IPA Psychoanalytic Training - Standards

work in progress International Psychoanalytical Association - IPA 1910-2010 About Beginning of International Recognition International Psychoanalytic Congresses 1908-1918
International Psychoanalytic Congresses 1920-1932 International Psychoanalytic Congresses 1933-1938 International Psychoanalytic Congresses 1949-2009 IPA Psychoanalytic Training - Standards IPA Societies Europe - Australia - India - Israel - South Africa - Lebanon IPA Societies Latin America IPA Societies North American Region - China - Japan - Korea IPA Structure - Policy
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September 2010 / July 2011
work in progress / IPA 1910-2010 / Psychoanalytic Training - Standards Seite 2
Sigmund Freud Introducory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis

From 1885 to 1917 a period of 32 years Sigmund Freud lectured regularly at the University of Vienna.
In 1885 he was appointed private lecturer and in 1902 he was appointed associate professor.
Feb. 4, 1955: The bust of Sigmund Freud was unveiled in the Arcades of the University of Vienna. Copy of the sculpture by Paul Knigsberger from 1920. Freud himself sat as model. Students and friends presented it to him on his 65th birthday in 1921.
Fritz Wittels recalls that he would lecture "for almost two hours without any written material and without ever boring his listeners. *) *) Wittels 1924, quoted: Rohrwasser 2008
In 1902 a circle of students forms around Freud
In fall of 1901 Freud sent a postcard to Alfred Adler, Max Kahane, Rudolf Reitler and Wilhelm Stekel inviting them to his home to discuss his work. On Nov. 2, 1901, Freud writes to Adler: A small circle of colleagues and followers would like to give me the great pleasure of coming to my place one evening a week (8:30 p,m. post coenam) to discuss topics of interest to us in psychology and neuropathology. I have heard from Reitler, Max Kahane, Stekel. Would you be so kind to join us? *) Freud letter to Adler, 2 Nov, 1901, quodted: B. Handlbauer, 1990, iii
Freuds consulting room, Berggasse 19, door sign and waiting room.
1902: Wednesday Psychological Society at Prof. Freuds 1908: Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
Thus the so-called Wednesday Psychological Society was founded. Its members included not only doctors but also, as Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 26) remembers, Besides doctors, the circle included othersmen of education who had recognized something important in psycho-analysis: writers, painters and so on. The meetings are chaired by Prof. Dr. Freud with Otto Rank serving as a salaried secretary. The meetings generally take place every Wednesday evening at 8:30 p.m. at Prof. Freuds; the letures begin at 9. The order of the speakers in the discussion is established by drawing lots. *) The lots were kept in an urn.
Sigmund Freud um 1900
The Vienna Psychoanalytic Society emerged from the Wednesday Society on April 15, 1908. *) Minutes WPV from 10.10.1906
Psychoanalysis in Zurich In 1907 the situation changed all at once ...

Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 26)
Moreover, nowhere else did such a compact little group of adherents exist, or could a public clinic be placed at the service of psycho-analytic researches, or was there a clinical teacher who included psycho-analytic theories as an integral part of his psychiatric course.
Eugen Bleuler
The Zurich group thus became the nucleus of the small band who were fighting for the recognition of analysis. The only opportunity of learning the new art and working at it in practice lay there. Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 27) After personal relations between Vienna and Zurich had been established, an informal society was also started, in the middle of 1907, in the Burghlzli, where the problems of psychoanalysis were discussed at regular meetings. Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 28)
Eugen Bleuler
Zurich: Door to the World

Most of my followers and co-workers at the present time came to me by way of Zurich, even those who were geographically much nearer to Vienna than to Switzerland. [...] a focus of infection there was bound to be of great importance for the spread of the psychical epidemic, as Hoche of Freiburg has called it. Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 27)
Karl Abraham 1910 Psa. Society Berlin
Ernest Jones 1911 American Psa. A. 1913 Londoner Psa. Society 1919 British Psa. Society
Abraham A. Brill 1911 New York Psa. Society
work in progress / IPV 1910-2010 / Ausbildungsstandards Seite 7
Zurich: Bridge to the University
Burghlzli, end of 19.th century
The association experiments started by the Wundt School had been interpreted by them in a psychoanalytic sense, and had proved applicable in unexpected ways. By this means it had become possible to arrive at rapid experimental confirmation of psycho-analytic observations and to demonstrate directly to students certain connections which an analyst would only have been able to tell them about. The first bridge linking up experimental psychology with psychoanalysis had been built. Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 28)
Zurich: Bridge to the New World 1909 Clark University: Invitation
sitting: Sigmund Freud, G. Stanlay Hall, C. G. Jung. , standing: A.A. Brill, E. Jones, Sndor Ferenczi.
In the autumn of 1909, Stanley Hall, the President of Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, invited Jung and myself to take part in the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the foundation of the University by giving a number of lectures in German. . Freud (1914d, SE XIV, 31)
1911: First Courses for Psychoanalysis in Vienna
Courses for psychoanalysis. The Vienna Psychoanalytic Society VPS decided to hold courses for beginners and advanced students to promote a broad understanding of psychoanalysis. The first course The Technique of Psychoanalysis was taught by Dr. Sadger (Wien IX., Liechtensteinstrasse 15) from 1Dec. 15, 1910 to Jan. 15, 1911. Dr. Alfred Adler from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31: Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Dr. Wilhelm Stekel from Feb.1 to Feb. 28: The Practice of Psychoanalysis (including demonstrations with patients and practical exercises.) CZ, I, 1910, 129-135
Isidor Sadger
Alfred Adler
Wilhelm Stekel
1911: Cycle of 12 lectures at the Vienna Society of Physicians 1912: Viktor Tausk gives a series of 20 lectures in Vienna
1911: The Vienna Society of Physicians organizes a cycle 12 lectures:Introduction to psychoanalysis in the large auditorium of the Institute of Physiology;
two lecture evenings per week, each two hours
Speaker Dr. Viktor Tausk.

Disposition: Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Interpretation of Dreams, Sexual Theory, Theory of Neurosis general applicability of psychoanalytic theories in other areas of intellectual life, principles of a theory of the unconscious The first lecture was given on May 16, 1911.
CB, VI, 1911, 2
Viktor Tausk
1912: Dr. Viktor Tausk (Vienna) is presently giving a series of 20 lectures with the title Theoretical and practical introduction to psychoanalysis.
The lectures are being held every Tuesday evening from 8 to 10 p.m. at the Institute for the Treatment of Nervous Walking Disabilities. By Dr. Karl Weiss, Vienna IV, Schwindgasse 14. There forty people in the audience, consisting of doctors and students. Each lecture was followed by a discussion.
IZP, I, 1913, 101-102
First activities in Berlin

