WORKING PAPER

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION INFORMATION RECOURCES

ARRANGED BY NITA AYU LESTARI MUZDALIFAH J SUMARTINA MARIA ULFAH MUH ALI AKBAR SAKKA

BUSINESS ENGLISH FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Information resources
information is data that is processed into a form more useful and more meaningful for those who receive it for decision making. a. Forms of data and information

During this form of data and information that we often get a form of writing that consists of letters and numbers. Data and information in the form of writings contain weaknesses, which require time for the reader to read the information. Another disadvantage is the literatures are not easily understood by everyone. For example, the words "no smoking" only be understood by those who understand indonesian language, but the picture on the left it will be understood by many people around the world. Therefore, the writings often do not convey enough information, so we need another way. With the development of technology, especially computer technology and multimedia, data and information is not only a form of writing, but was more variable, namely the form of images, sounds, colors, light, vibration and so on.

Form of data/ Example Information Written Name of a person Date of birth Price of goods Sign Colour red, green Special shape which is easy to understand. Special color which has it mean, example red for stop, green for go straight and yellow for be careful. sound Incoming call Waiting tone Certain sounds or voice that show one case, for example incoming call and Collection of letter and numeral. explanation

Waiting tone on the phone.

B. Quality of information

Information can be useful for the user or could also not useful at all. It depends on the quality of the information. Both the poor quality of information is influenced by three determinants, namely:

- fill in the information - time representation and - the body of information

Fill in the information contents information are various things that were reported. The contents of the report that both must meet the following requirements: Accuracy or precision (accuracy), the accuracy of the information with the object it represents. Relevance (relevance), ie kesesuain between the information with the problem to be solved based on the information Completeness (completeness), namely whether or not enough information to be show without having to overdo it. Scope or coverage (scope), the information submitted should include all the objects to be delivered Performance information (performance) is how often the information can be useful for decision makers

Time representation

Quality information can be influenced by the time of presentation. Various quality-related information denagan time are as follows: Timeliness (timeleness), is the current information at decision-makers that said. Currency of information, the information should reflect the circumstances that actually the most recent Frequency (frequency), the information conveyed to management should be in accordance with the frequency of decision making by management Coverage of time (time period) must comply with the necessary information

Forms of information each type of information has karasteristik different, requiring different forms. The selection of information will greatly affect the success infrmasi readers. These forms of information are described as follows: Clarity (clarity) is how clear and how sharp the information that can be understood Details (detail) report should be displayed or can be provided if diperlikan by readers The sequence (order) order of information, greatly determine the ease of reader reports How to presentation (presentation), can be done with charts, with color, with words, by Comparison, with lines sometimes, and so on Means (media) reporting.

C. Data processing and information processing Data is the raw material of information. Data are facts that have not been useful for decision makers. To be useful, data must be processed, so that it becomes information. Data processing activities from one company to another ahrus not always the same, because of differences in decision-making processes of each company. Data processing activities usually include some or all of the following steps: Calculate the arithmetic (eg multiply, divide, add, subtract, if necessary membulatakn or eliminate fractions) Calculate the statistics (eg multiply, divide, add, subtract, if necessary, round up or eliminate fractions) Sorting, grouping, sorting, and ignore data that are not needed

Once the data is processed by processing data into information, can actually be processed again into much more useful information. The process of converting information into new information is done by processing information. For example, a bank customer accounts and conduct transactions for a month. Banks perform data processing, so that can know the customer has a lot to deposit and how much do the retrieval of cash, so it was found her new balance. The number of retrieval, the number of new deposits and balances, is information. Information a client is then processed further with the processing of information. Banks merge all customer transactions, thus known how many deposits of all customers in one month, and the amount of uptake, so the cumulative balance in mind. D. Information as a resource Information determines the quality of decisions. Misleading information that led to the decision that management made a mistake. According to records, inventory of goods in the warehouse are still many, so that management does not need to buy the goods. At the time in need, the goods were gone. Though

