BY

SONAL DHANANI BB-25020 IR-301

TO SIR SIKANDER MEHDI NOVEMBER 19 2011

INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY (BIZTEK)

THREE REASONS OF POWERLESSNESS OF PAKISTAN AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENEFICENT AND MOST MERCIFUL

"WE RAISE IN DEGREE OF RANK WHOM SO EVER WE PLEASED; AND OUR EVERY PRESSURE OF KNOWLEDGE IS ONE, MOST KNOWING".(AL-QURAAN)

We are grateful to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, for enabling us to fulfill this report. We would not be going justice in presenting this report without mentioning the people around us who have been inextricably related with the completion of this report. The long and tough task of developing this report was made easier by the help and guidance of our teacher. The whole practice of collecting material for the report compiling and composing was enjoyable. We extended our deep gratitude and heartiest thanks to our teacher SIR SIKANDER MEHDI

As their experience and wisdom, skill constructive criticism and valuable suggestions guided us through out. We are deeply indebted to our parents and saluted them who evinced their deep interest in every phase of our education.

LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION

November 29, 2011 Dear Reader

I am authorized by my course instructor, SIR SIKANDER MEHDI, to prepare a report on THREE REASONS OF POWERLESSNESS OF PAKISTAN, to be submitted by the NOVEMBER 19, 2011.

Sincerely;
Sonal dhanani

ABSTRACT (weak institutions but strong people)

Pakistan's economy, you may be surprised to know, improved drastically in a period of over 20 years. But sadly, this has not been reflected in improving the lot of the average Pakistani. Overall, Pakistans real income per capita increased by a whopping 231 percent between 1970 and 1993. This was the highest rate of increase in all of South Asia. But sadly, the country's progress on the plane of human development at the same time did not correspond to this boom.Such is the paradox of Pakistan, a country which has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world, but, interestingly, some of its highly educated people have dominated many international forums. In addition, Pakistan's human capital abroad represents some of the finest talent available, not to mention millions of dollars of investment. The challenges that the Pakistani government faces in delivering basic services, setting policy priorities, carrying out long-term planning, and implementing reforms has crucial implications for the countrys security as well as its economic development. In parts of the country where the state has failed to provide law and order and does not meet the basic needs of the people, extremist groups work to exploit the situation by filling the gap. Improvement will ultimately depend on Pakistans civilian leadership and the ability of its public to hold them accountable for their actions. Still, the United States needs to place an even greater priority on these issues in its own bilateral relationship with Pakistan.

THREE REASONS FOR POWERLESSNESS OF PAKISTAN:

Pakistan is facing great many challenges in the current era. The following are the three major reasons of Pakistan being powerlessness and a weak nation.

1. Terrorism
Of the various ideological streams that currently inspire and provoke political violence and terrorism in South Asia, the most destabilizing and lethal, and the one with the greatest extra-regional impact, is Islamist terrorism. A multiplicity of sub-sets and a complex, sometimes conflicting scheme of interlinkages, has been documented in connection with the extended range of Islamist terrorist groups operating in the region. Various shades of radical political Islam colour, indeed define, the Pakistani identity and nation, even as the country is positioned at the heart of contemporary Islamist terrorism. Extremist Islam is, and has long been, the states principal tool of internal political mobilisation and of external projection in an extraordinary and audacious enterprise of strategic overextension. Crucially, the footprint of almost every major act of international Islamist terrorism, for some time before 9/11 and continuously thereafter, invariably passes through Pakistan. After 9/11, the U.S. campaign in Afghanistan, and the stark choice given to the Pakistani leadership, the dynamics of the Islamist terrorist enterprise in South Asia have undergone dramatic adaptive adjustments and modifications. Essentially, however, this dynamic, its underlying ideologies, and its motivational and institutional structures, remain intact. There is strong and cumulative evidence that the Pakistani power elite, located in the regressive militarymullah-feudal combine, is yet to abandon terrorism as a tactical and strategic tool to secure what it perceives as the countrys quest for strategic depth in the region. This remains the case despite the increasing blowback of Islamist terrorist violence within the country, and the progressive erosion of the Armys status and control in expanding areas of the country. While the Pakistani Army has taken selective action against particular groups of Islamist terrorists particularly those who have turned against the state, who have attacked President Musharraf and senior Army and Government functionaries, who have engaged in sectarian terrorism within the country, or who are targeted specifically on behalf of, and under pressure from, the US it is the case that Pakistan continues to support and encourage the activities of a wide range of terrorist and Islamist extremist organisations. This is particularly the case with organisations that are active in Afghanistan including remnants of the Taliban and in India.

India has officially described Pakistan as "the epicentre of terrorism" and keeps threatening it. The world media considers us "the most dangerous country in the world." In its annual review of world security, the London International Institute for Strategic Studies has noted that Al-Qaeda elements along the "disputed" Afghanistan-Pakistan border have increased their activity in Pakistan while continuing to support the insurgency in Afghanistan. The think-tank says that "in NWFP, security forces in general remain unwilling or unable to effectively counter the resurgent Afghan and Pakistani Taliban militants with TTP beginning to control large swathes of the tribal areas and their influence spreading in the adjoining areas, an increase in cross-border attacks against coalition forces and civilians in Afghanistan has taken place." Similar findings are occasionally aired in US media, in US think tank reports and even in statements issued by US senators, house representatives, Pentagon officials, military commanders and the White House spokespersons.

2. Social System
Pakistan as a nation is a developing country and consequently faces a wide array of social problems: educational, economical, political, religious and a number of internal ethnic conflicts. Following are the major social issues faced by pakistan: Child Labour is a social issue within Pakistan and is considered a violation of human rights by the United Nations. Pakistani society is such that, a poor child can quite conveniently be deprived of basic education, only to feed the rest of his family members. Anyone up to the age of 18 is a child and his basic right is to receive education and proper upbringing rather than use his hands to destroy his own bright future. Children are especially exploited in the third world countries as they are a cheap source of labour and Pakistan children are used as labourers in the Sports Industry, Carpet Industry and the Footwear and in glassware production. According to the Federal Bureau of Statistics of Pakistan, 3.3 million out of 40 million children are working in various industries, although child labour is strictly prohibited by law. Child Labour is a serious social problem within Pakistan because the future and progress of any country depends on an educated and enlightened youth and if a child is not properly socialized then he/she will not be able to grow as confident and literate Pakistani citizens. There are various reasons for exploitation of children within the economic sector of Pakistan and such causes are directly related to the major social problems of Pakistan. Sociological Variables as the Causes of Child Labour in Pakistan: The factors that generate child labour within Pakistan are parental poverty and illiteracy; an irresponsible political system; social and economic pressures; lack of education. Social attitudes in Pakistan due to which a child is considered an adult at quiet an early stage due to biological changes, also are a cause of exploitation of children below 18 years. Poverty is a major social issue within Pakistan and as a result children are made to work in various industries in order to support their financially poor parents. The status of the family directly influences the choices available to a child and obviously if a family is extremely poor with comparatively less resources then consequently, each member, be it a child or an adult will be required to work and bring in money in order to survive. The economic and family status in the rural areas of Pakistan id quite low and as a result children are forced to work in various manufacturing and tertiary industries and are also over-exploited.61.2 % of Pakistan is illiterate and poor education resulting in limited exposure to human rights is a major cause of child labour. Education is a sociological variable and is of extreme importance because it emancipates a person from the grip of ignorance. However most people in the rural areas have no access to educational institutions and thus a child learns the tricks of trade from his father and instead of gaining education he chooses to work as a labourer or is at times forced by parents due to their own lack of basic knowledge. Pakistan does not have sound educational system under which a child can be adequately socialized into becoming a productive member of society. Education is not treated as a priority and inevitably child exploitation continues within our nation. Girls and boys are forced to work as domestic servants in the homes of the upper middle class or the richer elite.