In 1907 Karl Abraham moves to Berlin where he opens a psychiatric-neurologic practice in which he also offers psychoanalytic treatment. 1908: 1st meeting of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Society with Karl Abraham, Iwan Bloch, Otto Juliusburger, Magnus Hirschfeld and Heinrich Koerber. There were already twenty participants at the second meeting 1910: Max Eitingon moves to Berlin. [] The Berlin Psychoanalytic Society is constituted as the Berlin Local Group of the International Psychoanalytic Association. Its first members are: Otto Juliusburger, Heinrich Koerber, Joahnn Marcinowski, (?) Simon, Arnold Georg Stegmann, Wilhelm Strohmayer, Wolfgang Warda, Max Eitingon and Karl Abraham. Karen Horney, Carl Mller-Braunschweig and Josine Mller come to Berlin; all three begin an analysis with Abraham. [] 1911: Tanja Rosenthal, Karen Horney and Margarete Stegman are admitted as the first women to the group which has grown to eleven members (end of 1911). In June 1912 two non-physicians join as extraordinary members. 1912: Theodor Reik moves to Berlin. Source: http://dpg-psa.de/in_ge_chron.htm.19.7.2011
Karl Abraham
First teaching activities in Budapest

1909: Last year Dr. Ferenczi in Budapest taught a private course on psychoanalysis,
which about 12-13 people attended. He is thinking of doing a psychoanalytic seminar again this year with the more promising members of this group.
CB, III, 1910, 6-7
1913: The local Budapest group of the I. Psa. A. was created on May 19, 1931, [...]
As every year, Dr. S. Ferenczi taught a course on psychoanalysis for physicians [...]He was also asked to teach a further training course for judges and state prosecutors on the juridical and sociological relevance of psychoanalysis . IZP, I, 1913, 617
1919: Ferenczi is appointed to the first chair for psychoanalysis at the University of Budapest
Dr. S. Ferenczi, currently central president of the I. Ps.-A. , was appointed by the government of the Hungarian Soviet Republic to a full professorship with an equal status at the University of Budapest and in the current summer semester is already teaching a three-hour course on Psychoanalytic Psychology for Physicians Doctors to a packed auditorium. (IZP, V, 1919, 228) The Horthy regime that soon followed immediately annulled this appointment.
Vienna Psychoanalytic Society: Announcement for 1914/15 Theoretical and practical training in psychoanalysis
In the winter semester 1914/15 the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society offered courses on psychoanalysis for physicians and students from all faculties, for both men and women. The courses are intended to complement the courses taught by Prof. Freud at the University of Vienna and should provide an theoretical and practical training in psychoanalysis.
Depending on the number of students who opt for one or the other modality, the individual courses can last for an entire semester or just ten weeks. The semester courses take place once a week as a two-hour lecture, the ten-week courses three times a week as two-hour lectures either from 7 to 9 or from 8 to 10, depending on what the participants agree to with the instructor. The fee is 60 K for doctors and for all participants 30 K. Students who have been exempted from all or half of the tuition fees only pay half.
The following courses are planned: A) An advanced course (several chapters on libido theory.) B) A course on medical psychoanalysis with practical demonstrations for physicians and medical students.
Sigmund Freud and Viktor Tausk. The history of a tragic conflict.
Applications will only be accepted until 28 October a. c. They are to be sent to Dr. Viktor Tausk, neurologist in Wien, 9. district, Alserstrae 32 who is in charge of organizing the courses. [...] The psychoanalytic society and the lecturers reserve the right to change the program if this should become absolutely necessary due to circumstances.
IZP, II, 1914, 481-482.
Because of the war, the activities of the society and teaching were for the most part suspended.
1916-17: Dr. H. von Hug-Hellmuth gave a series on lectures titled New Paths to Understanding the Childs Psyche at the womens education association (Frauenbildungsverein) in Vienna with the following program:
I. Vortrag 18. Februar: Einfhrungsvortrag: Die Rolle des Unbewuten im Seelenleben des Erwachsenen und des Kindes. II. Vortrag 25. Februar: Das Liebesbedrfnis des Kindes. III. Vortrag 3. Mrz: Das Triebleben des Kindes; seine Ein- und Unterordnung. IV. Vortrag 10. Mrz: Die zweifache Lge der Erwachsenen in der Kinderstube. V. Vortrag 17. Mrz: Kinderlaunen, -unarten und -fehler. VI. Vortrag 24. Mrz: Vom Fragen der Kinder. VII. Vortrag 31. Mrz: Das Kinderspiel. VIII. Vortrag 7. April. Kindertrume; Tagtrume des Kindes. IX. Vortrag 14. April: Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes: die Vorbedingung zur Erzielung von Edelmenschen.
IZP, IV, 1916-17, 68-70
Hermine Hug-Hellmuth
Freud, Sigmund Freud (1916-17a): Introducory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis. SE XV, XVI.

"This volume is a faithful reproduction of the lectures which I delivered [at the University] during the two Winter Terms 1915/16 and 1916/17 before an audience of doctors and laymen of both sexes." (Preface, Freud, 1916-17a, SE XV, 9.)
Freud, Sigmund Freud (1933a): New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis and Other Works. SE XXII.
Vienna: Resumption of teaching after the end of the war

Training courses on psychoanalysis. On 3 February 1919 the training courses on psychoanalysis that had been interrupted by the war were resumed by the Vienna ps.a Society.
A member of the local group,
neurologist Dr. Victor Tausk,

has been in charge of the courses up until now.
He is presently teaching an introduction course,

which is to be followed by an advanced course if enough participants sign up.
The lectures will be held in the small auditorium of the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Vienna. The first course ended in March.
Applications for this years summer courses that are to commence in the middle of May must be directed to the secretary of the Viennese local group or the lecturer (Vienna, IX. Alserstrae 32) by the end of April. Fee for doctors 60 K, for students 40 K.
IZP, V, 1919, 138
The former provincial insane asylum is being turned into the psychiatricneurological ward of the University of Vienna.
5th InternationalePsychoanalytic Congress Budapest 1918 Training Analysis Compulsory for Psychoanalysts
It was at the Budapest congress in 1918, which stood under the sway of Freuds lecture Lines of Advance in Psycho-Analytic Therapy (SE XVII) that a colleague Nunberg stated: one can no longer study psychoanalysis without undergoing analysis oneself. Max Eitingon, IPA Congress Marienbad, 1936 IZP, 1937, 196f
Hermann Nunberg
5th InternationalePsychoanalytic Congress Budapest 1918 Sigmund Freud (1919e): Wege der psychoanalytischen Therapie
... "it is possible to foresee that at some time or other the conscience of society will awake and remind it that the poor man should have just as much right to assistance for his mind as he now has to the life-saving help offered by surgery;" Freud, 1919e, SE VII, 167 Freud thus provided the decisive incentive at the 1918 IPA congress in Budapest to create an outpatient clinic in Berlin (Poliklinik) in 1920 and the Vienna Psychoanalytic Outpatient Clinic (Ambulatorium) in 1922.
Sigmund Freud, 1926 Ferdinand Schmutzer Radierung
14 Feb. 1920: Founding of the Outpatient Clinic in Berlin First institute for psychoanalytic training. Eitingon-Model
With the Berlin Outpatient Clinic (Poliklinik Berlin) mainly initiated by Eitingon and Abraham the first institute for psychoanalytic training was established in 1920. The training based on the Berlin Eitingon model consists of three parts: Training analysis Supervision analysis Theoretical training
Max Eitingon. Source: Festschrift 10 Years of the Berlin Institute
Poliklinik Berlin / Outpatient clinic in Berlin, Reception room Dr. Eitingon, room of the doctor on duty. Source: Festschrift 10 Years of the Berlin Institute
7th International Psychoanalytic Congress Berlin 1922 Hitschmann Presents the Vienna Outpatient Clinic (Ambulatorium) (established in 1922 - like in Berlin also a Training Institute)
The examination rooms of the cardiac word were to serve as analysis rooms. There was no couch and the patient (analysand) had to use a stool to climb up onto the table. The thin mattresses on the table had no springs (Sterba, 1982)
Eduard Hitschmann
Herzstation, Pelikangasse, Vienn IX. Morning: Cardiology / afternoon: Psychoanalysis
1922: First Training Courses at the Vienna Outpatient Clinic

