Liquid Cotton: Luthai

I don't think that liquid cotton is a speciIic product used in dyeing. It's not cellulose dissolved by
use oI acids or enzymes, Ior example.

Liquid Cotton is a brand name that has been used in several contexts. DOW Chemical
corporation is advertising an elastic Iiber, DOW XLA, which is based on polypropylene (oleIin)
that is completely encased in cotton threads. Licodes interior decoration is selling a product
called Liquid Cotton as a wall covering material. Calvin Klein is selling shirts made oI a cotton
material that they call Liquid Cotton, probably only because oI its drape (perhaps there is some
small percentage oI stretch Iiber included).

II there is a special procedure such as you're thinking oI, the manuIacturers have Iound a rather
unoriginal and non-unique name Ior it.
Source(s):
Supima Cotton Fact Sheet
Whut Joex Suplmu meun?
The name "Supima

" is a licensed trademark owned by Supima and its members. It is used to

promote textile and apparel products made of 100% American Pima cotton, but is strictly controlled by
the grower organization. The name "Supima" is an abbreviation for Superior Pima.
Whut lx Plmu cotton?
Pima cotton is a generic name for extra-long staple (ELS) cotton grown in the U.S., Australia, Peru
and in very limited production in a few other locations around the world. Pima is from the gossypium
barbadense species, compared to gossypium hirsutum to which upland cotton belongs. The primary
differences between Pima (ELS growths) cotton and upland cotton are staple length and strength of
the fiber. In the U.S., cotton is considered to be ELS or Pima if it is an inch and 3/8 or longer. Its
strength and uniformity measurements are considerably higher than those of upland cotton.
Whut lx the Jlfference between Plmu unJ Suplmu?
The name "Pima" is the generic term generally applied to ELS cotton grown in the U.S., Peru, Israel
and Australia. The name was given to the ELS cotton being grown in the Southwest U.S. in about
1910. It had previously been called American-Egyptian cotton but was renamed to honor the Pima
Indians who were growing the cotton for the USDA in Sacaton, Arizona, where the government's ELS
breeding program was being conducted. "Supima" is the trademark name used to promote and market
textile and apparel products made with 100% American Pima cotton. Supima provides licensing
agreements to textile mills, manufacturers and retailers for the expressed purpose of promoting
specific apparel and textile products in high-end retail outlets. Industry people often refer to American
Pima cotton as "Supima cotton."
oex the uxe of the nume Plmu guuruntee u proJuctx cotton content?
Not necessarily. In the past, some textile products that were labeled or marketed as "Pima cotton"
goods were not always made of all-Pima cotton.
The Supima

