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In the name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful

Lab 03 Diode Applications using Multisim

Prepared By: Aidil Shafiza Safiee shafiza@ump.edu.my Telephone Ext: 3367, Hand phone: 013-7721657 Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, UMP Lab Instructor Aidil Shafiza Safiee Lab Location MAKMAL MEKATRONIK FKP, UMP Lab Objectives By the end of this lab, students should be able to use Multisim to: 1. recognize AC voltage 2. build half-wave rectifier 3. build full-wave rectifier 4. build simple filter Group Information

2 0

Student ID 1 2 3 4 5

Student Names

Section

1.0

Diode

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Diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in only one direction. By allowing current to flow in one direction, diode can be used in many applications. In this lab, we are going to experiment with two different diode applications: half-wave rectifier and full-wave rectifier. Then, we will experiment with capacitor to further rectify the signals. However, since this experiments deal with AC signal, we will first study AC signal and transformer. 2.0 Experiment 01 AC Signal and Transformer

AC signal is a time dependent signal source voltage and current sources that vary with time. Our household power supply actually delivers an AC signal in sinusoidal form. Approximately it is given by:

v(t ) = 297 cos(50t )

The equation above indicates that our household supply peak voltage is 297 volts, peak-topeak voltage is 594 volts, RMS voltage is 210V (peak voltage divide by 2 ) and line frequency is 50 Hz. In our first experiment, we will do modeling using Multisim simulation software of household supply voltage goes through a transformer and by doing that hopefully we will recognize the AC voltage characteristics, observe the function of a transformer and get familiar with Multisim operation. Before we start let us recall our memory on transformer function theory:

N sec V sec = Npri Vpri

Nsec/Npri is called turn ratio, where normally defined as the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to the number of turns in the primary winding (Secondary-to-Primary turns ratio). However in real application, you might be see some parties defined turn ratio as Npri/Nsec (Primary-to-Secondary turns ratio) because there is no universal agreement on how the turns ratio is defined. So please dont be confuse, you only need to invert the equation above. Yes, as simple as that! In Multisim software you will find this scenario when you setting transformer parameter. Turn ratio is defined as Primary-to-Secondary turns ratio. For this experiment we will set our turn ratio to 25. Equipment and Components

1. 2.
3. 4.

AC power supply Step-down Transformer Oscilloscope Connecting cables

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Experiment Steps

1.

In Multisim environment, build the circuit according to the circuit diagram below. Key in the following parameters: AC Source Voltage (Pk): 297 V Turns ratio : 24.75 Frequency: 50 Hz Other parameters left as default Channel A Scale : 10V/Div Transformer Oscilloscope Timebase : 10ms/Div

Oscilloscope
XSC1 G A B T

Transformer
T1

V1

AC Source

2.

Observe the transformer output voltage at Channel A. Draw the time plot of the voltage.

3.

Fill-up the following table.

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Peak Voltage (volt) Source Voltage (Transformer input voltage) Transformer Output Voltage 297

Peak-toPeak Voltage (volt) 594

RMS Voltage

Frequency (Hz)

Period (milisecond ) 20

210

50

4.

Let say our transformer has 50 turns in secondary winding, how many turns it has at primary winding?

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5.

What is the function of a transformer? State one property that is unchanged between the input and the output of a transformer.

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5
3.0 Experiment 02: Half-wave Rectifier In this experiment, we will study the function of a diode. We will build what is called a halfwave rectifier circuit. By the end of the experiment, hopefully we will understand the behavior of a diode. Equipment and Components 1. AC power supply Step-down Transformer Oscilloscope Connecting cables Diode IN4007 Resistor 1 k-ohm as load

2.
3. 4.

5. 6.

Experiment Steps

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1.

In Multisim environment, build the circuit according to the circuit diagram below. Measure the load voltage to channel 1. All parameters are same as experiment 01.
Oscilloscope
XSC1 G A B T

Transformer
T1

D1

V1

AC Source

1kohm

2.

Draw the time plot of the voltage for only one cycle.

3.

What can you conclude about diode from the above results?

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4.

Why the peak voltage of the load is smaller than the voltage from the transformer output?

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________

5.

If we want to obtain negative have-wave signals (instead of positive half), suggest the new circuit by drawing the circuit below? Explain your suggestion.

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4.0

Experiment 03: Full-wave Rectifier

In this experiment, we will use diodes to rectify the whole cycle of sinusoidal wave. Equipment and Components 1. AC power supply Step-down Transformer Oscilloscope Connecting cables Four Diode IN4007 Resistor 1 k-ohm as load

2.
3. 4.

5. 6.

Experiment Steps

1.

In Multisim environment, build the circuit according to the circuit diagram below. Observe carefully the direction for each diode. Measure the load voltage.
Oscilloscope
XSC1 G A B T

Transformer
T1

D1

V1

AC Source

D3 D4

D2
1kohm

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2.

Draw the time plot of the load voltage.

3.

What is the peak voltage? Why it is lower than the half-wave rectifier circuit? Explain your answer.

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4.

Draw the circuit and show (use arrow) how the current flow through the circuit for the negative part of the sinusoidal input.

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5.0

Experiment 04: Filter

In this experiment, we will make the signal smooth by filtering the full-wave obtained previously. By smoothing, we mean to convert AC signal to DC signal. We will use a capacitor in parallel with the load and observe the voltage across the load. Equipment and Components 1. AC power supply Step-down Transformer Oscilloscope Connecting cables Diode IN4007 Electrolyte capacitor 220 F , 100 F Resistor 1 k-ohm as load

2.
3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

Experiment Steps

1.

In Multisim environment, build the circuit according to the circuit diagram below. As usual, measure the load voltage.
Transformer
T1 D1

Oscilloscope
XSC1 A

V1

AC Source

D3 D4

D2

C1

1kohm

B G T

2.

Draw the time plot of the load voltage.

3.

What is the function of a capacitor?

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4.

If we want to further smooth the signal (meaning less ripples), should we use bigger or smaller capacitor? Explain your answer.

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5
Thats all folks! Thank you for learning!

References

1.

Giorgio Rizzoni, 2004. Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, Revised Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill Inc.

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