3. Corruption
Corruption has always been a big problem for Pakistan and is on the rise by the day. Apparently there are institutions like NAB, FIA and Ehtesab Bureau to curb corruption, but these have not succeeded in their efforts. According to Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index, In 2010, Pakistan stood at 34th number as compared to 42nd in 2009.It means it has plunged eight more points in corruption. The demon of corruption is also due to the same machination of developed nations to win contracts by hook or crook to dump their surplus or to support and sustain their economic growth and prosperity that a country like Pakistan having a large land mass with abundant resources of water, manpower and energy with four seasons as gift of nature has been turned around as an economic and financial liability. The irony is that before the release of the 2010s corruption report, some high politicians of the ruling party publicly stated that there is no corruption in Pakistan and now the country is free from corruption. The lack of acceptance on the part of the government is the root cause of the problem. Any problem has to be first acknowledged to make a commitment to cope with it, but this is not the case here. According to the National Corruption Perception Survey (NCPS) 2010 of Transparency International, The four top corrupt institutions are Police, electricity, land department and education. The chairman of Transparency International, Pakistan, Syed Adil Gilani, said Corruption is the root cause of poverty, illiteracy, terrorism, shortage of electricity, food, etc. and lack of governance in Pakistan. Corruption is the main element and like cancer is eating up every institution of Pakistan. The most powerful and profit earning institutions of Pakistan such as PIA, Pakistan Railways and Wapda are running in loss and are a burden on the nation only because of corruption. These have been extracting desired heavy charges from facility users, but despite that they are facing losses. Now the Haj Scam has come to the forefront that has brought the present government at the brink of crises.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. In order to cope with terrorism, our government should neuteralise the terrorists through reconciliation by offering them general pardon and asking them to renounce terrorism. Even extremist insurgents can be offered mediation. Nevertheless, those militants who reject the offer could be fought through military operations. Military is another element to fight terrorism. In this respect, Pakistans armed forces have already broken the backbone of the Taliban militants through successful military operations in Buner, Dir, Swat and South Waziristan. Nonetheless, for their global and regional interests, US-led western allies must not only increase the military and economic aid of Pakistan but also provide direct market access to Pakistani products. 2. We as a nation are too much negative oriented and too much cynical where we find everything wrong in this country. Unless we change our mindset and unless everybody who is doing what he is supposed to do, carries out his or her task with sincerity and honesty, we are not going to go anywhere. We should not expect any Messiah to come and fix our problems we have to do it ourselves individually and collectively. There are no short cuts available. Media is muddying the water by their sensational stories and inviting so called experts who contribute in projecting negative thinking and negative national psyche. Unless we have a positive can do mentality, it will be difficult to progress. Unless each one of us changes our mindset rather than blame the government and the system, we are not going to go anywhere in this race for global economic survival. 3. There is no substitute to building up human capital. Private sector, public sector, NGOs, local communities, philanthropists etc, all here to put their hands on deck and participate in making sure that every child goes to school. Every high school graduate has some technical and vocational skill or goes for higher education. Unless we build up human capital, we are just going to be left behind because the world economy is going to be a knowledge based economy. It is not an economy where you memorize material or reproduce that in the exam and forget about it - that is no longer the case. One has to acquire the knowledge and use it in order to apply to problem solving. This is a new paradigm where human capital is as important as machinery and equipment. Pakistan lags behind other countries in the institutions, infrastructure and incentives for human capital formation. We have no choice but to accelerate the pace to catch up with others. 4. Estimating the value of education, the Government should take solid steps on this issue. Implementation instead of projecting policies, should be focused on. Allocation of funds should be made easy from provinces to districts and then to educational institutes. Foreign states are using LSS system. This should be inducted in Pakistani schools to improve the hidden qualities of children. Technical education must be given to all the classes. The education board of Punjab have projected a plan to give tech- education to the children of industrial workers. Promotion of the primary education is the need of time. Teachers, professors and educationists should be consulted while devising any plan, syllabus or policy. The state seems to give up her responsibility and totally relying on private sector. Education is the only cure of the disability in the state and can bring revolution through evolution, by eradicating the social evils. 5. For removing corruption these measures can be taken, all civil and military officers, politicians and other responsible persons should be asked to file a declaration of their assets before assuming any public office. A scrutiny of their wealth, after they have relinquished that office should be made. The scope and areas of his jurisdiction should be enlarged. A powerful anti-corruption commission comprising knows men of integrity should be constituted. It should be empowered to take action against person found guilty of corruption.