t

Uo. )are

[0. f\C,\t

t. \\: \*r,
0,; \ [8

=f

A,9.lE'
q. (iA

lDrt
:t{

: \*\ " I o. : , *tl ' tl

g: 2Y-'8; lto

CI\TTL*A

NOT

?
l/' I
7 !

t:
;l

=
r!
1F

,/t'

i o\o

CATTLET\

TVOT

olUgt,.Tv , \i\hirnrn P0lfti8iuro,

= =

='

1
-a)_,

1
4, iI

l.+
l-

h{" t0

TI

ltr

H
It -

v
7-'

t hluti
\h

ur)
th\o
h
I

K2

* tutnwitht
CAftLeY.p. NOr6

{n tht lir {,\trTr f

m..^:\ ( r,tAiq

I'
t,

,t, I

tt ll

)l\4-

vt t v

qi oYnic ns i tt io

CATTL^4A

NJOT6

j !>

tl'
a

r
S

JI
r'

li

tL

\\
t5.
tL

\,

CATTL*A

NOT

tfSX ?oini

cnrn?n*$ l, Onrnrrnr
- LtUtiS {ttutY[ut

n\{nd( \nf c'uml l' trnTrricq\ vr()ltt\ i

CATTL*A

fVOT

I'
I
tl

a'

h
,'}

lf

CATTL*A

N/Or
tt

a a

Uo. )are

trrrqtriC,a\ Lt f 0(mu\crf ) ' (nn,ri,(IS

"

v,,rhrtt' nuwrbrr n,ntt rOriO tht' dtff . otur.nr * "n ' q: it)qPc'\l\n
0l' . - Ogt'Aqr fOt*,,\\f, tif a rnor{rn}nrt
I

in C\ L0rn? 0\^nd v,il(\ib6rripll lhL Smfi))tjt 6h0wiocl

ai lht dujrnbols th{,, r\trqmt,q eurnljiqtcl fur

. lr r

r, l r , ^vrt rr l/0 \- , )

l,rr 'r

p: "18,

(/.

A,

Mr v t ut l n
,

Ry rlnt ,+ , h lt t t

_ t.:1,"\

t=I

U ll)

= 0ftO\tt lOrrnu,r\q

(,rr)tF"\At
\ r rnu\ot rncttoft'tF" r l4ol m ura of FF r-j.F't Rrnr4 hr-

F,.lr,r,n,Il"roflr \1.5 ^l'00= fi.fif

CATTL*A

t|,Ritn)
bi+ Ftr

NOT,

VV
VI

h - rhlt, of,q nu\nbLf "ttffi==# ffrun nrn/l f l4 tornl. tr,t gn$Wt{-m!$t-bL dti.l "0X':
F

&.-8'd'ontruuM'tP

( ltr'00'

maES

CATTL*A

TVOT

-l

J
J
J J _t

tlo. )>are

1.\h=jl')81'
=

* - ee, {,,bol'
LlLl,rll {,

a
J

It . v n - .Q A , ' \ \ t / jvrf

CATTLXA

NOT6

V Bau >D<
NAMINGOFCOVALENT ANDIONIC COMPOUNDS Covalent Compounds sharing electrons of - N o nm e t a l s o n o n t metals Usually from group 4Ato 7A - Molecular Compounds Note: o I n n a m i n gc a t i o nf i r s tf o l l o w e d : byanion . Prefixes usedto showthe numberof atoms are Prefix Mono Di Tri Tetra P en t a Meaning 1 2 3 4 5 prefix Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca Meaning 6 7 8 9 10

o o

Mono- arely sed r u when 2 vowers appear to each next other: "oo"monoxide,ao,, tetraoxide vower f ) fromthe p r e f i xsD R O p p E D . i
NeSr tetranitrogen tetrasulfide PqSrotetraphosphorus decasulfide

EX: NzOo dinitrogen tetroxide C[2O7dichlorine heptoxide

lonic Compound givingandreceiving of electrons Metals(Cations)to metals(anions) non lonicCompounds BinaryCompounds o Composed 2 elements of (metals first,non metallast) r In naming: write the nameof the metalfollowed the by nameof the non nretal, modifiedto end in -ide.
FORMULA NaCl C aB 1 1

KnN

NAME Sodium Chloride Calcium Bromide Potassium Nitride

FORMULA '

Mgo
AlcOt

NAME Magnesium xide O Aluminum xide O

*Binarycompounds that contain metals with v,ariable charges: FORMULA Cul SnT, AuCl3 NAME copper(r)iodide .Tin(il)Fluoride Gold(Iil)chloride FORMULA HgS pbO NAME Mercury(t) sutfide sluv I Lead(il)Oxide

NOTE: o In writingthe formula, charges shouldbe equaltozerof "crisscross technique,,

' o Ex.

Charges eachion is crossed of overand usedassubscript forthe otherion Always lowestwholenumberratios ions,signs DRoppED. of are

B a ' 2 n dC l 1) B a C l 2 ,a r i u m h l o r i d e a B C (2)(1)+(-1)(2)=3

Sn'a and O-2 )Sn2O4, SnO2, (lV)Oxide Tin

(a)(2)+(-2X4)=0

TernarylonicCompounds r 3 d i f f e r e ne l e m e n t s : e t a li o n / Ha n d( - ) p o l y a t o m i c n s t m o o In naming: cationfirstfollowedby polyatomic No pREFIXES used. ion, are Ex: p o t a s s i u ma b o n a t e K2CO3 C r F e 2 ( S O a ) 3 t r o n( i l t )S u l f a t e Zn3(POa)2 Zincphosphate P a r e n t h e sas eu s e d r o u n d p o l y a t o m i c nw h e nm o r et h a no n e ir a a o a n i o ni s n e e d e d . Ex. p N a * 1 n d C I O - I ) N a C l OS , d i u m e r c h l o r a t e a ao Al*3andso4-2 Al2(s04)3 ) (1)(1)+(-1X1)=0 = ( 3 ) ( 2 )( - 2 ) ( 3 ) + r

0 Aluminum Sulfate

ACIDS . BinaryAcids Hydrogen Non metalatoms and o Ternary Acids Compounds: Hydrogen polyatomic and lons BINARY: FORMULA PURE OMPOUND C HF hydrogen fluoride HCI hydrogen ch-loride HBr hydrogen bromirje
TERNARY: FORMULA HN03 HN02 H2504 HrSO3

ACID NAME hydrofluoric acid hydrochloric acid hydrobromic acid ACID AME N h y p o c h l o r ia c i d c chlorous cid a chloric ac:id perchloric acid

ACID AME N nitricacid nitrousacid sulfuric acid sulfurous acid

FORMULA HCIO HCIO2 HCIO3 HCt04

BAsEs Bitter, Slippery; metalion + hydroxide t); in naming: (oH metal(cation) plushydroxide FORMULA NaOH KOH Mg(oH)2 Ca(OH)z A1(OH)3 NAME SodiumHydroxide Potassium Hydroxide Magnesium Hydroxide Calcium Hydroxide Aluminum Hydroxide

$uwntu V' boe:

MOTECULAR GEOMETRY

Formula

NW

No, at Bondtng Pairs

No'qr
Inne Pairs

Molecular Geometry X

Examples

:AXn

x -\l ---]\ a -,/'i.---J ^. 1

X
Seesaw

sFn

lAXg

r/l

r\l >--rA

- x

clFs

X
I-shaped

x
:AXa

f+O \:,,' I
x
Lirlear

Tc|;

trt

i' ::

6, '' , r' .s.ti,T

,"\,1-"
x/ l\x
X X
Octahedral

{ so"

SFe

7'

xxl.'x x!1r'"t
Square py,ramidal

I lrl'

..

o *,,v*
"1|t
Square planar

MOLECI'LIIR

GEOMETRY Moleculo.r Geometry

I 80"

Forrnula Tape

No. oJ Bonding Parrs

No.qf kne Pairs

Exannple

AX,

x-!-aJ x
Linear

Ilt:Cl,

Axs

i )r 2 0 .

l*.

BCI

r ""< XX
1'rigorralplarrar

\/
:AX2

@^b
V-shaped

SO,

AX4

X I

d/
X

-,

to9.5"

CHo

Tetrahedral

6) \/
:AXS

tl /r/A

u,//

\u

NHs

Trigonal pyramidal

r)
ie:<"
2

'7Q
X
V^shaped

HrO

Axs

rr,,l) A-

vl"*

on4

x'l

PCls

'frigorral

X
bipyrarrricl

J0runne V. houl 7: D( r,
AiID ELEIIETITS RADICAL$ LISTOFCOIIiHOI{ STATES WITH THEIR OXIDATIOfTI
+1 Ammonium NH+ H Hydrogen Li Lithium Potassium K Rb Ruhidium CesiumCs Francium Fr Ag $itver Na $odium UNIVALENT Acetate Afuminite -1 CzHaOe AlOz AlOa Aluminate Bicarbonate HCOs HSOs Bisulflte HS0+ Bioulfete Br Bnomide Hypobromlte Bo

Brornite Brumate

,"1rt ClOe Chlortts jr# Oos Chforete Perchlorab 0lor CN Cyankte 'Cyanate cNo tFlouride t{ Flydrlde ol-l Hydroxicle l ,tr, i*t ,* lodide h foz lodite los lodate lOr Periodate Mnor Pemtanganate
tt'''

Bror Bo+ cl ChlorHe Hypochlorlte cfo

pt
nil,r le

*'=* ,x[]*

Thiocvanato

scN

+2 Beryllium Be
Magneslum Mg Ca Calcium Sr $trontium Ba tsarium

BIVALEI{T
Peroxide Plumbite Stannite Stannate Sulfbe

-2
I Oz I PbO2 I SnOz lSnOs 'l S

Radium Zinc
Cadmium

Ra 7n cd

Sulfite
Sutfate Thiosulfate Carbonate Chromate Dichromate Oxalate Tetraborate Zincate

I SOt

I S0r I SrO. I COs lCroo lSrrQ I CeUr lBrOa I ZnOz

Aluminum Boron
Gallium lndium

AI B Ga
IN

Nitride Phosphide Phosphite Phosphate

Barium Radium Zinc Cadmium

Ba Ra 7n

cd

stannab Sulfide Sulfite Sulfate Thiosulfate Carbonate Chromate Dichromate Oxalate Zincate

UllUs

soo
$()r Saos COs

oa0l Tetreborats Br0r -3

Nitride Phosphide Phosphito Phosphate Fenicyanide Arsenite Arsenate Borate Bismuthate

Gro* Srror

+3 Aluminum Boron Gallium

lndium Scandium

TRIVALETTIT

AI B Ga
In Sc

N P Pos Po+ FetONio AsOs AsOc BOs

BiOr

-t-

+4 Ziraenium Hafnium

TETRAVALENT Zr
Fif

4
Fenocyanide Fe (CN)6
Silicate

sio4

Pyroarsenate A " z 0 r Pn0r Pvroohosphate

VALEI{CE$ WITH ELETTIENT$ VARIABLE

Ozymandias Shelley Bysshe Percy I met a travelerfrom an antiqueland legsof stone Who said:Two vastand trunkless Standin the desert.Nearthemon the sand, Halfsunk,a shatter'dvisagelies,whosefrown And wrinkledlip and sneerof coldcommand read Tellthat its sculptorwell those passions things, stamp'don theselifeless Whichyet survive, The handthat mock'dthem and the heartthat fed. thesewordsappear: And on the pedestal king "My nameis Ozymandias, of kings: on my works,ye Mighty,and despair!" Look roundthe decay Nothing besideremains: and bare, wreck,boundless Of that colossal stretchfar away. The lone and levelsands TheWorld is Too MuchWith us WilliamWordsworth Theworld is too much with us; late and soon, we Gettingand spending, lay wasteour powers; Littlewe see in Naturethat is ours; We havegivenour heartsaway,a sordidboon! ThisSeathat bearsher bosomto the moon, Thewindsthat will be howlingat all hours, flowers, now like sleeping And are up-gathered we Forthis, for everything, are out of tune; It movesus not. -GreatGod! I'd ratherbe in suckled a creedoutworn; A Pagan lea, on So might l, standing this pleasant that would makeme lessforlorn; Haveglimpses Havesightof Proteusrisingfrom the sea; Or hearold Tritonblow his wreathedhorn. I WanderedLonelyas A cloud William Wordsworth lonelyas a cloud I wandered Thatfloatson higho'er valesand hills, Whenall at onceI saw a crowd, A host,of goldendaffodils, the Beside lake,beneath trees the in and dancing the breeze. Fluttering as Continuous the starsthat shine And twinkleon the MilkyWaY, line in Theystretched never-ending

of the Along margin a bay: saw Tenthousand I at a glance dance. in Tossing heads sprightly their but them danced, they beside Thewaves in waves glee:the Out-did sparkling poetcouldnot but be gay A company: a ln such jocund -butlittlethought -and gazed I gazed to the Whatwealth show me hadbrought. I Foroft, whenon my couch lie mood, or In vacant in pensive eYe flashuponthat inward They of is Which the bliss solitude; fills Andthenmy heartwithpleasure with the daffodils. Anddances SheWalksin BeautY LordByron like Shewalksin beauty, the night and climes starryskies; Of cloudless Andallthat'sbestof darkandbright and Meetin heraspect hereYes: light to thattender mellow'd Thus daY to heaven gaudy denies. Which the Oneshade more,oneraythe less, grace the Hadhalfimpair'd nameless tress, in Whichwaves everyraven o'er Or softlylightens herfaee; sweetexpress serenely thoughts Where place. howdeartheirdwelling Howpure, and Andon that cheek, o'erthat brow, yet eloquent, Sosoft,so calm, that Thesmiles win,thetintsthatglow, spent, Buttell of daysin goodness with allbelow, A mindat peace loveis innocent! A heartwhose