The courses listed in the following were held or begun in the period under report. Dr. Hitschmann: Einfhrung in die Psychoanalyse. Dozent Dr. Deutsch: Was mu der praktische Arzt von der Psychoanalyse wissen? Fr. Dr. Hug-Hellmuth: Kinderpsychologie fr Anfnger (Semesterkurs). Fr. Dr. Hug-Hellmuth: Seminar ber pdagogische Fragen (Semesterkurs). Dr. Siegfried Bernfeld: Kinderpsychologie fr Vorgeschrittene (Semesterkurs). Dr. Siegfried Bernfeld: Psychologie der Erziehung und des Erziehers (Semesterkurs). The Vienna Psychoanalytic Society announces the following courses (January 1923) Dozent Dr. Deutsch: Was soll der praktische Arzt von der Psychoanalyse wissen? Dr. Hitschmann: Allgemeine Einfhrung in die Psychoanalyse. Dr. Hitschmann: Die psychische Impotenz des Mannes und die Frigiditt der Frau. Dr. Jokl: Berufsneurosen. Dr. Nunberg: Neurosenlehre (fr Vorgeschrittene). Dr. Reik: Religion und Zwangsneurose. Dr. Sadger: Psychopathia sexualis (fr Vorgeschrittene). Ort: Saal der Wiener Psychoanalytischen Vereinigung, IX., Pelikangasse 18. Anmeldungen: Ebendort Montag, Mittwoch, Freitag, 6 bis 7 Uhr abends, im psychoanalytischen Ambulatorium oder schriftlich beim Leiter der Lehrkurse, Dr. Hitschmann, IX, Whringerstrae 24.
Ambulatorium: Training courses February 1924
Dozent Dr. Karl Friedjung gives lectures at the University in Vienna: Kindersexualitt und ihre Bedeutung fr die Erziehung und rztliche Praxis. IZP, VIII, 1922, 535
9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925 Report: Clinics and Training Institutes
Frau Dr. Helene Deutsch: The Training Institute of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society was established in 1924. (...) The fact that the Viennese training institute as an autonomous institution does not create an organic unit with the outpatient clinic apparently distinguishes our organization from the Berlin institute, which has merged the outpatient clinic and the training institute.
1925 IPA Congress Bad Homburg
However, the difference is only a formal one and has resulted from the pressure of local circumstances. IZP, XI, 1925, 522-524
9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925 Report: Clinics and Training Institutes
Dr. Rickman reported on the London Institute of Psycho- Analysis founded in January 2005. The Institute organized training courses, set up a library and hopes to soon be able to establish an outpatient clinic. IZP, XI, 1925, 521 Dr. Ferenczi spoke about the prospects for establishing a psychoanalytic institute in Budapest and described the provisory structure of training.
IZP, XI, 1925, 521
Dr. Eduard Hitschmann, head of the head of the Outpatient clinic of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (Ambulatorium) (...) IZP, XI, 1925, 521-522 Dr. Eitingon: The teaching activities at our institute can be seen as fairly consolidated since (and thanks to) the introduction of our training guidelines
IZP, XI, 1925, 524-526
John Rickman No ordinary psychoanalyst. Exceptional contributions. Karnac, 2003.
9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925 Founding of the International Training Commission * - ITC Chair: Max Eitingon (1925-1934)
Each affiliated association of the IPA elects from its midst a training committee which consists of maximum seven members. The training committees of the affiliated associations come together in an International Training Commission.
The International Training Commission is the central body of the IPA that is responsible for all question related to psychoanalytic training. IZP, XI, 1925 , 527 * Firs called Board
Max Eitingon
9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925 Max Eitingon: Four Theories on the Issue of Training Essental: Working under Supervision
I) Psychoanalytic training should no longer be left to the private initiative of individuals. II) The training of a candidate must be backed by collective efforts and collective responsibility, at least that of the analytic group of the country in which the candidate resides. To this end, institutions should be established in the respective countries; the guidelines of these institutions [...] should be uniform and also as similar as possible, [...] III) Training analysis is certainly the most important part of training but it no longer coincides with the entire training. Absolutely essential supplemental training programmes should be demanded and made possible, especially working under supervision. IV) From the above three theories regarding training, we would like to draw the following conclusion for the future: of the candidates seeking to pursue psychoanalytic therapy generally only those can become members of the IPA if they have completed the entire training program. IZP, XI, 1925, 515-520
Max Eitingon. Source: Festschrift 10 Years of the Berlin Institute
9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925