trademark is the consumer's only guarantee that a product is made of 100% American
Pima cotton. The Federal Trade Commission ruled in June of 1997 that manufacturers and retailers
would have to itemize cotton source content on any apparel or textile product when the name of a
premium fiber was being used. For example, a product made of 60% U.S. Pima cotton and 40%
upland cotton could be labeled and marketed as 100% cotton. But if the retailer or manufacturer
wants to mention the Pima name in the labeling or marketing, they would have to list the content of
both the Pima and the upland cotton. The content should be listed based on weight percentage.
Whutx the Jlfference between Suplmu unJ Fgyptlun cotton?
All cotton grown in Egypt is "Egyptian" but it is not all ELS cotton. Egypt is one of the largest
producers of ELS cotton in the world, but it consumes much of what it produces. The majority of what
it exports is long staple cotton, not ELS cotton. However, the description "Egyptian cotton" conjures in
the mind of many consumers the image of the very finest and longest cottons in the world. Egypt does
produce and sell some of the best ELS cotton in the world, but it amounts to less than 15% of annual
global ELS cotton exports, and is approximately 40% of Egyptian cotton exports. Supima cotton has
become the cotton of choice among the world's fine count yarn spinners.
Why lx Suplmu u premlum cotton?
Pima accounts for only three percent of annual cotton production in the United States. Its fineness and
longer staple length makes Pima a premium cotton fiber. It is used to spin finer count yarns, which
can be knitted or woven into softer, finer and more luxurious fabrics. It is grown in select areas of the
far West and Southwest U.S. where the cotton can benefit from a long growing season in a hot, dry
climate. Pima cotton is grown almost exclusively on furrowed rows where growers can closely regulate
irrigation and other inputs. Its production costs can vary in different states and regions, but it
generally runs about the same as upland cotton costs in the same area. Ginning is more expensive
because Pima cotton is roller-ginned, not saw-ginned like upland cotton. Pima is grown in Arizona,
California, New Mexico and Texas.
How Jo Suplmu
)
proJuctx beneflt the conxumer?
Products made from 100% American Pima cotton will have superior strength to a product made of
upland cotton or upland/Pima blended cottons, which will improve the durability and increase the
lifespan of the textile and apparel products. Because of the fineness of Supima cotton, more fibers can
be spun into a yarn of a given count, which will enhance the feel and softness, drapeability and
brilliance of color of a fabric.
Ix Plmu cotton u new breeJ of cotton?
No. Pima cotton traces its ancestry to the famous Sea Island cottons that were produced in the
southeast United States in the 1700's. That cotton was then bred with Egyptian cottons to produce the
contemporary ELS cottons that have evolved in the U.S. since the turn of the 20th century. The
USDA's Pima Improvement Project has been responsible for the significant advances in Pima
development of the last 50 years that have produced varieties S-5, S-6 and S-7. Each bore substantial
improvement over its predecessor in yield potential and fiber characteristics. Commercial varieties
with fiber properties similar to S-7 have since been released.
Ix Suplmu cotton only xolJ ln the UnlteJ Stutex?
No. More than 90% of annual U.S. Pima consumption is offshore. Most of the consumption today is
seen in South Asia (Pakistan and India) and China. Although Japan and Indonesia continue to be
strong importers of Supima

cotton, other nations such as Taiwan and Peru have also risen to the top
in terms of Supima cotton imports. These nation's purchases account for over 80% of all the U.S.
Pima cotton exports.
Why Joexnt the U.S. textlle lnJuxtry conxume more Suplmu cotton?
Domestic textile mills are predominantly medium to coarse count yarn producers. However, the U.S.
does consume approximately 65,000 bales of U.S. Pima cotton a year. This figure has fallen from a
high of about 120,000 bales of annual consumption several years ago. The decrease in annual
domestic consumption speaks to the increasing cost of production in the U.S. In 1998/99 the U.S. was
the largest consumer of Supima cotton. However, as more of the brands/retailers in the U.S.
outsource their supply, foreign nations have jumped to the top of the list of Supima consumers.
Where cun I flnJ Suplmu-brunJeJ textlle unJ uppurel proJuctx?
Supima can be found at finer department and specialty stores nationwide. Retailers carrying Supima
product include Bloomingdales, Nordstrom's, Brooks Brothers, Lord & Taylor, Linens N' Things and Bed
Bath and Beyond. Supima product can also be found in direct mail-order catalogs from Land's End,
Linensource and LL Bean. Examples of brands carrying Supima trademarked-products include Ralph
Lauren (towels), WestPoint Stevens (towels and sheets), Springs Wamsutta (sheets), Perry Ellis
(men's dress shirts), Slazenger (golf shirts) and Michael Stars (women's knits). The Supima

trademark is your guarantee that the product contains Supima, the world's finest cotton. No other
trademark can guarantee a product's luxury cotton content.
$&!

...the Worlds Finest Cotton.

$&! CO11OA

Why it is so special?

Pima cotton is a generic name Ior extra-long staple (ELS) cotton grown mostly in the
United States, Australia, and Peru. Pima is Irom the gossypium barbadense species, compared to
gossypium hirsutum. The gossypium hirsutum variety is commonly called upland cotton and is
a shorter in length and strength. ELS cotton is at least an inch and 3/8 or longer. U.S. Pima
cotton Iiber is among the longest cotton staple lengths in the world with an average length
exceeding 1 7/16.

The name 'Supima is a licensed trademark owned by Supima and its members. It is
used to promote textile and apparel products made oI 100 American Pima cotton. The name
'Supima is an abbreviation Ior Superior Pima.

