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HS/APR2008/HPY101

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

: : : :

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY HPY101 APRIL 2008 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of three (3) parts : PART A (50 Questions) PART B (30 Questions) PART C (4 Questions) Answer ALL questions from all three (3) parts : i) ii) iii) 3. Answer PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet. Answer PART B in the True/False Answer Sheet. Answer PART C in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

2.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a True/False Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty an Objective Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

4.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 15 printed pages
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PART A

(50 marks)

Answer ALL questions. Choose the MOST appropriate answer for each question.

1. Psychology is the scientific study of A. B. C. D. human mental processes and emotion. behavior and mental processes. conscious experiences. unconscious conflicts.

2. Insight therapies focus on giving people A. B. C. D. skills to change their behavior. clearer understanding of their feelings, motives, and actions. an understanding of perceptual processes. an understanding of biological influences on behavior.

3.

established the first research laboratory at the University of Leipzig for the study of Psychology. A. B. C. D. William James Wilhelm Wundt Sigmund Freud B. F. Skinner

4. The behavioral technique of trains people to remain relaxed and calm in the presence of a formerly feared stimulus. A. B. C. D. systematic desensitization aversive conditioning behavior contraction operant conditioning

5. Enduring issues in psychology include A. B. C. D. nature versus nurture. persons versus situation. stability versus change. all of the above.

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6. All of the following are biological therapies EXCEPT A. B. C. D. rational-emotive therapy. electroconvulsive therapy. drug therapy. Psychosurgery.

7. A pathogen is A. B. C. D. a disease. the pattern of illness in a population. any agent, such as a microorganism or virus, that can cause a disease. one of the healing forces of nature.

8. The health belief model consists of the concept of A. B. C. D. intention to act. subjective norms. perceived barriers to health-enhancing behaviors. perceived cause of the disease.

9. Self-efficacy is an important element of the A. B. C. D. transtheoretical model. theory of planned behavior. theory of reasoned action. reciprocal determinism model.

10. Chronic diseases A. B. C. D. develop and persist over a period of time. are due to infectious agents. are uncommon today. include pneumonia and influenza.

11. Which of these concepts is NOT central to the theory of reasoned action? A. B. C. D. Perceived susceptibility to disease. Intentions. Attitudes. Motivations.

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12. What is the proper order of the five stages in the transtheoretical model? A. B. C. D. Preparation, precontemplation, self-efficacy, intention to act, action. Intention to act, contemplation, preparation for action, action, reaction. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance. Intention to act, contemplation, preparation for action, action, relapse.

13. The leading cause of deaths these days A. B. C. D. has changed from acute to chronic diseases. is due to sexual behaviors. has changed from chronic to acute diseases. is due to infectious diseases.

14. The role of illness behavior is to A. B. C. D. seek a cure. decrease compliance. determine health status. decrease symptoms.

15. A person's ability and willingness to follow recommended health practices is known as A. B. C. D. adherence. punishment. reinforcement. determination.

16. Which of these factors is not a component in the conceptualization of disease? A. B. C. D. Pdentification of the disease. Cost of the illness and treatment. Consequences of the disease. Time line of the illness and treatment.

17. The LEAST effective strategy to improve adherence would be A. B. C. D. prompts from the patient's spouse. reward for compliance. prescriptions tailored to patient's schedule. punishments.

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18. The first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is A. B. C. D. adjustment. alarm. resistance. exhaustion.

19. Stress may relate to disease because people under stress may A. B. C. D. eat unhealthy foods. use illicit drugs. abuse alcohol. do any or all of the above.

20. Pain is defined as A. B. C. D. a sensory experience only. an emotional experience only. neither a sensory nor an emotional experience. both a sensory and an emotional experience.

21. Qi gong is A. B. C. D. a series of movements that offer therapeutic benefits. a herbal remedy for stress or depression. a talk-based therapy that originated in Chinese medicine. a type of meditation that is an effective strategy for controlling stress.

22. Lazarus saw stress as stemming from A. B. C. D. negative life events. positive life events. the person's perception of an event. inherent weaknesses within the individual.

23. Based on definition, stress is related to A. B. C. D. posttraumatic stress disorder. depression. rheumatoid arthritis. cardiovascular disease.

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24. A. B. C. D.

lasts a relatively short period of time. Acute pain Prechronic pain Chronic pain Phantom limb pain

25. With the technique known as mindfulness meditation, people A. B. C. D. receive spiritual advice from their therapist. receive information on their internal biological functioning. focus nonjudgmentally on any thoughts or sensations as they happen. attempt to discover their irrational cognitions.

26. Which of these could be a source of stress? A. B. C. D. Crowding. Noise. Air pollution. All of the above.

27. In order for stress to cause illness, stress must affect the A. B. C. D. nervous immune endocrine digestive

system.

28. A. B. C. D.

is cs caused by either a malignancy or by treatment of a malignancy. Headache pain Low back pain Arthritis pain Cancer pain

29. Cognitive therapists emphasize a change in A. B. C. D. personality traits. thinking patterns. philosophy of life. interpersonal relations.

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30. A more technical name for "hardening of the arteries" is A. B. C. D. angina pectoris. ischemia. arteriosclerosis. atherosclerosis.

31. Cancer A. B. C. D. is due to a parasite that attacks new cells. is a group of disease marked by the growth and spread of new cells. is due almost completely to contact with dangerous chemicals. is due almost entirely to biological agents.

