Observation Result

no Observation Result
Reaction and
Hyphotesis
Conclusion
1.
O Test tube I
KSCN Fe(NO
3
)
3

Color : clear red










O Test tube II
KSCN Fe(NO
3
)
3
3
drops oI KSCN
Color : clear red ()




O Test tube III
KSCN Fe(NO
3
)
3
3
drops oI Fe(NO
3
)
3

Color : clear red ()





O Test tube IV
KSCN Fe(NO
3
)
3
1
grain oI NaH
2
PO
4

color : clear red turn to
be colorness
3 KSCN Fe(NO
3
)
3
KNO
3
Fe(SCN)
3

Color : dark red because
oI the exist oI Fe.









In 2nd tube, the color is
dark red (). Reaction
shiIt to product.





In 3rd tube, the color is
dark red (). Reaction
shiIt to product.






In 4th tube, the solution is
colorness. NaH2PO4 here
as 'disturber which shiIt
the reaction to reactant.


This experiment shows
the inIluence oI
concentration to the
equilibrium which can
be seen Irom the changes
oI color in each tube.
The color obtained is
diIIerent with hyphotesis
because oI the use little
concentration oI KSCN
that is 0,002M and
Fe(NO
3
)
3
that is 0,1 M.

Color : clear red ()
Reaction shiIt to product







Color : clear red ()
Reaction shiIt to product.








color : clear red turn to
be colorness
NaH2PO4 here as
'disturber which shiIt
the reaction to reactant.








2.
O Test tube I
The color oI K
2
Cr
2
O
7
solution is orange




O Test tube II
Orange K
2
Cr
2
O
7

solution droped by 10
drops oI NaOH,
Cr
2
O
7
2-
), aIter that,
droped by 10 drops oI
HCl, the solution color
return to be orange.
O Test tube I
The color oI K
2
Cr
2
O
7
solution is orange




O Test tube II
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
NaOH
CrO
4
2-
H
2
O
Color : yellow (CrO
4
2-
)
Added HCl
CrO
4
2-
HCl
H CrO
4
-

Cr
2
O
7
2-
H
2
O
Color return to be orange
(Cr
2
O
7
2-
)
Reaction happened is
netralisazion.
O Here, there are some
changes oI color in
the solution because
oI the add oI acid and
base, which is the
result is

O In 2nd test tube, the
color become yellow.
O From 2nd test tube
orange solution
added by NaOH, the
color change to be
yellow( because the
exist oI CrO
4
2-
), iI it
added by HCl, the
solution color return
to be orange( because
the exist oI Cr
2
O
7
2-
).

3.
O MgCl
2
NH
4
OH
Solution
became turbid,
indicating the
Iormation oI white
precipitate Mg(OH )
2



O MgCl
2
NH
4
OH
The solution is turbid
and Iormed precipitate
aIter added by NH
4
Cl,
the precipitate slow
down lost.
O 1 st MgCl
2
Test tube
MgCl
2
2 NH
4
OH
OH)
2
2 NH
4
Cl
White precipitate Iormed



O 2nd MgCl
2
test tube
the precipitate slow
down lost
O It Iits with
the hyphotesis that
is Iormed a
white precipitate.
Equilibrium is shiIted
towards the product.

O This experiment
shows the inIluence
oI concentration and
volume to the
equilibrium
O It Iits with
the hyphotesis that is
aIter added by
NH
4
OH Iormed
precipitate then added
by NH
4
Cl the
precipitate lost.
Reaction shiIt to
reactant



4.
NaNO
3
solution
added by 5 drops oI
H
2
SO
4
and 5 drops oI
saturated FeSO
4
. The
color oI that solution
is dark yellow, aIter
dropped by 20 drops
oI saturated H
2
SO
4

through test tube wall,
Iormed a brown circle
in the middle oI
solution.
Added by H
2
SO
4
and
saturated FeSO
4
, NaNO
3

solution larutan become
dark yellow.
2 NaNO
3
FeSO
4

H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3

2 NO 4 H
2
O
Na
2
SO
4

Added by saturated
H
2
SO
4
Iormed brown
ring
2 NO
3-
4 H
2
O 6 Fe
2

6 Fe
3
2 NO
4 SO
4
2-
4 H
2
O

Fe
2
NO
eO)]
2+

eO)]
2+
is the
complex ion compound
that Iormed brown ring.