Introduction of Internationally Obligatory Training Standards
1910 The IPA was founded as a scientific association. Initially, membership in the IPA did not require clinical training and practice of psychoanalysis. Therapeutic training was one of its applications. 1925 With the introduction of internationally obligatory training standards membership in the IPA required completion of psychoanalytic training.
19125 IPA Congress Bad Homburg
Since no certificates were issued at the end of training, membership in the IPA came to resemble a sort of diploma displacement. As a result, the IPA increasingly changed froma scientific association into a professional organization of psychoanalysts. (Schrter 2002), (Bohleber 2010)
9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925 Opposition from the USA against lay analysis
Dr. Oberndorf discussed the position of the American groups The strict American legislation against quackery as well as the certain disagreeable things that have been observed among American member candidates who sought to practice illegitimately made it necessary to exclude non-doctors. However, they were allowed to attend the scientific meetings as guests. IZP XI / 1925 / 527
Clarence Oberndorf Source: pep-web
Resolution of Bad Homburg 1925 Committee for Formulating Terms of Admission Until then no Measures
The fears of the American are reflected in a statement made by Brill where he speaks of the necessity of medical standards as a prerequisite for psychoanalysts because psychoanalysis would otherwise be completely swamped with scores of untrained and unsuited laymen who would then soon completely change the character of the psychoanalytic profession. (Wallerstein 1998, 33). (Bohleber, 2010) Positions in Europe: Freud and Ferenczi stand up for lay analysis. Jones and Eitingon recommend medical training but it isnt obligatory. Resolution of Bad Homburg 1925: To clarify the issue the training commission will appoint a committee to formulate terms of admission. The resolutions of the committee, which is only made up of Berlin analysts, will not be recognized. A further committee will be established. Its report was accepted in Wiesbaden in 1932: The individual societies are free to set the conditions for selecting candidates.
Abraham A. Brill
On the Issue of Lay Analysis in Vienna
The official approval for the Vienna Psychoanalytic Outpatient Clinic was made dependent on the condition that all teachers and students at this institute could only be doctors and that laymen were not allowed in with the exception of patients. Prof. Wagner-Jauregg insisted at the Chamber of Physicians that nondoctors be able to practice psychoanalysis and prompted the health authorities to fully focus on institutes practicing psychoanalysis and to create a legal basis for psychotherapy to be practiced by laymen.*) The clarification of the lay analysis issue was of existential importance for the outpatient clinic but also for those analysts who had no medical training to show for. In 1924 Prof. Arnold Durig asked Freud to write an expertise and also had a conversation with him that apparently influenced him when two years later, in 1926, he created the figure of the unbiased partner in his monograph on the issue of lay analysis. * Minutes of the Provincial Health Council, 12 April 1924 / Prot. Landessanittsrat, 4.12.1924)
Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1925?)
Arnold Durig
Legal Proceeding against Theodor Reik for Quackery Founding of a Separate Training Institute in Vienna
With the decreee of November 25, 1924 the Viennese municipality banned Theodor Reik from practicing psychoanalysis with a decree issued on 25 November1924. In spring 1926 legal proceedings were initiated against Dr. Theodor Reik for quackery, because as a non-physician he had treated patients psychoanalytically. Freud intervened, spoke with a high-level official, wrote a letter to municipal councilor Prof. Tandler and a readers letter in the daily Neue Freie Presse in which he announced his monograph on >The Question of Lay Analysis<. 28 October 1924 Founding of a training institue, that is independent of the outpatient clinic - because only doctors are allowed to work at the clinic. Yet in Vienna one basically wants to stick to lay analysis and clinic. Therefore clinic and institute have to be seperated. January 1925: Opening of the training institute in Vienna: Like in Berlin, the training comprises training analysis, theoretical training and practical training, i.e., analysis controlled by the training institute, which was often assigned by the outpatient clinic. The training was planned to take two years.
Theodor Reik
1925 Training Institute of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society Announcement of the first courses and seminars
In the period from January to July 1925 the following training courses and seminars were held:
1) Dr. Siegfried Bernfeld: Was ist Psychoanalyse? Zehnstndiger Einfhrungskurs fr rzte und Laien.Announcement of the first courses and seminars at the training institute of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society In the period from January to July 1925 the following training courses and seminars were held: Januar Mrz. (Hrerzahl: 29.) 2) Dr. H. Nunberg: Seminaristische bungen ber ausgewhlte Kapitel aus der psychoanalytischen Literatur. (Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie, Das Ich und das Es.) Februar Juni. (Hrerzahl: 13.) 3) Dr. P. Federn: Elemente der psychoanalytischen Technik. Zehnstndiger Kurs. Februar Mrz. (Hrerzahl: 18.) 4) Dr. E. Hitschmann: ber psychische Impotenz und ihre Behandlung. Fnfstndiger Kurs. Mrz April. (Hrerzahl: 25.) 5) Dr. R. Wlder: Die logische Struktur der Psychoanalyse. Achtstndiger Kurs. Mrz April. (Hrerzahl: 17.) 6) Dr. Th. Reik: ber unbewutes Schuldgefhl. Zehnstndiger Kurs. April Juni. (Hrerzahl: 17.) 7) Doz. Dr. Felix Deutsch: Was soll der praktische Arzt von der Psychoanalyse wissen? Zehnstndiger Kurs. Mai Juni. (Hrerzahl: 3.) 8) Doz. Dr. P. Schilder: Die Psychoanalyse in der Psychiatrie. Zehnstndiger Kurs. Mai. (Hrerzahl: 18.) Seminar und Kurs 2 und 3 war fr Hrer des Lehrinstituts obligat. Dr. Siegfried Bernfeld Schriftfhrer
IZP, XI, 1925, 505-506
Helene Deutsch Chair of the Vienna training institute till she emigrated to Boston/USA 1935
Sigmund Freud (1926e, 1927a): The Question of Lay Analysis
In the USA there was strong opposition to allowing non-physicians to practice psychoanalysis. Also in Vienna, there were different views on this issue. Freud strongly opposed the cooptation of psychoanalysis by medicine and even threatened to resigh as chair of the VPS, if the different positions within the Vienna Society would could no longer he reconciled. Freuds polemic text was the subject of heated debates in the International Journal for Psychoanalysis. * (1927, Jg. 13, Heft 2, 3) In this discussion our American colleagues have expressed the harshest dismissal of lay analysis. (Freud 1927a, GW, 295)
Sigmund Freud, 1926e
10th International Psychoanalytic Congress Innsbruck 1927 11th International Psychoanalytic Congress Oxford 1929 Question of Lay Analysis delegated to Commissions
1927
The congress asks the International Training Commission to elaborate a draft on terms of admission to training for psychoanalytic therapists [] and to submit it to the congress. Until then there should be no resolution on these matters. IZP
1929
10th IPA Kongress Innsbruck 1927
Since the subcommission appointed by the X. International Congress in Innsbruck to elaborate guidelines for training was unable to secure a common platform the ITC suggests to the Congress to allow a new subcommission [] to continue these efforts. IZP, XV, 1929, 542
Queens College, Oxfod
11th International Psychoanalytic Congress Oxford 1929 The Question of lay analysis
Dr. Eitingon submits the report to the ITC: Suggestion for establishing a new sub-commission Mme. Bonaparte (Paris), Dr. Brill (New York), Frau Dr. Deutsch (Vienna), Dr. Eitingon (Berlin), Dr. Ferenczi (Budapest), Anna Freud (Vienna), Dr. Jelliffe (New York), Dr. Jones (London), Dr. van Ophuijsen (The Hague), Dr. Sachs (Berlin), Dr. Sarasin (Basel). The resolution got accepted unanimously.
IZP, XV, 1929, 542
Over the next ten years the debate on a centrally controlled training dominated all discussions at the psychoanalytic congresses in Innsbruck, Oxford and Marienbad. (Bohleber 2010)
Mit Ausnahme von Dr. Jelliffe, von den kein Bild vorliegt, entspricht die Reihenfolge der Bilder der Reihung der Liste der IUK.
12th International Psychoanalytic Congress Wiesbaden 1932

