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Contents
Michael boland MarTin Tessler nic lehoux
16 Canada Line
despiTe The harsh realiTies of value engineering, The aMbiTious neW canada line offers The ciTizens of vancouver and richMond a Much needed public TransiT sysTeM WiTh criTical linkages froM The airporT To various nodes ThroughouT The TWo ciTies. teXt sean ruThen
neWs
Beautifully sculptural warming huts by various architects provide delight in wintry Winnipeg; Samantha Lynch wins the Canada Council for the Arts Prix de Rome in Architecture for Emerging Practitioners.
courTesy zeidler parTnership
27 teChniCaL
A detailed examination of some strategies to achieve zero-energy consumption in buildings is undertaken by Mark Bessoudo, Jenny McMinn, Ian Theaker and Doug Webber.
31 rePort
Tye S. Farrow and Sharon VanderKaay discuss the vital importance of bringing healthy design to the suburbs.
33 BooKs
Three exciting new publications evidence the advances being made in environmental, cultural and social sustainability in architecture and landscape architecture.
36 CaLendar
Neighbourhood Maverick exhibition at Ar chitecture at York Quay Centre in To ron to; Palladio at Work exhibition at the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Mon treal.
CoVer March 2011, v.56 n.03
The NaTioNal Review of DesigN aND PRacTice/ The JouRNal of RecoRD of The Raic
The WaTerfronT sTaTion by via archiTecTure inc., one of several nodes along The neW canada line TransiT developMenT linking The MunicipaliTies of vancouver and richMond in briTish coluMbia. phoTo by ed WhiTe.
38 BaCKPaGe
Brendan Cormier suggests revisiting the original plan for Harbour City to revitalize the fading glory of Ontario Place.
03 /11 Canadian arChiteCt
viEwpoint
LuCas oLenIuk/GetstoCk.CoM
AbovE
huMan warehousInG In aCtIon: Pre-fabrICated JaIL ModuLes shIPPed by raIL froM the us are readIed for the new MIMICo CorreCtIonaL Centre In toronto.
With 15 crime-related bills either before the Senate or recently passed, the federal government is eager to spend billions of dollars on introducing harsher sentencing programs and expanding our correctional facilities, hoping to nearly double the number of jail cells in Canada over the next five years. Most experts agree that these new policies will not reduce crime in our communities, but our Prime Ministers goal of incarcerating more citizens is certainly benefiting several architectural firms who design correctional facilitiesa building type that has suddenly emerged as a growth industry. Should architects accept Canadas approach to prisonmaking, or can we advocate for an alternative course of action through preferred methods of crime prevention and rehabilitation? A 2010 report issued by the Parliamentary Budget Officer estimates that our governments desire to build 4,000 new jail cells will carry an increased operating budget of $5 billion a year by 2015-16. In early January, the federal government pledged $150 million to add 634 beds to existing jails. This is in addition to the previously announced $601 million to create 2,500 new beds. Canadian architects designing prisons will be pleased to learn that the federal corrections budget will increase by 36 percent, or $861 million by 2012-13. According to Ed McIsaac, Director of Policy for the John Howard Society of Canada, an organization devoted to criminal justice reform, there is no doubt that we are headed on a very expensive journey down a path that experience tells us will neither reduce our crime rate nor make us safer. Despite many advocates and experts calling for discretionary sentencing and increased funding for effective crime-prevention programs, an Angus Reid poll recently discovered that 65 percent of Canadians believe in tougher sentencing, although it is questionable whether they are willing to pay for it. This is in contrast to the Environics Institutes Focus Canada 2010 report released last October which discovered that justice was the second6 cAnAdiAnArchitEct 03/11
last of 21 priorities for the average Canadian. Fiftyeight percent of Canadians prefer a government that places an emphasis on crime prevention while 36 percent want greater enforcement. With such a fragile economy, does it really make sense to spend $9.5 billion annually by 2015-16 on Canadas corrections systems, an increase from the $4.4 billion spent in 2009-10? Alternatively, why dont we address the critical social issues affecting those most likely to be sentenced? Strengthening the discretionary judicial system for at-risk youth, enhancing access to education and training for Aboriginals, and improving programs that integrate crime prevention with individuals suffering from mental health disorders will help our society become safer. At present, taxpayer dollars are simply being diverted away from community supervision and support programs that prevent crime more effectively and more cheaply than new prison construction. It seems that even Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) doesnt believe that more prisons are beneficial to society. On the CSC website, several studies and reports appear to contradict the policies of our federal government such as one report which acknowledges the shortcomings of incarceration and an appreciation of the benefits of community involvement to the eventual return of the offender to society. If the CSC recognizes that traditional prisons arent working, and if building prisons seems to be a low priority for most Canadians, then why are we spending billions on more jail cells? Furthermore, if the CSC is looking at shifting away from 24-hour housing (i.e., jail cells), then why isnt the government commissioning architects to design innovative, community-based facilities to rehabilitate certain types of offenders? Such buildings would surely reduce the need for warehousing humans, and the operating costs per individual in these types of facilities would be much lower than typical correctional facilities. The CSC website also indicates a willingness to look at new options, noting that, Whereas incarceration was born out of an effort by the state to distance itself from the punishment of the day (corporal punishment), the reduced importance of the correctional facility in the future will result from the realization that corrections should be a contributing and integral component of the community. If architects continue to design outmoded correctional facilities, we will remain complicit in denying a segment of the population who are prone to criminal behaviour with a chance to become productive and accepted members of society. Responding to RFPs for bleak and obsolete approaches to prisons will only stymie the advance of the justice system in Canada.
Ian ChodIkoff
ichodikoff@cAnAdiAnArchitEct.coM
E ditor Ian ChodIkoff, OAA, FRAIC AssociAtEEditor LesLIe Jen, MRAIC EditoriAlAdvisors John MCMInn, AADIpl. MarCo PoLo, OAA, FRAIC contributingEditors GavIn affLeCk, OAQ, MRAIC herbert enns, MAA, MRAIC douGLas MaCLeod, nCARb rEgionAlcorrEspondEnts halifax ChrIstIne MaCy, OAA regina bernard fLaMan, SAA montreal davId theodore calgary davId a. down, AAA Winnipeg herbert enns, MAA vancouver adeLe weder publishEr toM arkeLL 416-510-6806 AssociAtEpublishEr GreG PaLIouras 416-510-6808 circulAtionMAnAgEr beata oLeChnowICz 416-442-5600 ext. 3543 custoMErsErvicE MaLkIt Chana 416-442-5600 ext. 3539 production JessICa Jubb grAphicdEsign sue wILLIaMson vicEprEsidEntofcAnAdiAnpublishing aLex PaPanou prEsidEntofbusinEssinforMAtiongroup bruCe CreIGhton hEAdofficE 12 ConCorde PLaCe, suIte 800, toronto, on M3C 4J2 telephone 416-510-6845 facsimile 416-510-5140 e-mail edItors@CanadIanarChIteCt.CoM Web site www.CanadIanarChIteCt.CoM Canadian architect is published monthly by bIG Magazines LP, a div. of Glacier bIG holdings Company Ltd., a leading Canadian information company with interests in daily and community newspapers and business-tobusiness information services. the editors have made every reasonable effort to provide accurate and authoritative information, but they assume no liability for the accuracy or completeness of the text, or its fitness for any particular purpose. subscription rates Canada: $53.95 plus applicable taxes for one year; $85.95 plus applicable taxes for two years (hst #809751274rt0001). Price per single copy: $6.95. students (prepaid with student Id, includes taxes): $34.97 for one year. usa: $103.95 us for one year. all other foreign: $123.95 us per year. us office of publication: 2424 niagara falls blvd, niagara falls, ny 143045709. Periodicals Postage Paid at niagara falls, ny. usPs #009-192. us postmaster: send address changes to Canadian architect, Po box 1118, niagara falls, ny 14304. return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: Circulation dept., Canadian architect, 12 Concorde Place, suite 800, toronto, on Canada M3C 4J2. Postmaster: please forward forms 29b and 67b to 12 Concorde Place, suite 800, toronto, on Canada M3C 4J2. Printed in Canada. all rights reserved. the contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the consent of the copyright owner. from time to time we make our subscription list available to select companies and organizations whose product or service may interest you. If you do not wish your contact information to be made available, please contact us via one of the following methods: telephone 1-800-668-2374 facsimile 416-442-2191 e-mail privacyofficer@businessinformationgroup.ca mail Privacy officer, business Information Group, 12 Concorde Place, suite 800, toronto, on Canada M3C 4J2 member of the canadian business press member of the audit bureau of circulations publications mail agreement #40069240 issn 1923-3353 (online) issn 0008-2872 (print)
We acknoWledge the financial support of the government of canada through the canada periodical fund (cpf) for our publishing activities.
1968 Social environmental movements take hold.
WHO SHapeS tHe future Of green deSign?

You do.
1978 Earth Day brings awareness to Earths need for continual care.
What was once a quiet evolution has become a revolutionary force. Your desire for sustainable design has helped redefine the meaning of green. Since we began making nora rubber flooring over 50 years ago, weve evolved with you. Your concern for the environment continues to create new standards for designing in harmony with nature. it is why we continually explore ways to blend the best of technology with greener thinking.
1988 1,000 communities in America initiate curbside recycling.
1998 EPA launches voluntary programs for energy, water, indoor air quality, waste and smart growth.
it starts with you. You and your challenges. You and your world. You and nora.
2008 U.S. Green Building Council member organizations grow to 15,000.
800-332-nOra www.nora.com/us/green34
follow us: @noraflooring
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2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Upgradable functionality will be available in spring 2011. Internet connection is required.
news PrOJects
Popular warming huts offer beauty, wonder and protection in wintry winnipeg.
