CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
This paper presents you a clear knowledge about monitoring a patient,when he/she is under some medical emergency.In this paper we use the technology of zig bee which is now mostly used over a wide range network data transmission. In the current status of our technology we are using a simple technology,where we can get only the information about the patient where he/she is being diagonised,but regarding our technique we are using zig bee network. Sensors hold the key role in this mechanism,here we are using temperature sensors and heart rate sensors to identify the the condition of the patient.Another important parameter of our topic is the GSM modem which is now mostly used all over the world,this modem s used to send an alert to the supervisor or even doctor about the abnormality of the patient,where he/she can be provided certain tips or even some medical assistance to save his life.

CHAPTER -2 EXISTING METHODS

EXISTING SYSTEM

In the previous system of this patient monitoring there exist a lot of data to be stored,a lot of confusion about the patients condition and it is a much time consumption process.in the previous vesion of this mode of technique there were only wired networks being used there by which it is only applicable for a confined area. As mentioned earlier thse techniques were performed only manually a by a operator,as a result of which it consumes a lot of time.it only sigs up the alert but not the mode of priority regarding the patient as a result of which a patient may even lead to death.This version of an existing system thus only a time consuming device with less priority to patient. DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM Manual operation Time consumption is more

CHAPTER-3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this system, Wireless technologies are used to rapidly exchange images, data, audio, and other information between remote locations. These technologies are currently being applied to improve healthcare around the world. For implementing a health monitoring system, first of all, devices that measure patient's physiological signal should be needed. The mobile system such as PDA receives physiological data from wearable sensor devices. One user's health monitoring system has a few ZigBee devices to measure one user's physiological data. Even if there are a lot of ZigBee devices nearby, the communication should be accepted between only one user's ZigBee devices. So, the access control should be implemented because there can be a lot of ZigBee devices nearby. We propose the device access control mechanism. The physiological data must not be lost but a wireless communication such as ZigBee can lose a data. So, this paper proposes the reliable data transmission not to lose a physiological data in Zigbee based health monitoring system.

3.1 Patient Section:

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BioSensor 1 Micro Controller Unit

ZigBee Devices

Signal Conversion unit

BioSensor 2

Figure 3.1 3.2 Health Care Provider System:

Power Supply Unit

Zigbee Module

Serial Communicati on (RS-232)

Figure 3.2

CHAPTER-4 FLOW DIAGRAM

4.1 Robot section:

8

4.2 Doctor section:

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CHAPTER 5 BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCKDIAGRAM

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5.1 Remote monitoring section

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5.2 Block Description

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The robot includes PIR sensor for monitoring human movements, Reader for reading patients ID and Bio sensors for tracking patient health conditions.

Here each patient is provided with unique ID, which includes patients details. The unit commands the patient to do some corresponding actions for gathering their health conditions. After acquiring certain parameters, it will be transferred to the doctor server room with patient ID. When patient enters the doctors room, the patients ID is detected and the corresponding page with patient details are displayed in the pc.

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CHAPTER-6 HARDWARE SECTION

Hardware Components:
Power supply
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 Microcontroller Temperature sensor Heartbeat Sensor RF Module Wireless communication module

6.1 Power Supply Circuit

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D J 2 1 2 2 0 V P 2 2 -

V +4 1 V GND VI NO U 7 2 8 2 0 U 5 T R 2 2

D V 4 F

D D D

A 3

C 4

C 6 u 1 F 0 0

C 7 0 u . F1 D

6.2 Description:
The operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by rectifying the AC voltage, then filtering to a DC level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator Unit, which takes a DC voltage and provides a somewhat lower DC voltage, which remains the same even if the input DC voltage varies, or the output Load connected to the DC voltage changes.

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6.3 Microcontroller: Need of Microcontroller:

A microcontroller (also MCU or C) is a functional computer system-on-achip. It contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output.

About Microcontroller:
PIC16F877A microcontroller is used for this project It is 8-bit Microcontroller System is RISC Architecture It has Small set of Instruction set It has 35-Instructions only Compatibility: avail 28/40 Pin ICs

Microcontroller overview:
Operating Speed Max 20 MHz, Voltage-(2-5.5)v
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 Memory: Flash Program RAM 8Kx14 Words, 368 Bytes,

EEPROM Data Memory 256 Bytes Low power, High speed Flash/EEPROM Technology

Features of Microcontroller:
It has 5 Ports for Internal and External usage It has on chip Timers. 3 Timers are avail It has in built Analog to Digital Converter In built Multiplexer availability for signal Selection It has serial as well as Parallel Communication facilities In built Capture, Compare and Pulse width modulation

6.4 RF Module
6.4.1 RF TRANSMITTER:
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 The transmitter output is up to 8mW at 433.92MHz with a range of approximately few meters It accepts both linear and digital inputs It can operate from 1.5 to 12 Volts-DC It is approximately the size of a standard postage stamp

HT-12E ENCODER: Features:

Operating voltage:2.4V~12V for the HT12E
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Low power and high noise immunity

CMOS technology Minimum transmission words of 4 words for the HT12E Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Data code has positive polarity Minimal external components HT12E: 18-pin DIP/20-pin SOP package

6.4.2 RF RECEIVER:
It also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV.

It operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC. It has both linear and digital outputs.
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HT12D DECODER:
Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology Low standby current
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 Capable of decoding 12 bits of information Binary address setting Received codes are checked 3 times Address/Data number combination HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Valid transmission indicator Easy interface with an RF transmission medium Minimal external components Pair with Holtek's 212 series of encoders

18-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP package .

