Summer 2011 CHM2045 Exam 3 Practice Problem Solutions

1. 4.15 min
Rate of Effusion of Gas 2 MM of Gas 1 Time of Effusion of Gas 1
= =
Rate of Effusion of Gas 1 Time of Effusion of Gas 2
MM of Gas 2

We choose C3H8 as gas one and He as gas two. For this problem it is important to
remember the order of the equation. The MM of He is 4.00 g/mol and C3H8 has a
MM of 44.09 g/mol. Using these values and the know time of effusion for Helium
we find
44.09
1.25min
4.00
g
X
mol
g
mol
= X=
44.09
1.25min( )
4.00
=4.15 Min

2. 310 m/s

Chlorine is a diatomic molecule so it exists as Cl2, making the molar
mass 70.9 grams per mole. But remember that the RMS equation calls
for the molar mass in kilograms per mole.

3. 99g/mol
This is a gas law problem, so we are going to use the PV=NRT equation to solve
for the number of moles. Because we know the equivalent mass, we can find the
molar mass.
740 48.3
( )( )
760 1000
.001535
0.08211(100 273.15)
mL
PV
N Moles
RT

.152
99.02
.001535
grams g
Moles mol


(Remember that the units for the ideal gas equation are L, atm, K, and moles the
conversion are done inside the equations on most examples)


4. 1.43 g/L
Use the derived form of the ideal gas equation given in the packet. This allows
you to solve for the density. The molar mass of C3H8 is 44.09 g/mol. This gives

* dRT MM P
MM d
P RT

721
(44.09)( )
760
1.43
(.08211)(83 273.15)
g
d
L


5. 7.4L
First, use the ideal gas equation to solve for the number of moles of hydrogen gas
inside the 22.2L at the given conditions
2 2 3
3 2 N H NH
1
755 ( ) .993
760
atm
torr atm
torr

2
.993(22.2 )
0.593
0.08211(453)
PV L
N Moles H
RT

Then figure out how many moles of nitrogen it will take to react completely with
the hydrogen

2
2 2
2
1
0.593 ( ) 0.1976
3
mol N
mol H mol N
mol H

And finally turn the number of moles of nitrogen into a volume
(0.1976)(0.08211)(453)
7.40
(.993)
NRT
V L
P

6. 410 torr
Convert all three masses into moles and you get 1.374 mol He, .743 mol Ne, and
.418 mol Kr. Next find the mole fraction of He which is found by
1.38
.543
1.38 .743 .418
He
X

Using the mole fraction and the total pressure we find
He He Total
P X P @ STP so
total
P 1 atm
760
.542*1 ( ) 412.7 410
1
He
torr
P atm torr torr
atm

7. 320g/mol
Same Equation as problem 1 with gas 1 as neon and gas 2 as the unknown. With
the MM of neon as 20.18 g/mol gives
20.18 1/ 4
1 MM of unknown

2
1
2 ( 20.18) 320
1
4
g
MM of gas
mol


8. .78 atm
2 2 3
3 2 N H NH

We use the ideal gas equation in the form of
PV
N
RT
=
However the problem said
that it was in a rigid container at a constant temperature. This makes V, R, and T
all constants for our equation. With that, we can assume P N

So, calculate limiting reagent
2
2 2
2
3
0.5 1.5
1
mol H
mol N molH
mol N
| |
=
|
\ .

So if all of the nitrogen was used we would need 1.5 mol of hydrogen. This makes
hydrogen our limiting reagent, so calculate the ammout of nitrogen that will be
used up.

2
2 2
2
1
0.85 .283
3
mol N
mol H molN
mol H
| |
=
|
\ .

3
2 2
2
2
0.85 .566
3
mol NH
mol H molN
mol H
| |
=
|
\ .

0.5 mol -.283mol= .216mol nitrogen
So we have .216 mol of nitrogen left over after the reaction, but .566 mol of
ammonia produced by the reaction. .216 mol + .566 mol = .782 mol
But remember that were looking for pressure not moles and P~N so .78 atm

9. 1:3
The Kinetic Energy of a gas is related directly to the temperature. So any two
gases that are at the same temperature have the same Kinetic Energy. But because
one gas has three times the temperature of the other it will have three times the
kinetic energy. Note that the temperatures must be in Kelvin.

10. .234 atm
Find moles of each gas, add then add them to find the total moles
(.4 )(.159 )
.00151
(513.15 )(0.08211)
L atm
N mol
K
= =
550
(.150 )( )
760
.00328
(403.15 )(0.08211)
L atm
N mol
K
= =

Then use the total moles of 0.00479, 25 degrees and a 500 mL flsk to find the final
pressure

( )( )( )
( )
298.15 0.08211 .00479
.234
.5
K mol
P atm
L
= =





11. 4.89g
3 2 2
2 3 NCL N Cl +
It decomposes completely so there will be 3 chlorines for each nitrogen. This
means that chlorine and nitrogen have mole fractions of and respectively.
These mole fractions can be used to figure out the partial pressure of each gas
which are 558.75 and 186.25.
( )
( )
( )( )
2
558.75
2.5
760
0.0608
368.15 0.08211
N mol Cl = =
( )
( )
( )( )
2
186.25
2.5
760
0.0203
368.15 0.08211
N mol N = =

Determine the amount of the original sample that was there. This can be obtained
from either product

3
2 3
2
2
0.0608 0.0405
3
mol NCl
mol Cl mol NCl
mol Cl
| |
=
|
\ .

3
2 3
2
2
0.0203 0.0406
1
mol NCl
mol N mol NCl
mol N
| |
=
|
\ .

120.36
0.0405 4.87
1
g
mol g
mol
| |
=
|
\ .

*Note that you could also do pv=nrt for the initial pressure of 745 and apply the
mole fractions to the total moles*

12. Increasing, less than 5
Volume and the number of moles are constant so
1 2
1 2
P P
T T
= or
2
2 1
1
T
P P
T
= Remember that the Ideal gas equation call for the
temperature in Kelvin so the ratio of
2
T to
1
T is
773
2.07
373
K
K
= which is much less
than 5.
13. .164g
773
2.07
373
K
K
=
( )
( )
( )( )
2
762 22.4
.128
760
32
.00511 .164
0.08211 297.15
g
N mol O g
mol
| |
|
| |
\ .
= = =
|
\ .


14. 31 grams
2
2 2 K Cl KCl +
( )
1
17 0.435
39.10
mol
g K mol
g
=
( )( )
( )( )
2
5.25 .950
0.207
293 0.08211
L atm
N mol Cl
K
= =
Find the limiting reagent
2
2
1
0.435 0.2175
2
mol Cl
mol k mol Cl
mol K
| |
=
|
\ .

2
2
2
0.207 0.414
1
mol K
mol Cl mol K
mol Cl
| |
=
|
\ .

2 74.55
0.414 0.414 31
2
mol KCl g
mol K mol KCl g
mol K mol
| |
= =
|
\ .
KCl
15. BF3, NO
2

16. 5 sigma, 2 pi
There are 5 single bonds and one triple bond in the molecule. Remember that
there has to be a sigma bond before there can be a pie bond. Double bonds
contain one sigma and one pie bond while triple bonds contain one sigma and
two pie bonds.

17. O2 and B2 are paramagnetic. O2 has a bond order of 2, B2 and F2 have a bond order of 1
From left to right its O2, B2, and then F2



18. +1

Formula Charge ( ) # ' # ' # FC of valence e s of e s around the atom of bonds =
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons
FC=5-0-4(one double bond and two single bonds)= +1

19. 0
6 valence electrons, 4 electrons surrounding sulfur, and two bonds
FC= 6- 4-2=0

20. N2F4

both of the carbons are AX3 which makes them Trigonal Planar

All of the resonance structures are trigonal planar
Again this structure is trigonal planar
Because each nitrogen has 3 bonds and a lone pair, that makes
them tetrahedral in shape. Tetrahedral compounds are on more than one plane.
Trigonal planar


21. N2
Remember from the packet that, the higher the bond order, the shorter the bond.
i.e. single bonds are the longest, followed by double and triple bonds are the
shortest.
NN
22. C
Only elements that are in period three or below can use an expanded octet. Carbon is
in period two, so that means it is by nature unable to go to an expanded octet. The
lewis structures are drawn below to clarify.



23. -113 kJ
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 463 315 3 413 358 463 2 413 736 4 463
rxn
H A = + + + + + + (


3301 3414 KJ KJ =
= -113 KJ

24. 90
IF4 has four bonds and two electron pairs making it square
planar. From the VSepr theory the smallest bond angle in a square planar
molecule is 90 degrees.





25. sp2, sp, sp3

Count the number of bond sites on each molecule 3, 2, and 4 from left to right. For each
bond site there is one hybridized orbital.

26. 2.4 atm, 6.4 atm
You have to use Boyles law for each starting pressure and volume at a final volume of 6.7 L
1 1 2 2
PV PV =

1
2 1
2
V
P P
V
=

2
2, 2
2.5
3 1.12
6.7
O
L
P atm atmO
L
= =

2
2, 2
4.2
2 1.25
6.7
He
L
P atm atmHe
L
= =

This gives us a total pressure for the two flasks of 2.4 atm. We can apple Boyles law
one more time to find the pressure of the gasses if they were just inside the 2.5L
oxygen flask.
2
6.7
2.4 6.4
2.5
L
P atm atm
L
| |
= =
|
\ .



27. 1647 kJ
8(414) 3(340) 5(499) 6(799) 8(460)
rxn
H A = + +
(6827 8474) 1647
rxn
H kJ kJ A = =