Meeting of the International Training Commission Guidlines for acceptance and training of candidates Report of the Committee at the Oxford Congress V. Training. a) Analytic Training The analytic training program, which lasts at least three years, (...) I. Training analysis with a training analyst who has been approved by the training committee. II. Theoretical studies. Participation in the mandatory courses for two years, participation in seminars and working groups (...) III. Practical work. Two analyses under supervision lasting at least a year. b) Training in other subjects. (...)
Wiesbaden, Kranzplatz, Hotel Rose
VI. Foreign candidates. The members of the committee unanimously believe that no foreign candidate should be accepted to training without the prior approval of the training committee of the candidates own country. IZP, XIX, 1933, 253-256
Germany 1933 - NS-Terror Emigration of Jewish psychoanalysts Conformity of those who remained
Once the Nazis seized power repression against psychoanalysis, its institutions and above all its Jewish members The organizational policy of the German Psychoanalytical Society (DPG) always backed by the IPA sees to appease those in power by compromises and silence and to thus rescue psychoanalysis to better times. Self-portrayal as purely scientific organization and attempt to suppress political activities of members of the association - so as to not give any reason for dissolution of the DPG. Politically opposed and active patients were not to be accepted for analysis.
1933 incantation of fire oath on the square in front of the operas in Berlin in 1933. Fire oath, 4th chanter: Against the morally corrupt overestimation of instinctual life, for the nobility of the human soul! I give the writings of Sigmund Freudss school to the flames. (Text-version from the radio broadcast)
13th International Psychoanalytic Congress Luzern 1934 Psychoanalysis in Germany after 1933
Ernest Jones President of IPA President Dr. Ernest Jones opened the congress
Montag, August 27, at 9 a.m. with the following statement: (...)
This 13th congress is, however, taking place under circumstances in a time that for yet another reason is important to the history of psychoanalysis. At the last congress Dr. Eitingon spoke in his opening speech about the economic problems that made it necessary to postpone the congress for a year. At the time he could hardly predict the amazing political changes that would take place within just a few months or the destructive effect they would have on our working conditions. (...) It would be easy to submit an indignant protest about the way in which these political events have hampered our work and have disrupted the lives of our colleagues. However, taking such an approach would surely be senseless and perhaps even deleterious
Ernets Jones IPA president
IZP. XXI, 1935, 112-115
13th International Psychoanalytic Congress Luzern 1934 Plenarv meeting of the International Training Commission.
Dr. Deutsch makes the motion for creating a special committee that should address the subject of emigrating training analysts. The motion is accepted. The following were elected to the committee: Dr. Alexander, Dr. Brill, Mme. Bonaparte, Frau Dr. Deutsch, Dr. Jones, Dr. Sarasin and the three members of the board of the ITC.
IZP, XXI, 1935, 306-308
Luzern, Wagenbachbrunnen, Kongresshaus
Freud wrote to Eitingon Mrz 1933 die ungnstigen Zeiten zu berstehen
Max Eitingon resigned and emigrated to Palestine where he founded the Chewra Psychoanalytith b'Erez Israel in September 1933. Now there no one of Jewish background was left in the executive board of the German Psychoanalytic Society - DPG. The conformity went so far that in 1935 the remaining Jewish members of the DPG were asked to rescind their membership.
Freud - Eitingon Letters Ed.: Michael Schrter, 2004.
Report International Training Commsission Berlin Psychoanalytic Institut Number of Studends: 3rd Quarter 1929 till 2nd Quarter 1934
1-III 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 118 132 164 103 34
IV-VII 83 111 107 64 32
X-XII 116 153 222 138 39
IZP. XXI, 1935, 310-313
13th International Psychoanalytic Congress Luzern 1934

Report of the International Training Commission of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute The following have withdrawn resigned from teaching since September 1932: 1. Bernfeld (following the quarter OctoberDecember of 1932); 2. Steff Bornstein (after the summer quarter of 1933); 3. Eitingon (after the summer quarter of 1933); 4. Fenichel (after the summer quarter of 1933); 5. Hrnik (after the quarter of January March 1933); 6. Jeanne Lampl-de Groot (after the summer quarter of 1933); 7. Reik (after the quarter of OctoberDecember 1932); 8. Reich (after the quarter of January March 1933); 9. Simmel (after the summer quarter of 1933); 10. Staub (after the quarter of JanuaryMarch 1933). Das Ausscheiden von Alexander (1930), Rad (1931), Horney, Sachs aus der Dozentenschaft fllt vor die Berichtszeit. Remaining instructors: 11. Felix Boehm 12. Carl Mller-Braunschweig Newly added instructors: Kemper, Mette, Ada Mller-Braunschweig, v. Sydow (guest), Vowinckel. IZP, XXI, 1935, 310-313
Siegfried Bernfeld
Jeanne Lampl-de Groot Source: psychoanalytikerinnen.de
13th International Psychoanalytic Congress Luzern 1934 Statutes of the ITC on training institutes and teaching positions (Luzerner Statutes)
1. Providing psychoanalytic training is the tasks of the psychoanalytic training institutes that are recognized by the ITC and operate under its supervision. 2. The list of the training institutes currently recognized and supervised by the ITC reads as follows (in the order of their founding): Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute, Training Institute of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Institute of Psycho-Analysis, London, New York Psychoanalytic Institute, Neederlandsch Institut voor Psychoanalyse, Haag, Training Institute of the Hungarian Psychoanalytic Society, Budapest, Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago, Institut de Psychanalyse, Paris, Palestine Institut for Psychoanalysis, Jerusalem. [...] 5. The statutes or amendments suggested by the training institutes must be submitted to the ITC for approval. [...] 6. The training activity of the training institutions are generally governed by the International Guidelines for Training Activities set down by the ITC. [...] 8. Pursuant to prior written approval of the ITC affiliated associations or even individual members of the I.P.A. can establish a Psychoanalytic Training Center in places where there is no recognized psychoanalytic training institute. [...] IZP, XXI, 1935, 309
Luzern, Wagenbachbrunnen, Kongresshaus
1936: German Psychoanalytic Society (DPG) Secession from the IPA Revocation of the secession of the DPG from the IPA
May 13, 1936; Extraordinary General Assembly. [] All of the members who convened decided at the suggestion of the chairman following intense deliberations to unanimously announce to the president of the I.P.A. Dr Jones the secession of our society from the I.P.A. [] The question of membership of our members in the affiliated associations of the I.P.A. should be decided upon from case to case. Felix Boehm (secretary) IZP, XXII, 1936, 435
Felic Bhm
July 1, 1936: In a new discussion of the subject of the general assembly on May 13, the resolution of the German Psychoanalytic Society to secede from the International Psychoanalytic Association is recognized as being overly hasty. The chairman is asked to urge the I.P.A to revoke the secession. C. Mller Braunschweig (secretary general) IZP, XXIV, 1939, 213-214 The new German Institute for Psychology and Psychotherapy was established in May 1936, with the Psychoanalytic Association constituting one department. (Jones reporting retrospectively in Paris in 1938) IZP, XXIV, 1939, 367
Carl Mller-Braunschweig Quelle: dpg-psa.de
14th International Psychoanalytic Congress Marienbad 1936

