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Chapter 3
Section One
Popular Sovereignty
-Populace (voting class) is the ultimate source of authority
-Consent of the Governed
-Comes from John Locke
Limited Government
-Government must follow the laws of the nation
-Nation of Laws vs. Nation of Men
-No person is Above the Law
Separation of Powers
-Government is split into three branches
-Legislature-Makes Laws
-Judiciary- Interpret Laws
-Executive- Enforces Laws
Executive
-Appoints Judges
-Approve or Vetoes Legislation
-Commander in Chief of Armed Forces
Legislature
-Confirms Executive Appointments
-Can over-ride veto with two-thirds majority vote
-Power of the Purse – Controls Spending
Judiciary
-Interprets the Constitution
-Judicial Review
-Life terms once confirmed by senate
Judicial Review
-Power to declare an Act of the President or the Congress Unconstitutional
-Usually exercised in landmark court cases
-Supreme Judicial body of the Nation
Federalism
-Two levels of the Government
-National and Local Levels
-Extended down to Cities, etc.
-Some powers specific to each level, some shared
Chapter 3
Section Two
Proposal
-Passage of proposal in both houses of Congress with two-thirds vote
-Requested by two-thirds of the states at a national convention called by Congress
Ratification
-Approved by three-fourths of the state legislatures (38 states)
-Approved by convention in three-fourths of the states
Rarity
-Over 10,000 proposed amendments since 1787
-Over 27 Ratified Amendments
-Shortest – 26th – 3 Months, 7 Days
-Longest – 27th – 202 Years, 7 Months, 23 Days
Chapter 3
Section Three
Basic Legislation
-Laws Specify the Constitution’s broad meanings
-Interpretations of the powers of Congress as times change
Executive Action
-Executive orders hold the power of law
-Use of armed forces without Congressional Declaration of War
-Executive agreements instead of treaties
Party Practice
-Presidential Nominations
-Primary Elections
-Legislative roles by Majority Party
Custom
-Presidential Cabinet
-Succession of the Vice-President
-Presidential Term Limits*