Core

The magnetic circuit is a single limb, three or three plus two auxiliary limbs type. Each limb
being mitered with top and bottom yokes. The laminations are made Irom high grade non ageing
core rolled grain oriented alloy steel. The insulation oI lamination is oI car lite coating.
The core has stepped cross section. The yokes are clamped by means oI end Irames and yoke
bolts and limbs are clamped by means oI resiglass tape over clamp plates. For liIting the core
with winding, required numbers oI liIting lungs are provided on end Irames. The yoke bolts, end
Irames, clamp plates and core are insulated Irom each other to withstand a test pressure oI 2 KV
rms at 50 HZ Ior one minute.

Windings
Windings are arranged in concentric Iormation with lowest voltage winding next to the core. In
case, tertiary winding is arranged then this winding is placed next to the core. Over LV winding,
HV tapping and HV main winding are placed. Sometimes, tapping winding is placed aIter HV
main winding depending upon requirement oI impedances between various windings. Various
type oI windings used Ior making coils are as Iollows:-

i. Tertiary winding: - spiral / helical/ disc
ii. Low voltage: - helical/disc
iii. High voltage: - partially interleaved disc / layers / winding I disc winding
iv. Tapping windings:-Iinterwound spiral or helical coil.
Interleaved disc or ordinary disc.

Paper covered insulated copper strips or continuously transposed cables are used Ior making
winding. Windings are compressed beIore assembly and remain in compressed position by
means oI clapping bolts.

Terminal Arrangement (Bushings or Cable Box)
Bushings are OIP condenser type or porcelain type depending upon the voltage class. For details
oI, OIP bushings reIer instruction book enclosed. For dimensional details and rating cI bushing
reIer drawings enclosed.

Current TransIormer
a) Current TransIormer Ior winding temperature indication
Current transIormers Ior winding temperature indicator are provided on windings oI the
transIormer at either the terminals or on the bus bar oI terminal gear the secondary
winding oI the current transIormers are connected to a terminal box. Current transIormer
terminals Irom terminal box are wired .to winding temperature indicator mounted in
marshaling box. The connections between terminals are made by links which can also be
arranged to short circuit and earth the current transIormer when disconnected. For detail
oI CTs reIer rating and diagram plate drawing.

Tank
The tank is oI welded mild steel plate construction, shot blasted on inside & outside to remove
scale beIore painting. Tanks art designed to withstand a vacuum in line with the CBIP
recommendation. The tank is coated inside with 2 coat oI yellow oil prooI enamel. On the
outside it is applied with anticorrosive primer paint and Iinal coat oI synthetic enamel to shade as
per customers speciIication. The cover is either bell type or Ilat and remains mounted on the top
oI the tank and bolted to the bottom tank rim. Adequate number oI inspection covers are
provided. To make joints oil tight, neoprene bonded cork or nitrile rubber gaskets are used. The
gaskets are cut to size and shape and where required joints are provided on the gaskets. .
Bidirectional Ilanged rollers suitable Ior moving the transIormers on rail gauge are provided. The
direction oI rollers can be changed by jacking up the assembly Bidirectional Ilanged Iallers can
be locked in required direction by bolting together roller mounting pad welded on the base oI
tank and bidirectional Ilanged rollers bracket with Iour number bolts. The tank is provided with
all the Iittings and accessories as per the list given in OGA drawing.

Cooling Equipment
The transIormer is having either single or mixed cooling oI OFWF, OFAE ONAF and ONAN by
means oI heat exchangers, Ians and pumps. Fans are provided with wire mesh guards. Fans are
mounted either below the radiators and are ground supported or supported on Irames at sides.
In some cases, oil reverse Ilow device is provided in cooling pipe work to Iacilitate automatic
switching oI the stand by pump in case the running pump Iails. AIter closing the valves oI the
Iailed pump, damaged pump and motor can be taken out Ior repair purpose.


Conservator
As the temperature oI oil increases or decreases during operation corresponding rise or Iall in
volume. To account Ior this an expansion vessel (conservator) is connected to the transIormer
tank. The conservator has got a capacity between the minimum to maximum oil level equal to
7.5 oI the total oil in transIormer. The conservator is provided with magnetic oil level gauage
on one oI the end covers which has a low oil level alarm. The dial indicates empty, 1/4, 35C, 3;
4 and Iull oil level. The low oil level alarm switch is wired upto M.Box. (ReIer catalogue on
M.O.G.) A prismatic oil gauage is also Iitted at the other end.For atmoseal type conservator, it is
Iilled with oil to level appropriate to the Iilling temperature and in the remaining portion is Air
Cell which is connected to atmosphere through a breather. II the volume oI oil in the transIormer
increases the conservator breaths out air and iI the volume oI oil in the transIormer reduces the
conservator breaths in air. As the breathing is through the Air Cell. No moisture comes in contact
with the oil thus preventing contamination oI the oil. A valve is provided between breather and
conservator which is also used Ior air Iilling in Air Cell beIore Iilling the oil in conservator at a
pressure 0.035 Kg / cm x cm. The pipe connecting the transIormer tank with conservator projects
above the lowest point in the conservator such that the portion below acts as a sump where the
impurities in the conservator collect. A valve is Iitted at the lowest point oI the conservator Ior
draining and sampling oI oil. On the Ieed pipe buchholz relay is mounted. Between conservator
and buchholz relay, an isolating valve is provided.

Air Cell
It is a Ilexible separator Iitted inside the conservator. Oil being out oI the air cell, the separator is
in direct contact with the atmosphere. This type oI mounting makes it possible to compensate Ior
the oil volume displacements due to temperature variations and ensures.
(a) An eIIicient barrier between oil and air.
(b) A protection against water vapor.
(c) The suppression oI any gas bubbles Iormation in the oil.
Air cell is made Irom coated Iabric with external coating resistant to transIormer oil and
inner coating resistant to ozone and weathering.

Buchholz Relay
The transIormer is Iitted with double Iloat buchholz relay. It is Iitted in the Ieed pipe Irom
conservator to tank and is provided with two sets oI mercury contacts. The device comprised oI a
cast iron housing containing the hinged Iloats, one in upper part and the C~I~3r in the lower part.
Each Iloat is Iitted with a mercury switch, leads oI which are connected to terminal box Iar
external connections.

An arrow is cast on the housing to indicate the direction oI the conservator.
The operation oI buchholz relay should be tested beIore installation by injecting air at the lower
cock (test cock). AIter the inspection and test, any air which may have accumulated in the gas
chamber must be released at the upper pet cock to ensure that the chamber is Iull oI oil. The top
most points are piped to the main pipe on which the buchholz relay is mounted so that the gases
liberated in the transIormer are diverted to the buchholz relay without being trapped anywhere.
Also reIer leaIlet on buchholz relay. From the upper petcock iI any gas is collected in the
buchholz relay, can be drawn oII Ior testing.

Dehydrating Breather
The conservator is connected to outside atmosphere through a dehydrating (silica gel Iilled)
breather to make sure that the air in the conservator is dry. For general description oI the
apparatus reIer to the leaIlet enclosed.

Pressure RelieI Valve
In case oI severe Iault in the transIormer, the internal pressure may build up to a very high level
which may result in an explosion oI tank. To avoid such a contingency a pressure relieI valve is
Iitted on the transIormer. It is spring loaded and has contacts Ior tripping the transIormer. ReIer
catalogue Ior details. Electrical contact Ior tripping the transIormer is now available in case oI
relieI vent.

Oil Temperature Indicator
Oil temperature indicator is a distance thermometer operating on the principle oI liquid
expansion. It provides local indication oI the top oil temperature at the Marshaling Box. The
connection between the thermometer bulb and the dial Indicator is made by Ilexible steel
capillary tube. The bulb is enclosed in a pocket and the pocket is Iixed on the transIormer at the
hottest oil region. The pocket has to be Iilled with transIormer oil. The OH temperature indicator
is provided with a maximum pointer and two mercury switches one Ior alarm and other Ior trip.
Switches are suitable Ior 250 V AC or DC. The mercury switches are adjustable to make contact
between 50 and 120 and have Iixed diIIerential oI 10C. OTI repeater IS suitable Ior 110 V
AC. ReIer catalogue. The temperature Ior alarm and trip contact setting shall be as under
Alarm - 85 Deg. C
Trip - 90 Deg. C
(At an ambient temperature oI 45 Deg. C)

Winding Temperature Indicator
This indicator, operating on the principle oI liquid expansion, provides local indication at the
marshaling box oI hot spot temperature oI winding. The winding hot spot to top oil temperature
diIIerential is simulated by means oI a heater coil Iitted around the operating bellows. A current
proportional to the load current is Ied to the heater coil Irom a current transIormer Iitted on the
LV winding. The bulb oI the WTI Iitted at the top senses top oil temperature thus winding
temperature indicator's temperature readings are proportional to load current plus top oil
temperature. The thermometer bulb is connected by capillary tubing to the local indicator and by
wiring Irom the local indicator to repeater on control panel in control room. Repeater is suitable
Ior 110 V AC. The indicator is Iitted with maximum pointer and Iour mercury switches ne is
used Ior alarm and 2nd is used Ior trip and 3rd Ior Ian control and 4th Ior pump control. All the
switches are adjustable on their individual scales over the entire working range oI the instrument.
All mercury switches are suitable Ior 250V AC or DC. For details reIer catalogue on WTI. The
WTI pocket has to be-Iilled with transIormer oil.
The temperature Ior alarm and trip contact settings shall be as under
a. Alarm 95 Deg. C.
b. Trip 105 Deg. C
c. Fans ON 60 Deg. C
d. Pump ON 75 Deg. C
At an ambient temperature oI 45 Deg C.
Earthing ARRANGEMENT:
a. Core Earthing : Connecting leads Irom core and end Irame are being terminated at the top oI
cover. By connecting them to tank cover, core and Irame becomes earthed as shown on OGA
drawing. Insulation resistance between the leads Irom core and end Irame or between lead Irom
core and earth point can be checked by 500 volts megger. Leads Irom end Irame have been
brought out Ior proper earthing Ior end Irame.
b. Tank to Tank cover earthing : Tank to tank cover earthing is done by connecting copper braid
between tank rim and tank cover with the help oI bolts used to tight tank cover and tank together.
c. Earthing oI Tank: For earthing tank, two number studs have been provided on tank as shown
on OGA drawing. 2 Nos M-16 Nuts are required to make perIect earthing between pads on tank
and external earthing strip.