Title: The Effect Of Color On The Speed Of Dyeing Flowers Student Researcher: Terri Bell School Address: Hillside

Middle School 1941 Alamo Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007 Grade: Seventh Teacher: Barbara A. Minar I. Statement of purpose and hypothesis: I wondered how fast different food colorings would be absorbed? My hypothesis stated that, if I put three flowers in dye (red, blue, and yellow), then the yellow dye will be absorbed the fastest. II. Methodology: The material I used were: three white carnations, three glass jars, one for each dye color, and 100 ml of water for each glass jar. I tested my hypothesis by putting three flowers in three separate jars which contain red, blue, and yellow dyes. I kept track of how long it took for the color to show up in the petals of the white carnations. First, I put each white carnation in a glass jar with 100 ml of water. Then put 10 drops of red dye, blue dye in one jar, 10 drops of yellow dye into the next jar, and 10 drops of blue dye in the last jar. Everyday I checked on each flower. III. Analysis of Data: I started my experiment at 12:00. For the first three hours, the flowers stayed all white. The flower in the blue dye started to change around the edges at 4:20, the flower in the yellow dye changed at 4:30, and then the flower in the red dye changed at 5:30. IV. Summary and Conclusion: The blue dye was absorbed the fastest. Therefore, I reject my hypothesis which stated that the yellow dye will be absorbed the fastest. The yellow dye was absorbed in the second fastest time. V. Application: This experiment is helpful because one can now know that when the dye enters the flower from the stem it will go up the xylen and change the color of the flower petals. Blue dye appears to do the fastest.

Title: Which Milk Spoils Fastest? Student Researcher: Cheslea Cunliffe School Address: Hillside Middle School 1941 Alamo Kalamazoo, MI 49007 Grade: Seventh Teacher: Barbara A. Minar I. Purpose and Hypothesis. I wanted to find out which milk would spoil fastest if left out; skim, 2%, whole, or heavy cream. My hypothesis stated that heavy cream would spoil the fastest because it contains the most fat and fat doesn't stay fresh for very long. II. Methodology. When I performed my experiment I took careful measurements to make sure everything was accurate. Also, the procedures I went through when performing my experiment were very carefully planned. First, I got some skim milk, 2% milk, whole milk, and heavy cream milk. Then I put 2 oz of each into four separate baby food jars. I left the jars out with the tops on. I observed and rated the condition of the milk in the jars once every 8 hours on a scale of 1-10 (1 being fresh, 10 being spoiled). After all the milks curdled and the data was recorded, I threw away the milk. III. Analysis of Data. After the milk spoiled and all the data was recorded. I found that the skim milk was the first to smell bad, but the last to completely curdle. The 2% was the last to smell bad and the third to curdle. The whole milk was third to spoil and the second to curdle. Surprisingly, the heavy cream was the last to smell bad; however, it was the first to curdle completely. IV. Summary and Conclusion. I rejected my hypothesis which stated that heavy cream would spoil the fastest. The heavy cream milk was the last to smell bad. The skim milk was the first to begin to smell bad. V. Application. My findings could be useful in the "real world" in case anyone ever leaves their milk out. Often times, little children leave their bottles out or leave their milk sitting on the table because they didn't want to drink it. If parents knows when their child's milk was first put out, then they could potentially save their child's life or at least prevent them from getting sick due to food poisoning.

Title: The Effect Of Different Liquids On Teeth Student Researcher: Katie Simco School Address: Fox Lane Middle School Bedford, NY 10506 Grade: 6 Teacher: Dr. Sears I. Statement of Purpose and Hypothesis: I want to find out what effect common liquids that we drink have on human teeth. My hypothesis states that tooth decay is caused by the reaction of certain liquids mixed with the bacteria found in saliva over a period of time. II. Methodology: First I wrote my statement of purpose and hypothesis. I discussed dental decay and teeth with my mom (she's a Dental Hygienist). She brought home some teeth pulled from patients in her office that she carefully cleaned in a autoclave. We selected the best teeth by checking for clean, healthy and solid teeth. We used 16 teeth, 8 test tubes, and 4 liquids for this experiment. We wrote down the color and weight of each tooth on my data collection sheet. We placed 2 teeth in each of the 8 test tubes. We selected the following liquids: lemon juice, Ginger Ale, milk, and blueberry juice. We put 4 cc's of each liquids in 2 test tubes. In every other test tube, we mixed the liquid with 4 cc's saliva. There were eight test tubes in all. We kept all the test tubes at room temperature. We watched the teeth for 10 days. After the 10 days we removed the teeth from the test tubes and looked at the color and wrote down any changes. We inspected the teeth with a dental instrument called an explorer. I learned that healthy teeth tissue is not penetrated by the point of the instrument. When the tooth breaks down due to decay the instrument penetrates into the tooth. A good analogy is like trying to stick a pin into a jaw breaker or trying the same on a piece of caramel. We weighed the teeth and wrote that information down as well. Then we wrote down and compared the data from the start of the experiment to the data collected at the end of the experiment. III. Analysis of Data: Project note: I weighed the teeth and found that there was no measurable difference in the weight of the teeth before and after the experiment. (I used a scale with grams as a unit of measure in 1/10th increments.) Based on the observations I made, I found the following:

1.) The blueberry juice had the most effect in both stain and decay. A large visible cavity was detected on the tooth in blueberry juice mixed with saliva. 2.) The milk was next with decay and deposits called tarter and plaque and brown staining in both milk and milk mixed with saliva. 3.) Lemon Juice was next with deposits called tarter and plaque as well as whitening of the enamel. 4.) Ginger Ale was last with the least effect. Straight Ginger Ale had little or no effect. Ginger Ale mixed with saliva had deposits called plaque with a cavity found by probing with the explorer. IV. Summary and Conclusion: Leaving teeth in icky stuff without brushing them makes for icky teeth. I was able to decay teeth and stain them in a lab environment. If people eat and drink and leave the deposits in their mouths, decay and staining will happen. I accepted my hypothesis because in my experiment, there seemed to be more decay present and more plaque build-up on the teeth in the liquids mixed with saliva. V. Application: My project tells me that you should brush your teeth regularly and go to the dentist for regular check-ups. You shouldn't leave food, candy, or sugar stuck on your teeth for any length of time.