Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
glass bulb
"+" end metal end
filament
plastic covering
metal side
1 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Inside the light bulb: a conductive path
the filament is
a thin metal wire
2 D'Amato PTHS 2007
What was the main message of the last slide?
1. A light bulb has metal parts
connected to make a
conductive path through
the filament
2. A light bulb has a black
plastic insulator near the
base
3. The glass part of a light
bulb is not a conductor
4. The filament of a light bulb
is made of thin metal wire
5. A light bulb has a metal tip
3
and metal side D'Amato PTHS 2007
What was the main message of the last slide?
1. A light bulb has metal parts
connected to make a
conductive path through
the filament
2. A light bulb has a black
plastic insulator near the
base
3. The glass part of a light
bulb is not a conductor
4. The filament of a light bulb
is made of thin metal wire
5. A light bulb has a metal tip
4
and metal side D'Amato PTHS 2007
Electric Current
The bulb lights when there is a
continuous movement of
charges through the filament.
A continuous flow of electric
charges is called electric current
There are two requirements for
an electric current:
1. Separation of charges
2. A conductive path
5 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which is the best explanation of the term "electric
current"?
1) A conductive path that
causes a bulb to light
2) A separation of charges
that causes a bulb to light
3) A continuous flow of
electric charges
4) Electrical potential energy
converted into another
form of energy
5) None of these is a good
explanation
6 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which is the best explanation of the term "electric
current"?
1) A conductive path that
causes a bulb to light
2) A separation of charges
that causes a bulb to light
3) A continuous flow of
electric charges
4) Electrical potential energy
converted into another
form of energy
5) None of these is a good
explanation
7 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Separation of charges
Electric potential energy exists anywhere charges are separated
into areas of positive and negative.
The globes of the charged Wimshurst machine have a separation
of charges
8 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which is NOT a requirement for an electric current?
1. A separation of charges
2. A filament or other thin
wire
3. A conductive path
4. Paying your electric bill
5. Both 2 and 4
9 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which is NOT a requirement for an electric current?
1. A separation of charges
2. A filament or other thin
wire
3. A conductive path
4. Paying your electric bill
5. Both 2 and 4
10 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Separation of charges
Separated charges will always move to reduce their separation if
they can.
An excess of electrons will repel each other. Electrons will be
attracted to an area of net positive charge.
attraction repulsion
11 D'Amato PTHS 2007
What was the main message of the last slide?
1. Excess negative charges
repel each other
2. Negative charges are
attracted to positive
charges
3. An explanation of why
separated charges will
move to reduce their
separation if they can
4. Both 1 and 2 were the main
message
12 D'Amato PTHS 2007
What was the main message of the last slide?
1. Excess negative charges
repel each other
2. Negative charges are
attracted to positive
charges
3. An explanation of why
separated charges will
move to reduce their
separation if they can
4. Both 1 and 2 were the main
message
13 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Conductive path
Electrons can move easily inside a conductor. Metal is the most
common type of conductor.
What will happen to the charges inside this conductive wire as it
approaches the charged globes of the electrocope?
14 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Conductive path
Electrons in the metal wire are free to move, so charges begin to
separate as the wire approaches the charged globes.
What happens when the wire touches the globes?
15 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Conductive path
Electrons move off the wire onto the positive globe. More
electrons move down the wire to balance the balance the loss.
More electrons move into the wire from the positive globe.
An electric current flows through the wire.
16 D'Amato PTHS 2007
In the previous slide, what will cause the electric
current to stop flowing?
1. Removal of the conductive
path (the wire)
2. When the net charge
becomes neutral
3. When charges are no
longer separated
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. None, the electric current
will continue to flow
17 D'Amato PTHS 2007
In the previous slide, what will cause the electric
current to stop flowing?
1. Removal of the conductive
path (the wire)
2. When the net charge
becomes neutral
3. When charges are no
longer separated
4. Both 1 and 2
5. Both 1 and 3
6. None, the electric current
will continue to flow
18 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Conditions for an electric current
Current requires (1) a separation of charges and (2) a conductive
path.
If the wire is removed, the current will stop
When the charges have all moved to end their separation, the
current stops. That's what happens with the Wimshurst generator
19 D'Amato PTHS 2007
What was the main message of the previous slides
showing charged globes and a wire?