President Dr. Ernest Jones opens the congress on Monday, 3 August, 9 a.m., with the following speech: At Christmas of the previous year the Jewish members had deemed it necessary to renounce their membership in the German Society. Making use of the privilege () given to me, I have granted all those who applied for it direct membership to the International Psychoanalytical Association. In spite of the relatively large number of people affected to create work possibilities for the more than the majority of emigrants.
IZP, XXIII, 1937, 164-166
Ernest Jones
Direct members of the IPA 1937 Barinbaum, Dr. Moses, Berlin N., Mllerstrae 182. Fromm, Erich, Int. Institute of Social Research, 429 West 117th Street New York,N. Y. Garma, Dr. Angel, 14 rue George Sand, Paris XVIe. Hnel-Guttmann, Dr. Irene, Berlin-Westend, Stormstrae 9. Happel, Dr. Clara, 8120 E. Jefferson Avenue, Indian Village Manor, Detroit, Mich. Hofe, Dr. Marie Kalau vom, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Jenaerstrae 7. Hoffmann, Dr. Jacob, c/o Prof. A. Marx, 100 Morningside Drive, New York, N. Y. Jacobssohn, Dr. Edith, Berlin W. 15, Emserstrae 39. Kempner, Dr. Salomea, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Gntzelstrae 13. Kluge, Walter, Berlin-Halensee, Albrecht-AchilIesstrae 2a. Koch, Dr. Adelheid, Caixa Postal 4164, Sao Paolo, Brazil. Kraft, Dr. Erich, Berlin N. 65, Reinickendorferstrae 1. Lewy, Dr. Ernst, Berlin-Neuklln, Bergstrae 132. Schneider-Lantos, Dr. Barbara, 2b Winchester Road, London N. W. 3. Simonson, Dr. Emil, Tel-Aviv, Ness Zionastreet 6, Palestine. IZP, XXIII, 1937, 582
14th International Psychoanalytic Congress Marienbad 1936 Report of the President of the International Training Commission
A motion made Dr. Rado that the I. U. K. should be divested of all formal duties and become a subcommittee of the congress without any statutory competence, which is only authorized to discuss issues related to teaching activities is unanimously rejected. IZP, XXIII, 1937, 186-188
Sandr Rad
14th International Psychoanalytic Congress Marienbad 1936 International Training Commission ITC
Report of the president of the ITC Dr. Eitingon
1. Psychoanalytic training was no longer to be the private initiative of individuals. 2. A candidates training must be backed by the collective efforts and the collective responsibility, at least that of the analytic group of the country in which the candidate resides. To this end, institutions were to be created in the respective countries; the guidelines of these institutions was (.) the same which is why it also strikes us as most expedient that the International Psychoanalytic Society puts down training guidelines on the basis of its entire authority. IZP, XXIII, 1937, 198f
Max Eitingon
15th International Psychoanalytic Congress Paris 1938
o o
Berggasse 1938 with the swastika
Dr. Ernest Jones, Persident: Opening Adress
Todays meeting stands under the sway of a new terrible blow that has been inflicted upon psychoanalysis, namely the dissolution of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. [] This new blow from the outside has hit a central, yes vital spot the mother of all psychoanalytic associations, the actual birthplace of psychoanalysis. That of all places in the world psychoanalysis should no longer be practiced in Vienna, is a thought that takes ones breath away. It will take a long time for us to get used to this idea. Jones reports that psychoanalysts from the entire world have joined ranks to master the difficult situation together [] Of the 102 analysts and candidates in Vienna there are only half a dozen left in this unfortunate city and we hope that they, too, will soon be able to leave. IZP, XXIV, 1939, 361-362 The Vienna Society is sill being seen as existing so as to secure the official membership of its members. IZP, XIV, 1939, 369
15th International Psychoanalytic Congress Paris 1938 Abolishment of the IPA Training Institutes in Vienna, Berlin, Rome, Prague
July 30, 1938: ITC - Plenary session report: Chair: Max Eitngon As a result of political developments we had to report the loss of three institutes last year: One after the other, the institutes in Vienna, Berlin and Rome were dissolved. Subsequently, the Prague working group, which was affiliated with Vienna was dissolved. IZP, XIV, 1939, 484 August 4, 1938: Report Ernest Jones The German society continues to lead its somewhat precarious existence. The new German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy was founded in May 1936. One section of it is the Psychoanalytic Society. IZP, XXIV, 1939, 366f November 19, 1938: Self-dissolution of the German Psychoanalytic Society Its former members were integrated into Working Group A of the German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy. (Brecht et al. 1985, 130)
Edoardo Weiss Societ Psicoanalitica Italiana
15th International Psychoanalytic Congress Paris 1938 Dossier of the American Psychoanalytical Association - APA Claim for: Abolishment of the Training Commission Abolishment of the Direct IPA Membership.
Ernst Jones reports to the congress on the APA dossier: Their goal is that the IPA was to no longer be an administrative and executive body. Instead it was to be devoted to only scientific objectives. It was said in even stronger terms that the International Training Commission as an administrative organization with executive powers was not only hardly desirable but also an institution only existing on paper. [...]
IPA Congress 1938 Paris Source: Archiv British Psycho-Analytical Society
Moreover, we were told that from now on no analyst living and practicing in the United States should have the option of becoming a direct member of the IPA or member of any foreign psychoanalytical association. They thus demand that at the next congress of the IPA a resolution be passed that direct membership not be applicable for persons living and practicing in the United States. IZP, XXIV, 1939, 365
15th International Psychoanalytic Congress Paris 1938 Dossier of the American Psychoanalytical Association - APA Claim for: Abolishment of the Training Commission Abolishment of the Direct IPA Membership.
Ernest Jones reports to the congress on the APA dossier continuation: If the congress were to yield to these reports then an amendment of statutes [...] would be necessary and at the same time it would also mean the revocation of the resolutions of the two last congresses on the further membership of political refugees from the German Reich.
IZP, XXIV, 1939, 365
The IPA is creating a negotiation committee to examine the relations between American Psychoanalytic Association and the International Psychoanalytical Association. Committee members: Edward Bibring, Marie Bonaparte, Anna Freud, Edward Glover, Ernest Jones.
IZP, XXIV, 1939, 368
Sigmund Freud with Marie Bonaparte arriving in Paris on June 4, 1938 Emigrating, on their way to London, stopping in Paris
At the end of my report I would like to mention that the International Association presently has 560 members, 30% of them in America. IZP, XXIV, 1939, 367
New balance of power

While the American groups still accounted for 20% of the IPA membership in the early 1930s, this percentage rose to almost 50% with the emigration that had been unleashed by the Nazis. The demand for abolishing the direct membership represented an immediate threat to the emigrants from Germany and Austria, since this status had ensured them a certain security ever since they had lost their membership in the affiliated associations. In order to win time James postponed the vote on these demands until the next congress. World War 2 prevents this from happening and during the this period the IPA ceased to function as an international organization. (Bohleber, 2010)
Ernest Jones
APsaA: Large-scale autonomy as of 1948

The Americans took advantage of the void to reorganize themselves on their own. Psychoanalytic training was only open for doctors with psychiatric training. Lay analysts were not permitted to become members, with the exception of a very few prominent analysts such as Peter Blos, Erik Erikson, Ernst Kris and Robert Wlder. 1932: Transformation to a Federation of American Psychoanalytican Societies. 1942: Transformation to an association of component societies/institutes This marked the beginning of an almost 50-year split of the Americans from the rest of the IPA in matters of training. In 1948 a meeting took place in London between delegates of the American Psychoanalytical and members of the British Society, which now for all purposes represented the IPA. The result was gentlemans agreement, in which the autonomy of the American Association was for the most part sealed and all of ist recommendations of 1938 were de facto accepted. It assumed the complete control of training in the USA. The IPV was no longer responsible for this. (Bohleber, 2010)
USA / APA: Ban on Lay Analysis Psychoanalytic associations outside of the APA also trained non-doctors.
The formal codification of the new status of the American Association within the IPV, however, dragged on until the congress in Stockholm in 1963. The American Association obtained a regional status with the exclusive right to determine training itself within its region. However, even with this solution the situation in the USA remained unclear, as a sort of gray market had been created for psychoanalytic training of psychologists who organized themselves within their own psychoanalytic societies outside the purview of the IPA. (Bohleber, 2010)
IPA-Congresses Stockholm 1963. Program. Source: Archiv British Psycho-Analytical Society
End of the international training commission. Instead: 1965: Introduction of a preliminary conference on training matter meeting during the IPA congresses till 1981. 1983: Introduction of a training analyst conference. It continues to exist to this day.
Program IPA-Congresses i iAmsterdam 1965. Source: Archiv British Psycho-Analytical Society
IPA Conferences concerning Psychoanalytic Training Pre-Congresses of the IPA-Congresses 1965 - 1981
Year
1965
Town
Amsterdam 24
IPA Congress Subject

