP- HLR + MAP-VLR + MAP- EIR + MAP-AUC

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- Cc th tc c thc hin trong MAP : + Cp nht v tr + Hy b v tr + Qun l thng tin ca thu bao + iu khin,qun l,thu nhn cc dch v thu bao. + Chuyn cc s liu bo mt, nhn thc. + iu khin cc dch v ph. + Thc hin chuyn (cell).
V.

ISUP v Chc nng

- nh ngha cc chc nng v cc bn tin phc v cho vic

thit lp v gii phng cuc ni ISDN(thoi v d liu). - Cung cp hng lot cc dch v nh iu khin cuc ni chuyn mch knh, xc nh ng thu bao, ch gi.. - S dng SCCP hoc cc dch v ca chnh n phn phi cc bn tin bo hiu gia cc tng i. Cc bn tin ca ISUP tng t nh ca SCCP

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