Code: 9A23303

1
(Biotechnology)

II B.Tech I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b) 3 (a) (b) Define unit operations and unit processes. Give examples for each. Write about applications of transport phenomenon principles in bioprocessing. Define ideal gas. Explain how real gases are different from ideal gases. What is an equation of state? Discuss any three equations of state. Write down the Bernoullis equation and give its application in Bioprocessing. A pump draws a solution of specific gravity 1.84 from a storage tank through a 75 mm schedule 40 steel pipe. The efficiency of the pump is 60 percent. The velocity in the suction line is 0.914 m/s. The pump discharges through a 50 mm schedule 40 pipe to an overhead tank. The end of the discharge pipe is 15.2 m above the level of the solution in the feed tank. Friction losses in the entire piping system are 29.9 J/kg. (i) What pressure must the pump develop? (ii) What is the power delivered to the fluid by the pump? Given data: The cross sectional areas of 75 mm and 50 mm pipes are 4.766x10-3 m2 and 2.164x10-3 m2 respectively. Max Marks: 70

4 (a) (b)

Explain the concept of Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids. Give examples for different types of non Newtonian fluids. Draw the schematic diagram of a plate and cone viscometer, label important parts. Explain how measurement of viscosity is made using this. Explain boundary layer concept with the help of neat schematics. Water is flowing at 100C through a long horizontal plastic pipe 75 mm inside diameter, at velocity of 2.44 m/s. Calculate the pressure drop in N/m2 per 30 m of pipe. Define drag and drag coefficient. Explain different kinds of drags with neat schematics and how drag is minimised. Estimate the terminal velocity for 80 to 100 mesh particles of limestone (density 2800 kg/m3) falling in water at 300C. Given data: Average particle diameter = 0.161 mm; Viscosity of water at 300C = 0.801 cp; Density of water at 300C = 995.7 kg/m3; Drag coefficient = 14. Write about any one common device for minimizing leakage while permitting relative motion with the help of a diagram. A horizontal venturimeter is used to measure the flow rate of water at 150C flowing through a pipeline. The flow meter is having a throat diameter of 20 mm and is set in a 75 mm ID pipeline. A manometer containing mercury under water measures the pressure differentia over the instrument. When the manometer reading is 500 mm, what is the flow rate in m3/hr? Given data: Venturi coefficient 0.98. Density of water at 150C is 999 kg/m3. Discuss the characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump operating at various speeds, with the help of a schematic diagram. Write above positive displacement pumps with the help of diagrams. *****

5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b)

7 (a) (b)

8 (a) (b)

Code: 9A23303

2
(Biotechnology)

II B.Tech I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Max Marks: 70

1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b)

Draw the process flow diagram of any biotech industry indicating the salient features. Identify unit operations and unit process in the flow diagram drawn for part (a). Discuss ideal gas equation of state. Under what conditions it works well. One hundred grams of nitrogen is stored in a container at 230c and 3.00 psig. Assuming ideal gas behavior, calculate the container volume in liters. Derive the barometric equation from first principles. Discuss the various forms of Bernoulli equation in detail. Discuss different types of non Newtonian fluids with examples in bioprocessing. Draw the shear stress versus velocity gradient curve for non Newtonian fluids. Discuss measurement of viscosity using coaxial cylinder viscometer. Discuss the growth of boundary layers considering flow of fluid parallel with a thin plate. Draw the schematic diagram of friction factor chart, labeling the salient features. Explain the salient features. Derive the Kozeny Carman equation for flow through beds. State the assumptions made. Particles of sphalerite (specific gravity 4.00) are settling under the force of gravity in carbon tetra chloride at 200C (specific gravity 1.594). The diameter of the sphalerite particles in 0.10 mm. The volume fraction of sphalerite in CCl4 is 0.20. What is the settling velocity of sphalerite? Discuss briefly about selection of pipe sizes. An orifice meter with flange taps is to be installed in a 100 mm line to measure the flow of water. The maximum flow rate is expected to be 50 m3/hr at 150C. The manometer used to measure the differential pressure is to be filled with mercury and water is to fill the loads above the surfaces of the mercury. The water temperature will be 150C throughout. If the maximum manometer reading is to be 1.25 m, what will be the diameter to the nearest millimeter for the orifice? Given data Density of water = 999 kg/m3; Orifice coefficient = 0.61; Viscosity of water = 0.001147 kg/m.s. What is cavitation? How to avoid cavitation in pumps? Water at 320 K is pumped at 0.6 lps through a 40 mm inner diameter pipe, through a length of 150 m in a horizontal direction, and up through a vertical height of 10 m. In the pipe there are a control valve, equivalent to 200 pipe diameters, and other pipe fittings equivalent to 60 pipe diameters. Also in the line is a heat exchanger across which the head lost is 2 m water. Assuming the main pipe has a roughness of 0.0002 m, what power must be supplied to the pump if it is 60 percent efficient? Given data: Viscosity of water at 320 K = 0.65x10-3N.s/m2; Density of water at 320 K = 1000 kg/m3;Fanning friction factor for the system is 0.000815. *****