1. Separated charges want to
come together again
2. Negative charges can move
along a conductive path
3. An electric current occurs
when charges move
4. Both requirements for an
electric current can be
explained using a
Wimshurst machine and
some wire
20 D'Amato PTHS 2007
What was the main message of the previous slides
showing charged globes and a wire?
1. Separated charges want to
come together again
2. Negative charges can move
along a conductive path
3. An electric current occurs
when charges move
4. Both requirements for an
electric current can be
explained using a
Wimshurst machine and
some wire
21 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Separation of charges
"+" end
A battery also produces a
separation of charges because of
chemical reactions inside
(When the reactive substances
are all used up, the battery is
dead.)
"-" end
22 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Separation of charges
"+" end
The chemical reactions inside
the battery maintain a constant
separation of charges until the
battery's chemical energy is
exhausted
You can think of it this way:
Electrons are consumed in a
reaction at the + end and
dumped at the ‐ end
"-" end
23 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which of these statements about a battery is/are
correct?
1. A battery contains an
electric current
2. A battery provides a
separation of charges
3. Chemical reactions inside
the battery provide a
conductive path from + end
to ‐ end
4. More than one of these is
correct
5. None of these is correct
24 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which of these statements about a battery is/are
correct?
1. A battery contains an
electric current
2. A battery provides a
separation of charges
3. Chemical reactions inside
the battery provide a
conductive path from + end
to ‐ end
4. More than one of these is
correct
5. None of these is correct
25 D'Amato PTHS 2007
An electric circuit
A battery is a more common
source of electric potential
energy. The charges in a battery
will also move through a wire if
they can.
If the electric charges have a
conductive path to follow from
negative to positive, this path is
called an electric circuit.
26 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Analogy
current : circuit ::
1. potential : energy
2. work : energy
3. runners : track
4. pipe : water
5. chinese food : delivery man
27 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Analogy
current : circuit ::
1. potential : energy
2. work : energy
3. runners : track
4. pipe : water
5. chinese food : delivery man
current circulates around a
circuit. runners circulate
around a track.
28 D'Amato PTHS 2007
An electric circuit
The charges can do useful
work on their way around
the circuit
If they go through the
filament of a light bulb, the
filament will get hot
enough to glow
29 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Lighting the bulb
When connected correctly,
electrons can move through
the lightbulb across the
filament.
The filament is made of a
material that gets hot when
enough charge moves
through it. It gets so hot that
it glows.
30 D'Amato PTHS 2007
All the metal parts of a light bulb are conductors
But only a current that goes through the filment will light the bulb
31 D'Amato PTHS 2007
In which of these does a current flow?
In which does the bulb light?
A B C D
Write down which circuits have a current
Write down which circuits have a light
32 D'Amato PTHS 2007
In which of these does a current flow?
In which does the bulb light?
no current, no light
A B C D
no current, no light
current, no light
Write down which circuits have a current current, light
Write down which circuits have a light
33 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which has a current? Which lights?
A B C D
Write down which circuits have a current
Write down which circuits have a light
34 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which has a current? Which lights?
A B C D
current, no light
no current,
current, light
current, light no light
Write down which circuits have a current
Write down which circuits have a light
35 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Elements of a circuit
We draw electrical
components in a simplified
form to make our lives
easier
This is the symbol for a
battery
The larger line shows the +
side of the battery
36 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which diagram shows two batteries connected with
one positive end touching the other negative end?
1. 2.
4.
3.
37 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which diagram shows two batteries connected with
one positive end touching the other negative end?
1. 2. 1. no – lines same length
2. no – batteries not connected
3. no – connected + to +
4. Yes
4.
3.
38 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Elements of a circuit
This is the symbol for a
light bulb
Wires are drawn as lines
showing connections
Combine the symbols to
draw a circuit that contains
a light bulb and a battery
connected by wires
39 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which diagram of a circuit containing a lit bulb and
a battery is drawn correctly?
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
None of these is drawn correctly
40 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Which diagram of a circuit containing a lit bulb and
a battery is drawn correctly?
1. 2.
1. no – battery wrong
2. no – connected to only
3.
one end of battery
3. no – current not
4. through filament
4. no – battery drawn
wrong
5.
None of these is drawn correctly
41 D'Amato PTHS 2007
Circuit diagrams
Both of these are good
diagrams of a circuit that
contains a light bulb and a
battery connected by wires
It's OK to change the
position and orientation of
the symbols to make the
diagram clear
All that matters is that you
show the components
connected the right way
42 D'Amato PTHS 2007