32. Which of the following is NOT a chronic disorder? A. B. C. D. Alzheimer's disease. Arthritis. Influenza. Diabetes.

33. Myocardial infarctions A. B. C. D. are commonly known as heart attacks. result from loss of oxygen to the brain. serve as a signal of angina pectoris. are seldom life threatening.

34. Metastasis refers to A. B. C. D. a type of breast cancer. a form of lung cancer. the growth rate of benign tumors. the spread of malignancy from one part of the body to another.

35. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) A. B. C. D. is a mutated form of cancer. is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. is an altered form of pneumonia. causes the human immunodeficiency virus.

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36. A. B. C. D.

is the leading behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Stress Hypertension Smoking Drinking alcohol

37. Which of these cancer treatments has painful and serious side effects? A. B. C. D. Surgery. Radiation. Chemotherapy. All of the above.

38. A. B. C. D.

is the final stage of chronic illness. Dying Recovery Grief Adjustment

39. The A. B. C. D. awareness existence expression experience

of anger is positively related to cardiac reactivity.

40. A. B. C. D.

is a major risk for many types of cancer, especially lung cancer. Drinking alcohol Smoking Early pregnancy Exposure to ultraviolet light

41. A chronic intermittent disorder that causes constriction of the bronchial tubes, therefore preventing air from passing freely is A. B. C. D. asthma. pneumonia. influenza. chronic lower respiratory disease.

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42. A lot of people continue to smoke because they have a(n) A. B. C. D. optimistic bias. self-efficacy. low self-esteem. pessimistic bias.

43. Obesity can result from A. B. C. D. too little physical activity. overeating. slow metabolism. any or all of the above.

44. Which of these is NOT a common result of cigarette smoking? A. B. C. D. cardiovascular disease. chronic lower respiratory disease. dental problems. attractive physical appearance.

45. The body mass index (BMI) A. is a measure of total weight. B. is defined as a person's body weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared. C. is defined as a person's height (in meters) divided by body weight (in kilograms) squared. D. considers age and gender in measuring obesity.

46. Passive smoking is also known as A. B. C. D. smokeless tobacco. nicotine inhalers. cigar and pipe smoking. environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).

47. People with eat huge quantities of food in an uncontrolled manner and then get rid of the food by vomiting or using laxatives. A. B. C. D. anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder morbid obesity
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48. The following is a component of the interpersonal communication process EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. The meaning. The sender. The channel. The receiver.

49. Which of the following is not an aspect of body language? A. B. C. D. Posture. Gestures. Personal space. Gait.

50. Expressing your thoughts directly and honestly without stepping on other people is a description of which communication style? A. B. C. D. Aggressive. Assertive. Submissive. Emphatic.

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PART B

(30 marks)

Answer ALL questions. Mark TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) in the True/False Answer Sheet provided.

QUESTION 1 Cognitive psychology is an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes.

QUESTION 2 Psychoanalysis is based on the belief that problems are symptoms of inner conflicts dating back to childhood.

QUESTION 3 Humanistic psychology emphasizes on realizing one's full potential.

QUESTION 4 The immediate focus in cognitive therapies is to help clients change their behaviors.

QUESTION 5 The biomedical model of disease views pathogens as the cause of disease.

QUESTION 6 The health belief model includes seven factors that should combine to predict health-related behaviors.

QUESTION 7 Punishment inhibits or suppresses behavior.

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QUESTION 8

Psychosomatic medicine is based on the premise that physical illness has its roots in psychological and emotional conflicts.

QUESTION 9 Optimistic bias is one of the key elements in the theory of reasoned action.

QUESTION 10 Self-efficacy refers to people's belief that they have the ability to perform specific behaviors that will lead to desired consequences.

QUESTION 11 Stress is less likely to be aroused when people are vulnerable.

QUESTION 12 Reactivity is the tendency for some people to react more strongly than other people to stress.

QUESTION 13 The experience of pain is both personal and subjective.

QUESTION 14 Manipulation techniques include massage, tai chi chuan, and meditative relaxation. QUESTION 15 Coping is the term applied to strategies people use to manage distressing problems and emotions.

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QUESTION 16

Stress is one factor that makes people vulnerable to depression.

QUESTION 17 Phantom limb pain is the experience of chronic pain in an amputated part of the body.

QUESTION 18 Surgery is a very successful treatment for many people with low back pain.

QUESTION 19 Blood pressure is the most common measurement of cardiovascular function.

QUESTION 20 Most cancer patients have no difficulty adjusting to their diagnosis.

QUESTION 21 Type 1 diabetes is also known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes.

QUESTION 22 For most people, being single and having little social support reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.

QUESTION 23 The greatest inherent risk factor for cancer is advancing age.

QUESTION 24 Chronic illnesses can affect the patients but not their family members and friends.

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QUESTION 25

Many young girls and some young boys begin smoking because they believe it will help them control their weight.

QUESTION 26 Use of diet pills, fasting, and surgery are drastic means of losing weight.

QUESTION 27 Most people who have quit smoking have done so on their own.

QUESTION 28 Cognitive behavioral program is not effective in treating anorexia nervosa.

QUESTION 29 One of the most basic barriers to effective communication is defensiveness.

QUESTION 30 Kinesics is the study of people's use of interpersonal space.

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PART C

(20 marks)

Answer ALL questions.

QUESTION 1 Define health psychology. (3 marks)

QUESTION 2 Briefly explain the biopsychosocial model of health and disease. (5 marks)

QUESTION 3 List three rights or privileges and three duties or responsibilities in the sick role concept as proposed by Alexander Segall. (6 marks)

QUESTION 4 Name six methods to assess patient adherence. (6 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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