3 (a) (b) 4 (a) (b) 5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b)

7 (a) (b)

8 (a) (b)

Code: 9A23303

3
(Biotechnology)

II B.Tech I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b) 3 (a) (b) Define unit operations and unit processes. Give examples for each. Write about applications of transport phenomenon principles in bioprocessing. Define ideal gas. Explain how real gases are different from ideal gases. What is an equation of state? Discuss any three equations of state. Write down the Bernoullis equation and give its application in bioprocessing. A pump draws a solution of specific gravity 1.84 from a storage tank through a 75 mm schedule 40 steel pipe. The efficiency of the pump is 60 percent. The velocity in the suction line is 0.914 m/s. The pump discharges through a 50 mm schedule 40 pipe to an overhead tank. The end of the discharge pipe is 15.2 m above the level of the solution in the feed tank. Friction losses in the entire piping system are 29.9 J/kg. (i) What pressure must the pump develop? (ii) What is the power delivered to the fluid by the pump? Given data: The cross sectional areas of 75 mm and 50 mm pipes are 4.766x10-3 m2 and 2.164x10-3 m2 respectively. Max Marks: 70

4 (a) (b)

Explain the concept of Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids. Give examples for different types of non Newtonian fluids. Draw the schematic diagram of a plate and cone viscometer, label important parts. Explain how measurement of viscosity is made using this. Derive the equation used to calculate skin function loss in a straight pipe. What is the pressure drop in N/m2 of 150C water flowing through 20 m of horizontal 1 inch schedule 40 pipe at 25 lps. Given data: For 1 inch schedule 40 pipe outer diameter is 33.4 mm and inner diameter is 26.6 mm. Density and viscosity of water at 150C 999 kg/m3 and 0.001147 kg/m.s respectively. What is terminal velocity? Derive the equation for terminal velocity from the fundamentals. Calculate pressure drop for air at 370C and 1 atm flowing at 3.81 kg/s through a bed of 1.27 cm spheres. The bed is 2.438 m in diameter and 4.88 m high. The void fraction of the bed is 0.38, and the absolute viscosity of air is 0.0182 cP at 370C. Discuss the sizing of an orifice meter. The rate of flow of water in a 150 mm diameter pipe is measured with a venturimeter with a 50 mm diameter throat. When the pressure drop over the converging sector is 121 mm of water, the flow rate is 2.91 kg/sec. What is the coefficient for the converging cone of the meter at this flow rate? Discuss the two different classes of pumps in detail. What is net position suction head (NPSH)? How is it calculated for a pump? *****

5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b)

7 (a) (b)

8 (a) (b)

Code: 9A23303 II B.Tech I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Biotechnology)

4
Max Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****

Time: 3 hours

1 (a) (b) 2 (a) (b)

Draw the process flow diagram of any biotech industry indicating the salient features. Identify unit operations and unit process in the flow diagram drawn for part (a). Discuss ideal gas equation of state. Under what conditions it works well. One hundred grams of nitrogen is stored in a container at 230C and 3.00 psig. Assuming ideal gas behavior, calculate the container volume in liters. Derive the barometric equation from first principles. Discuss the various forms of Bernoulli equation in detail. Discuss different types of non Newtonian fluids with examples in bioprocessing. Draw the shear stress versus velocity gradient curve for non Newtonian fluids. Discuss measurement of viscosity using coaxial cylinder viscometer. Explain boundary layer concept with the help of neat schematics. Water is flowing at 100C through a long horizontal plastic pipe 75 mm inside diameter, at velocity of 2.44 m/s. Calculate the pressure drop in N/m2 per 30 m of pipe. What is terminal velocity? Derive the equation for terminal velocity from the fundamentals. Calculate pressure drop for air at 370c and 1 atm flowing at 3.81 kg/s through a bed of 1.27 cm spheres. The bed is 2.438 m in diameter and 4.88 m high. The void fraction of the bed is 0.38, and the absolute viscosity of air is 0.0182 cP at 370C. Write about any one common device for minimizing leakage while permitting relative motion with the help of a diagram. A horizontal venturimeter is used to measure the flow rate of water at 150c flowing through a pipeline. The flow meter is having a throat diameter of 20 mm and is set in a 75 mm ID pipeline. A manometer containing mercury under water measures the pressure differential over the instrument. When the manometer reading is 500 mm, what is the flow rate in m3/hr? Given data: Venturi coefficient 0.98. Density of water at 150C is 999 kg/m3. Discuss the two different classes of pumps in detail. What is net position suction head (NPSH)? How is it calculated for a pump? *****

3 (a) (b) 4 (a) (b) 5 (a) (b)

6 (a) (b)

7 (a) (b)

8 (a) (b)