Following a similar project last winter on Winnipegs river trail, five new huts were unveiled as part of the 2011 Art and Architecture Competition on Ice. The idea of the warming huts was borne from a desire to encourage outdoor activity and enjoyment in Winnipegs extreme winter climate. The huts were completed at the Forks and along the popular skating and walking trail on the frozen Assiniboine and Red Rivers in early February, and feature three competition winners from a pool of 130 submissions from countries as far away as Serbia, Spain and Portugal. The winning designs, while difficult for the jury to choose, were all compelling, says Winnipeg architect Peter Hargraves, co-creator of the competition. The three winners selected from the competition are: Under the Covers by Philadephia architect Robert B. Trempe Jr., Ha(y)ven by a New York team of architects led by Tri Nguyen, and Woodpile, by Tel Aviv architects Noa Biran and Roy Talmon. The two other designs solicited from outside the competition are Jellyfish by Patkau Architects of Vancouver, and Cocoon, a student submission from the University of Mani-
aBOVe
WhilenotselectedfromtheArtAndArchitecturecompetitiononice,pAtkAu ArchitectsJellyfishWAsAninvitedsubmissiontotheWinnipegWArminghutsproject, AndiscomprisedofsixbeAutifullysculpturAlAndflexibleplyWoodshellsgrouped togetherinAschooltoofferprotectionfromtheelements.
toba, led by Professor Lancelot Coar. Under the Covers is a conceptual design that derives from the idea of splitting and peeling pre-existing
fabric, while Ha(y)ven is a 60-foot tower made of hay bales, creating a landmark on the Assiniboine River. The Woodpile hut involves a metal
03/11canadian architect
bArbArAedie
frame that contains stacked firewood to be used for the campfire inside, and a flexible membrane defines Cocoon, onto which river water is sprayed and frozen, creating a stiffened carapace. The six flexible conical Jellyfish huts made of plywood are grouped together in a school to offer protection from the elements. Gusts of wind causing the structure to shiver evoke the sensation of being in the water. These five new huts will be joined by four huts from last years event that were reconstructed for 2011. www.warminghuts.com/v2011.html
awards
samantha Lynch wins the canada council for the arts Prix de rome in architecture for emerging Practitioners.
University of Manitoba graduate Samantha Lynch is the winner of the Canada Council for the Arts Prix de Rome in Architecture for Emerging Practitioners. Lynch will use the award to design and build cameras to study the relationship between human activity, the architectural dimension, and the temporal connection between these two elements. She will visit recently built projects in Western Europe, and select a number of them for documentation. While in Europe, Lynch will intern with Fat Koehl Architekten in Berlin, Germany. With this study, Lynch hopes to contribute to the conversation on the impact of architecture on the human condition. The
$34,000 Prix de Rome is awarded to a recent graduate of one of Canadas 11 accredited schools of architecture who demonstrates outstanding potential. The prizewinner is given the opportunity to visit significant architectural sites abroad, and to intern at an architecture firm of international stature. Raised in the Muskoka region of Ontario, Samantha Lynch studied fine art at the University of Ottawa before leaving Ontario to travel and work across the country. In 2009, she obtained a Master of Architecture from the University of Manitoba. Focused on the influence of temporal engagement as an active architectural presence, Lynchs thesis work was driven by a fascination with the way in which architecture can unfold, transform and be understood over time. In 2009, Lynch received the Power Corporation of Canada Award and was given the opportunity to carry out a research project and residency at the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA) in Montreal. Following her time at the CCA, she spent two months researching in Italy and France with the support of the Bill Allen Travel Scholarship. She is also a recipient of the Mel P. Michener Fellowship and the American Institute of Architects Henry Adams Medal. In 2010, Lynch was named a member of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Honour Roll. She presently lives in Winnipeg and works at DIN Projects. www.canadacouncil.ca/news/releases/2011/ rc129415658724456321.htm
teeple architects 60 richmond street east housing co-operative wins archdaily Building of the Year award.
The winners of the ArchDaily Building of the Year Awards have been announced, and Teeple Architects 60 Richmond Street East Housing Co-operative took the top prize in the Housing category, selected from hundreds of projects around the globe. 60 Richmond Street East was completed in March of 2010, and the 11-storey, 85-unit mixed-use building is among the first new housing co-ops to be built in Toronto in recent years. It won the Ontario Association of Architects Design Excellence Award (2010) and the Canadian Architect Award of Excellence (2007). The client programa housing co-op for hospitality workers that is economical to build and maintainwas a key inspiration for the design which incorporates social spaces dedicated to food and its production. The result is a small-scale, but nevertheless full-cycle ecosystem described as urban permaculture. The resident-owned and -operated restaurant and training kitchen on the ground floor is supplied with vegetables, fruits and herbs grown on the sixth-floor terrace. The kitchen garden is irrigated by stormwater from the roofs. Organic waste generated by the kitchens serves as compost for the garden. 60 Richmond was con ceived as a solid mass that was carved into to create openings and terraces at various levels; the deconstructed volume creates interlocking
10canadian architect03/11
Canadian Architect Half Page Ad (text as outlines).indd 1
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and contrasting spaces stepping out and back from the street. Having received LEED Gold certification, a reduced carbon footprint is further achieved with a low-maintenance green roof and rainwater collection for the terrace gardens.
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douglas cardinal awards collection to carleton University.
Internationally renowned Canadian architect Douglas Cardinal has bestowed his entire collection from 1984 onwards of drawings, plans, files, 3D models and other information to Carleton University. I chose Carleton because of its outstanding school of architecture, its commitment to the arts and humanities, and particularly the exemplary professional and dedicated staff serving the Archives Department, says Cardinal. I am assured the collection will be properly preserved and my body of work will be able to be utilized by future generations of architects. Cardinal, who is an officer of the Order of Canada, is famous for his commitment to excellence and unique creative vision. He is renowned for developing a classic, organic approach to architecture and was designated a world master of contemporary architecture by the International Academy of Architecture. This collection will not only be valuable to the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism but also Aboriginal studies, commerce, public history, political science and heritage conservation at Carleton, says Patti Harper, a department head of the archives and research collections at MacOdrum Library, where the collection is now housed. Says Stephen Fai, a professor of architecture: His undulating forms and voluptuous spaces are immediately recognizable. Equally important to the history of architecture is the role he played in the development and application of digital technologies for the practice of architecture. The collection includes valuable assets such as plans for the Canadian Museum of Civilization, the Museum of the American Indian (Washington, DC), the First Nations University (Saskatchewan) and Oneida Casino Childrens and Elders Center (Verona, New York). Other projects that Cardinal has worked on in his career include the Edmonton Space Science Centre which has since been renovated and rebranded as the Telus World of Science, the Leighton Artist Colony at the Banff Centre, the Provincial Building in Ponoka, Alberta, the Grande Prairie Regional College, St. Marys Church in Red Deer, Alberta, and Ouj-Bougoumou Village, Ouj-Bougomou, Quebec, which won the UN award as UNESCOs Best Sustainable Community in 1998 and was featured as the Village of the Future in Expo 2000 in Hanover, Germany. In 1999, Cardinal was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, the highest architectural honour presented to an individual in Canada.
Ghost 13 international architecture conference: ideas in things.
The Ghost Lab is held every summer on architect Brian MacKay-Lyonss farm located on the coast of Nova Scotia, and has been the research laboratory for MacKay-Lyons Sweetapple Architects since 1994. It has been a meeting place for an international school of architects who share a commitment to landscape, making and community. From June 14-17, 2011, members of this virtual school will congregate on the Ghost site as speakers for a conference on the theme of Ideas in Things. Speakers include: Kenneth Frampton, Juhani Pallasmaa, Deborah Berke, Marlon Blackwell, Wendell Burnette, Ted Flato, Andrew Freear, Vincent James, Rick Joy, Francis Kr, Richard Kroeker, Tom Kundig, Dan Rockhill, Peter Stutchbury, Brigitte Shim and Patricia Patkau. These architects will embrace both the academy and practice through a commitment to place while resisting the numbing effects of a globalized culture. A book and a film will document the conference. Registration for the full conference is $2,500 and sessions are eligible for continuing education credits. Participation is limited to 200 registrants. www.mlsarchitects.ca/ghost/apply/
800.228.2238 www.abetlaminati.com
issue 33.1 winTeR 2010/2011
Recognizing Excellence: Proof that Architecture Matters ...

2011 Board Members
President Stuart Howard, FRAIC 1st Vice-President and President-Elect David Craddock, MRAIC 2nd Vice-President and Treasurer Paul E. Frank, FRAIC Immediate Past President Ranjit (Randy) K. Dhar, PP/FRAIC Regional Directors Wayne De Angelis, MRAIC (British Columbia/Yukon) Wayne Guy, FRAIC (Alberta/NWT)
MCpl Dany Veillette, Rideau Hall, 2011 Office of the Secretary to the Governor General of Canada
Charles Olfert, MRAIC (Saskatchewan/Manitoba) Leslie Klein, FRAIC (Ontario Southwest) Allan Teramura, MRAIC (Ontario North and East/Nunavut) Jean-Pierre Pelletier, FIRAC (Quebec) Paul E. Frank, FRAIC (Atlantic) Chancellor of College of Fellows Alexander Rankin, FRAIC Council of Canadian University Schools of Architecture (CCUSA) Kendra Schank Smith, MRAIC Director Representing Intern Architects W. Steve Boulton, MRAIC Editorial Liaison Ralph Wiesbrock, FRAIC Executive Director Jim McKee Editor Sylvie Powell Architecture Canada | RAIC 330-55 Murray St. Ottawa ON K1N 5M3 Tel.: 613-241-3600 Fax: 613-241-5750 E-mail: info@raic.org
On Jan. 31, 2011 his Excellency the Right Honourable David Johnston, Governor General of Canada, presented the 2010 Governor Generals Medals in Architecture to recipients during a ceremony at Rideau Hall. The recipients were announced in April 2010. Detailed descriptions and images can be found at www.raic. org. Stuart Howard, FRAIC, Architecture Canada | RAIC President thanked the Governor General for taking the time to recognize excellence in Architecture in Canada during the presentation ceremony at Rideau Hall. The following is an excerpt. Every city in Canada has a particular building that represents its character and every one of those buildings was championed by an architect. What is unfortunate is that not many Canadians can link those names to that building. Recognition such as that which comes with these medals, helps to strengthen Canadians appreciation of architecture and helps its value to society grow. Such recognition is evidence of the profession of architectures place in Canada and a physical
statement that Architecture Matters.... because, as is evidenced through these awards, it creates the beautiful living environments that lift the spirit and are a source of joy. We hope awards and events such as todays ceremony help illustrate to those beyond our profession the importance that architecture makes to our day-to-day lives and to our Canadian culture. We believe that awards are very important and that is the reason they remain part of Architecture Canada | RAICs core programs. Not only do awards inspire architects to excellence, they also serve as a means of communicating and educating architects about their colleagues work and the publication and dissemination of that information helps others outside the profession understand what we do. More exposure of awards such as these will help us in our mission to improve the built environment in Canada.
New Incentive for Newly Licensed Architects

Architects licensed in the past year are eligible for one discounted year of full membership at $190. This is a savings of $157.50 off the regular member rate of $347.50. For more information, or to claim a discounted year of membership, please contact the membership coordinator Angie Sauv asauve@raic.org.
Membership Renewal Season Has Begun

Be sure to renew to keep enjoying the many benefits of Architecture Canada | RAIC membership. Members can log in to the members section at https://members.raic.org to make payments via credit card, or by mail or fax. Any questions about renewals can be directed to membership coordinator, Angie Sauv asauve@ raic.org.
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Masthead photo: Language TechnoLogies ReseaRch cenTRe aT univeRsiTy of Quebec in ouTaouais | Menks shooneR Dagenais LeTouRneux aRchiTecTs / foRTin coRRiveau saLvaiL aRchiTecTuRe + Design | PhoTo: MicheL bRuneLLe
nu M R o 3 3 . 1 hiveR 2010/2011
Hommage lexcellence, la preuve que larchitecture a son importance ...

Conseil dadministration de 2011
Prsident Stuart Howard, FRAIC Premier vice-prsident et prsident lu David Craddock, MRAIC Deuxime vice-prsident et trsorier Paul E. Frank, FRAIC Prsident sortant de charge Ranjit (Randy) K. Dhar, PP/FRAIC Administrateurs rgionaux Wayne De Angelis, MRAIC (Colombie-Britannique/Yukon) Wayne Guy, FRAIC (Alberta/T.N.-O.) Charles Olfert, MRAIC (Saskatchewan/Manitoba) Leslie Klein, FRAIC (Sud et Ouest de lOntario) Allan Teramura, MRAIC (Est et Nord de lOntario/Nunavut) Jean-Pierre Pelletier, FIRAC (Qubec) Paul E. Frank, FRAIC (Atlantique) Chancelier du Collge des fellows Alexander Rankin, FRAIC Conseil canadien des coles universitaires darchitecture (CCUA) Kendra Schank Smith, MRAIC Conseiller reprsentant les stagiaires W. Steve Boulton, MRAIC Conseiller la rdaction Ralph Wiesbrock, FRAIC Directeur gnral Jim McKee Rdactrice en chef Sylvie Powell Architecture Canada | IRAC 55, rue Murray, bureau 330 Ottawa (Ontario) K1N 5M3 Tl. : 613-241-3600 Tlc. : 613-241-5750 Courriel : info@raic.org
CplC Dany Veillette, Rideau Hall, 2011 Bureau du secrtaire du gouverneur gnral du Canada
Le 31 janvier dernier, son Excellence le trs honorable David Johnston, gouverneur gnral du Canada, a remis les Mdailles du Gouverneur gnral en architecture aux laurats de 2010 lors dune crmonie tenue Rideau Hall. Les noms des laurats avaient t dvoils en avril 2010. Les descriptions et les images des projets rcompenss sont affiches sur le site suivant : www.raic.org. Stuart Howard, FRAIC, prsident dArchitecture Canada | IRAC a remerci le gouverneur gnral de cet hommage lexcellence en architecture. Voici un extrait de son allocution. Chaque ville du Canada senorgueillit dun btiment emblmatique et chacun de ces btiments est luvre dun architecte. Malheureusement, peu de Canadiens connaissent le nom de ces architectes. La reconnaissance, comme celle dont tmoignent ces mdailles, permet la population canadienne de mieux apprcier larchitecture et de mieux saisir la valeur quelle apporte la socit. Cette reconnaissance rvle la place de larchitecture au Canada et prouve que larchitecture a son im-
portance ... car, comme le dmontrent les btiments prims, elle cre des cadres de vie agrables, sources de joie et dinspiration. Nous esprons quune crmonie comme celle-ci et que les prix qui y sont dcerns sauront convaincre la population de limportance de larchitecture dans nos vies quotidiennes et dans la culture de notre pays. Les programmes de prix sont un volet fondamental des activits dArchitecture Canada | IRAC, car nous croyons fermement quils incitent les architectes lexcellence tout en leur faisant mieux connatre les ralisations de leurs collgues. En outre, la publication et la diffusion des projets prims permettent au grand public de comprendre ce que nous faisons. La couverture mdiatique de prix aussi prestigieux que les mdailles dcernes aujourdhui nous aide raliser notre mission damliorer lenvironnement bti au Canada.
Rabais sur les droits dadhsion des nouveaux architectes

Les architectes admis auprs dun ordre provincial ou territorial dans le courant de la dernire anne sont admissibles un rabais de 157,50 $ sur les droits dadhsion annuels de 347,50 $ Architecture Canada | IRAC. Leur cotisation stablit ainsi 190 $. Pour en savoir davantage ou pour demander votre adhsion tarif rduit, veuillez communiquer avec la coordonnatrice aux adhsions, Angie Sauv asauve@raic.org.
La saison du renouvellement bat son plein !

Noubliez pas de renouveler votre adhsion Architecture Canada | IRAC pour continuer profiter de ses nombreux avantages. Vous navez qu ouvrir une session https://members.raic.org pour effectuer votre paiement par carte de crdit ou encore par la poste ou par tlcopieur. Pour toute question concernant le renouvellement, veuillez communiquer avec la coordonnatrice aux adhsions, Angie Sauv asauve@raic.org.
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photo en CartouChe de titre : cenTRe De RecheRche en TechnoLogies LangagiRes De LuniveRsiT Du Qubec en ouTaouais | Menks shooneR Dagenais LeTouRneux aRchiTecTes / foRTin coRRiveau saLvaiL aRchiTecTuRe + Design | PhoTo : MicheL bRuneLLe
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Making tracks
the recently coMpleted 16-station canada line that links downtown VancouVer to the citys airport is a welcoMe addition to the public transit systeM in the region.
proJect The Canada Line, VanCouVer and riChmond, BriTish CoLumBia architects Via arChiTeCTure, BusBy Perkins+ WiLL, diaLoG, WaLTer FranCL arChiTeCTure, sTanTeC arChiTeCTure, kasian, PBk arChiTeCTs teXt sean ruThen
Glowing in Vancouvers western winter light, the new Canada Line station at Marine Drive stands as a beacon for urban renewal, located as it is at the periphery of Vancouvers outer suburbs, on a gritty industrial edge across from a busy arterial. It will soon be the site of a new and already controversial TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) in the area, one of the first along the new Canada Line. And then theres Broadway-City Hall, the new station with a swooping wood soffit standing kitty corner from the Canada Lines first official
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TOD by Busby Perkins + Will (complete with a green wall and LEED Gold rating). Its clear that these new urban typologies are a sign of the times, much like the iconic Dal Grauer substation on Burrard Street in downtown Vancouver was in the 1950s, and the grain elevators were in the 1920s for Swiss architect Le Corbusier. The architects intent at the Marine Drive station is a poetic metaphor of the logging industry, echoing the old structures lining the river when the Eburne sawmill was in full productiontall, utilitarian sheds where the lumber was cut, with glass clerestories to maximize natural daylight. One of five stations VIA Architecture designed for the Canada Line, idiosyncratically sited between the trains emerging from underground then propelled over the Fraser River, it imitates the movement of logs on conveyor belts and log
plumes. This is just one of many ideas they used to develop each stations unique theme. VIA Architectures Yaletown station, replacing the brick and heavy timber pavilion that used to be there, imitates the language of the loading docks that are Yaletowns hallmark. It updates the Bill Curtis Plaza which serves as the entry to this new Vancouver neighbourhood, and frames a new vista to the iconic 1152 Mainland warehouse, the areas signature showpiece with its storey-high serif numbering. Eighteen months have now passed since the inaugural run of the new Canada Line, which connects the cities of Vancouver and Richmond with the Vancouver International Airport, and has already reached the capacity ridership anticipated for five years hence. Now seems as good a time as any to assess its efficacy from a transit
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The inTerseCTinG CurViLinear rooF PLanes oF The TemPLeTon sTaTion in riChmond, one oF The more exPressiVe sTruCTures aLonG The neW and WeLL-used Canada Line.
riders perspective and to evaluate its overall success as a new urban intervention in the citys streetscapes. Many have spoken about its overwhelming success since it was introduced shortly before the Vancouver Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, during which time an unprecedented 40% of the population left their cars at home to use public transit. However, much has been said about the negative side effects of its construction, which resulted in the tearing up of a prominent Vancouver neighbourhoods public thoroughfare and other accom-
panying negative consequences. The Canada Line not only connects the two cities of Vancouver and Richmond, but stops at their respective City Halls; moreover, downtown Vancouver is now only a 15-minute train ride from the airport. With such a unifying effect, there are numerous opportunities to create new communities along the nodes. That being said, the City of Vancouver is presently hearing a rezoning application for the post-industrial parcel adjacent to the Marine Line station, with community leaders asking for a new Official Community Plan (OCP) for the area. PCI Development and Busby Perkins + Wills proposal for almost 900,000 square feet1 next to the Canada Line station is ambitious to say the least. It comprises two new towers262 and 377 feet respectivelyon a richly layered podium containing the
requisite drug store and/or grocery store. The view of the north arm of the Fraser River is mediocrethe only building currently this height in Marpole is Airport Square, a 70s concrete frame highrise which is the shorter sibling of the Granville Square tower downtown. Consequently, the attraction here is to add density at the Marine Drive node, the outcome of which remains to be seen. As the architects rendering of the site on the developers marketing billboard has changed three times now, it may be a while before these new towers pop up on the citys most southern slopes above the Fraser River. Future density was also a factor in the planning of the airport stations, as explained by architect Walter Francl. While his Sea Island station is primarily intended for those working at the Air Canada terminal and offices, the Templeton station
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is a signpost of further development to the south, demarcated by a gateway on its south elevation. And with the possibility of a new hotel with midrise office buildings set to create a new community adjacent, this new station is an example of architecture in the landscape, but it may not remain so for very long. Francl describes this particular station as the more kinetic one of the two he completed; the curving canopy running parallel to the Canada Line is influenced by the decelerating and accelerating action of the trains. In contrast, the Sea Island station runs perpendicular to the tracks, with a glazed bridge crossing the busy roadway below, which is also a means to access a nearby bus loop. The history of the Canada Line is perhaps as long as its 19.2 kilometres of rail, which, when added to the existing SkyTrain lines in Metro Vancouver and its environs, combine to make the longest automated train system in the world
(a similar system in Dubai will shortly surpass the one in Vancouver). This fact and many like it are courtesy of Vancouver writer Noam Dolgin, whose Canada Line Adventures is an indispensable companion to the new rail system. He remembers the original plans to run the line up Ontario Street, which would have had the same effect there that it does on Cambie Village. It is certainly for this same reason that Kerrisdale residents vehemently opposed it going through their neighbourhood, despite there being an existing rail corridor there that could have been utilized. It seems that everyone loves the idea of commuter trains, but like a new kind of TOD-inspired NIMBYism, no one wants them running through their backyards. In the 10 years since the Millennium Line, the Canada Line continues the legacy of stations as public art, though in a somewhat muted fashion. Without a doubt, the five stations in Richmond by
clockwise FroM aboVe leFt
usinG a sTandardized maTeriaL PaLeTTe, The enTranCe To The LanGara-49Th sTaTion ConVeys an arChiTeCTure ThaT sPeaks oF eFFiCienCy, saFeTy and ease oF mainTenanCe; The exPosed ConCreTe aT The same sTaTion mainTains a heiGhT and massinG CommensuraTe WiTh The sTaTions suBurBan ConTexT; The GLass, Wood and sTeeL CanoPy aT The oakridGe41sT sTaTion uTiLizes a simiLar exPression To many oTher sTaTions on The neW LrT sysTem.
the offices of Busby Perkins + Will, Walter Francl Architect and others are as architecturally evocative as the celebrated stations of the Millennium Line. In total, seven local firms contributed to the design of the 16 stations: in addition to Busby and Francl, DIALOG (King Edward, Oakridge and Langara), Stantec (Broadway and Olympic Village), Omicron (Storage and Maintenance Build-
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desiGned By diaLoG, The kinG edWard sTaTion has raPidLy BeCome a Busy inTermodaL surFaCe huB.
ing), Kasian (Vancouver International Airport), and VIA Architecture (Bridgeport, Marine Drive, Yaletown, City Centre and Waterfront stations) contributed their efforts. It is quite astonishing that one can now arrive at the airport and within 15 minutes be walking through Gastown. There is also the option to stop at a casino and Vancouvers only two shopping malls along the way. The projects undertaking was vast, requiring a combination of financiers in both the public and private realms, and the coordination between urban planners, architects and municipalities. With VIA Architecture given the responsibility of master-planning the line and working with the municipalities to locate the stations, the $1.92 billion needed to build the Canada Line came partly from SNC Lavalin ($200 million)VIA had worked with them previously on a train line in Malaysia. SNC Lavalin will also operate and maintain the Canada Line for 35 years as InTransitalong with Translink ($354 million), the Vancouver Airport Authority ($300 million), and all three tiers of governmentfederal ($450 million), provincial ($435 million), and municipal ($29 million). In the 18 months of its operation, the Line has not been without its share of controversy: this past December, a record-breaking snowfall closed down the Fraser River crossing between the Bridgeport and Marine Drive stations. Even more recently, an act of vandalism saw the disappearance of a large public sculpture from the King Edward station, ironically in the same area that launched a lawsuit against the Line due to the adverse effects of its construction on their businesses. Yet recently released statistics reveal that SkyTrain and Canada Line ridership rose during the Winter Olympic Games, and 44% of those same people are still continuing to use the trains, which means more foot traffic than before to those businesses. The question is at what cost is this acceptable? Such an urban experiment would not have been possible without closing the streets during the Games. If you give people a viable alternative to get to work, particularly when they are already exhausted by traffic jams, carbon taxes and high gas prices, the age-old love affair with the automobile may perhaps begin to disintegrate, bringing us closer to a new paradigm where Jan Gehls Copenhagenization combines effortlessly with an efficient public transit system. Additionally, this environmental consciousness extended to LEED, as the Line sought green strategies to make its mechanical systems more passive, using a ventilation system relying less on forced air and HVAC. They also saved 400 trees along Cambie Street in the course of excavating
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oakridge station section
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yaletown cross-section
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the cut-and-cover trench. By using energyefficient lighting in all its stations, BC Hydro gave the project Power Smart approval for its power consumption. As the Lines builderMontrealbased SNC Lavalinpointed out, transit stations are a challenging building type to fulfill a LEED checklist. But all seven architecture firms demonstrated innovative green strategies for each station, from the materials used, to their lifecycle costing. The boring technology used for the Canada Line project was itself nothing short of miraculous, as the drill moved under the city and its population, removing the excavated dirt and positioning the curving concrete panelsall visible to passengers on the train. The current experi20 canadian architect 03/11
ence of riding the train under Cambie Street provides an opportunity to witness the tunnels form as a consequence of budgetary constraints, as the square cut-and-cover changes to the round bore tunnels. The use of one-floor elevators and single escalators at each station is also value engineering writ large, along with the Spartan wall and floor finishes. With three to four small tube steel chairs interspersed about each platform, the platforms themselves are quite small40 metres long compared to the more generous 80-metre platforms used in the Millennium Line. All speak of the frequently unfortunate outcome of combining good intentions with the ubiquitous process of value engineering. So what then are we to make of the stations
themselves? Graham McGarva, principal of VIA Architecturethe planners and architects of the Millennium and Canada Linessays the stations on the Canada Line were never intended to be as prominent as those in the Millennium Line, but neither were they meant to be decorated sheds like the cookie-cutter Expo Line stations. Grouped into six familiesDowntown, Cambie North, Cambie Boulevard, Fraser River, No. 3 Road, and Airportthe stations can be classified as one of three station typologies: architecture in the landscape, the pavilion, and the coverthe most sumptuous example of this being Hector Guimards Art Nouveau mtro entrance in Paris. These covers are also typical of the subways in New York and Toronto, where the stations pres-
opposite
The enTranCe To The yaLeToWn sTaTion is suCCessFuL in aChieVinG an undersTaTed PresenCe in This Busy area oF The CiTy.
ence on the street is no more than a set of stairs descending into the underground station proper. There is then perhaps no one that understands the complexity of realizing a project of this nature more than McGarva, and partner Alan Hart, who is presently running their Seattle office. The process requires the delicate juggling of urban planning, community input, financial partnering, and architecture. Founded in 1984, VIA Architectures office was involved in the planning and realization of 1986 Expo Line, the 2000 Millennium Line, as well as the design for the new Evergreen Line. They are also responsible for such notable Vancouver architecture as the Roundhouse Community Centre and the glass pavilion for the historic Engine 374 steam locomotive. McGarva admits that the Canada Line was a tight ship in regards to its budget, and while much of the design was edited, the essence of the Line still remainsits utilitas. I was equally impressed when he told me about their positive experience on the Millennium Line, and the ability to share the stations with the larger architectural community in Metro Vancouverthe laudable results of which include the iconic Brentwood Station, a legacy that the firm has continued with their three Canada Line stations along No.3 Road in Richmond. The typical stations on the Canada Line are careful exercises in restraint, variations of themes comprised of previously set parameters. As an example, the depth of the platform below grade is equal to the length of two sets of stairs with a landing, all of which corresponds to the escalators that have been used in all the stations (except for two stations which required longer escalators due to their increased depth underground). McGarva also stated that a one escalator up policy has been typical of all the SkyTrain stations, and that this is simply a budgetary restriction. Adding another escalator would require purchasing considerably more real estate at grade. As for the interiors of the underground stations, the material palette was more or less set, leaving them to focus on the layouts, with each corresponding to the stations unique theme. The unfortunate reality is that many of these designs are now either covered by advertising, or are intentionally kept sparse since they may be torn up in the future to either expand or maintain the station. Looking to the future, the Evergreen Line is set to be the fourth line to traverse the Lower Mainland, and as such McGarva believes it is most likely to be similar to the Canada Line in its architectural expression: It wont be as adven-
BoB maTheson
clockwise FroM top
The VanCouVer CiTy CenTre sTaTion aT The GranViLLe and WesT GeorGia inTerseCTion; simiLar To The oTher sTaTions, The maTeriaL exPression oF The BroadWay sTaTion is VirTuaLLy VandaL-ProoF; The GenTLy sWooPinG CurVe oF The BroadWay sTaTions rooF reinForCes The Grade ChanGe aT sTreeT LeVeL; The sTaTions inTeriors FoLLoW a simPLiFied maTeriaL exPression inTended To maximize LiGhT and saFeTy. 21
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marTin TessLer
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clockwise FroM top The sea isLand sTaTion is inTended LarGeLy For air Canada emPLoyees; sea isLand sTaTion is an imPorTanT GaTeWay sTaTion en rouTe To VanCouVers airPorT; The oLymPiC ViLLaGe sTaTion is a VaLuaBLe TransPorTaTion LiFeLine For The neiGhBourhood; an examPLe oF The Canada Lines PuBLiC arT ComPonenT is insTaLLed in FronT oF The oLymPiC ViLLaGe sTaTion; BusBy Perkins+WiLLs hiGhCeiLinGed enTranCe To aBerdeen sTaTion in riChmond ProTeCTs CommuTers From Wind and rain.
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turous as the Millennium Line, which took an explicit mandate. It was a culture and a branding Millennium Line was a brand. SkyTrain before that was not that popular in the public imagination, and it is now, partly through necessity, but [also] because it broke the thing open in the way each station announced itself with an exclamation point. The Canada Line is more like, Dont worry about all that, were just stations. As for the Evergreen Line, I honestly cant call how its going to come out. Maybe some standards will change and some new people will come in and say we need up and down escalators. This
was the decision made with the Expo Line 25 years ago, and it was a big decision as its not just a couple thousand dollars for another escalator its so many more metres of property that moves the alignment, and so you have to buy 17 more properties. Whether the stations are built remains to be seen. The level of complexity remains the same, with an increasingly standardized assemblage of parts and parameters to be coordinated. As a humourous aside, McGarva described building the Yaletown station as the equivalent of constructing a 200-foot highrise underground, lying
on its side, which was then value-engineered to pure utility. Consequently, its aesthetic is the result of the urgency to get the most efficient designuniversal and straightforwardfor the greatest good. Regardless of the Canada Lines construction woes, it has been a success from a functional standpoint, and is now the most used line of the three. That it is loved is undeniable, demonstrated by the long queues on opening day. Its like trying to get on a ride at Disneyland, or lining up to view the Olympic medals during the Games. As an Olympic volunteer myself working in the evenings, I often rode home at midnight when it
The Busy doWnToWn WaTerFronT sTaTion emerGes aT sTreeT LeVeL WiTh a simPLe GLass enCLosure; a WaVy CeiLinG aT The WaTerFronT sTaTions PLaTForm LeVeL is one oF The WaTer-Themed eLemenTs ThaT surViVed The ProjeCTs CosT-CuTTinG measures; PuBLiC arT GraCes The PLaza in FronT oF The marine driVe sTaTion.
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opposite right, top to bottoM
systeM Map ed WhiTe
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a VieW oF BridGePorT sTaTion iLLusTraTes a TyPiCaL aPProaCh To aBoVe-Grade desiGn aLonG The Canada Line.
Marine driVe south cross-section
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martin tessler
PrOJect Waterfront station architects via architecture; hyWel Jones architect (renovations to existing station comPlex) strUctUraL read Jones christoffersen consulting engineers MechanicaL snclavalin inc. eLectricaL aPPlied engineering solutions ltd./stantec consulting ltd. PrOJect vancouver city centre station architect via architecture (Prime)/PBk architects (collaBorating) strUctUraL read Jones christoffersen consulting engineers MechanicaL snclavalin inc. eLectricaL genivar PrOJect yaletoWn roundhouse station architect via architecture strUctUraL read Jones christoffersen consulting engineers MechanicaL snclavalin inc. eLectricaL genivar LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect olymPic village station architect stantec strUctUraL rJc consulting engineers MechanicaL/eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect BroadWaycity hall station architect stantec strUctUraL rJc consulting engineers MechanicaL/eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect king edWard station architect dialog (formerly hotson Bakker Boniface haden) strUctUraL glotman simPson consulting engineers MechanicaL snclavalin inc. eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect oakridge41st avenue station architect dialog (formerly hotson Bakker Boniface haden) strUctUraL glotman simPson consulting engineers MechanicaL snclavalin inc. eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect langara49th avenue station architect dialog (formerly hotson Bakker Boniface haden architects) strUctUraL glotman simPson consulting engineers MechanicaL snclavalin inc. eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect marine drive station architect via architecture (Prime)/PBk architects (collaBorating) strUctUraL fast & ePP MechanicaL/eLectricaL genivar LandscaPe durante kreuk ltd. PrOJect BridgePort station architect via architecture (Prime)/PBk architects (collaBorating) strUctUraL/MechanicaL/eLectricaL genivar PrOJect aBerdeen station architect BusBy Perkins+Will strUctUraL fast & ePP MechanicaL/eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. PrOJect lansdoWne station architect BusBy Perkins+Will strUctUraL fast & ePP MechanicaL/eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. PrOJect richmondBrighouse station architect BusBy Perkins+Will strUctUraL fast & ePP MechanicaL/eLectricaL stantec consulting ltd. PrOJect temPleton station architect Walter francl architecture strUctUraL fast + ePP MechanicaL/eLectricaL mcW consultants ltd. LandscaPe sharPe & diamond landscaPe architecture inc. PrOJect sea island centre station architect Walter francl architecture strUctUraL fast & ePP MechanicaL/eLectricaL mcW consultants ltd. LandscaPe sharPe & diamond landscaPe architecture inc. PrOJect yvrairPort station architect kasian strUctUraL read Jones christoffersen consulting engineers MechanicaL/eLectricaL mcW consultants ltd. LandscaPe sharPe & diamond landscaPe architecture inc.
martin tessler
aBOVe, tOP tO BOttOM BusBy Perkins+Wills three stations in richmond feature roof enclosures that gently lift at the edges to enhance commuters vieWs toWard the city Beyond; aBundant glazing Provides WindBreaks and clear sightlines to ensure Passenger safety; richmonds asian-themed shoPPing malls are visiBle Behind aBerdeen station; the at-grade Plaza Beneath aBerdeen station along no. 3 road.
martin tessler
was full of friendly people talking and laughing positive energy that, to me, will always represent the Canada Line and makes taking the train a pleasurable experience in Metro Vancouver and its surroundings. A remarkable 1.6 million people used the system per day during the Olympics, with SkyTrain usage overall jumping 54%, demonstrating that if you build it, people will ride it. And despite their austere utilitas, the 16 new stations are celebrating what design details they can, propelling minimalism into a new architectural expression. ca
1 See http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/planning/rezoning/
martin tessler
applications/8430cambie/index.htm for more information.
Sean Ruthen is a Vancouver-based architect and writer.
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approaching net-Zero energy
ThisarTiclediscussessomeofThesTraTegies usedandchallengesfacedinmovingTo zero-energyconsumpTionbuildings,illusTraTedbyTwonewcanadianbuildings wiThambiTiousenvironmenTalgoals.

teXt
markbessoudo,Jennymcminn,ian Theakeranddougwebber
There is growing awareness and interest in netzero energy buildings. But what does it take for a large and intensively used building to achieve net-zero energy? Can it be achieved? The Centre for Green Cities at the Evergreen Brick Works in Toronto and the Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS) at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver share several key design strategies that enable the buildings to approach net-zero energy performance within their own site boundaries. However, these two buildings also show that net-zero energy is a very difficult target for larger buildings. In fact, it may be impractical to achieve without scale jumpingusing energy resources beyond the individual buildings site.
energy consumption targets in canada
Building energy consumption targets are increas-
ingly used and discussed by building professionals in Canada, and are typically expressed as either a percent savings (as compared to a reference building), which is a relative target; or as a maximum energy use intensity (EUI), an absolute target (often normalized for differences such as weather and occupancy). EUI refers to the total amount of energy a building consumes from all sources in a year (natural gas, electricity, district heating, etc.), and this metric is increasingly seen as a more credible measure of performance than a relative percent savings value. In Canada, EUI is typically expressed in equivalent kilowatt hours per year per unit of gross floor area (ekWh/y/m2). LEED is the most widely used rating system for new green buildings in North America. There are now more than a dozen LEED-NC Platinum-certified buildings in Canada. Being LEEDs top rating, we expect these to be some of the top energy performers in the country. However, the energy performance of LEED-NC certified buildings is sometimes questioned since the NC rating system rewards projects based on predicted performance, with no need to verify actual performance. To respond to this level of doubt in the market, the US Green Building Council (USGBC)
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scheduledforoccupancyinThe summerof2011,busbyperkins+wills cenTreforinTeracTiveresearchforsusTainabiliTyaTubcisacandidaTeforlivingbuildingchallengecerTificaTion, alongwiThachievingneT-zeroenergy andwaTerconsumpTion.
recently funded a study to evaluate the measured energy performance of LEED-certified buildings.1 According to this study (conducted by the New Buildings Institute), an average LEED Goldor Platinum-certified commercial building in North America has a median EUI of 162 ekWh/y/ m2. This is 60 percent better than Natural Resources Canadas estimate for an average Canadian office building. While the study has generated much debate, controversy, and recently a lawsuit (based on questions regarding the statistical rigour of the analysis), we believe that the general conclusions are sound: that on average, LEED-certified buildings perform better than the market (though even well-designed buildings can be poor performers, depending on the actions of occupants and operators). Although LEED is the most common, the most ambitious energy targets in the Canadian market
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Unless stated otherwise, this article uses site energy as the metric.
centre for green cities, evergreen at the Brick Works in toronto
top
ThebrickworkschimneyhasbecomeaniconforTheredevelopmenT.Theoriginal shellofThered-brickbuildingwasmainTainedTosupporTanew,super-insulaTedexTeriorcladding.aBoVeThefarmersmarkeThasnewhydronicflooring.sTeampipesare TrappedinalayerofconcreTeToprovideThermalcomforTforThousandsofvisiTors.
are included in the International Living Building Institutes Living Building Challenge, which requires a certified project to generate 100% of its energy needs through renewable energy generation (base on one years measured data).
net-Zero energy Buildings
Unlike EUI or percent energy savings, zero seems like a simple and easy-to-understand target. However, in the details it becomes more complex. There are at least four common definitions of net-zero energy: Net-Zero Site Energy: the building produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year within its own site boundaries. Net-Zero Source Energy: the building produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year, when
accounting for upstream inefficiencies. Source energy refers to the primary energy required to generate and deliver the energy consumed at the site. This is of particular importance to electricity, since, on average, 2 to 3 units of energy are consumed at the generating station for every unit of site energy consumed by a building. Net-Zero Carbon: the building produces at least as much energy as it uses with each energy type factored by their respective grid supply carbon intensity.2 Net-Zero Energy Cost: annual revenues from energy sales to utilities by the building owner for energy exported to the grid are equal to or greater than the utility bills paid. Each metric illuminates different issuesimpacting the demands on an individual project.
Evergreens mission is to bring communities and nature together for the benefit of both. Their project known as the Brick Works involves transforming an abandoned 19th-century quarry and brick factory into an environmental community centre in the heart of Torontos ravine system. When completed, the 16-hectare site will include a complex of revitalized historical buildings and industrial structures, several large exhibition halls, ponds, a skating rink, nature trails, a farmers market, and canals that will help manage the Don River waters when in flood. At the heart of this development is the Evergreen Centre for Green Cities, a workspace for themselves and other social entrepreneurs, which will reflect their appreciation for environmental issues. This appreciation led them to target LEED Canada-NC Platinum certification, with a focus on energy efficiency. The Centre for Green Cities was built upon an existing heritage building, integrating existing brick walls, trusses, and columns. The long face of the heritage building was oriented along the north-south axis, posing challenges to the design team with respect to passive solar strategies. Through careful design of the building envelope, the design reduces annual heating and cooling energy by almost 50% relative to ASHRAE 90.1 1999. Improvement strategies include a windowto-wall ratio of 23%; high insulationR-35 walls and R-50 roof; and high-performance window systems (USI 0.9 W/m2K). The windows have wire mesh, movable external shades that control solar gains and act as one of many media for art. The construction of the Centre is largely complete, with partial occupancy as of December 2010. Given the focus on bringing nature to the city, increasing the porosity of the building was important. Operable windows, coupled with three solar, wind, and fan-driven chimneys were included to drive natural ventilation and nighttime air-purge cooling strategies. The design team also focused on the energy consumed through ventilation, which was seen to consume as much energy as envelope losses. Ventilation energy conservation strategies included a high-performance heat recovery system with a desiccant wheel for latent energy, and a glycol run-around loop for sensible energy. These measures are predicted to reduce ventilation heating loads by 42%; CO2 sensors and enthalpycontrolled ventilation are predicted to further reduce fan loads by over 25%. Heating is decoupled from ventilation; heat is provided by an in-floor radiant system on the ground floor and radiators around the perimeter of interior spaces, rather
than through the ventilation system. Careful spacing and selection of high-efficiency fixtures, with daylight and occupancy controls, reduce lighting energy by over 50% relative to ASHRAE 90.11999, with a lighting power density of 6.5 W/m2. Through energy-conserving design alone, the Centre for Green Cities is anticipated to be one the most efficient office buildings in Canada. To further reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Evergreen considered several renewable energy options. During design development, the preferred renewable energy option included a biomass boiler and a solar/cogeneration cooling system. These strategies yielded a predicted building EUI of 71 ekWh/y/m2, 64% better than ASHRAE 90.1 1999 and eligible for all 10 LEED Canada-NC EAc1 energy pointsand provided a positive return on investment. Evergreen is exploring partnership opportunities to fund a 110 Kw (peak) photovoltaic system at the Brick Works site, taking advantage of revenues from Ontario governments feed-in tariff (FIT) program. The office buildings roof alone is not large enough for the anticipated 5,000-square-metre PV array needed for netzero energy; 90 kW are planned for the roof of an adjacent industrial building. In the interim, Evergreen has committed to purchasing Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) from Bullfrog Power for 100% of the buildings annual electricity consumption. Two of Evergreens objectives were to create a great visitor experience, and to cause behavioural change. Through a combination of art, storytelling, and data from a comprehensive measurement and verification system, the intent is for this building itself to be a change agent.
centre for interactive research for Sustainability, University of British columbia in Vancouver
The University of British Columbias Centre for Interactive Research for Sustainability (CIRS) is intended to be the home of UBCs Sustainability Initiative, which combines teaching, research and campus operations. John Robinson, Executive Director of this initiative, worked for over a decade to gain provincial and federal funding, supported from the start by Busby Perkins + Will. Collaborators now include governments and research agencies, non-governmental organizations such as the David Suzuki Foundation, the International Centre for Sustainable Cities, and businesses such as BC Hydro, Haworth, Stantec and Honeywell, among others. CIRS will provide lecture spaces and offices for staff, graduate students and partners, and the BC design community will benefit from its policy, simulation and daylighting research laboratories and engagement theatre. Its Building Monitoring
and Assessment Lab will gather and publish operational performance of the projects green features; the buildings $37-million construction budget reflects the Universitys commitment to understanding how sustainability can be implemented in real life. Scheduled for occupancy in July 2011, the 5,500-square-metre CIRS building includes many elements now commonly seen in many green buildings: drought-resistant native landscaping; green roofs; water conservation and rainwater harvesting; natural daylighting; radiant heating; displacement ventilation; geoexchange heating and cooling; and solar energy collection. What sets the CIRS building apart from other high-performance buildings are its ambitious performance goals, and the rigour of the approach to achieve them. As a candidate for Living Building Challenge certification, goals include net-zero energy and net-zero water consumption, and avoiding the Living Building Challenges Red List of toxic materials. The Athena Institutes EcoCalculator pointed to the use of salvaged wood damaged by the pine beetle to help sequester roughly 600 tonnes of carbon dioxide. Controlling the buildings embodied energy and operating GHG emissions is leading the project to becoming Canadas first GHG-negative building. The UBC campus setting eased passive design to optimize natural energy capture by allowing some flexibility in massing and footprint; the designs massing strategy evolved from a simple cubic form with a narrow internal atrium to a Ushape of narrow floor plates that provide more natural daylighting, views and passive cooling when conditions permit. Load reduction and passive opportunities were also major influences on the envelope design: balancing opaque and glazed areas maximized
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daylighting opportunities while minimizing heat loss. Windows include lower vision sections with shades to control solar loads and glare, with upper clerestory sections to admit natural light deep into interiors; a vegetated brise-soleil will shade the atrium in the summer months while admitting winter sun for heating and lighting. The envelope includes high levels of insulation (R-30 in walls and R-60 in roofs), which allowed an overall window-to-wall ratio of 48%; large glazing areas were placed on the south-east and south-west elevations to provide solar heating. Massing and envelope efforts were matched by attention to conditioning outdoor air. CIRSs mechanical design takes advantage of an opportunity presented by its campus setting, by including a heat pump system that recovers waste heat from an adjacent buildings laboratory exhaust system. The system is expected to serve the adjacent building as well as CIRS, returning roughly 603,500 ekWh/year back to preheat outdoor (ventilation) air. The result is anticipated to reduce natural gas use by UBCs district energy system for a net energy surplus and reduce almost
29
150 tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions annually for both buildings together. These load reductions and efficient systems minimized the amount of energy needed; a 25 kW (peak) solar photovoltaic array is integrated with roof clerestory skylights and is expected to provide almost 10% of the buildings annual electrical energy. In addition, almost three-quarters of domestic water heating is provided by 40kW of solar thermal collectors on the roof, supplemented by heat pumps.
on the path towards net-Zero energy Buildings: the design process
The design process for both CIRS and Brick Works followed four basic steps: 1. Understand the site context by identifying opportunities and constraints presented by the microclimate (e.g., solar path, prevailing winds); the infrastructure serving the building; and local energy resourcesparticularly nearby sources of waste heat. 2. Reduce energy loads for heating, cooling and lighting through appropriate massing, cladding, and building porosity to optimize passive effects (e.g., daylighting, summertime shading, natural ventilation, passive solar). 3. Meet energy loads efficiently through careful design of electrical and mechanical systems and equipment, controls, commissioning, and measurement and verification. Conditioning of outdoor air is largely done with recovery of waste heat. 4. Generate and supply energy from renewable resources such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and solar thermal to meet the remaining energy needs. These resources may be either on the building itself, or may need to draw on a larger area than the building footprint occupies. Both CIRS and Brickworks went to great lengths to reduce energy consumption for heating, cooling and ventilation, and both had great success with careful massing, envelope and systems design.
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Together, they offer several lessons: Creating a net-zero energy building is not easy. All the right conditionsphysical, technical and financialneed to be in place and aligned to optimize an energy strategy to its full potential. The needs of the building program; the constraints of the site, including availability of solar or waste energy resources; and programmatic and financial constraints greatly affect whether and how a building can become self-sufficient in energy terms. Energy conservation efforts have to address all energy uses aggressively. High energy performance starts with reducing energy consumption, and no energy use can be neglected to reduce energy consumption to the point where renewable energy supplies are likely to be sufficient. Both design teams made impressive efforts to identify and assess how all design elements could improve energy performance. Conditioning of outdoor air (ventilation) is a large issue for highly efficient buildings. As envelope losses, internal loads, and lighting energy are reduced, conditioning outdoor air for ventilation grows in importancebut its slice of the energy pie is often masked. Designers would benefit greatly if simulation reports highlight energy consumed by heating, cooling and moving outdoor air, to help create systems that efficiently recover waste heat or passively temper incoming fresh air. Advanced technologies can challenge budgets and schedules. New technologies at the bleeding edge can offer great promise for energy efficiency or harvesting renewable resources. However, if they are still immature, they can have major impacts on the design process, construction schedules, and capital and operating budgets.
looking Beyond the Building Site: Scale Jumping
light that falls on its footprint. A multi-storey building in a dense urban environment will likely be shaded by adjacent buildings and have a relatively small unobstructed roof or wall area for solar collection, compared to the energy needs of the floor area required to meet its functional program. Evergreens Centre for Green Cities program was an adaptive reuse of an existing heritage building, which limited its available roof area and constrained its orientation. Even with extraordinary conservation efforts, there simply wasnt enough roof to collect enough solar energy to meet its needs over the course of a typical year. Similarly, CIRSs building footprint was not large enough to be totally self-sufficient in energy consumption with the program it aims to satisfy. To approach net-zero energy performance, both the CIRS and Brick Works design teams were required to look beyond their individual site footprints. Acknowledging that energy-generating strategies at a larger scale than the individual building may be a better use of limited fiscal and design resources, the Living Building Challenge introduced the idea of scale jumping. The Challenge recognizes that it may be more valuable for larger buildings to share or generate energy resources at the block, neighbourhood, community or larger scales, than to try and achieve net-zero energy in each individual building. As a result, many Living Building Challenge projects use waste energy or renewable energy generated at a larger scale than the individual building site. Just as buildings and their programs do not sit in social and economic isolation, so too should their energy targets respond to and take advantage of the larger energy context, the better to contribute to overall environmental performance. ca
1 Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings. 2 Torcellini et al. Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the
New Buildings Institute, 2008.
Net-zero site energy at the building scale is not always the best solution. Massing for daylighting, access to winds and solar gains can greatly help smaller buildings or those with generous sites approach a net-zero target. However, larger buildings often dont have sufficient site space to capture renewable resources to meet their needs; the larger the building, the less likely it will be able to meet its energy needs exclusively from the sun1 olarThermalpanelsorienTed s forsummercooling 2sTorageTanks 3absorpTionchiller 4ahu 5 oolairdeliveredThrough c raisedaccessfloor 6 oolairdeliveredThrough c hollowconcreTeplanksTo ceilingdiffusers
Definition. National Energy Renewable Laboratory (NREL), June 2006.
Mark Bessoudo, Jenny McMinn, Ian Theaker and Doug Webber are members of Halsall Associates Green Planning and Design team. As a national leader, Halsall has provided green building consulting on over 400 projects including new and existing buildings and communities.
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Bringing healthy design to the suBurBs
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More than 50 years of dire warnings concerning the long-term effects of dehumanizing, energydraining design in the suburbs have played out pretty much as feared. Alienating, car-centric environments are widely seen as a major factor in making chronic diseases the plague of this century. Dismal places that discourage physical and mental activity are increasingly recognized as contributing to a public health crisis with a human face and economic price tag that can no longer be ignored. Preventable medical conditions, such as 80% of cardiovascular disease occurrences, place an estimated extra burden of $24 billion on the Canadian medical system annually, including losses in productivity. Obesity rates for 25- to 34-year-old Canadians have more than doubled since 1978-79. The number of children considered obese and overweight has climbed from 15% to 26% during that same period. A 2009 report commissioned by the Canadian Diabetes Association predicted that the number of Canadians living with diabetes linked to overweight would grow from 1.3 million in 2000 to 3.7 million by 2020. We are now medicalizing the problems people
are experiencing with their environment, says Dr. Richard J. Jackson, Chair of the School of Health at UCLA and former Director of the US National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If designers and public health professionals work together, we can help treat and prevent chronic diseases with built environment therapy.
a shift in the Market
There is some encouraging light on the horizons of those sickly strip malls and acres of asphalt. Soaring energy costs, resource conservation efforts and evolving lifestyle choices are driving demand for healthier, more liveable suburban communities. Long commutes are shunned by Generation Y, while Baby Boomers want to age in places that feature walkable, diverse and vibrant neighbourhoods. This adds up to a marketdriven demand for repurposing and retrofitting underperforming retail, parking lots, big box stores and office parks. Intensified Eco-Towns and Creative Hubs comprised of arts centres, libraries, educational facilities, big box farms and nursing homes are beginning to appear and spawn ideas for innovative conversions. More than 80 examples of such suburban
transformations are presented in Retrofitting Suburbia by Ellen Dunham-Jones, AIA, Director of the architecture program at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and June Williamson, Associate Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at the City College of New York/CUNY. Their case studies include a former 100-acre mall in Lakewood, Colorado that has been redeveloped over a 10-year period into 23 walkable urban blocks, publicly owned streets, LEED-certified buildings and sustainable site design. This example has inspired eight of the 13 area malls to move forward with plans for applying urban design principles to their suburban settings. Dunham-Jones says that the challenge as this movement gains momentum is to raise public expectations for design quality. Otherwise, suburban renewal eyesores may echo the infamous failed urban renewal projects of the past.
how to cultivate demand for healthy design
Generations of architects who expressed a desire to educate the public regarding aesthetic values have had mixed success in creating design quality champions. But there is an alternative way of
31
increasing the demand for better design: research on how adults learn indicates that active, question-based dialogue regarding personally meaningful criteria is the most effective way to build appreciation for new ideas. In essence, to change the minds of developers and others who have traditionally invested in pathogenic places, it is necessary to think together about the many advantages of healthy design and how design quality can be achieved most economically. Green design, universal accessibility to public buildings, and banning smoking are three examples of how entrenched attitudes can change when external forces shift and decision-makers see why it is in their personal interest to support a movement. To help develop broad-based support for design quality, our visual literacy conversations with clients and the general public are grounded by this fundamental question: Does the design create health or erode health? We further illuminate our ultimate test of creating health in terms of five dimensions, or Vital Signs. These common terms are easier for non-architects to relate to than academic-oriented architectural lingo such as mixed use or sense of place. 1. Nature: Does the design make connections with the natural world? 2. Authenticity: Does the design convey locally inspired character? 3. Variety: Does the design provide visual interest and support diverse activities? 4. Vitality: Does it convey a sense of energy and stimulate social interaction? 5. Legacy: Are we creating a design that is beyond sustainable in terms of advancing long-term health and prosperity?
go for gut reactions
Projects that are considered technically sustainable, walkable and liveable may still be oppressively dreary or disorienting (e.g., fake historical villages, monotonous sheds). Architects have tended to pursue a didactic, intellectual path to enlightening clients regarding gaps in aesthetics. However our experience indicates that engaged citizens can learn to be appalled by poor-quality design. In our view, it is critical for decisionmakers to develop an emotional reaction to unhealthy design that is on par with their visceral reaction when they see a mother smoking near her child or when they encounter a polluted river. At one time, the public may have turned a blind eye to these sights, but now people have become sensitized to the associated health consequences. Such emotional reactions are based on deeply held beliefs rather than shallow buy in and therefore can be very powerful motivators for action.
lead the Quest for a health-creation society
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All around us we can see how industrial-era thinking has led to dysfunctional financial practices, unsustainable medical systems, and angry citizens with pervasive anxiety and depression; we also experience the consequences of educational models that focus on teaching at the expense of learning, as well as careless abuse of the natural and built environment. These conventions of the past add up to the unsustainable, pill-popping, illness-coping society we face today. As the overwhelming cost of managing chronic diseases continues to set off calls for drastic solutions, citizens need to ask
why, for example, obesity is growing at an alarming rate in contrast to the rare condition it was only 50 years ago. Unhealthy weight must be understood as the symptom of a larger complex problem that has roots in the life-sapping design of our cities, suburbs, office buildings, schools and hospitals. Prevention has become the mantra of every health-care organization today, but we cannot rely on our medical system to solve the deeper causes of ill health. Getting serious about making dramatic reductions in health-care spending will entail more than imposing austerity measures on our hospitals and renaming disease-treating medical facilities health centres. If we look upstream beyond managing chronic illness to participate in a health-creation society, we can radically reduce unnecessary costs while enhancing long-term prosperity. ca Tye S. Farrow is a Senior Partner at Farrow Partnership Architects, where Sharon VanderKaay is the Director of Knowledge Development. They both discuss the design process and how innovation happens on The Nature of Innovation, Farrow Partnerships blog at http://farrowpartnership.wordpress.com/ which includes a video of Tyes pitch for healthier design at the Mayo Clinics Transform 2010 symposium.
Books
reVieWed BY
BREndAnCoRMiERAndiAnChodikoff
Body heat: the story of the Woodwards redevelopment EditedbyRobertEnright.Vancouver:Blueimprint, 2010.
Bracket [on Farming] EditedbyMasonWhiteandMayaPrzybylski.Barcelona:ACTAR,2010.
Bracket is a new yearly publication put together by Archinect and InfraNet Lab and published by Actar. Composed of a diverse and changing editorial board coupled with globally sourced contributions from architects, designers and academics, the publication aims to document overlooked issues at the intersection of architecture, environment and digital culture. The inaugural issues theme is farming, a choice that seems to ride the current zeitgeist of architectural speculation and popular interest in food production methods. Divided into six themesseeding, hybrids, allotments, yield, combines and sequenceeach is concluded by a member of the editorial board with an essay tying that theme into a greater historic architectural context. Natalie de Vries of MVRDV reflects on her firms past farming projects, Charles Waldheim looks back on three seminal urban-agrarian visions by Wright, Hilberseimer and Branzi, and Mason White discusses an alternative reading of architecture as a productive surface. Maya Przybylskis essay is especially illuminating as it places into proper context the full significance of Stewart Brands Whole Earth Catalog. Project contributions are equally stimulating. Ryan Lingard puts forth a beautiful piece waxing poetic on the evolution of a poplar farm in Oregon. Neeraj Bhatia and others present an adjustment strategy for the typical Chinese urban village, and Craig England debuts his farm-planning tool FoodMatrix, a simple series of flash cards which describe different crop yields, demands, inputs and outputs. Bracket [On Farming] is thorough, diverse and insightful, making it an essential read for anyone looking to probe the limits of architectural-agricultural speculation. Bc
It demands a great deal of effort, heart and soul from a diverse range of people to improve a neighbourhood. Guided by architect Gregory Henriquez of Henriquez Partners Architects, such a complex group of public and private interests have succeeded in turning around one of Canadas poorest postal codes with a large-scale urban project intended as a catalyst for change the recently completed Woodwards mixed-use redevelopment in Vancouvers Downtown Eastside. The story has been brought to life with Body Heat: The Story of the Woodwards Redevelopment, a richly illustrated account of the redevelopment process leading toward its realization, told through an insightful collection of 23 essays documenting one of the most socially and culturally sensitive Canadian urban redevelopment projects in recent memory. As architect and educator Chris Macdonald describes it, Woodwards was the perfect storm of architectural capacity, political will, community support, client commitment andunquestionablyhistorical moment. First opened in 1903, the Woodwards flagship store on Hastings Street finally closed its doors in 1993, sealing the fate of its Downtown Eastside urban context which had already been deteriorating for several years. Economic and social problems manifested by drug use, prostitu-
tion, homelessness and declining commercial activity was increasingly prevalent in the area. After the defunct department stores imposing building was abandoned, the site was purchased by a developer in 1995 who immediately sold the attached parking garage to the City and made a failed attempt to build 400 market condos. This marked the beginning of a series of events that coincided with the creation of the Woodwards Cooperative Housing Society, more failed real estate proposals and further protests. By 2004, Westbank Projects Corporation and Petersen Investment Group, along with Henriquez Partners Architects, were selected to redevelop the block. By 2007, construction began on the one-millionsquare-foot redevelopment comprising 200 units of low-cost housing, art and theatre facilities for Simon Fraser University, municipal and federal government offices, shops, and 536 market condos. Body Heats collection of interviews and photo essays include many of the individuals involved in the projectfrom developer Ian Gillespie to Kevan Losch, a crane operator. Other voices represented include municipal leaders, social activists, housing experts, and consultants who dedicated countless hours to the project, which was eventually completed in 2010. The closing interview with Gregory Henriquez reinforces the role of his practice as a facilitator and negotiator for achieving socially responsible architecture. The books odd title is derived from an expression used by Henriquez at the outset of his involvement in the project; Robert Enright
33
explains Henriquezs view that body heat is 5,000 people a day doing any number of unexceptional things: attending classes, watching a film, going to the bank or drugstore, shopping, hanging out. Body Heat is a narrative of conventional urban life; it is a story of living and working in a neighbourhood. This book is a rare document that gives a voice to countless individuals responsible for bringing new life to an old neighbourhood. ic
Grounded: the Work of Phillips Farevaag smallenberg EditedbykeltyMckinnon.Vancouver:Blueimprint, 2010.
There are several issues which become apparent when reading Grounded, an overview of the work of Vancouver-based Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg (PFS), one of this countrys most highly recognized landscape architecture firms. The first issue that comes to mind is the realization that relatively few landscape architecture firms consistently produce highly designed and technically complex projects in Canada compared to the number of architecture firms practicing today. Studying the variety of public landscapes that PFS
has completed over its nearly 20-year history is astounding. Their work critically defines the historical and cultural characteristics of place, such as Richmond City Hall and the restoration of the Vimy Memorial in France. Clearly, the skill sets of landscape architects are considerably different than those of architects. Learning about and appreciating these differences through the work of PFS and their collaborators is extremely enlightening. To deepen the understanding of the complementarities and commonalities, essays by Bruce Kuwabara, Ken Greenberg and Julian Smith demonstrate the respect and collegiality amongst colleagues who have worked with PFS. Other contributors, such as Michael Van Valkenburgh and Douglas Paterson, provide words of wisdom from an esteemed peer and mentor respectively. A second issue that surfaces in the book is the way in which PFSs work represents a highly unassuming yet effective response to both Vancouverism and landscape urbanismcoined terms whose continued mention in the design profession and popular press in recent years has grown tiresome. When it comes to Vancouverism, most architects tend to look skyward at the many high-rise developments in Vancouver over the past two decades, yet PFSs work on Coal Harbour,
Langara College and the forthcoming Cates Park/ Whey-ah-Wichen Park illustrates a far more complex relationship between cultural and climatic aspects of the West Coast and Vancouvers urbanity than what many architects in BC often fail to achieve. As for the discussions relating to landscape urbanism, PFS exemplifies what it means to engage with the city while understanding its formal and ecological components. The firms own approach to landscape urbanism moves people in, out and through both public and private spaces taking into account such considerations as shade, seating and the precise deployment of trees and plantings necessary for order and layering. To wit: Torontos Sherbourne Park. As simple a lesson as it might seem, Kelty McKinnon, Grounded editor and senior landscape architect at PFS explains: Without architecture, landscape is illegibleits spatial qualities dependent on its circumscription. As demonstrated by Rubins vase (the famous double image of a black vase and two white faces), the eye is only able to perceive either figure or ground at any one time, never simultaneously. One occludes the other. Indeed, architecture and landscape architecture need each other to flourish, and Grounded clearly illustrates this point. ic
Completely Updated to Current Practice and Technology.

SECOND EDITION
BIM Handbook
A Guide to Building Information Modeling
for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors
BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors Second Edition
Chuck Eastman, Paul Teicholz, Rafael Sacks, Kathleen Liston The BIM Handbook presents the technology and processes behind BIM to aid architects, engineers, contractors and sub-contractors, construction and facility owners (AECO). The BIM Handbook combines in-depth technical background, business process discussion of each of the major professional groups in AECO, and offers guidelines for assessment, adoption, and use. It includes real world case studies identifying both the benefits and successes of BIM, and study questions for professionals, educators, and students to engage in discussions about the many issues with respect to implementing and transitioning to BIM. 978-0-470-54137-1 | Cloth | April 2011 | 632 pages | $102.00
CHUCK EASTMAN PAUL TEICHOLZ RAFAEL SACKS KATHLEEN LISTON
Available wherever books are sold and online. For more Wiley architecture titles, please visit www.wiley.ca/architecture
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January 29-June 12, 2011 In this exhi bition at Architecture at York Quay Centre in Toronto, participating firms Drew Mandel Architects, Reigo & Bauer, and studio junction inc. explore the insertion within the Toronto streetscape of those houses which are designed of our times in contrast to the existing neighbour hood aesthetic. Toronto visual artist Luke Painter further comments on the subject by providing some fan tastical imagery for the exhibition. www.harbourfrontcentre.com/ visualarts/architecture_winter11.cfm#A
Palladio at Work
tion. Curator Guido Beltramini ad dresses contemporary questions and gives new insight on Palladios work ing method through diverse refer ence materials, images and texts. www.cca.qc.ca/en/exhibitions/1205palladio-at-work
You Are Here: Architecture and Experience
March 3-May 22, 2011 This focused examination of 15 drawings by the late Italian Renaissance master An drea Palladio (15081580) is drawn from the collections of the Royal In stitute of British Architects, and also includes his influential book I Quattro Libri dellArchitettura (1570) and other material from the CCA Collec
March 5-May 29, 2011 This exhibition at the Heinz Architectural Center in Pittsburgh reveals the photographs of German artist Candida Hfer and a video and etchings by French art ist Cyprien Gaillardwho explore architectural environments and how they influence experiences and per ceptions of the world. Both artists express the formative power of architecture in different but com plementary ways. www.cmoa.org
Patchwork
March 9-26, 2011 This exhibition of felt quilts by artist Kathryn Walter
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takes place at the Gladstone Hotel Caf in Toronto, and reveals her re worked remnants of industrial wool felt from her studio production into this series of quilts. Rather like painting, the artist arranges the pieces in relation to one another, making choices of form and colour, over the course of building the whole. www.gladstonehotel.com
Why Manhattan is the Greenest City in North America
Stephen Teeple: Recent Works
March 22, 2011 As part of the Bult haupsponsored lecture series, Ste phen Teeple of Teeple Architects Inc. in Toronto delivers this lecture at 6:30pm at the Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design at the University of Toronto. www.daniels.utoronto.ca/bulthaup_ spring_2011_lecture_series
Craig Dykers lecture
Ten, Jo Wright of Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios, Nick Sully and Alec Smith of SHAPE Architecture, and Derek Lee of the PWL Partnership.
New Types
Environmental Design, Marcelo Spina of Patterns Architecture in Los Angeles speaks at 7:00pm at the Uptown Stage and Screen in Calgary. www.evds.ucalgary.ca
Alex Sainsbury and Margaret Zeidler in conversation
March 17, 2011 New Yorkbased David Owen, staff writer at The New Yorker and author of Green Metropolis, delivers this lecture at 8:00pm at the Playhouse Theatre in Vancouver.
Wes Jones: SouperGreen
March 23, 2011 As part of Carleton Universitys Forum Lecture Series, Craig Dykers of Snhetta delivers a lecture at 6:00pm at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa.
Low-Energy Landscapes: Teaching and Learning with Low-Energy Buildings and Landscapes
March 29, 2011 Hitoshi Abe, princi pal of Atelier Hitoshi Abe in Sendai/ Los Angeles and chair of the UCLA Department of Architecture and Urban Design, delivers this lecture at 6:00pm at UBC Robson Square in Vancouver.
One of a Kind Spring Show
March 21, 2011 This lecture by Wes Jones of jones, partners: archi tecture in Los Angeles takes place at 6:00pm in Room G10 of the MacdonaldHarrington Building at McGill University. www.mcgill.ca/architecture/lectures/
March 30-April 3, 2011 Celebrate spring with fresh handmade Cana dian collections by 450 artisans and designers at the One of a Kind Spring Show, taking place at the Direct Energy Centre in Toronto. www.oneofakindshow.com
Marcelo Spina lecture
April 7, 2011 Taking place at 7:30pm at the Prefix Institute of Contem porary Art in Toronto, Alex Sains bury, the founding director of Raven Row, a new nonprofit contempor ary art exhibition centre housed in a restored historic building in Lon don, engages in a conversation with Margaret Zeidler, founder and president of Urbanspace Property Group in Toronto. www.prefix.ca
FormoreinFormationabout these,andadditionallistingsoFCanadianandinternationalevents,pleasevisit www.canadianarchitect.com
March 28, 2011 This lecture takes place at 6:30pm in Room 100 of the Math ematics Building at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, and features Patrick Bellew of Atelier
April 7, 2011 As part of the Design Matters lecture series hosted by the University of Calgarys Faculty of
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harbour city revisited

LeFt
Harbour City was designed as a City of islands, waterways and Canals providing a range of Housing and serviCes, loCated west of torontos downtown.
Harbour City was initially ConCeived as a 735-aCre Community Housing 60,000 people. in 1971, ontario plaCe opened and remains tHe only portion of tHe sCHeme tHat was ever built.
text
photo
brendan Cormier Zeidler partnersHip arCHiteCts
This summer, the Ontario Place Corporation, an agency of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, issued a Request for Information to gather innovative ideas to re-energize the waterfront around Ontario Place. The iconic Toronto waterfront park, which opened in 1971, consists of a five-pod pavilion, the worlds first IMAX theatre, an open-air forum and a marina, has seen a substantial drop in annual attendance over the last decade. In thinking about the future of Ontario
Place, many people have suggested looking to the past to better understand the architectural zeitgeist that influenced its development. And so a look at Harbour City is particularly illuminating. Harbour City was a master plan commissioned by the provincial government and designed by Craig, Zeidler & Strong, in consultation with Jane Jacobs, Hans Blumenfeld and others. It represented a strategy to repurpose the island airport adjacent to Ontario Place by turning it into a new waterfront community of 60,000 residents. The vision for the plan consisted of dig-
ging up parts of the island and filling in sections of the lake to form a series of canals and bays, creating a water city similar to Venice or Amsterdam. Both cities are explicitly referenced in the plan documents. Reacting to concerns about high-rise development at the time, the plan proposed to be a horizontal groundscrapera low-rise development that people could travel across using horizontal elevators. Traffic was strictly separated from pedestrian activity and buildings were planned to straddle the street. Modernist anachronisms aside, the development contains several urban design elements that are still used today, including the fine-grained mixture of building footprints, clever parking solutions, and an emphasis on dense downtown living. The plan was also intended to be fully integrated with public transit. In fact, the development was a chance to put into practice many of the principles that Jane Jacobs had laid out in her book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Not surprisingly, she lauded the project as probably the most important advance in planning for cities that has been made this century. Unfortunately, we will never be able to fully judge the plans merits because it was never realized. It was ironically shelved by some of Jacobss most fervent supporters, including Mayor David Crombie and Councillor John Sewell because of growing public concern that the development would necessitate the construction of the Spadina Expressway, and that it would increase pollution in the lake. Harbour City was an expression of the Provinces vision to have Torontonians living by the lake. Its failure has meant that the waterfront area around Ontario Place has remained without a significant residential base, perhaps contributing to the developments attendance problems. Some have suggested that a residential strategy might be what Ontario Place needs to regain its former glory. However, with the closing of the Island Airport nowhere in sight, the opportunity for a coordinated vision such as Harbour City may be lost. ca Brendan Cormier is part of the Toronto-based research and design collective called the Department of Unusual Certainties.
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