Simple Pendulum

Aim: to investigate the relationship between length and period oI a simple pendulum and use it
to determine acceleration due to gravity at a point.
Apparatus: clamp stand, 1 metre string, small metal bob, stopwatch, metre rule.
Variables: manipulated- length oI pendulum
Responding- period oI pendulum
Controlled- number oI oscillations
Theory: should include
A 503/::2 is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing
freely.
[1]
When a pendulum is displaced from its resting equilibrium position, it is
subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the
equilibrium position. When released, the restoring force combined with the
pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position, swinging
back and forth. The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing,
is called the period. A pendulum swings with a specific period which depends
(mainly) on its length.eIinition oI period oI pendulum, length oI pendulum,
oscillation
n physics, 7,;9,943,,..007,943 is the acceleration on an object caused
by gravity.
The Iollowing Iormula and its explanation

Where
g is acceleration due to gravity, is length oI pendulum and T
2
is the period oI the
pendulum squared
At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between 9.78 and
9.82 m/s
2
depending onlatitude, with a conventional standard value of exactly
9.80665 m/s
2
(approx. 32.174 ft/s
2
)iagram: oI experimental set up
Procedure:
1. A bob was aIIixed to the string provided aIIix.
2. The metre rule was use to measure the length oI the pendulum equal to 40 cm
3. The string was clammed at this point.
4. The pendulum was displaced Irom its position by a small angle
5. The pendulum was allowed to swing Iree ly (in one plane)
6. AIter the second oscillation the stopwatch was started
. The time was recorded Ior 20 complete oscillations.
8. steps 4- were repeated (this is done to reduce random error)
9. The procedure was repeated Ior lengths oI 50 cm to 90 cm
10. ata was recorded in a table


Results:
Length/cm
time Ior 20 oscillations
period
(T/s) T
2
/s
2
(/T) /ms
-2
t
1
/s t
2
/s t
avg
/s
40 2.10 26.22 26.66 1.33
50 29.66 29.29 29.48 1.4
60 32.09 31.63 31.86 1.59
0 34.28 34.59 34.44 1.2
80 36.31 36.16 36.24 1.81
90 38.4 38.34 38.41 1.92

ata analysis:
1. Plot a graph oI T
2
against
2. etermine the gradient oI the graph
3. Use the gradient to determine g (acceleration due to gravity)
Sources oI error:
Precautions:
Conclusion: