What is Netmeeting?

Netmeeting is a conferencing client developed by Microsoft that allows users to interact in real time
over the internet. Most people call it a "video conferencing client", but it is actually capable of much
more than that. t includes:
O A Chat client, similar to AOL nstant Messenger
O An Audio and Video conferencing client
O A Whiteboard, which is a shared drawing space where people can collaborate in real time.
O Application Sharing, where you can choose to share an application you are running with
others in your conference. Note here that while other users will need to have Netmeeting
installed, they do not need to have a copy of the application you are sharing installed.
O A file transfer application for sending files
What Do I Need?
A PC running a Windows variant, such as Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows
2000 or Windows XP. You should have nternet Explorer 4.0 or better installed as well. Note that
Windows XP and 2000 come with Netmeeting already installed.
The PC should a reasonably current machine, such as a Pentium 233 MHZ or better. A slower
machine may work, but audio and video performance will suffer. t should have a decent amount of
Ram (64 MB or better). A sound card is not mandantory, but for audio conferencing, some sort of
audio interface is necessary.
Netmeeting uses the Videoconferencing standard .h323. There are other products that use this
standard as well, including a solution for Macintosh users. See the section "For Mac Users" at the
end.
Microphone and Headphones
f you want to participate in an audio conference, you need a microphone. You need not spend a lot of
money. A inexpensive SoundBlaster compatable (this is important) microphone (less than $10.00)
and a inexpensive pair of headphones (like the kind that can be used with a Walkman) is all you need.
You can also opt for a headset that has the microphone built in; this is all a matter of preference.
Using headphones instead of a pair of speakers is preferred, since the microphone will pick up what is
coming over the speakers, and will lead to a strange, and disconcerting "echo" effect.
Network connection
While it is possible to use some functions in NetMeeting with a 56k modem, a faster network
connection is preferable. For Video or screen sharing, use at least a Dual SDN connection (112 kbs).
A Cable Modem or DSL connection is perfectly adequate for any of the features in NetMeeting when
at home. Most campuses have at least 10 mb/s connections, which is good enough to do decent low
frame rate video and good audio, as well as all the other features in NetMeeting.
There are some additional issues concerning use of NetMeeting iin special situations, such as with a
firewall, or through a home networking router. A brief outline on the issues is being written, and will
appear shortly.
%he Software
You will need the Netmeeting software itself. f you are currently running Windows 2000 or XP, you do
not need to install it; it comes with the standard install. Under Windows XP, you may need to "unhide
Netmeeting to launch it directly:
o to your Start menu and select "run". Type in "conf.exe" (no quotes). The Netmeeing setup wizard
will then start, and ask you whether you would like shortcuts created (yes you do).
For Windows 2000, look in your Start menu under Accessories/Communication to launch it. You
should also confirm that you have at least version 4.0 of nternet Explorer installed
8.4393:0/
As oI Windows Vista, NetMeeting is no longer included with MicrosoIt Windows, and MicrosoIt recommends
using newer applications such as Windows Meeting Space, Remote Desktop Connection, Remote Assistance,
Windows Live Messenger and MicrosoIt OIIice Live Meeting in place oI NetMeeting.
nyper1erm|na| overv|ew
Pyper1ermlnal ls a program LhaL you can use Lo connecL Lo oLher compuLers 1elneL slLes bulleLln board
sysLems (88Ss) onllne servlces and hosL compuLers uslng elLher your modem a null modem cable or
LLherneL connecLlon
1hough uslng Pyper1ermlnal wlLh a 88S Lo access lnformaLlon on remoLe compuLers ls a pracLlce LhaL has
become less common wlLh Lhe avallablllLy of Lhe World Wlde Web Pyper1ermlnal ls sLlll a useful means of
conflgurlng and LesLlng your modem or examlnlng your connecLlon wlLh oLher slLes lor more lnformaLlon see
SeL up a new connecLlon
Pyper1ermlnal records Lhe messages passed Lo and from Lhe compuLer or servlce on Lhe oLher end of your
connecLlon 1herefore lL can serve as a valuable LroubleshooLlng Lool when seLLlng up and uslng your modem
1o make sure LhaL your modem ls connecLed properly or Lo vlew your modems seLLlngs you can send
commands Lhrough Pyper1ermlnal and check Lhe resulLs Pyper1ermlnal has scroll funcLlonallLy LhaL allows
you Lo look aL recelved LexL LhaL has scrolled off Lhe screen
?ou can use Pyper1ermlnal Lo Lransfer large flles from a compuLer onLo your porLable compuLer uslng a serlal
porL raLher Lhan golng Lhrough Lhe process of seLLlng up your porLable compuLer on a neLwork lor more
lnformaLlon see Send a flle Lo a remoLe compuLer
?ou can use Pyper1ermlnal Lo help debug source code from a remoLe Lermlnal ?ou can also use
Pyper1ermlnal Lo communlcaLe wlLh older characLerbased compuLers
Pyper1ermlnal ls deslgned Lo be an easyLouse Lool and ls noL meanL Lo replace oLher fullfeaLure Lools
avallable on Lhe markeL ?ou can use Pyper1ermlnal Lo perform Lhe speclflc Lasks descrlbed above buL do noL
aLLempL Lo use Pyper1ermlnal for more complex communlcaLlon needs
1LLNL1
I|rst of a|| what |s te|net ?
1elneL ls a proLocol whlch ls parL of Lhe 1C/l sulLe lL ls qulLe slmllar Lo Lhe unlx rlogln program 1elneL
allows you Lo conLrol a remoLe compuLer from your own one lL ls Lermlnal emulaLlon sofLware ln Lhe old days
harddrlves were humonguous and expenslve (l am Lalklng wa? back here) and Lhere were no personal
compuLers 1o make use of exlsLlng compuLers you had Lo lease hardrlve space and use Lermlnals Lo operaLe
Lhe sysLem lor developers Lhls was greaL because compuLlng became loLs cheaper ?ou needed a server and
many connecLlons could be made WlLh LelneL u can emulaLe Lhls Lype of dlsLrlbuLed compuLlng and for
example operaLe a supercompuLer from a dlsLance

1C/l works wlLh porLs and LelneL has one also lLs nr 23 lLs has several rfcs nr 834 daLes back Lo 1983 and
ls named LelneL proLocol speclflcaLlon
WlLh LelneL you can do varlous Lhlngs llke send mall log ln Lo lrc or proxy and even (Lhough hardly anymore)
vlew and modlfy webslLes 1here are LelneL servlces avallable allowlng you Lo search Lhrough large daLabases
uslng LelneL WlLh Lhls you use Lhe remoLe compuLers power so lL wonL presure your preclous resources
usually help or remoLehelp are Lhe commands Lo use Lo flnd ouL whaL you can and cannoL do lf you canL see
whaL you Lype ln Lhen seL echo Cnce you made a connecLlon you can use Lhe compuLer as lf lL was your own
?ou use command llnes for Lhls
1elneL knows dlfferenL emulaLlon Lypes v1100 ls mosL used 1hls emulaLlon was used on Lhe vldeo Lermlnals
of uLC 1here are sLlll v1100 servers runnlng ouL Lhere SclenLlsLs use Lhese

1o use LelneL you need a cllenL Wlndows has LelneL bullL ln by defaulL (as does unlx buL LhaLs a dlfferenL
sLory) buL Lhere are Lhlrd parLy cllenLs avallable on Lhe neL ?ou sLarL a LelneL sesslon by Lyplng ln Lhe
command LelneL serverneL 23 where Lhe porL number ls opLlonal Slnce 1elneL was based on unlx (as lL ls
parL of 1C/l whlch also was based on unlx) lL uses unlx commands 8aslc knowledge would help you here
1he porL number speclfles whaL servlces you wlll use 23 ls Lhe defaulL one ?ou can log lnLo varlous servlces
80 ls Lhe P11 server for LhaL
So say you wanLed Lo modlfy your slLe from a dlsLance on a leased llne ?ou donL have your fav progs and
hardly any Llme
/* LelneL serverneL 80 (leave Lhe /*)
/* CL1 hLLp//wwwserverneL/?Cu8Sl1LP1M P11/11
?ou can use Lhls meLhod Lo geL Lhe ouLpuL of a cglscrlpL as well 1he slmple requesL doesnL use Lhe P11/11
(Lhls ls Lhe P11 verslon runnlng on Lhe server) lf you perform a bad requesL you usually geL some lnfo on Lhe
server use Lhls Lo flnd a Lhe correcL verslons of servlces runnlng
1o puL flles Lo Lhe server u use Lhe u1 command 1elneL ls preLLy slmlllar Lo l1 whlch ls also parL of 1C/l
1here are oLher commands avallable llke CS1 whlch ls used Lo puL larger daLa flles Lo Lhe server PLAu Lo geL
Lhe slLes header and uLLL1L 1hls one ls obvlous lsnL lL
?ou can also use LelneL Lo send raw lmalls 1he porL Lo logln Lo ls 23
llrsL you have Lo ldenLlfy your self 1hls geos llke Lhls
/* LelneL mallserverneL 23
/* PLLC wwwyouneL
When you Lyped Lhls command youll geL some feedback Lelllng you who and whaL you logged on Lo When
you logln u may geL also some feedback Lelllng you Lhlngs `
AfLer Lhls you Lell Lhe server where Lhe mall ls from llke Lhls
/* MAlL l8CMyou[youradressneL
1he server wlll glve you feedback agaln Lelllng you
/* Sender Ck
?ou are accepLed now for Lhe recelpanL
/* 8C1 1CyourroommaLe[hlsadressneL
agaln feedback
/* 8ecepLlenL Ck
1he server sLll does lLs duLy
/* uA1A
AfLer Lyplng Lhls command youll geL Lhe lnsLrucLlons on Lhe proper way Lo send Lhe mall 1ype your mall uslng
Lhe lnsLrucLlons AfLer youre done sendlng your mall close Lhe connecLlon uslng
/* Cul1 (or Lnu Lxl1 LCCCll LCCCu1)
?ou can use Lhls Lo recelve your mall as well (lf your provlder allows you) 1he C porL ls 110 1elneL Lo Lhe
server on Lhls porL Cnce Lhere use Lhe followlng commands
/* uSL8 you[1PL_SL8vL8_CCLS_PL8LneL
/* ASS Lype ln your password (slmple huh)
Cnce you are accepLed as a valld user use Lhe followlng Lo llsL your mall
/* LlS1
orLs can be conflgured so Lhey may be dlfferenL on some sysLems Many admlns use Lhe defaulL ones Lhough

1wo Lhlngs come ln handy when compleLly undersLandlng LelneL and how lL works 1hey are a baslc
undersLandlng of 1C/l and a baslc undersLandlng of unlx commands

?ou could use LelneL Lo connecL Lo a proxy and from Lhere on conLlnue your quesL llnd a good proxy (use a
search englne Lo locaLe one) and creaLe an accounL now LelneL Lo Lhe server on Lhe porL speclfled on Lhe
webslLe and hang loose uslng a proxy Lo use Lhe web keeps your ldenLlLy beLLer hldden roxles ofLen use porL
8080 or 3128 lf you use lL or neLscape you conflgure Lhem Lo use a proxy lf you have compuLer frlends
maybe Lhey could help you locaLe one nearby 1o learn more abouL proxles read a LuLorlal abouL Lhem 1elneL
ls parL of 1C/l and wlLh Lhls comes speclflc bullL ln connecLlon securlLy 1hls baslcly comes down Lo Lhe
Lhreewayhandshake whlch l wlll noL furLherly dlscuss ln Lhls LuL 1ermlnal emulaLlon was embraced by
developers because lL ls a qulck and secure way for remoLe compuLlng

8cause LelneL ls developed Lo be qulck and rellable you could use lL Lo connecL yourself Lo an lrcserver and
chaL wlLh your buddles wlLhouL a resource consumlng Cul ?ou may even wanL Lo use a proxy Lo keep Lhe
(f)lamers from flndlng ouL your lp 1o do Lhls you have Lo know LhaL Lhe lrc proLocol has lLs porLs dedlcaLed Lo
66666669 orLs can be conflgured so you have Lo know Lo whaL porL you should connecL 1he ldenLd runs on
porL 113 8eLLer use a shell accounL Lo connecL Lo l8C servers or a Cul cllenL Cnce you are Lhere u can use Lhe
usual lrc commands lf you have goL a good shell (commandcom) you can use scrlpLs Lo auLomaLe procedures
1o learn more abouL lrc 8equesL for CommenLs 1439 lnLerneL 8elay ChaL roLocol mlrc ls a preLLy good lrc
cllenL for nowadays hlgh resource conpuLers lf you wanL Lo learn Lhls Lo Slnce llnux was bullL on unlx and
llnux ls free you should have by now lnsLalled Lhls operaLlng sysLem Ck
u can also posL Lo newsgroups lf Lhe server allows Lhls newsgroups use nnLp (rfc 977) over porL 119 use your
skllls lf you wanL Lo geL lnformaLlon on a parLlcular sysLem you can use a Lechnlque known as porL scannlng
1here are preLLy fancy porL scanners on Lhe neL buL Lo become a guru you wlll have Lo know how hlLs Lake
place So use porL surflng lnsLead 1elneL Lo Lhe server on varlous porLs Lo geL lnfo on servlces 1hls ls much
more rewardlng Lhen uslng someone elses porLscanner lf you wanL Lo become a good hacker learn a
programmlng language and wrlLe your own 8ecause 1C/l ls noL deslgned for a speclflc plaLform lL works
much Lhe same on any 1C/l uses porLs LhaL have cerLaln servlces
1here are severel lnLerresLlng porLs for Lrylng LelneL llke 7echo 1hls one replles whaLever you Lype ln
13 dayLlme
13 neLsLaL
37 Llme Llme
39 rlp
33 domaln
119 nnLp
443 hLLps

use your commands Lo geL Lhe requesLed lnfo 8y connecLlng Lo dlfferenL servlces you geL a clear look aL Lhe
sysLem ln use lf you wanL Lo explolL a sysLem use Lhe lnfo and go Lo explolLersneL lf you come across a
sysLem you donL know read Lhe AL12600lAC
1here are also a loL of Lro[ans clrculaLlng (llke back orlflce or neLbus) lf you know how Lo use Lhese you can do
some rad Lhlngs buL mosLly Lhe use lf Lro[ans ls consldered lame Learn Lhe commands and seLup your prlvaLe
backdoor When you wanL Lo aLLack a sysLem prepare yourself for Lhls 1here has been some dlscusslon on Lhe
legallLy of porLscannlng/surflng Many servers log every aLLempL Lo connecL Lo lL 8e warned
1he expanslon of free sofLware Lowards Lhe wlndows markeL glves greaL Lools Lo seL up your own hackerlab
lor Lhls you use your compuLer and one oLher SeL up a slmple neLwork wlLh a server
Conflgure Lhe server and sLarL hacklng
lf you have a rooL accounL on a LelneL server you can use Lhls Lo remoLely admlnlsLer Lhe server 1here are
many waLs Lo geL a rooL accounL 8emember LhaL lf an admlnlsLraLor flnds a new rooL accounL on hls sysLem he
wlll know lL has been Lampered wlLh Coverlng your Lracks ls faLal lf you wanL Lo sLay uncaughL 1elneLLlng from
a uA ls a preLLy fancy way Lo read your mall or posL Lo newsgroups from a dlsLance 8ecause CSM phones can
only LransmlL upLo 9600 bps you mlghL noL wanL Lo load up Lhe web

u can use LelneL Lo creaLe a shell accounL 1hls allows you Lo use a good shell even Lhough u use MlcrosofL CS
Shell accounLs vary ln Lhe servlces Lhey have avallable 1o flnd a good shell accounL search Lhe neL or Lry
freeshellorg Look for a shell LhaL offers Lhe progs youdd llke Lo use
J|ndows 2000 rofess|ona| was deslgned as Lhe deskLop operaLlng sysLem for buslnesses and power users lL
ls Lhe cllenL verslon of Wlndows 2000 lL offers greaLer securlLy and sLablllLy Lhan many of Lhe prevlous
Wlndows deskLop operaLlng sysLems lL supporLs up Lo Lwo processors and can address up Lo 4 C8 of 8AM
1he sysLem requlremenLs are a enLlum processor (or equlvalenL) of 133 MPz or greaLer aL leasL 32 M8 of
8AM 630 M8 of hard drlve space and a Cu8CM drlve (recommended enLlum ll 128 M8 of 8AM 2 C8 of
hard drlve space and Cu8CM drlve)
90

J|ndows 2000 Server shares Lhe same user lnLerface wlLh Wlndows 2000 rofesslonal buL conLalns addlLlonal
componenLs for Lhe compuLer Lo perform server roles and run lnfrasLrucLure and appllcaLlon sofLware A
slgnlflcanL new componenL lnLroduced ln Lhe server verslons ls AcLlve ulrecLory whlch ls an enLerprlsewlde
dlrecLory servlce based on LuA AddlLlonally MlcrosofL lnLegraLed kerberos neLwork auLhenLlcaLlon
replaclng Lhe ofLencrlLlclsed n1LM auLhenLlcaLlon sysLem used ln prevlous verslons 1hls also provlded a
purely LranslLlveLrusL relaLlonshlp beLween Wlndows 2000 domalns ln a (a collecLlon of one or more
Wlndows 2000 domalns LhaL share a common schema conflguraLlon and global caLalog belng llnked wlLh
Lwoway LranslLlve LrusLs) lurLhermore Wlndows 2000 lnLroduced a uomaln name Server whlch allows
dynamlc reglsLraLlon of l addresses Wlndows 2000 Server supporLs up Lo 4 processors requlres 128 M8 of
8AM and 1 C8 hard dlsk space however requlremenLs may be hlgher dependlng on lnsLalled componenLs
90

J|ndows 2000 Advanced Server ls a varlanL of Wlndows 2000 Server operaLlng sysLem deslgned for medlum
Lolarge buslnesses lL offers clusLerlng lnfrasLrucLure for hlgh avallablllLy and scalablllLy of appllcaLlons and
servlces lncludlng maln memory supporL of up Lo 8 glgabyLes (C8) on hyslcal Address LxLenslon (AL)
sysLems and Lhe ablllLy Lo do 8way SM lL supporLs 1C/l load balanclng and enhanced Lwonode server
clusLers based on Lhe MlcrosofL ClusLer Server (MSCS) ln Wlndows n1 Server 40 LnLerprlse LdlLlon
91
LlmlLed
number of coples of an lA64 verslon called Wlndows 2000 Advanced Server LlmlLed LdlLlon were made
avallable vla CLMs SysLem requlremenLs are slmllar Lo Lhose of Wlndows 2000 Server
90
however Lhey may
need Lo be hlgher Lo scale Lo larger lnfrasLrucLure
J|ndows 2000 Datacenter Server ls a varlanL of Wlndows 2000 Server deslgned for large buslnesses LhaL
move large quanLlLles of confldenLlal or senslLlve daLa frequenLly vla a cenLral server
92
Llke Advanced Server
lL supporLs clusLerlng fallover and load balanclng lLs mlnlmum sysLem requlremenLs are normal buL lL was
deslgned Lo be capable of handlng advanced faulLLoleranL and scalable hardwarefor lnsLance compuLers
wlLh up Lo 32 Cus and 64 C8s 8AM wlLh rlgorous sysLem LesLlng and quallflcaLlon hardware parLlLlonlng
coordlnaLed malnLenance and change conLrol LlmlLed number of coples of an lA64 verslon called Wlndows
2000 uaLacenLer Server LlmlLed LdlLlon were made avallable vla CLMs SysLem requlremenLs are slmllar Lo
Lhose of Wlndows 2000 Advanced Server
90
however Lhey may need Lo be hlgher Lo scale Lo larger
lnfrasLrucLure
IIS
lnLerneL lnformaLlon Servlces (llS) formerly called lnLerneL lnformaLlon Server ls a web server appllcaLlon
and seL of feaLure exLenslon modules creaLed by MlcrosofL for use wlLh MlcrosofL Wlndows lL ls Lhe mosL used
web server afLer Apache P11 Server llS 73 supporLs P11 P11S l1 l1S SM1 and nn1 lL ls an lnLegral
parL of Wlndows Server famlly of producLs as well as cerLaln edlLlons of Wlndows x Wlndows vlsLa and
Wlndows 7 llS ls noL Lurned on by defaulL when Wlndows ls lnsLalled
As of CcLober 2011 llS ls Lhe second mosL used server ln Lhe world afLer Apache P11 Server lL ls used on
1366 of servers and responds Lo 1246 of LoLal requesLs
Ieatures
1he archlLecLure of llS 7 ls modular Modules also called exLenslons can be added or removed
lndlvldually so LhaL only modules requlred for speclflc funcLlonallLy have Lo be lnsLalled llS 7 lncludes
naLlve modules as parL of Lhe full lnsLallaLlon 1hese modules are lndlvldual feaLures LhaL Lhe server
uses Lo process requesLs and lnclude Lhe followlng23
P11 modules used Lo perform Lasks speclflc Lo P11 ln Lhe requesLprocesslng plpellne such as
respondlng Lo lnformaLlon and lnqulrles senL ln cllenL headers reLurnlng P11 errors and
redlrecLlng requesLs
SecurlLy modules used Lo perform Lasks relaLed Lo securlLy ln Lhe requesLprocesslng plpellne such
as speclfylng auLhenLlcaLlon schemes performlng u8L auLhorlzaLlon and fllLerlng requesLs
ConLenL modules used Lo perform Lasks relaLed Lo conLenL ln Lhe requesLprocesslng plpellne such
as processlng requesLs for sLaLlc flles reLurnlng a defaulL page when a cllenL does noL speclfy a
resource ln a requesL and llsLlng Lhe conLenLs of a dlrecLory
Compresslon modules used Lo perform Lasks relaLed Lo compresslon ln Lhe requesLprocesslng
plpellne such as compresslng responses applylng Czlp compresslon Lransfer codlng Lo responses
and performlng precompresslon of sLaLlc conLenL
Cachlng modules used Lo perform Lasks relaLed Lo cachlng ln Lhe requesLprocesslng plpellne such
as sLorlng processed lnformaLlon ln memory on Lhe server and uslng cached conLenL ln subsequenL
requesLs for Lhe same resource
Logglng and ulagnosLlcs modules used Lo perform Lasks relaLed Lo logglng and dlagnosLlcs ln Lhe
requesLprocesslng plpellne such as passlng lnformaLlon and processlng sLaLus Lo P11sys for
logglng reporLlng evenLs and Lracklng requesLs currenLly execuLlng ln worker processes

llS 60 and hlgher supporL Lhe followlng auLhenLlcaLlon mechanlsms24
Anonymous auLhenLlcaLlon
8aslc access auLhenLlcaLlon
ulgesL access auLhenLlcaLlon
lnLegraLed Wlndows AuLhenLlcaLlon
unC auLhenLlcaLlon
nL1 assporL AuLhenLlcaLlon (8emoved ln Wlndows Server 2008 and llS 70)23
CerLlflcaLe auLhenLlcaLlon

llS 73 lncludes Lhe followlng addlLlonal or enhanced securlLy feaLures26
CllenL CerLlflcaLe Mapplng
l SecurlLy
8equesL lllLerlng
u8L AuLhorlzaLlon

AuLhenLlcaLlon changed sllghLly beLween llS 60 and llS 7 mosL noLably ln LhaL Lhe anonymous user
whlch was named luS8_machlnename ls a bullLln accounL ln vlsLa and fuLure operaLlng sysLems
and named luS8 noLably ln llS 7 each auLhenLlcaLlon mechanlsm ls lsolaLed lnLo lLs own module
and can be lnsLalled or unlnsLalled