FOREWORD The Town and Country Planning Department under the LSGD, Government of Kerala is in the process of preparation

of Development Plans for selected towns in Kerala State. The purpose of Development Plan is to formulate long term land use and other development proposals for the horizon period to have balanced growth of the Urban Centres. As a part of this exercise, the Department of Town & Country Planning has entrusted National Transportation Planning and Research Centre to carry out Traffic and Transportation Studies for selected 23 towns in the State. The outcome of the study will serve as useful inputs for preparation of Transportation Sectoral Plan. We consider it to be a privilege to undertake this study for Department of Town and Country Planning. To start with, the study Team in consultation with Town Planner of respective towns delineated the study area for the selected towns and collected necessary data for the study. Based on the preliminary site visit, an Interim Report was submitted for each of the identified towns in the month of May - June 2010. The Interim Report contained the scope and objectives of the study, details of data requirement, methods of data collection and the locations of various surveys. Detailed traffic and transportation surveys were carried out for the selected towns. Based on systematic analysis of data, this Final report for Thiruvananthapuram City is prepared. The report contains base line traffic and transportation data and also Schematic Transport Development Plan for Thiruvananthapuram City. It is hoped that the scientific data and the development proposals provided in this report will go a long way in improving the Traffic and Transportation system of the study region and also help in formulation of future Development Plan for Thiruvananthapuram City.

B G SREEDEVI Director National Transportation Planning and Research Centre (NATPAC) Thiruvananthapuram January, 2011

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. The Study Team expresses its deep sense of gratitude to Shri Eapen Varghese, Chief Town Planner, Kerala and Shri Jacob Easow, Senior Town Planner for awarding this work to NATPAC and also providing valuable suggestions during various stages of the study. The Study Team places on record their sincere thanks to Shri S Ajaya Kumar, Regional Town Planner, Thiruvananthapuram and other members of Thiruvananthapuram Regional Town Planning Office. Our sincere thanks are due to the Town Planning Officer, Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, and Secretaries of Kazhakkoottam, Kudappanakunnu, Vizhinjam, Sreekaryam, and Vattiyoorkavu Panchayaths for providing details of roads and maps of Thiruvananthapuram study area. Thanks are also due to officials of various departments in Thiruvananthapuram including KSRTC, Southern Railway, PWD, Corporation etc. for their kind co-operation and for furnishing necessary secondary data for this study. The traveling public, vehicle operators and private vehicle owners extended their whole-hearted support during the field surveys and their co-operation is sincerely acknowledged. Finall,y our sincere thanks are due to the Station Officers and police personnel of Thiruvananthapuram District for their untiring support during the traffic surveys. The entire field work, analysis and preparation of report was organized by Shri T Ramakrishnan, Technical Officer with administrative support from Smt. R.Lekha, Senior Typist. Smt O Sugatha, Senior Technical Officer and Shri R Radhakrishnan Thampy, Technical Assistant provided valuable support during the field surveys. Shri M S Saran, Scientist B prepared the drawings for the study in GIS. The study was coordinated by Shri U J Philipose, Deputy Chief Project Coordinator, till his superannuation in September 2010. I take this opportunity to thank all of them for their active involvement during the various stages of the study.

Head, Traffic and Transportation Division Thiruvananthapuram January, 2011

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Title Page No.

1 2 3

BACKGROUND SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Start-up activities and reconnaissance survey Review of past study reports/development schemes Collection of secondary data Design and conduct of primary surveys 3.4.1 Road inventory survey 3.4.2 Speed and delay survey 3.4.3 Traffic volume survey 3.4.4 Parking survey 3.4.5 Pedestrian survey 3.4.9 Origin-destination (OD) survey Compilation, analysis and interpretation of data Forecasting of transport demand for horizon year Forecasting of transport demand for horizon year Physical features Historical evolution Area and population of study area 4.3.1 Thiruvananthapuram Corporation 4.3.2 Neighboring panchayaths 4.3.3 Study area Agriculture and allied sectors Industrial sector Educational facilities Medical facilities Predominant land use Tourism Transport network 4.10.1 Road network 4.10.2 Rail Transport 4.10.3 Air transport 4.10.4 Road transport 4.10.5 Water transport 4.10.6 Vehicle population

1 3 5
5 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 12

3.5 3.6 3.7

BRIEF PROFILE OF STUDY AREA

4.1 4.2 4.3

13
13 13 15 15 20 20 20 20 22 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31

4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

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Sl. No.

Title

Page No.

BASE YEAR TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

5.1 5.2 Road network characteristics Speed and delay characteristics 5.2.1 Average journey speed 5.2.2 Causes of delay Link volume and capacity utilization 5.3.1 Link volume 5.3.2 Capacity utilization 5.3.3 Traffic volume at major intersections 5.3.4 Parking characteristics 5.3.5 Parking accumulation 5.3.6 Duration of parking 5.3.7 Pedestrian volume Traffic/passenger volume 6.1.1 Traffic volume at outer cordon points on roads 6.1.2 Passenger volume at railway stations Sample size of vehicles/ passengers interviewed 6.2.1 At outer cordon locations 6.2.2 At railway stations Zoning pattern adopted for the study Characteristics of Inter-city passenger traffic 6.4.1 Modal-split 6.4.2 Purpose of trip 6.4.3 Occupation of passengers 6.4.4 Origin-destination of passenger trips 6.4.5 Pattern of inter-city passenger trips Inter-city goods traffic 6.5.1 Volume of goods vehicles at outer cordon points 6.5.2 Modal split of goods traffic 6.5.3 O-D of goods transportation 6.5.4 Pattern of goods traffic 6.5.5 Composition of goods traffic Methods of traffic projection Techniques adopted for projection Projected link volume on existing network

33
33 60 64 65 66 66 81 91 91 98 98 98

5.3

BASE YEAR INTER-CITY TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS

6.1

108
110 110 110 113 113 113 117 117 117 117 121 121 124 133 133 133 136 137 137

6.2

6.3 6.4

6.5

TRAFFIC PROJECTION
7.1 7.2 7.3

148
148 149 150

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Sl. No.

