SEDIMENTOLOGY OF SEDIMENT BACKSHORE

ALONG THE COASTAL OF ESTUARY 1ENEBERANG MAKASSAR

Langkoke, R and Budi Rochmanto

burochmantoyahoo.com

Department of Geology Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University


This paper is presented at Scientific Meeting Collaboration between Department of
Geology and 1ICA Project for the Development of the Faculty of Engineering
Hasanuddin University, Makassar, August 23
rd
2011

Abstract
The research was carried out on the coastal oI Jeneberang estuary, to understand
the coastal morphodynamic based on sediment backshore. Location oI the
research is along the coastal Irom Barombong Beach in south to the Tanjung
Bunga Beach the north about 8.5 km length. The research method is drilling at
Barombong Beach, Tanjung Bayang Beach, Tanjung Merdeka Beach, and
Tanjung Bunga Beach about 10 meters 11 meters depths..The sediment oI core
drilling were analyzed sedimentary texture, structures and compositions. Data oI
sediment backshore was correlated. Based on the analyzed oI core drilling, the
backshore sediment on the study area consist oI sands, silts, clays, clay and sand
with organic matter content. Sediment backshore at Barombong Beach shows a
model oI marine sediment, while at Tanjung Bayang Beach, Tanjung Medeka
Beach, and Tanjung Bunga Beach show a model oI Iluviatil delta sediment..
These sediments consist oI delta plain sediment, delta Iront sediment, beach sand
sediment, and Ioreshore sediment. The Barombong Beach is a stable coast,
however others are unstable coasts.

Key Word: Sedimentology, Sediment Backshore, Estuary 1eneberang Makassar

Introduction
Jeneberang River is one oI the biggest river in South Sulawesi. The river Ilows Irom
mountainous area oI Bawakaraeng Mountain to the Makassar Strait in Makassar. At the
Jeneberang river mouth had Iormed delta which divided the river to two river mouth, north
river mouth and south river mouth. Between these river mouth, the coastal oI Jeneberang
estuary had developed. The Northern river mouth has already closed.
The coastal area included Barombong Beach at the south to the Tanjung Bunga at
north about 8,5 km. length. Estuary Jeneberang coast is very dynamic, naturally and human
activities. At this place accumulation sediment come Irom Iluvial, coastal, and marine
processes,
Backshore is a part iI coastal area. This area is always change rapidly, and only
covered by sea water when storm wave happened. This study will be carried out on this part
to understand the coastal morphodynamic based on vertical sediment variation at the
backshore. HopeIully the study will show the history oI coastal change and what will be
happened on this area, like the geological concept in modern geology Present is the key to
the Past which is developed to Present Is the key to the Future`.

LOCATION OF THE RESEARCH AREA
The research was carried out in January to April 2010, on the vicinity oI the
Jeneberang estuary, around 9 km long, Irom the Barombong river mouth at the south to the
tip oI Tanjung Bunga spit at the north. The area is located at coordinate 5 08` 40 S to 5 12`
40 S and 119

22` 40 E to 119

25` 20 E in geographic coordinate. (Figure 1)
W Ceographlc oslLlon
3 08' 40" S 3 12' 40" S
119 22' 40" L 119 23' 20" L
W LengLh of Lhe coasL 83 km
W 8arombong 8each aL Lhe SouLh Lo Lhe
1an[ung 8unga 8each aL Lhe norLh
8esearch LocaLlon

Figure 1 Location oI study area.


