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SCORE NAME: ____________________ DATE:_____________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A molecule inside a cell consists of over 3,500 covalently linked atoms weighing about 105,000 daltons. From this description, the molecule can most specifically be described as a A) macromolecule. B) polysaccharide. C) lipid. D) polypeptide. E) protein. 2) Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by A) ionic bonding of the monomers. B) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers. C) the addition of water to each monomer. D) the removal of water (dehydration reactions). E) connecting monosaccharides together. 3) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A) Dehydration reactions occur in plants, and hydrolysis happens in animals. B) Hydrolysis occurs during the day, and dehydration reactions happen at night. C) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions destroy them. D) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. E) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down. 4) Carbohydrates normally function in animals as A) enzymes in the regulation of metabolic processes. B) sites of protein synthesis. C) the functional units of lipids. D) energy-storage molecules. E) a component of triglycerides. Figure 5.1 5) If 100 molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 were covalently joined together in sequence, the single molecule that would result would be a A) fatty acid. B) polysaccharide. C) polypeptide. D) polyunsaturated lipid. E) nucleic acid.

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6) Consider a polysaccharide consisting of 828 glucose molecules. The total hydrolysis of the polysaccharide would result in the production of A) 827 water molecules. B) 827 glucose molecules and 827 water molecules. C) 827 glucose molecules. D) 828 glucose molecules and no water molecules. E) 828 glucose molecules and 828 water molecules. 7) Which of the following are polysaccharides? A) glycogen and starch B) RNA and DNA C) uracil and thymine D) glucose and sucrose E) cholesterol and triacylglycerol 8) Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A) They are geometric isomers of each other. B) They can both be digested by humans. C) They are both polymers of glucose. D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. 9) What is a fat or triacylglycerol? A) a carbohydrate with three sugars B) a lipid made of three fatty acids and glycerol C) a protein with tertiary structure D) a molecule formed from three alcohols E) a kind of lipid that makes up much of the plasma membrane 10) Which of the following is true concerning saturated fatty acids? A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. B) They are usually produced by plants. C) They have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids. D) They have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated fatty acids. E) They are usually liquid at room temperature.

Figure 5.2 11) What is the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.2? A) a common component of plant oils B) an unsaturated fatty acid C) a saturated fatty acid D) a polyunsaturated triglyceride E) similar in structure to a steroid

Figure 5.3

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12) The molecule shown in Figure 5.3 is a A) nucleic acid. B) polypeptide. C) polysaccharide. D) unsaturated fatty acid. E) saturated fatty acid. 13) The hydrogenation of vegetable oil would result in A) the oil being a solid at room temperature. B) a decrease in the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil molecules. C) an increase in the number of hydrogen atoms in the oil molecule. D) two of the above. E) all of the above. Figure 5.4 14) What is the structure shown in Figure 5.4? A) a starch molecule B) a cellulose molecule C) a steroid D) a protein E) a nucleic acid polymer 15) Which type of lipid is most important in biological membranes? A) wax B) oil C) phospholipid D) triglyceride E) fat 16) The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different A) side chains (R groups). B) amino groups. C) carboxyl groups. D) tertiary structure. E) Both A and B are correct. 17) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires the A) addition of a water molecule. B) release of a water molecule. C) addition of a nitrogen atom. D) release of a carbon dioxide molecule. E) Both C and D are correct. Figure 5.5 18) The chemical reactions illustrated in Figure 5.5 result in the formation of A) peptide bonds. B) glycosidic bonds.

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C) an isotope. D) hydrogen bonds. E) ionic bonds. 19) Upon chemical analysis, a particular protein was found to contain 438 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? A) 438 B) 20 C) 876 D) 437 E) 439 Refer to Figure 5.6 to answer the following questions. Figure 5.6 20) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the dipeptide shown, back to its component amino acids? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 21) Which bond is closest to the N-terminus of the dipeptide? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 22) Which bond is closest to the C-terminus of the dipeptide? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 23) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bonds D) Only A and C are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct. 24) How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 5 amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids? A) 5 B) 20 to power of (5) C) 20 to power of (10) D) 20 E) 5 to power of (5) 25) What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bridges D) electrostatic charges E) ionic bonds 26) Which type of interaction stabilizes the a-helix structure of proteins? A) ionic interactions B) polar covalent bonds C) nonpolar covalent bonds D) hydrophobic interactions E) hydrogen bonds 27) The a-helix and the b-pleated sheet are both common forms found in which level of protein structure? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