The brown ring is
Iormed by eO)]
2+

Which is a complex
compound
5.
Pb(NO
3
)
2
solution is
added by 2 drops oI
H
2
SO
4
, the solution
clor become turbid oI
Iormed white
precipate, aIter added
by 2 drops oI
alchohol, the
Pb(NO
3
)
2
H
2
SO
4
PbSO
4
2 HNO
3

Formed white precipitate
oI PbSO
4
. The solution
is heated then White
precipitate in the bottom
oI test tube is dissolved
again, aIter it cooled, the
O This experiment
shows that
equilibrium is
inIluenced by
temperature.
O Reaction shiIt to the
endoterm reaction
(reactant) when the
solution heated.
precipitate down to
the bottom oI tes tube.
AIter that, the solution
is heated. White
precipitate in the
bottom oI test tube is
dissolved again, then
it cooled, the
precipitate is Iormed
again that is
precipitate oI PbSO
4

precipitate is Iormed
again
AH PbSO
4
-
921kJ/mole.
O . Reaction shiIt to the
eksoterm reaction
O (product) when the
solution cooled.



















ata Analysis
In the Iirst experiment, the mixing between 5 ml oI KSCN and 2 drops oI Fe (NO
3
)
3

produce a clear red solution. The reaction is:
3 KSCN Fe(NO
3
)
3
KNO
3
Fe(SCN)
3

The solution is distributed in the Iour test tube reactions evenly (same). In test tube 1 reaction
mixture contained only solution KSCN Fe (NO
3
)
3
and as a comparison. In the test tube reaction
2 is added 3 drops oI 1 M KSCN color changed to clear red (). While the third test tube reaction
when added 3 drops oI Fe (NO
3
)
3
color to be clear red( ). And in test tube reaction when added
NaH
2
PO
4
KSCN solution oI Fe (NO
3
)
3
which was originally clear red turn to be colorless.

In the second experiment, the test tube 1 color reaction solution oI 1 ml oI 0.1 M K
2
Cr
2
O
7

is orange. In the test tube reaction K
2
Cr
2
O
7
2 solution oI 1 ml oI 0.1 M was added 10 drops oI 0.5
M NaOH solution became yellow color comes Irom CrO4
2-.
The reaction is:
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
NaOH CrO
4
2-
H
2
O
then add 10 drops oI HCl solution so that the color changed to orange again. This color comes
Irom Cr
2
O
7
2-. The reaction is
CrO
4
2-
HCl Cr
2
O
7
2-
H
2
O

In the third experiment, 1 ml oI 0.2 M solution oI MgCl 2 was added to 1 ml oI NH4OH
solution will produce a white precipitate (Mg (OH)
2
) Iloating in solution, which is signiIied by the
turbid solution
reaction is:
MgCl
2
2 NH
4
OH Mg (OH)
2
2 NH
4
Cl
When added to 1 ml oI 0.5 M solution oI NH
4
Cl precipitate was reduced aIter a long time and
Iinally disappeared, the solution became colorless.
In the Iourth experiment, 1 ml solution oI NaNO
3
added by 5 drops oI H
2
SO
4
and 5
drops oI saturated FeSO
4
, NaNO
3
solution became dark yellow. Equation is:
2 NaNO
3
H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
2 NO 4 H
2
O Na
2
SO
4

Having added 20 drops oI H
2
SO
4
through the test tube walls Iormed a brown ring in the middle oI
solution. With the equation:
2 NO
3
-
4 H
2
O 6 Fe
2
6 Fe
3
2 NO 4 SO
4
2-
4H
2
O
Where Fe
3
reduced to Fe
2
and mixed NO
Fe
2
NO |Fe (NO)|
2


In the last experiment, a solution oI Pb (NO
3
)
2
plus 2 drops oI H
2
SO
4
, the solution
becomes slightly turbid and there is white precipitation, aIter adding 2 drops oIalcohol, the
solution was clearly visible beneath sediment. AIter that the solution is heated to dissolve the
precipitate, aIter the precipitate dissolved, the solution was cooled again and the result is a
white precipitate Iormed again on the solution oIPbSO
4
reaction is:
Pb (NO
3
)
2
H
2
SO
4
PbSO
4
HNO
3