Aims of the research
The aim oI the study is to know the coastal morphodynamic oI Jeneberang estuary based on
sediment backshore.
Research Methods
The data were collecting and drillings on the backshore oI the Jeneberang estuary coast,
Barombong Beach, Tanjung Bayang Beach, Tanjung Merdeka Beach, and Tanjung Bunga
Beach. The depth oI the drilling is 10 to 11 meters. The data, then, were analyzed based on
the sedimentary textures and structures.
Results
The cores drilling were described and analyzed based on sedimentary textures, mineral
composition, and organic matter. Sediment oI the cores were clssiIied based on sedimentary
texture. Generally the sediments show coarsening upward. From the bottom to the top, the
sediments are composed oI sand, silt, and clay.
Sand, which is unconsolidated, wet, variation color: brown, brownish black, grey, greyish
black, and greenish grey. The color variation are caused by mineral composition and
diIIerences on sedimentary environments. Vertically, Irom the base to the surIace, the
sediment shows variation in grain size, and sedimentary structures in the sediments are
alternating between sand and silt, sand and clay, planned bedded, lamination, and lenses. The
organic material Iound in the sediment are moluscs, and vegetation remains. The variation oI
sedimentary textures and structures, and organic matters are used to interpretate sedimentary
environment.
Lanau is characterized by wet, and blackish. Generally it Iound in the depyh oI 11 meters
and 5 meters. This sediments are mainly Iound in the northern part oI Jenebeang river mouth.
Clay is Iound as intercalated layer in sand. It is characterized by wet, stiky, and contain oI
organic remains. Generally clay layer as intercalation in sand wee Iound in the depth oI 11
until the surIace.The color oI the layers are blackish grey to black.
At some places are Iound Iine sand layers in black color and composed oI heavy minerals and
remain oI vegetation roots. The remain oI vegetation roots indicate the materials were
deposited on the continent. The description oI the cores are shown coastal morphodynamic
oI Jeneberang estuary.

Discussion
Based on the sediment characteristics, the sediment backshore in the study area can be
classiIied as swamp sediment, channel sediment, delta plain sediment, delta Iront sediment,
beach sand sediment, Ioreshore sediment, and near shore sediment. ( see Iig. 2 and 3).
Condition oI some those sedimentary environment still exist right now, but the others had
already change because oI human activities.
O Swamp sediments, consist oI clay with various sand content, light brown yo brown,
organic matter content, wet and stiky, intercalation oI sand and clay layer abaout 1 to 3
cm. This sediment well develop northward, associated and covered by channel sediment
at Tanjung Bayang, Tanjung Merdeka, and Tanjung Bunga
O Channel sediments, composed oI sand, grey to black color, grain size Irom medium sand
to Iine sand, At Tanjung Bunga Beach the sediments are coarsening upward in the depth
oI 4 to 5 meters. At the depth 7 to 8 meters, the grain size oI sediment is Iining upward.
Distribution oI channel sediment dominantly to northward.(bore hole # 2, 3, 4.)
O Delta plain sediments, composed oI coarse sand to medium sand with alternating oI clay
and silt. The thickness oI beds is 10 cm. to 40 cm. Remain mollusc shells are Iound in this
sediment. This sediment is also characterized by alternating oI coarsening upward
sediment and Iining upward sediments. Distribution oI delta Iront sediments Iound at bore
hole # 2, 3, and 4 with 4 meters to 5 meters thick..
O Delta front sediments, is characterized by medium sand to coarse samd and grey to
black in color. The sediment is coarsening upwards with broken shells. The delta Iront
sediment is Iound at bore hole # 2, 3, and 4, and the thickness is about 3 meters to 4
meters.
O Beach sand sediments, consist oI medium sand to Iine sand, grey to black in color.
Organic matter content, vegetation roots and broken shells, and planar bedding structure
are also Iound in the sediment. The sediment is Iining upward. This sediments are Iound
at bore hole # 2, 3, and 4. At bore hole #4, developed swamp sediment. Its indicate
channel sediment had stopped.
O Nearshore sediments, consist oI Iine sand to clay, black to grey in color, organic matter,
humusm and broken shells. At the depth oI 11 meter, contain Mollusc Iossils Pelecypod
Class ,Spondylus victoriae, Sowerby sp.), dan Julia corbula sentata sp. yang berumur
Pleistocene, and Brachiopod, Prasunata sp, (Pleistocene to Recent). The sediment was
Iormed at Barombong Beach (bore hole #1).
Conclusions
1. Based on the analyzed oI core drilling, the backshore sediment on the study area
consist oI sands, silts, clays, clay and sand with organic matter content.
2. .Sediment backshore at Barombong Beach shows a model oI sediment marine,
while at Tanjung Bayang Beach, Tanjung Medeka Beach, and Tanjung Bunga
Beach show a model oI Iluviatil delta sediment.. These sediments consist oI delta
plain sediment, delta Iront sediment, beach sand sediment, and Ioreshore
sediment.
3. The Barombong Beach is a stable coast, however Tanjung Bayang Beach,
Tanjung Merdeka Beach, and Tanjung Bunga Beach are unstable coasts.

Acknowledgment
The researchers would like to thank to the JICA Ior supported budget to
conduct the research, and to Department oI Geology Unhas Ior a chance to
present this paper in the scientiIic meeting.

REFERENCIES
Allen, J.R. and N.P. Psuty, 1987, Morphodynamics oI a single-barred beach with a rip
channel, Fire Island, NY. oastal Sediments 87, ASCE: p 1964-1975.
Bahri, S., and Basri, C. 1996. Peta Geologi Kwarter Lembar Sungguminasa Sulawesi
Selatan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi, Bandung.
Berendsen,H.J.A. and Stouthamer, E. 2001. Palaeogeographic Development of the Rhine-
Meuse delta, The Netherlands. Assen: Van Gorcum. 270 p.
Berger,A. R. 1997 Assessing rapid environmental change using geoindicators. Environmental
Geology 32 (1), p 3644.
Boggs, S. 2001. Principle of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy,3 ed., Prentice Hall Inc. Uper
Saddle River, New Jersey 07548.
Carter, RWG. 1988. oastal Environmental, An Introduction to the physical, Ecological dan
ultural System of oasts Lines. London: Academic Press.
Cowell, P.J. and B. G. Thom, 1994, Morphodynamics oI coastal evolution. In: R.W. G.
Carter and C. D. WoodroIIe, editors. Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary shoreline
morphodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, p. 33-86.
Komar, PD., 1996, oastal Geology. Processes & Morphology of oasts and Beaches.
Oregon State University,, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Langkoke, R. 2010c. TopograIi Dasar Perairan Pantai Tanjung Bunga Kota Makassar.
Prosiding Hasil Penelitian Fakultas Teknik Unhas. ISBN: 978-979-127255-0-6.
Langkoke, R., Rochmanto.B., 2008. The Relationship Between Coastal Slope and Grain Size
Distribution On the Coastal Zone oI The Jeneberang Estuary Makassar, ISSN: 1858-
3636 Volume No.03. 02 May August. 2008.
Langkoke, R. 2006. oastal Sediment ell On The Jicinity of the Jeneberang River
Mouth,Makassar, South Sulawesi. Proceedings oI IAGI 36
th
Joint convention Pekan
Baru-Riau,Indonesia.
Miall, A.D. 1996, The geology of fluvial deposits. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 582 p.
NurIaidah, 2009, Pengembangan Dan Rencana Pengelolaan Lanskap Pantai Kota Makassar
Sebagai Waterfront ity. |Tesis|. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Rochmanto, B, ZulIan, R., dkk. 1996. The hange of oastline in The Jicinity of The
Jeneberang River Mouth, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Proceedings of IAGI
XXJ Annual Meeting, Bandung. Indonesia.
Suriamihardja, D.A, Hamzah,M.A, Sakka, Ramli, M, and Mulayadi,Y. 2001. The Dynamics
of Jeneberang Delta oast, Report oI collaborative research between the Faculty oI
engineering, Hasanuddin University, and GMTDC, Makassar.
Udo, K. and S. Yamawaki. 2007. Short-term Backshore Processes under Wave and Wind
Actions. Journal of oastal Research. ICS2007 (Proceedings). Australia