management has decide not buy the goods. Instead of good information will allow management to make good decisions. Good information not only needed by corporate management, but also needed by other external and internal parties. For instance, from internal parties, employees of this company want to know how much of the production plan this month, so it needs to prepare bakku how much material and how many employees. Employees also want to know how many sales targets next month, so that employees can make efforts to meet those targets. Examples of external parties who will give is bank credit to firms. The bank requires financial information about the company's performance. The government wants to know how much production will be undertaken by the company, to calculate the tax or in calculating the quota that has been set. Suppliers want to know how many companies can sell certain products and how quickly payments made by the company during this time. Other company conduct cooperation with the company 'also want to know what types of businesses and local companies that can bring penjulan cooperation or not. Information is not always originate from within the company. Management companies should pay attention to the various information that comes from outside. For example the internet. The internet can provide data and information is incredibly fast and easy to complete. E. Information system for creating a competitive advantage Since the 1980s, automation in the business world has a lot to change the style of managers in managing the company. The managers look at the computer and data processing as routine activities. Information is not just a matter of decision making, but more than that, the information is converted into power to win the competition and seize the market, or so-called competitive advantage. System information is not only addressed to managers or users in the company, but also extends to its customers, suppliers, and anyone associated with the company. System no longer is something that is limited, but also into the open. For management, information systems must be able to give more value to customers and suppliers, so as to create the following things: limiting the company to enter into the industry where firms are create switching costs to customers create switching costs to suppliers improving efficiency in the company An example is the banking world. Major banks now have atm network. If no investor will establish a bank, would not want to use the atm network throughout the state. Of course, the cost would be very expensive. For bank customers who had long been a particular bank customer, will be difficult if have to move to another bank. The client must deal with the problems of administration, ie registration. Another problem is the difference in services provided by the new bank. When the old bank was able to provide satisfactory service, then there is no reason for customers to move to another bank. Various sacrifices issued or made by a customer to switch to other banks in the call by switching costs. Switching costs can also occur on the supplier. If the supplier decides to discontinue service to

customers and seek other customers, will cause the supplier to pay extra or special treatment. System information can also speed up the process in the enterprise, improve the accuracy of the information, and facilitate the employees doing the work. This all will increase and cost savings while maintaining quality of output, thereby increasing efficiency within the company. Michael porter, a management expert, describes that in order to create competitive advantage, can be used a form of diagram is called the 2 groups to achieve value-added, or margin. The group activity is a major activity (primary activities) and support activities (support activities) figure 3.1 value chain model support activities for information technology systems and margin personnel information system system procurement primary activities inbound outbound marketing process service

Primary activities consist of the usual trending main activities undertaken by the company. Inbound is a range of activities that relate to the company's efforts to obtain raw materials, obtaining a good employee, looking for good suppliers and so on. Process-related activities transform raw materials into products or activities created a service to customers. Outbound is an activity to manage a variety of outputs to be delivered the company to its customers. Company's marketing activities to turn products into cash. Service is an activity to give the service after doing marketing. Support activities include various activities that support the main activity. This activity should not exist in the company, but if held would be very helpful primary activities. Activities included in the group support is activities such as procurement activities, the activities of information systems, human resource management, and much more.

F. Definition information systems

In a company or organization, there should be one part or definition responsible for development and information systems maintenance. The development includes the planning, development, until the implementation of information systems, so it is ready in use. Maintenance includes a variety of activities to keep the system performance information remains as expected. Definition information

systems, depending on the size of the company, can be placed in various positions. Note the picture next. In the picture looks deficit information system can be positioned as follows. A. Functions in information systems in departments in the company. If the company has 5 definitions for example, each definition will contain this information system. The advantage of this way is that each department will be able to develop information systems, information systems for staff working daily with the various processes that need. As for weaknesses, in this way allows the occurrence of mismatches between one department to another.

B. Information system functions are on separate department. For example, the department named information or data processing. The reason of the split up of data processing department this is so that services can be provided with data comparable and evenly throughout the component companies.

G. Effect of information systems against corporate form

Basically, companies that already make use of information systems should be able to have the advantage compared to companies that still run the recording manually. Some advantages are: able to produce accurate information more quickly.

 able to respond member's making decisions more quickly able to adjust to new conditions more quickly Tsb differences can be seen in the following table:

difference

Conventional company

Company with system information Horizontal, network Center to a system

Organization structure Vertical, hierarchical leadership Only center to a certain people Vertical, an appreciate to person To internal It is on a person To a far organization only, for reach another area.

Culture of decision making focus knowledge alliance

A giving authority, an appreciation given to a team. Customer first. It is on an organization Can be alliance to various company ( include a competitor ) on the same area. By distribution

Command line

Up to down

From the table above can be seen that some things are very different from conventional companies compared with companies that already menerapkan system with good information.

In the next phase, information systems will bring the company towards a global as well as experienced by global companies. Global company is a company that has been influenced by global conditions, so also must be able to adapt to the global environment. Various triggers a global business (business drives for global e-business) can be viewed as follows: