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2nd Annual Conference and Exhibition on Compressed Natural Gas and Related Industries

26th 27th July 2009, Olympic Hotel, Iran, I.R. Iran

NGV: THE SAFETY CHALLENGE


by Lee Giok Seng Executive Director Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association (ANGVA) Level 2, Block A, Lot 3288 & 3289 Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi 43000 Kajang Selangor, MALAYSIA Tel: 603 8926 1798 Email: angva@angva.org Fax: 603 8926 1834 Website: www.angva.org

Contents

NGV in Asia Pacific Key Drivers & Challenges The Safety Challenge Conclusion

Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association (ANGVA)


VISION
To make natural gas the transportation fuel of choice.

Asia Pacific Region 58 Countries (Asia Pacific region comprises of countries in the United Nations Asian Regional Group and Australasia).

MISSION
Assisting members in their NGV business. Reducing emissions and greenhouse gases. Optimising the use of indigenous fuel. Establishing a platform for harmonising standards. Encourage development of NGV technology and refuelling infrastructure.

Website: www.angva.org Secretariat Office: Malaysia. Main Sponsor: PETRONAS.


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ANGVA 2009, Donghae, Korea


The 3rd ANGVA International Conference & Exhibition Dates: 27th 29th October 2009. Theme: Natural Gas for Vehicles Rising to the Challenge Host: Donghae City. Website: www.angva2009.com

ANGVA Green Highways 2009


Objectives:
Create awareness and promote NGV, ANGVA, and NGV Infrastructure along the routes. Promote harmonisation of Standards and Code of Practices along the routes. To reach Donghae City in time for ANGVA 2009, 27th 29th Oct 09.
Tianjin Donghae Tehran, IR Iran Myanmar

Bangkok Indonesia ANGVA Green Highway A Iran - Pakistan India Bangladesh Myanmar - China Korea. ANGVA Green Highway B Indonesia Singapore Malaysia Thailand Laos Vietnam - China Korea.
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ANGVA Green Highways Project: Not about driving from point A to point B. About creating NGV Highways About getting local NGV industry and association involvement.

Proposed Cities / Towns Along The Routes


Start Green Highway A

Donghae
New Delhi Amritsar
Border Bangladesh / Myanmar Border India / Bangladesh Border Myanmar / China

Tehran
Qom Kerman Yazd Quetta Sukkur Koh-I-Dalik Okkara Lahore Agra
Border Pakistan / India

Wonju
Border China / Korea

Allahabad

Dhaka Imphal Sylhet - Atgan

Mandalay Shenzhen Mogok Dailian

Varanasi Bhagalpur

Seoul Incheon

Mirjayeh

Border Iran / Pakistan

Kanpur Patna

Tianjin / Tianjin Port

Border Vietnam / China

Chengdu

Xian Shijiazhuang

Langson Hanoi Ho Chi Minh Vinh Nong Khai Vientiane Bangkok Sadao Bukit Kayu Hitam Cau Treo
Border Laos / Vietnam

Border Thailand / Laos

Border Malaysia / Thailand

Prai Kuala Lumpur Johor Bahru


Border Singapore / Malaysia

Singapore
Border Indonesia / Singapore

Batam Jakarta

Surabaya
(Source: Asian NGV Communications & GVR magazines Feb 09 & Others)

Start Green Highway B

Current NGV Markets in Asia Pacific


4.96 Million Natural Gas Vehicles and 6600 Stations in Asia Pacific
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Country Pakistan IR of Iran India China Bangladesh Thailand Uzbekistan Malaysia Japan Myanmar Republic of Korea Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Singapore Indonesia Australia United Arab Emirates New Zealand Philippines Taiwan* Vietnam Total
(Source: Asian NGV Communications & GVR magazines & Others) (Source: Asian NGV Communications & GVR magazines Feb 09 & Others)

No. of Vehicles 2,000,000 1,215,593 821,872 400,000 180,000 150,000 47,000 42,000 36,345 25,802 17,123 10,600 6,000 3,443 3,079 2,453 305 283 36 4 2 4,961,940

No. of Stations 2,700 764 402 1,260 296 310 43 120 327 44 121 53 6 3 9 146 2 14 1 1 1 6,623

Remarks Dec 08 Feb 09 Apr 08 July 08 Nov 08 June 09 Dec 07 Apr 09 Dec 08 Apr 09 June 08 Dec 07 Dec 07 Jan 09 Apr 08 Mar 07 Mar 07 Mar 07 Feb 06 Apr 05 Jan 09

Key Drivers & Challenges Key Drivers


Challenges / Key Success Factors Government Support & Policies
(Compared to Gasoline and Diesel)

CNG Price

Benefits to Key Stakeholders

Energy Economics Environment

(Gas pipelines & Stations)

Refuelling Infrastructure

Security & Supply Transport major energy consumer Oil supply and price volatile Stable / Indigenous supply of natural gas

Reduce oil imports Reduce fuels subsidies Cheaper source of energy Reduce air pollution cost Create local employments

Reduce air pollution esp. in cities. Climate Change Global Warming Biomethane renewable & Sustainable CNG

(Vehicles, Stations, Engineers, Etc)

Technology & Knowhow Safety

(Standards, Regulations, Enforcement)

Awareness & Education


(All stakeholders)

NGV Safety Incidents

Over Pressure Fire Non-CNG cylinders Defects Poor Installation Poor Maintenance Human Error

Pressure Explosion
Gas Leakage Gasoline or Diesel Leakage

Safety Incidents

Electrical Short circuited Defects Poor Installation Poor Maintenance Human Error External Factors

Mechanical / Electrical Failure

Defects Poor Installation Poor Maintenance Human Error

Fire Explosion / Burning

Arson Sparking from nozzle during refuelling

The NGV Safety Challenge


1. NGV or CNG vehicles are as safe as any other vehicles
(Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, etc) operating on the roads. The main safety challenge for NGV is the high storage pressure CNG cylinders.