6.5 Serial communication: PIC microcontroller and write the code to initialize the USART and use it to send and receive data.
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 Data you need to transmit and it will do the rest.

It transmits data at standard speeds of 9600,19200 bps etc. the data to one of the registers of USART and your done, you are free to do other things while USART is transmitting the byte. USART automatically senses the start of transmission of RX line and then inputs the whole byte and when it has the byte it informs you(CPU) to read that data from one of its registers.

The advantage of hardware USART is that you just need to write

USART pins inPIC16f877A:

The USART always transmits data on pin RC6/TX The USART always receives data on pin RC7/RX The RS-232 standard defines lots of other signals other than TX and RX used for handshaking.

MAX232:

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D C

11

16

VC C

R T C 2 1 0 X

1 3 I N 8 R 1 I N 1 1 R 2 I N 1 0 T 1 I N T 2 I N 1 3 4 5 6 C C C C V 4 + 1 2 2 + M A

R R T T

1 2

1 2

O O O O 3 2

1 2 9U T 1U 4 T 7U T T U T

V+

R 2 O U T

X 2

C 3 1 0

6.6 Sensors:
Temperature Sensor: The temperature sensor are precision integrated-circuit, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature and the values are given in the corresponding voltages.

Heart beat Sensor:

The skin may be illuminated with visible (red) or infrared LEDs using transmitted or reflected light for detection. The very small changes in
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15 F

GN D

reflectivity or in transmittance caused by the varying blood content of human tissue are almost invisible. Valid pulse measurement therefore requires extensive preprocessing of the raw signal.

Tools Used:
MPLAB IDE tool PICKIT 2 Programmer Kit Orcad Design tool (Layout) Languages used: Embedded C

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CHAPTER - 7 ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

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 Low cost and compact system Monitoring is easy High reliability Fast and long way operation

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CHAPTER - 8 FUTURE SCOPE

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30

CHAPTER - 9 CONCLUSION

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32

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX Program: #include<pic.h>

#include<stdio.h> #include"delay.c"

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__CONFIG(0x3f72); unsigned char temp,HB; void temp(); void Heartbeat(); void Serial_init(void); void main() { Serial_init(); TRISA=0xff; ADCON1=0x00; DelayMs(10); putch(0x0c); while(1) { temp(); Heartbeat(); printf(" Temparature and Heart beat value is :%d \r",temp,HB); DelayMs(250); DelayMs(250); } }
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void temp() { ADCON0=0x41; DelayMs(1); ADGO=1; while(ADGO==1); temp =ADRESH; } void Heartbeat() { ADCON0=0x49; DelayMs(1); ADGO=1; while(ADGO==1); Heart beat =ADRESH; } void Serial_init() { TRISC=0xc0; TXSTA=0x24; SPBRG=64; RCSTA=0x90; TXIF=1; } void putch(unsigned char data)
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{ while(TXIF==0); TXREG=data; }

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APPENDIX B

SCREEN SHOTS

MPLAB IDE:

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ORCAD Design:

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REFERENCES
[1] ZigBee Specifications v1.0
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[2] Designing with 802.15.4 and ZigBee, Presentation Slides, available on ZigBee.org [3] ZigBee Tutorial, http://www.tutorial-reports.com/wireless/zigbee [4] IEEE 802.15.4 Specification [5] Network Layer Overview, Presentation Slides, Ian Marsden, Embedded Systems Show, Birmingham, October 12th, 2006, 064513r00ZB_MG_Network_Layer_Overview.pdf, available on ZigBee.org [6] Designing a ZigBee Network, Presentation Slides, David Egan, Ember Corporation ESS 2006, Birmingham, 064516r00ZG_MG_Network_Design.pdf, available on ZigBee.org [7] ZigBee Architecture Overview, Presentation Slides, Oslo, Norway June 2005, ZigBee_Architecture_and_Specifications_Overview.pdf, available on ZigBee.org [8] Low Power Consumption Features of the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee LRWPAStandard,http://www.cens.ucla.edu/sensys03/sensys03-callaway.pdf [9] ZigBee Home Automation Mobile from Pantech, http://www.i4u.com/article2561.html [10] Basic Lecture - ZigBee http://www.korwin.net/eng/infor/info_zb_01.asp [11] Introduction to the ZigBee Application Framework, Presentation Slides, ZigBee Open House, San Jose, June 15th, 2006, 053340r06ZB_AFG-Overview-ZigBee-Open-House.pdf, available on ZigBee.org

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