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Figure 5.7 28) Figure 5.7 shows A) a polynucleotide folding into a double helix. B) an a-helix of a polypeptide. C) the a-helix of DNA. D) the linear form of glucose. E) the a-helix of starch. 29) Figure 5.7 best illustrates A) the twisting of a fatty acid chain. B) the double helix of DNA. C) the secondary structure of a protein. D) the primary structure of a protein. E) b 1-4 linkages in cellulose. 30) The tertiary structure of a protein is the A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. B) bonding of two amino acids together to form a dipeptide. C) order in which amino acids are joined in a peptide chain. D) three-dimensional shape. E) twisting of a peptide chain into an a-helix. 31) What would be an expected consequence of changing one amino acid in a particular protein? A) The biological activity of this protein might be altered. B) The primary structure would be changed. C) The tertiary structure might be changed. D) Only A and C are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct. 32) Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of a protein? A) tertiary B) primary C) secondary D) Only A and B are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct. 33) At which level of protein structure are interactions between R groups most important? A) quaternary B) secondary C) primary D) tertiary E) They are equally important at all levels. 34) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is _elementsubscript_element-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is _elementsubscript_element. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in globular protein in aqueous solution? A) Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. B) Both serine and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. C) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein.

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D) Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. E) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein. 35) A change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and ionic bonds is termed A) hydrolysis. B) renaturation. C) denaturation. D) stabilization. E) destabilization. 36) Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to A) function in the synthesis of proteins. B) act as a pattern to form DNA. C) form the genes of an organism. D) transmit genetic information to offspring. E) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 37) Which of the following best describes the relationship between proteins, RNA, DNA, and genes in humans? A) DNA genes RNA proteins B) genes RNA DNA proteins C) genes proteins RNA DNA D) proteins RNA DNA genes E) RNA DNA genes proteins 38) Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a five-carbon sugar and adenine or uracil B) a five-carbon sugar and a purine or pyrimidine C) a nitrogen base and a five-carbon sugar D) a nitrogen base, a phosphate group, and a five-carbon sugar E) a nitrogen base and a phosphate group 39) Which of the following are nitrogen bases of the pyrimidine type? A) thymine and cytosine B) ribose and deoxyribose C) guanine and glucose D) cystine and sucrose E) glycerol and glycogen 40) Which of the following are nitrogen bases of the purine type? A) guanine and adenine B) thyamine and uridine C) uridine and cytosine D) adenine and thyamine E) cytosine and guanine 41) All of the following bases are found in DNA except A) cytosine. B) thymine. C) adenine. D) guanine. E) uracil. 42) A sequence of a DNA polymer consisting of 80 purines and 80 pyrimidines could have A) 80 uracil and 80 adenine molecules.

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B) 160 cytosine and 160 thymine molecules. C) 80 adenine and 80 guanine molecules. D) 80 adenine and 80 thymine molecules. E) both B and C. 43) The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA A) has a six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. B) contains less oxygen. C) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. D) can attach to a phosphate, unlike the sugar in RNA. E) can form a double-stranded molecule. 44) Which of the following statements best summarizes structural differences between DNA and RNA? A) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid. B) DNA contains a different sugar from RNA. C) RNA is a double helix, but DNA is not. D) DNA is not a polymer, but RNA is. E) DNA has different purine bases from RNA. 45) In the double-helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to A) ribose. B) adenine. C) guanine. D) thymine. E) deoxyribose. 46) The two strands making up the DNA molecule A) cannot be separated. B) contain uridine but not thymine. C) are held together by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. D) are attached through a phosphate to hold the strands together. E) contain ribose and deoxyribose in opposite strands. 47) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases ATTGCA, the other complementary strand would have the sequence A) UAACGU. B) TAACGT. C) TUUGCT. D) TUUCGU. E) TAAGCT. 48) The structural feature that allows DNA to replicate itself is the A) phosphodiester bonding of the helices. B) twisting of the molecule to form an a-helix. C) three-part structure of the nucleotides. D) complementary pairing of the bases. E) sugar-phosphate backbone. 49) A new organism is discovered in the deserts of New Mexico. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 68 amino acid differences from humans, 62 differences from a gibbon, 24 differences from a rat, and 6 differences from a frog. These data A) suggest that the new organism is closely related to humans. B) suggest that the new organism evolved from gibbons but not rats and mice. C) show that the new organism is best adapted to an aquatic habitat.