Explanation
In the Iirst experiment oI mixing between KSCN and Fe (NO
3
)
3
produces the clear red
color oI the solution. This is in diIIerent with the hyphotesis that said the color is red blood.This
possibility is caused because the concentration oI the solution used is small. In the test tube 2
were added 3 drops oI Fe (NO3) 3 color changed to clear red () darker than the test tube
reaction 1, due to the addition oI KSCN is only slightly and in a test tube reaction 2 is the
equilibrium shiIts to product. Just like a test tube 2, the test tube 3 were added 3 drops oI Fe
(NO
3
)
3
color to be clear red ( ) is more concentrated than test tube 1 and test tube 2, because
the ions Fe
3
is a component oI our blood that could resulted in a blood red color, and the
reaction equilibrium shiIts to the product. In the test tube reaction 4, the addition oI NaH
2
PO
4

granules produce color are initially clear red solution became colorless. Due to the PO
4
3-
ion in
NaH
2
PO
4
be neutral toward methyl red and acid to phenolphthalein, so that in the SCN
-
ion which
is soluble methyl red can be neutralized by the addition oI PO
4
3-
. And the reaction equilibrium
shiIts to the reactants. In the Iirst experiment is inIluenced by concentration.

In the second experiment in accordance with the notion oI test tube solution K
2
Cr
2
O
7
is
orange and test tube 2, K2Cr2O7 orange solution added by 10 drops oI NaOH solution became
yellow because oI CrO42-ion, aIter it was given 10 drops oI HCl solution became orange again
because Cr2O72-ion Iormation. And the equilibrium shiIted to product. In neutralization
experiments occurred because aIter spilled base (NaOH) and then etched with acid (HCl), then
the color returned to be normal or back again like in the Iirst condition.
In the third experiment is also in accordance with the hyphotesis, test tube oI mixed
solution MgCl 2 and NH4OH, the solution becomes turbid, indicating the Iormation oI white
precipitate Mg (OH) 2. Characteristics oI magnesium hydroxide is a white precipitate insoluble
in excess reagent, but readily soluble in ammonium salts (NH4Cl). Equilibrium is shiIted tothe
product. In the test tube 2, the step is same as test tube1, aIter that, added by 1 ml oI NH4Cl. In a
several time, the precipitate is reduced and eventually disappeared and the solution became clear
and colorless. Equilibrium shiIted to the reactants.

In the Iourth experiment, a solution oI NaNO3 added by 5 drops oI H2SO4 and 5 drops
oI saturated FeSO4, the solution became yellow and aIter adding 20 drops oI saturated H2SO4
through the wall oI test tube, brown ring Iormed in the middle, which is like said in the
hyphotesis. |Fe (NO)| 2 is a complex compound that Iormed a brown ring. Equilibrium shiIts
to the product.
In the last experiment, a solution oI Pb (NO3) 2 added by 2 drops oI H2SO4, the solution
becomes slightly turbid and there is precipitation, aIter adding 2 drops oI alcohol, the solution
precipitate down to the bottom oI the test tube. Alcohol helps deposition process, because
alcohol has a low boiling point and solubility oI PbSO4 precipitate becomes much lower with the
addition oI alcohol (ethanol). AIter that, the solution is heated to dissolve the precipitate, when
heated reaction shiIts toward reactants (endothermic), namely the Pb (NO3) 2. AIter the
precipitate dissolved, the solution was cooled again and the result is a white precipitate Iormed
again on the solution oI PbSO4 so that when cooled reaction shiIts to the product
(exothermic). So, in the IiIth trial is inIluenced by temperature.

V. Conclusion
a. Each reaction is reversible and in particular temperature and pressure happened oI shiIt
chemical equilibrium.
b. Chemical equilibrium can be aIIected by:
i. Changes in the concentration : II the concentration is added, the equilibrium will shiIt to the
reagent that has lower concentration. ( First and third experiment)
ii. Changes in temperature : II the temperature is raised, the equilibrium will shiIt to the
endothermic reaction. And : II the temperature is decreased, the equilibrium will shiIt to the
exothermic reaction. ( FiIth experiment)
iii. Changes in pressure / volume : II the volume is added ( pressure decreased), the equilibrium
will shiIt to the reagent that has lower amount oI concentration or mole. The opposite iI the
volume is decreased ( pressure increased), the equilibrium will shiIt to the reagent that has
bigger amount oI concentration or mole.
iv. EIIect oI addition oI acid and base (second experiment)