Title

Page No.

TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THIRUVANANTHAPURAM STUDY AREA

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Potentials and prospects of the study area Prime issues and problems Development Strategy for the horizon year Road network 8.4.1 Existing road network 8.4.2 Proposed road development plan 8.4.3 Proposed development plan for rail network 8.4.4 Proposed development for IWT network 8.4.5 Proposed development for Air transport Transport terminals 8.5.1 Bus terminals 8.5.2 Rail terminal 8.5.3 IWT terminals 8.5.4 Air terminal 8.5.5 Goods terminals Pedestrian facilities Parking facilities

164
164 165 166 168 168 169 176 177 179 180 180 181 181 181 182 182 185

8.5

8.6 8.7

CONCLUSION

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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Title Trend in growth of population in Thiruvananthapuram City Ward-wise population in Thiruvananthapuram City Demographic details of neighboring panchayaths of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation Land use pattern in Thiruvananthapuram City, 2003 Growth in vehicle population in Thiruvananthapuram district Vehicle population in Thiruvananthapuram district in the year 2009 Details of homogeneous sections identified on major roads in Thiruvananthapuarm city Inventory details of major roads in Thiruvananthapuram study area Speed and delay characteristics of major roads in Thiruvananthapuram study area Link volume on major homogeneous sections of Thiruvananthapuram study area Volume-capacity ratio on major road links within Thiruvananthapuram study Area List of intersections selected for turning movement Peak hour traffic flow at major intersections in Thiruvananthapuram study area Locations selected for parking demand survey in Thiruvananthapuram City Parking accumulation at different road seons in Thiruvananthapuram City Parking duration of vehicles on major parking corridors in Thiruvananthapuram City Locations selected for pedestrian survey in Thiruvananthapuram City Peak hour pedestrian cross movements at major locations in Thiruvananthapuram City Locations for origin-destination survey in Thiruvananthapuram City Distribution of daily inbound and outbound traffic at outer cordon survey points in Thiruvananthapuram Distribution of vehicles interviewed at outer cordon survey locations in Thiruvananthapuram study area Page No. 15 16 21 25 31 32 34 44 61 67 83 92 94 96 99 101 104 107 108 111 114

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Table No. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Title Sample size of passengers interviewed at various railway stations in Thiruvananthapuram study area Zoning pattern adopted for Thiruvananthapuram study area Modal spilit of inter-city daily passenger trips in Thiruvananthapuram study area Distribution of inter-city daily passenger trips according to mode of travel and purpose of trip in Thiruvananthapuram study area Distribution of inter-city daily passenger trips according to mode of travel and occupation of trip maker in Thiruvananthapuram study area Origin-destination matrix of intercity daily passenger trips in Thiruvananthapuram city Pattern of inter-city daily passenger trips in Thiruvananthapuram study area Modal split of inter-city daily goods traffic in Thiruvananthapuram study area Origin-destination matrix of intercity daily goods traffic (in tonnes) in Thiruvananthapuram city Pattern of inter-city daily goods traffic (in tonnes) in Thiruvananthapuram study area Distribution of inter-city daily goods traffic (in MT) accoring to commodity carried in Thiruvananthapuram study area Volume-capacity ratio on major road links within Thiruvananthapuram study area

Page No. 116 118 120 122 123 125 134 136 138 145 146 151

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16a 16b Title Page No. 4 19 43 80 93 97 105 109 119 120 122 123 132 144 171 172 173

Map of Thiruvananthapuram study area Map of Thiruvananthapuram corporation showing wards Map of Thiruvananthapuram study area showing homogeneous sections Traffic volume on major roads in Thiruvananthapuram corporation Intersections identified for turning movement surveys in Thiruvananthapuram study area Locations identified for parking demand survey in Thiruvananthapuram study area Locations identified for pedestrian survey in Thiruvananthapuram study area Locations for origin-destination survey in Thiruvananthapuram study area Zoning pattern for Thiruvananthapuram Modal split of inter-city passenger traffic in Thiruvananthapuram study area Distribution of inter-city passenger traffic according to purpose of travel in Thiruvananthapuram study area Distribution of inter-city passenger traffic according to occupation of trip maker in Thiruvananthapuram study area Desirelines of inter-city passenger traffic in Thiruvananthapuram study area Desirelines of inter-city goods traffic in Thiruvananthapuram study area Conceptual road network pattern proposed for Thiruvananthapuram study area Proposed road network plan for Thiruvananthapuram study area (Within Corporation) Proposed road network plan for Thiruvananthapuram study area (Within the district)

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix No. Title

I II(1) to II(51) III (1) to III(45) IV

Recommended design service volume (PCUs per hour) The vehicle wise break-up of peak hour traffic flows at these junctions The point-wise and mode-wise origin-destination particulars of inter-city passenger trips Origin-destination matrix of intercity daily goods trips in Thiruvananthapuram city

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