The name 'Pima is the generic term generally applied to ELS cotton grown in the U.S.,
Peru, Israel and Australia. The name came in honor oI the Pima Indians who were growing the
cotton Ior the USDA in Sacaton, Arizona, where the government`s Pima breeding program was
being conducted in about 1910. Supima is the trademark name that guarantees that the product is
made oI 100 American Pima cotton. Just the word cotton on the label does not assure you that
it is top quality cotton in the garment.

Only 3oI the annual cotton produced in the United States is Pima. It can only be grown
in select areas where the cotton is Iully irrigated and beneIits Irom a longer growing season in a
hot, dry climate. Ginning is more expensive because Pima cotton is roller-ginned, not saw-
ginned like upland cotton. Pima is grown in Arizona, CaliIornia, New Mexico and Texas.

ELS allows Iabrics to have the highest tensile strength which are available, up to 50
stronger than other cotton varieties. Pima is used to spin Iiner count yarns, which can be knitted
or woven into soIter, Iiner and more luxurious Iabrics. Supima branded Iabrics and textiles
have all the desirable characteristics oI cotton; comIort, absorbency, easy care, Ireedom Irom
static cling. Plus, they have the added qualities oI better strength, Iineness oI hand, luster and
silkiness.

We hear about Egyptian cotton and you might have wondered what the diIIerence is Irom
Supima and Egyptian cotton. All cotton grown in Egypt is 'Egyptian but it is not all ELS
cotton. Egypt is one oI the largest producers oI ELS cotton in the world, but it consumes much
oI what it produces and exports very little ELS cotton. When we see the word 'Egyptian cotton
most people think oI it as very Iine and long staple, but actually it amounts to less then 15 oI
annual global ELS cotton exports.

Pima cotton traces its ancestry to the Iamous Sea Island cottons that were produced in the
southeast U.S. in the 1700`s. That cotton was then bred with Egyptian cottons to produce the
contemporary ELS cottons that have evolved in the U.S. since the turn oI the 20
th
century.
Today the U.S. consumes an average oI 100,00 bales (a bale is 480 pounds) oI U.S. Pima cotton
a year.
'Supima is truly a trademark that deIines luxury and added value with the most
desirable aesthetics in the textile world




AII the Egyptian Cotton Varieties Are VaIiant
While our famous Giza 45 Variety is only 12000 Cantars (600 Tons), with its silky touch
is the king of all cottons (Stl 35 mm g/tex 43 Elongation% 6.5 Mic 3.15 RD 73.5
spinning Consistency index 215).
-t is still cultivated in spite of the decreased Yield / Feddan for a well known Swiss
Manufacturer who uses this cotton for the production of the finest yarn "The Soie Swiss,
or Japanese Silk "are synonyms of the end produced fabrics.
-"Giza 70 "reminds you of the Giza Pyramids the highest of supper quality Spinning
consistency index209 Reflectance RD % 72.8 beautifully lustrous white also silky in
touch STL 35 mm.
-"Giza 88 the Second Pyramid with super strength of 44.1 while Mic 3.65 Creamy with
just 66.3 RD %Spinners who are used to competitive Growths Prefer Giza 88 for its
touch and tough fiber STL 35mm.
-The Famous Extra Long Staple Varieties are well known and introduced To the best
yarn produces or Swiss or ndian, Pakistani South Korean producing NE 200 , 160 or
100 fine yarns will always admire the man planted manually treated Egyptian ELS Giza
Cottons .
Every Old Spinner still remembers Karnak and Menoufi Varieties.
"The Long Staples "
-While "Giza 75 "has already faded a way most of the world spinners still remember The
Extra Long Staple Varieties are closely pulling up All mighty STL 32.3 31.6 29.5 mm
are amongst the best cotton varieties World Wide.
-Second to none in properties Strength, Uniformity color white yellowness below 8.7.
While the least spin ability of 170 of Giza 85 which the Egyptian Local generous spinner
leaves better Giza 89.
-Giza 86 mostly for export still the expert spinners produce NE 100 from Giza 86 Ne 60''''s , 50 ''''s from
Giza 89 , 85 .
-The core of all the industry is the famous Giza Long Staple up to NE 100 The three
Varieties super cedes any other growths.
-Even the subsidies of USPMA coming up to 34 cents did not alter the preference of
the Giza to any other growths.
-Spinners all over the globe whether using partial quantities or 100% Egyptian Long
Staples are most proud to put the newly under promotion Egyptian cotton Logo.
-SUPMA Program and US Step 2 PMA subsidy Program destabilize the world''''s Long
Staple Cotton Market price but never affect the qualities properties of the natural Green
Egyptian Giza.
-The Egyptian Farmer has got a case against US Tax payers. There has been a
significant reduction in foreign matter and cont animation in the recent years imposed
legally and actually while there is a large tendency demanding free of cont animation
free yarns hence forth we are for a program to eliminate most of the foreign matter and
trash.
- The Egyptian Giza cotton medium Long Staples Stl 30.8 Giza 80 creamy strength 38.3
and new Variety Giza 90 and Giza 83 color white with g/tex 34.3 and 34.3 respectively
are most recommended cotton of smooth touch compared to other SV, CS ndian
Long Varieties still the Egyptian Giza is the best
-n spite the economical burden on local mills they were forced to use imported Greek
Sudanese and Syrian cotton.
-Even in the last decade where SV and CAL Ariz. Of CALCOT to produce thick Counts
up to Ne 20.s.
-Still all the Varieties stood firm in the wake of imported cotton fearing the excellent
reputation yarns produced from Egyptian cotton to be affected. "All Egyptian Giza
Cotton Varieties are Valiant.

kohlscom Clossary of labrlc lashlon 1erms
hLLp//wwwkohlscorporaLloncom/ecom/valueadded/ClossaryhLm#

Lgypt|an cttn
Consldered Lhe besL coLLon ln Lhe world CulLlvaLed malnly ln Lhe nlle 8lver valley ln LgypL Lhls grade of
coLLon boasLs Lhe longesL and sLrongesL flbers used ln hlghend Lowels and llnens

|a cttn
Cne of Lhe besL grades of coLLon ln Lhe world ranked rlghL behlnd LgypLlan and Suplma coLLon lL
feaLures long luxurlous flbers used ln hlghend Lowels sheeLs and more Crown ln Lhe souLhwesL unlLed
SLaLes and eru Learn more aL wwwbabyalplmacom

Sup|a
Crown and Lrademarked only by members of Lhe Suplma AssoclaLlon of Amerlca Made of 100
Amerlcan lma coLLon SLrong and sofL 8lvals LgypLlan coLLon as Lhe second sofLesL coLLon ln Lhe world

Sateen
A Lype of fabrlc weave LhaL creaLes a sofL smooLh lusLrous surface 1hls flnlsh ls usually added Lo fabrlcs
llke coLLon ln producLs llke shlrLs sheeLs draperles and upholsLery

IMA CC11CN
Pima cotton is a type of cotton grown primarily in the southwest region of the United States. t is considered to
be one of the superior blends of cotton, and is extremely durable and absorbent. Pima cotton is named after
the Pima Native Americans who first cultivated the plant in the US, but its origins date back to its cultivation in
Peru
Pima cotton bears some similarity to many forms of Egyptian cotton, which is frequently used in towels and
sheets. n other words, a piece of Egyptian cotton has a much more extensive weave than other types of
cotton. Towels made from Egyptian cotton are particularly desirable because they are very soft and help
absorb water from the body quickly.
Since Egyptian cotton was so desirable, the US decided to try growing a type of it in the Southwest, which is a
somewhat similar climate to Egypt. The resultant cotton was a mix of Egyptian and other types of cotton. Pima
cotton is a little shorter than Egyptian cotton but still yields a thread that can be woven multiple times into a
piece of fabric to create a dense, soft fabric.
Pima cotton has long threads similar to Egyptian cotton, which made it an ideal type for development in the US.
Cultivation of this form of cotton became especially popular in the early 20th century. Length of threads make it
a desirable choice for many products since it can be woven into soft dense fabric.
Pima cotton has applications in a wide variety of products. t is used in towels, sheets, and clothing. Pima
cotton in clothing is most often used in shirts for both men and women. Companies like Eddie Bauer and
Land's End boast numerous products. Woven sweaters made with pima cotton are, as well, quite popular. They
are light to wear, yet provide superior warmth.
Men's socks can be made with pima cotton, but will often include some elastic to keep the socks up. Men often
prefer these socks above others because of their softness and density. Additionally they tend not to wear out
quickly.
One of the advantages of pima cotton is that the thickness of the cloth it weaves creates a very durable fabric.
Those who market this cotton claim their products can last up to 50% longer than fabrics made from other
forms of cotton. A disadvantage to pima cotton is that greater absorbency means stains are more readily
formed. Some retailers who use pima in clothing now coat the cloth with an anti-stain guard


HARNE88 N YARN

l am very happy Lo add Lhls arLlcle wrlLLen by Mr.Kamatchi
8undaram All lndla Servlce Manager of vCL1AS L1u lnulA ln my slLe Pe
ls one among Lhe good LechnologlsLs who has lndepLh knowledge abouL LexLlle
Lechnology and splnnlng machlnes l hope Lhls lnformaLlon ls of use Lo Lhe
Lechnlcal people who browse Lhrough Lhls slLe
Hairiness ls a measure of Lhe amounL of flbres proLrudlng from Lhe
sLrucLure of Lhe yarn ln Lhe pasL halrlness was noL consldered so lmporLanL 8uL
wlLh Lhe advenL of hlghspeed looms and knlLLlng machlnes Lhe halrlness has
become a very lmporLanL parameLer
ln general yarn spun wlLh lndlan coLLon show hlgh level of halrlness due Lo Lhe
followlng reasons
1 Plgh shorL flbre conLenL ln mlxlng
2 Low unlformlLy raLlo
3 Plgh splndle speeds
Pence mosL of Lhe lndlan yarns have a halrlness lndex above 30 usLer sLandards
Powever as Lhls parameLer ls becomlng more and more lmporLanL lndlan
splnners are concenLraLlng more on Lhls aspecL and Lry Lo reach aL leasL 23
sLandards by conducLlng loL of Lrlals Pe has conducLed a loL of such sLudles on
halrlness and he ls pleased Lo share hls learnlng's wlLh you

Palrlness ls measured ln Lwo dlfferenL meLhods
. &8TER HARNE88 NDEX:
1hls ls Lhe common meLhod followed ln lndla 1he halrlness lndex P corresponds
Lo Lhe LoLal lengLh of proLrudlng flbres wlLhln Lhe measuremenL fleld of 1cm
lengLh of Lhe yarn
. EGLE HARNE88 NDEX:
1hls zwelgle halrlness measuremenL (S3) glves Lhe number of proLrudlng flbres
more Lhan 3 mm ln lengLh ln a measuremenL lengLh of one meLer of Lhe yarn
lrom Lhe above you can lnfer LhaL usLer halrlness lndex glve Lhe LoLal lengLh of
halrs whereas zwelgle halrlness LesLers glve Lhe absoluLe number of flbres
1hough Lhe laLer measuremenL ls more accuraLe mosL of Lhe lndlan splnners are
sLlll followlng usLer halrlness lndex only
1he facLors effecLlng halrlness can be sub dlvlded lnLo 3 ma[or componenLs
a) 1he flbre properLles
b) ?arn parameLers
c) rocess parameLers
a_THE FBRE PROPERTE8:
llbre lengLh unlformlLy raLlo Mlcronalre and shorL flbre conLenL are Lhe
properLles exerLlng hlgh lnfluence on halrlness Among Lhe above Lhe lengLh and
shorL flbre conLenL exerLlng ma[or lnfluence lor a parLlcular counL hlgher lengLh
of flbre leads Lo lesser halrlness and hlgh shorL flbre conLenL leads Lo hlgh
halrlness
-_YARN PARAMETER:
Palrlness ls dependenL on Lhe number of flbres presenL ln Lhe cross secLlon of Lhe
yarn Pence coarser yanrs have more halrlness compared Lo flner yarns
1he yarn LwlsL ls anoLher ma[or facLor and hlgher LwlsLs lead Lo less halrlness up
Lo a cerLaln exLenL 1hls ls Lhe maln reason whlle hoslery yarns normally have
hlgh halrlness compared Lo warp yarns
Powever ln a mlll condlLlon Lhe flbre parameLers and yarn parameLers cannoL be
ad[usLed Pence Lhe nexL Loplc process parameLers assumes very hlgh
slgnlflcance as Lhls ls Lhe only avallable opLlon aL Lhe mlll level Lo reduce Lhe
halrlness
C_ PROCE88 PARAMETER:
1he preparaLory machlnes do noL have a blg lnfluence on halrlness 1he Speed
frame 8lng frame and Lhe Cone wlnder are Lhe only machlnes Lo be aLLended for
reducLlon ln halrlness l glve below Lhe varlous process parameLers LhaL can be
aLLended for reduclng Lhe halrlness
a_8PEED FRAME:
1 |ng hank lL plays a ma[or role ln Lhe reducLlon of halrlness lor a
parLlcular counL Lhe halrlness of Lhe yarn goes down as Lhe rovlng hank ls made
flner and flner
exap|e lf 30s yarn ls spun wlLh 08 and 10 hank yarn made wlLh 10 hank
wlll glve lesser halrlness Lhan Lhe yarn made wlLh Lhe 08 hank Pence please
conducL a Lrlal wlLh flner rovlng hank Lo reduce Lhe halrlness 1he resulLs of Lhe
sLudy conducLed recenLly aL a leadlng mlll are glven below for your reference on
Lhls polnL

TRAL8 ON HARNE88
EFFECT OF ROVNG HANK ON HARNE88
Ring rail bottom po
Ring rail top postion
CO&NT
24 ch 24 ch 24 ch 24 ch 24 ch 24 ch
ROVNG HK
1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8
8PACER
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
&
8.75 8.8 8.72 8.61 8.54 8.68
thin {-50_
0 0 0 0 0 0
thick {+50_
10 15 15 9 11 14
Neps {+00_
12 18 21 12 14 18
Total P
22 33 36 21 25 32
Hairiness
ndex
7.52 7.86 8.45 6.4 6.48 7.09
8h{-_
1.31 1.3 1.48 1.19 1.27 1.41

ou would note Irom the above that the hairiness as well as imperIections have
improved signiIicantly by using Iiner hank oI the roving.
2. Spacer Size: It is the normal tendency oI the technicians to use spacer as thin as
possible to reduce the U and imperIections. But thinner spacers lead to higher
hairiness. Hence please conduct a trial with a spacer, which is 1.0 to 1.5 mm
thicker than existing spacer.
-_RNG FRAME:
1. #ing Traveller It is generally opined by many technicians that the traveller
plays a major role in hairiness. Though selection oI the traveller plays a small role
in hairiness (specially with reIerence to the yarn clearance), it`s eIIect is quite less.
This is because the yarn contact point with the traveller is quite Iar away Irom the
ring and traveller contact point. Hence even iI the traveller is run Ior a long time,
the hairiness will not increase. But the breakage rate will increase.
2. #ing: It is the general opinion oI some technicians that imported rings give
lesser hairiness than Indian rings. It is also believed by technicians that older
rings give more hairiness. Recent studies / trials conducted by us recently at a
leading mill indicate this not to be true. Please reIer the table below.
EFFECT OF RNG8 ON HARNE88
RINC CUPS TRAIL {TUP PUSITIUN UF THE RINC RAIL]
PARAMETER8 old lmw rings new lmw rings bracker rings
NOMNAL CO&NT 30s CH 30s CH 30s CH
& 9.37 9.59 9.59
Thin {-50_ 0 0 0
Thick {+50_ 24 28 24
Neps {+00_ 51 52 58
Total P 75 80 82
Hairiness ndex 5.4 5.26 5.33
8h{-_ 1.18 1.13 1.17

RNG COP8 TRAL {BOTTOM PO8TON OF THE RNG RAL_
PARAMETER8 old lmw rings new lmw rings bracker rings
NOMNAL CO&NT 30s CH 30s CH 30s CH
& 9.24 9.18 9.24
Thin {-50_ 0 0 0
Thick {+50_ 26 19 27
Neps {+00_ 49 44 46
Total P 75 63 73
Hairiness ndex 6.11 6.06 6.22
8h{-_ 1.27 1.26 1.29
?ou would noLe from Lhe above Lrlals LhaL
a) 1here ls no slgnlflcanL dlfference ln halrlness beLween lmporLed lndlan
rlngs
b) 1here ls also no slgnlflcanL dlfference ln halrlness beLween a new and a one
yearold rlng Powever lf Lhe condlLlon of Lhe rlng ls hlghly worn ouL lL wlll
affecL Lhe halrlness ln shorL Lhe rlng and Lraveller do noL play a ma[or role on
halrlness compared Lo oLher process parameLers whlch are explalned below
3_ 8PACER 8E: Slze of Lhe spacer plays slgnlflcanL role ln reduclng Lhe
halrlness Many Lechnlclans have a Lendency Lo use Lhe LhlnnesL spacer for
reducLlon ln u and lmperfecLlons Powever lL leads Lo slgnlflcanL lncrease ln
halrlness A sLudy conducLed recenLly aL a leadlng mlll proves Lhls polnL lease
refer Lhe Lable below for Lhe above sLudy
EFFECT 8PACER 8E ON HARNE88
Ring rail bottom position Ring rail Top position
CO&NT 24s CH 24s CH 24s CH 24s CH
ROVNG HK 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
8PACER 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
& 8.7 9.06 8.58 8.76
thin {-50_ 0 0 0 0
thick {+50_ 8 15 7 12
Neps {+00_ 14 16 16 19
Total P 22 31 23 31
Hairiness
ndex
7.32 6.72 5.87 5.35
8h{-_ 1.27 1.19 1.07 1.06

?ou would noLe from Lhe above LhaL Lhere ls a slgnlflcanL reducLlon ln halrlness by
uslng Lhlcker spacer Powever Lhe lmperfecLlon has also lncreased
The spacer should be selected such that optimum results are achieved with respect
to imperIections as well as hairiness. We request you to conduct a trial with a
spacer, which is 0.5 to 1mm thicker than the existing spacer. It is needless to
mention that using thicker spacer will increase the imperIections. However iI the
reduction in hairiness is more signiIicant than increase in imperIections it can be
allowed.
_ TP N THE YARN: Increasing the TPI leads to reduction in hairiness and
this is more signiIicant in the case hosiery yarn. Hence iI the hairiness is a bigger
problem Iaced by mill, trials can be conducted by increasing the TPI up to the
allowable limit Ior achieving reduction in hairiness.
5_ LAPPET HEGHT: Reduction in lappet height leads to direct reduction in
hairiness. However care should be taken to ensure that the yarn does not touch the
tip oI the Empties. Please conduct trials with reduced lappet height (Formula
Lappet height 2D5mm).
6_ 8&CTON T&BE 8ETTNG: The suction tube should be set such that
the yarn does not touch the tip oI the suction tube in running. II the yarn touches
the suction tube due to improper setting, it will lead to increase in hairiness.
_ TRAVELLER 8E: Usage oI heavier traveller leads to reduction in
hairiness.
For Example: II the breakage rate in 30s carded hosiery count is same with 4/O
and 6/O traveller, using 4/O traveller will give lesser hairiness than 6/O traveller.
_ LFT AND RNG DAMETER: Using lesser liIt and lesser ring diameter
will lead to direct and signiIicant reduction in hairiness.
For Example II 30s carded hosiery count is spun with 170/38 and 180/40
combination, spindle speeds remaining the same, the Iormer combination will give
much lesser hairiness than the later combination because oI a reduction in the
height and diameter oI the yarn balloon while spinning.
C_ CONE NDER:
1here wlll be a slgnlflcanL dlfference beLween Lhe halrlness of Lhe yarn aL cop
sLage and aL cone sLage 1he cone wlndlng process lncreases Lhe halrlness by 13
Lo 20 whlch ls unavoldable Powever lf Lhe modern AuLoConers are noL Luned
properly lL wlll lead Lo lncrease ln halrlness of much more Lhan 20 ln Lhls case
Lhe followlng polnLs need aLLenLlon
1 NDNG 8PEED: 1he speed of wlndlng plays a slgnlflcanL role on
lncrease ln halrlness 1he lncrease ln wlndlng speed leads Lo dlrecL lncrease ln Lhe
halrlness 1he resulLs of Lhe sLudy conducLed recenLly aL a leadlng mlll are glven
below for your reference on Lhls polnL
EFFECT OF NDNG 8PEED ON HARNE88
PARAMETER8 Cop result
winding speed
1200 m/min
winding speed
1400 m/min
winding
speed
1600
m/min
NOMNAL CO&NT 30 s CH 30 s CH 30 s CH 30 s CH
& 9.37 9.59 9.6 9.53
Thin {-50_ 0 0 0 0
Thick {+50_ 16 14 15 17
Neps {+00_ 39 41 41 50
Total P 55 55 59 50
Hairiness ndex 5.04 7.13 7.47 7.5
8h{-_ 1.08 1.59 1.66 1.73

?ou would noLe from Lhe above LhaL Lhe halrlness lncreases more and more wlLh
Lhe lncrease ln Lhe wlndlng speed Powever lL ls noL economlcally feaslble Lo run
Lhe AuLoConer aL slow speed [usL for achlevlng lesser halrlness 8uL all
Lhe AuLoConers have a provlslon Lo ad[usL Lhe speed of wlndlng accordlng Lo Lhe
sLage of Lhe cop and Lhls ls called varlable speed arrangemenL 8y selecLlng Lhe
rlghL speeds aL dlfferenL sLage of Lhe cop Lhe lncrease ln halrlness can be
conLrolled Lo a greaL exLenL
2 YARN TEN8ON D&RNG NDNG: 8y opLlmlzlng Lhe yarn Lenslon
Lhe lncrease ln halrlness can be conLrolled 1he resulLs of Lhe sLudy conducLed
recenLly aL a leadlng mlll are glven below for your reference on Lhls polnL
PARAMETER8
tension 25
grams
tension 32 grams
NOMNAL
CO&NT
30/1 CH 30/1 CH
& 9.73 9.68
Thin {-50_ 0 0
Thick {+50_ 23 19
Neps {+00_ 52 48
Total P 75 67
Hairiness
ndex
7.41 7.72
8h{-_ 1.74 1.79
?ou would noLe from Lhe above LhaL Lhe halrlness can be reduced by opLlmlzlng
Lhe wlndlng Lenslon 1hls Lrlal may be conducLed aL your mllls for conLrolllng Lhe
halrlness
AX PCK &P: lL ls Lhe normal pracLlce of many mllls Lo apply wax on Lhe
hoslery yarn durlng wlndlng 8y conLrolllng Lhe wax plck up Lhe lncrease ln
halrlness can be reduced 1he deLall of Lhe sLudy recenLly conducLed aL a leadlng
mlll ls glven below for your reference
EFFECT OF AX PCK &P ON HARNE88
PARAMETER8 wax pick up 0.8 gms/kg wax pick up 1.2 gms/kg
NOMNAL CO&NT 30/1 s CH 30/1 s CH
& 9.84 9.91
Thin {-50_ 0 1
Thick {+50_ 32 30
Neps {+00_ 89 112
Total P 121 1459
Hairiness ndex 8.13 7.89
8h{-_ 1.84 1.87
We requesL you Lo conducL a sLudy of Lhls aspecL aL your mllls for conLrol of
halrlness 1hus Lhere are several process parameLers LhaL can be opLlmlzed for
conLrolllng Lhe halrlness unless Lhe rlng and Lraveller are ln a worn ouL
condlLlon Lhe role played by Lhe rlng and Lraveller on halrlness ls qulLe negllglble
on modern rlng frames llke LC3/1 and L8/6


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