2. CNG cylinders are the highest pressure containment vessel


commonly used by the general public. Potential to cause extensive damage and injury if failed. Hence CNG cylinders must not be allowed to fail under any circumstances.

3. Eliminating factors leading to safety incidents


Design / Material / Manufacturing Defects Poor installation & maintenance Human Error Ignorance Greed
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CNG Cylinder Incident in Malaysia


A Bi-Fuel NGV Taxi Fire Incident (July 8, 2002)

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CNG Cylinder Incident in Malaysia


CNG Tank Exploded In Arson Fire (April 11, 2001)

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CNG Cylinder Incident in Malaysia


An Acetylene Tank Exploded in CNG Car During Refuelling at CNG Station (November 2007)

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CNG Cylinder Incidents in Malaysia

Man Killed When LPG Tank Fitted in a Van Exploded While Filling With CNG
(7th November 2008).

An LPG Tank Inside the Boot of a CNG Car Exploded While Car Was Filled with CNG (10th August 2008).
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CNG Cylinder Incidents in Thailand

A CNG Truck(7 Cylinders), had a cylinder explosion while filling CNG (no fire occurred) at PTT CNG Refueling Station, Bangkok, Thailand.
(30th March 2008).

A substandard compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinder in a bus exploded at a PTT gas station in Samut Prakan, Thailand
(Bangkok Post, August 9th 2008)

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CNG Cylinder Incidents in Bangladesh

Bangladesh: CNG Cylinder Blast


(The Daily Star, Dec 12th, 2007)

1 Killed as CNG Cylinder Explodes in Vehicle.


(The Daily Star, January 11th 2008)

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CNG Cylinder Incidents in Iran & Canada

CNG cylinder explosion in a van during refuelling in Toronto, Canada (Sept 2003) CNG cylinder explosion in IR Iran
(4th & 13th May 2008)

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CNG Cylinder Incidents in Australia & Korea

CNG cylinder explosion in a bus during refuelling in Brisbane, Australia (21st April 2008) CNG cylinder explosion in a bus after being refuelled in Cheongju CNG station, Korea
(July 12, 2008)

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CNG Cylinder Incident in USA: A Near Miss For Firefighters


Honda Civic CNG Car (OEM) Exploded in fire (November 2007)

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Managing Safety
n & Awaren io ess at c u Ed Compliances
Standards
ga tio ns

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NGV Safety
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Standards & Regulations And Compliances


Design & Qualification

Standards & Regulations

Production / Manufacturing Installation Operation & In-service Use Inspection & Re-qualification Disposal / Scrapping

Complying fully? Half-heartedly? or Not at all?

Compliances

Conducting periodic safety assessments and audits:


Self assessments / audits. Third party assessments / audits.
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Monitoring

Cylinders Registry / Database System / RFID System?


for checking by relevant parties e.g. vehicle owners, workshops, authorities.

Monitoring

Conversion Workshops Training Centres Certified Installers. Cylinder Inspection Centres and Certified Inspectors Cylinders already installed in OEMs / imported vehicles.

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Enforcement

Periodic Inspection of CNG cylinders.


Hydrostatic Test - NZS 5454 - Testing Station? Personnel? Approval? Visual Inspection - ISO 11439 / UN ECE R110 Inspection Centre? Personnel? Approval?

Enforcement

ISO 19078: Gas Cylinders Inspection of the cylinder installation, and re-qualification of high pressure cylinders for the onboard storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles.

Identification of valid / certified CNG cylinders stickers? RFID System? Roadside enforcement. Enforcement during renewal of road-taxes Retirement of cylinders from services - Service life? Scrapping & Disposal procedures? Penalty
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Education & Awareness

Understanding characteristics of NGV, standards & regulations, compliances, etc. Skilled manpower ensuring quality installation, operation & maintenance. Addressing human error, ignorance and greed. Modes: Seminars / Forums / Workshops Training / Courses Briefing / Awareness sessions Leaflets / Manuals
To be conducted by:
Cylinder manufacturers / suppliers Conversion workshops CNG Sellers /Gas Producers / Suppliers Authorities Associations / Clubs
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Education & Awareness

Emergency Response Plan & Incident Investigations


Training and Awareness for Rescue Personnel (Fire Services Dept., Police, etc) on safety procedure and precaution for NGV vehicles involving in accidents.

Emergency Response Plan

Serious accidents investigations and recommendations.

Incident Investigations

Actions to be taken / Recalls. Traceability of cylinder manufacturer batch incase of need to recall defective batches. Regulatory / Monitoring Body.
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Conclusion

NGV or CNG vehicles are as safe as any other vehicles (Gasoline, Diesel, LPG, etc) operating on the roads. The main safety challenge for NGV is to prevent CNG cylinders explosion. A Safety Management System must be put in place to meet the safety challenge. Standards and Regulations are starting point of a Safety Management System, followed by Compliances, Monitoring, Enforcement, and Education & Awareness. Emergency Response Plan and Incident Investigations are also important part of the safety management system. Some countries have successfully manage the safety of their NGV industries. Their experiences need to be shared and ANGVA can facilitate the exchange and sharing of these information and experiences.
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THANK YOU
n & Awaren io ess at c u Ed Compliances
Standards
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Em ge er y nc

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