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D) indicate that the new organism may be closely related to frogs. E) were collected to determine the type of blood in the new organism. 50) Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds? A) proteins B) triglycerides C) polysaccharides D) Only A and C are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct. 51) Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they A) are synthesized from monomers by the process of dehydration reactions. B) are synthesized by peptide bonding between monomers. C) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. D) are decomposed into their subunits by the process of dehydration reactions. E) all contain nitrogen in their monomers. 52) Which of the following illustrates hydrolysis? A) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogen base with the production of a molecule of water B) the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water C) the reaction of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide with the release of water D) the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water E) the synthesis of two amino acids to form a dipeptide with the utilization of water 53) Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to the above statement? A) DNA B) a contractile protein C) cellulose D) an enzyme E) a steroid 54) The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except A) DNA. B) amino acids. C) proteins. D) nucleic acids. E) monosaccharides. 55) All of the following molecules are proteins except A) lysozyme. B) antibodies. C) cellulose. D) hemoglobin. E) collagen. 56) All of the following molecules are carbohydrates except A) glycogen. B) starch. C) cellulose. D) hemoglobin.

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E) lactose. The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Figure 5.8 57) Which of the following molecules are structural isomers? A) 1 and 4 B) 6 and 7 C) 12 and 13 D) 14 and 15 E) 8 and 9 58) Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide? A) 2, 7, and 8 B) 5, 9, and 10 C) 11, 12, and 13 D) 14 and 15 E) 1 and 4 59) Which of the following molecules contains a ketone-type of carbonyl functional group? A) 8 B) 1 C) 4 D) 9 E) none of the above 60) Which of the following molecules contains an aldehyde-type of carbonyl functional group? A) 10 B) 1 C) 9 D) 4 E) Answers A and B are correct. 61) Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? A) 15 B) 6 C) 14 D) 1 E) all of the above 62) Which of the following molecules is a saturated fatty acid? A) 9 B) 7 C) 5 D) 14 E) 10 63) Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogen base? A) 8 B) 13 C) 7 D) 12 E) 5 64) Which of the following molecules acts as building blocks of polypeptides? A) 11 , 12, and 13 B) 14 and 15 C) 2, 7, and 8 D) 1, 4, and 6 E) 9 and 10 65) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?

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A) 4 B) 7 C) 5 D) 6 E) 9 66) Which of the following molecules could form a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction? A) 2 and 3 B) 7 and 8 C) 3 and 7 D) 8 and 9 E) 12 and 13 67) Which of the following molecules could form a fat (or triacylglycerol) as a result of a dehydration reaction? A) 3 and 5 B) 1 and 2 C) 12 and 13 D) 9 and 10 E) 7 and 8 68) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by an ester linkage type of covalent bond? A) 9 and 10 B) 5 and 6 C) 11 and 13 D) 1 and 4 E) 7 and 8 69) Which of the following molecules contains several glycosidic linkage covalent bonds? A) 6 B) 1 C) 15 D) 12 E) 14 70) Which of the following molecules is the sugar found in RNA? A) 15 B) 1 C) 6 D) 12 E) 14 71) Which of the following is a disaccharide form of carbohydrate? A) 14 B) 15 C) 6 D) 13 E) 1 72) Which of the following molecules has a functional group that frequently is involved in maintaining the tertiary structure of a protein? A) 10 B) 13 C) 8 D) 3 E) 2 73) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic "head" region and a hydrophobic "tail" region? A) 3 B) 9 C) 5 D) 7 E) 11

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1) Answer: A 2) Answer: D 3) Answer: E 4) Answer: D 5) Answer: B 6) Answer: D 7) Answer: A 8) Answer: C 9) Answer: B 10) Answer: D 11) Answer: C 12) Answer: D 13) Answer: E 14) Answer: C 15) Answer: C 16) Answer: A 17) Answer: B 18) Answer: A 19) Answer: D 20) Answer: C 21) Answer: A 22) Answer: E 23) Answer: A 24) Answer: B 25) Answer: B 26) Answer: E

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27) Answer: B 28) Answer: B 29) Answer: C 30) Answer: D 31) Answer: E 32) Answer: E 33) Answer: D 34) Answer: D 35) Answer: C 36) Answer: A 37) Answer: A 38) Answer: D 39) Answer: A 40) Answer: A 41) Answer: E 42) Answer: D 43) Answer: B 44) Answer: B 45) Answer: C 46) Answer: C 47) Answer: B 48) Answer: D 49) Answer: D 50) Answer: E 51) Answer: A 52) Answer: B

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53) Answer: E 54) Answer: E 55) Answer: C 56) Answer: D 57) Answer: A 58) Answer: C 59) Answer: E 60) Answer: E 61) Answer: E 62) Answer: A 63) Answer: B 64) Answer: C 65) Answer: B 66) Answer: B 67) Answer: D 68) Answer: A 69) Answer: E 70) Answer: D 71) Answer: B 72) Answer: E 73) Answer: C