Psychoanalytic Treatment of the Obsessional Neuroses On Acting out and its Role in the Psychoanalytic Process New Delelopments in Psychoanalysis 1
Subject of the Pre-Congresses 1965 - 1981

Probleme der Lehranalyse Die Beurteilung von Bewerbern um die psychoanalytische Ausbildung Supervision / Kontrollanalyse Die Beurteilung des Ausbildungsfortschritts Der Lehranalytiker und die Schwierigkeiten in der Lehranalytischen Situation: Schwierigkeiten von Seiten der Lehrinstitution, des Lehranalytikers und des Kandidaten Der Beitrag der Kinderanalyse zur Ausbildung in Erwachsenen-Analysen Prinzipien, Ziele und Verfahren der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung an unseren verschiedenen Instituten Der Einfluss der psychotherapeutischen Theorie und Praxis auf die psychoanalytische Ausbildung Auswahl und Funktion des Lehranalytikers
1967 Kopenhagen 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
25
Rom
26
Wien
27
The Psychoanalytic Concept of Agression
Paris
28
Tranference and Hysteria Today Changes in Psychoanalytic Practice and Experience: Affects and the Psychoanalytic Situation
London
29
Jerusalem
30
New York
31
Clinical Issues in Psychoanalysis Early Psychic Development as Reflected in the Psychoanalytic Process
Helsinki
32
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1
IPA Pre-Congresses Concerning Psychoanalytic Training 1965-1981:

Probleme der Lehranalyse Phyllis Greenacre (New York): ber Probleme der Lehranalyse Die Beurteilung von Bewerbern um die psychoanalytische Ausbildung Brian Bird (Cleveland): ber die Kandidatenauswahl und ihre Beziehung zur Analyse Paula Heimann (London): Die Beurteilung von Bewerbern um die psychoanalytische Ausbildung Heinz Kohout (Chicago): Die Beurteilung von Bewerbern um die psychoanalytische Ausbildung Kenneth T. Calder (New York): Wie psychoanalytische Institute Bewerber beurteilen: Antworten auf eine Umfrage Supervision / Kontrollanalyse E. C. M. Frijling-Schreider (Amsterdam): ber die individuelle Kontrollanalyse Leon Grinberg (Buenos Aires): Die Probleme der Supervision in der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung Serge Lebovici (Paris): Technische Bemerkungen ber die Kontrolle psychoanalytischer Behandlungen Albert J. Solnit (New Haven): Lernen aus der psychoanalytischen Supervision Emanule Windholz (San Francisco): Die Theorie der Supervision in der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung Die Beurteilung des Ausbildungsfortschritts Leo Stone (New York): Die Beurteilung des Ausbildungsfortschritts Victor Calef: Konferenzbericht Der Lehranalytiker und die Schwierigkeiten in der Lehranalytischen Situation: Schwierigkeiten von Seiten der Lehrinstitution, des Lehranalytikers und des Kandidaten Adam Limentani (London): Der Lehranalytiker und die Schwierigkeiten in der Lehranalytischen Situation Arnold Z. Pfeffer (New York): Die Schwierigkeiten des Lehranalytikers in der Lehranalyse Der Beitrag der Kinderanalyse zur Ausbildung in Erwachsenen-Analysen Zusammenfassung: Robert S. Wallerstein (San Francisco) Kommentar: Calvin F. Settlage (San Francisco) Informeller Bericht: Mario M. Montessori (Amsterdam) Prinzipien, Ziele und Verfahren der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung an unseren verschiedenen Instituten Evelyne Kerstemberg (Paris): Auf der Suche nach einer philosophischen Dimension von berlegungen zur Psychoanalytikerausbildung Robert S. Wallerstein (San Francisco): Betrachtungsweisen der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung in aller Welt Shelley Orge (Norwalk): Bericht Der Einfluss der psychotherapeutischen Theorie und Praxis auf die psychoanalytische Ausbildung Otto F. Kernberg (New York): Soll man in der psychoanalytischen Ausbildung psychotherapeutische Techniken lehren oder nicht? Joseph Sandler (Jerusalem): Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie. Das Dilemma des Lehranalytikers. Leo Stone (New York): Der Einfluss der psychotherapeutischen Praxis und Theorie auf die psychoanalytische Ausbildung. Robert S. Wallerstein (San Francisco): Ausbildung in Psychotherapie und Psychoanalyse: Die Fragen. David Zimmermann (Porto Allegre): Eine Ansicht aus Sdamerika Shelley Orgel (New York): Zusammenfassung / Daniel Widlcher (Frankreich): Beobachtungen Auswahl und Funktion des Lehranalytikers Bo Larsson (Nacka, Schweden): Auswahl und Funktion des Lehranalytikers Edward M. Weinshel (San Francisco): Die Funktion der Lehranalyse und die Auswahl des Lehranalytikers Shelley Orgel (New York): Auswahl und Funktion des Lehranalytikers an nordamerikanischen Instituten Anne-Marie Sandler (Jerusalem): Auswahl und Funktion des Lehranalytikers in Europa Leao Cabernite (Rio de Janeiro): Auswahl und Funktion des Lehranalytikers an analytischen Lehrinstituten in Lateinamerika
1967
1969
1971 1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
Year
Town
1983 - 2010 Training Analyst-Conferences / Subject
1983
Madrid
1 Spezielle Konflikte des Lehranalytikerdaseins
Die Beendigung der Lehranalyse: Prozess - Erwartungen Was erreicht wurde. 1985 Hamburg 2 1. Die Sicht des Analytikers / 2. Die Sicht des Analysanden / 3. Die Sicht des Instituts
1987
Monreal
Der Loyalittskonflikt des Lehranalytikers in seiner Verantwortung fr 3 den Analysanden als Patienten und fr die Psychoanalyse und ihre Zukunft
1989
Rome
4 Was macht die Lehranalyse gut genug?
1985: Litigation against the APsaA and for lay analysis
In 1985 psychoanalytic associations unaffiliated with the IPA began litigation against the American Psychoanalytic Association and the IPA, which finally ended with an agreement in 1988. Now the American Association also allowed non-physicians to receive training in its institutes and rescinded its exclusive right that no other IPA association was allowed to exist in the USA.
NY Freudian Society
Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research
Subsequently, several of these independent psychoanalytic associations such as the IPTAR ort the Freudian Society joined the IPA as affiliated associations. (Bohleber, 2010)
The End of the Eitingon Model as the only IPA Standard The Latin American Demand for Pluralism in Training.
The Eitingon Modell with 4- to 5-hour training and control analyses continued to be the official model of the IPV. However, already the French and Swiss training system deviated from it, which was in a sense semi-accepted by the IPV under a grandfathers clause. A Standing Committee on Psychoanalytic Education (COMPSED), which was established in 1987, was to develop binding guidelines that would be valid for all affiliated associations. However, this committee, too, was unable to come up with acceptable solutions. A further committee (TRAMPE) was also unsuccessful in doing this. In 1999 the presidents of the Latin American associations demanded in a letter they jointly wrote to the IPV that the affiliated associations be accorded the right to introduce a certain flexibility in the training standards. This triggered once again a long-winded discussion with the positive outcome that at the congress 2005 in Rio de Janeiro the IPA for the first time officially acknowledged that there was pluralism of training models among its members, several of which no longer fit under the umbrella of the Eitington model. (Bohleber, 2010)
Otto Kernberg IPA president 1997-2001
Federacin Psicoanaltica de Amrica Latina
Education Committee Report 2006 Shmuel Erlich, Chair, IPA Education Committee Eitingon Model
Tri-partite model accepted.
To become an analyst requires personal analysis, didactic curriculum & supervised analytic experience. Personal analysis is an integral component of training and within its auspices. One's experience in the personal analysis is seen as linked to what one would be ready and able to experience when conducting analysis.
A. Personal analysis aims at dealing with defense structures, overcoming resistances, exposing & analyzing neurotic transferences, infantile material, gaining conviction about primitive mental states, de-idealizing analyst and the profession. This requires as intensive an immersion as possible in personal analysis, preferably 4-5 times a week. Similarly, candidate's experience in conducting analysis should also be as intensive as possible, i.e., 4-5 times a week. The capacity for continued self-analysis is an ideal, hoped for goal. Candidate needs to develop sustained courage for this. B. Immersion criteria: Numerical standards exist, but it is doubtful how useful they are for evaluating individual growth. Criteria should be more individualized. C. Best tool for evaluating readiness to graduate is collective opinion of supervisors who discuss it together.
Shmuel Erlich, 2004 Quelle Internationale Pychoanalyse 13, 1, Juni 2004
D. In Europe: Required presentation of a case to some forum (training analysts, another institute, a committee) that evaluates and votes. In USA: Some institutes require final case presentation, most probably do not.
Education Committee Report 2006 Shmuel Erlich, Chair, IPA Education Committee French Model
Personal analysis, while extremely important, is strictly outside the boundaries of the training. There is no "training analysis" and no "training analyst". Personal analysis can be with any IPA Member (in one society this includes candidates). It is a most important step in clarifying and working out one's motivation to become an analyst.
A. Personal analysis goes on before admission to training. Frequency is not determined extrinsically but intrinsically (usually 3-4 times a week) between analyst and analysand (future candidate), depends on clinical indications. B. Admission interview assesses quality of analytical process undergone. Criteria emphasize unconscious contents and dynamics, e.g., flexibility of mental functioning, Oedipus, passivity & bisexuality, Apres-Coup, infantile neurosis, introjection of analytic function, negative capacity, etc. C. Defense analysis is considered "too psychotherapeutic". D. Supervision is what makes the candidate an analyst. Emphasis is on deep analytic listening to patient material, and that of the candidate. E. Supervisor plays essential and equal part in evaluation and validation s/he presents the case to evaluating group. F. Only full members can do supervision.
Education Committee Report 2006 Shmuel Erlich, Chair, IPA Education Committee
A. Personal analysis considerable immersion required in terms of length: 3 1/2 years prior to admission (with an IPA analyst), and another 5 years (concurrent with duration of training) after starting Institute (with analyst member of Personal Analysis Group). B. Allows for full immersion and regression within personal analytic setting, and for mature functioning vis--vis institution.
Uruguayan Model
C. Frequency is at a minimum of 3 times a week, with periods of greater intensity and regression of up to 5 times a week. [...[ D. Analyst informs Institute of start of analysis and then only if analysis is terminated unilaterally during training. E. Evaluation done on basis of written notes of seminars; written sessions of supervision; a (master thesis) of a case analysis with theoretical elaboration. Final evaluation by teaching committee, based on entire record, presented and discussed to entire Institute when candidate grants permission. [...] Educational process seminars, courses and supervision modeled after free academic or university model: periodic written work is required and evaluated; candidates enjoy wide choice of seminars and leaders. Institute recognized in 2003 as university postgraduate psychoanalytic institute. Final graduation paper equivalent of MA Thesis.
Concern over and reaction to previous concentration of power. An attempt to make training more free and equitable. Transparency and equality of different functions and groups involved in training.
International Congress in New Orleans 2007 3 IPA-Training Models
Following long deliberations the IPV in 2007 finally recognized three different training models, das Eitingon Modell, das franzsische und das uruguayiansche Modell. The affiliated associations were granted the right to select one of these models as one that would be binding for them.
Cludio Laks Eizirik IPA president 2007
While the IPV would like to maintain its supervisory competence regarding the standards of training, many affiliated associations have misgivings about any type of central authority. (Bohleber, 2010)

IPA Psychoanalytic Training - Standards

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work in progress International Psychoanalytical Association - IPA 1910-2010 About Beginning of International Recognition International Psychoanalytic Congresses 1908-1918

September 2010 / July 2011

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Sigmund Freud Introducory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis

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In 1902 a circle of students forms around Freud

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Psychoanalysis in Zurich In 1907 the situation changed all at once ...

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Zurich: Door to the World

Karl Abraham 1910 Psa. Society Berlin

Abraham A. Brill 1911 New York Psa. Society

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Zurich: Bridge to the University

Burghlzli, end of 19.th century

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Zurich: Bridge to the New World 1909 Clark University: Invitation

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1911: First Courses for Psychoanalysis in Vienna

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Speaker Dr. Viktor Tausk.

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First activities in Berlin

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First teaching activities in Budapest

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Freud, Sigmund Freud (1916-17a): Introducory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis. SE XV, XVI.

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Vienna: Resumption of teaching after the end of the war

neurologist Dr. Victor Tausk,

He is presently teaching an introduction course,

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Herzstation, Pelikangasse, Vienn IX. Morning: Cardiology / afternoon: Psychoanalysis

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1922: First Training Courses at the Vienna Outpatient Clinic

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John Rickman No ordinary psychoanalyst. Exceptional contributions. Karnac, 2003.

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Max Eitingon. Source: Festschrift 10 Years of the Berlin Institute

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9th International Psychoanalytic Congress Bad Homburg 1925

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Clarence Oberndorf Source: pep-web

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On the Issue of Lay Analysis in Vienna

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1925?)

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Sigmund Freud (1926e, 1927a): The Question of Lay Analysis

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Queens College, Oxfod

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12th International Psychoanalytic Congress Wiesbaden 1932