Environmental Toxicology

The use of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities from Mytilus galloprovincialis in pollution monitoring
1. Estefania Escartn, 2. Cinta Porte Article first published online: 26 OCT 2009 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620161015 Copyright 1997 SETAC Issue

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volume 16, Issue 10, pages 20902095, October 1997 Additional Information(Show All) How to CiteAuthor InformationPublication History How to Cite Escartn, E. and Porte, C. (1997), The use of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities from Mytilus galloprovincialis in pollution monitoring. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16: 20902095. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620161015 Author Information 1. Environmental Chemistry Department, CID, CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain *Correspondence: Cinta Porte, Environmental Chemistry Department, CID, CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Publication History

1. 2. 3. 4.

Issue published online: 26 OCT 2009 Article first published online: 26 OCT 2009 Manuscript Accepted: 5 MAR 1997 Manuscript Received: 1 NOV 1996

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Keywords:

Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Carboxylesterase; Seasonal variation;

Mussels

Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities have been measured in gills and digestive gland of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. AChE activity was predominantly localized in gills, whereas the highest BChE and CbE specific activities were detected in digestive glands. Commonly used pesticides were examined in vitro for their ability to inhibit mussel esterases; the results obtained pointed out the highest sensitivity of mussel CbE to low concentrations of pesticides, but also the higher sensitivity of gill cholinesterases over digestive gland forms. Seasonal variation in the activity of gill esterases was determined monthly in mussels collected from the Ebro Delta, an area where pesticides and biocides are frequently used. As a general trend, elevated cholinesterase activities were detected in winter, possibly indicating little or no exposure to organophosphorous compounds, whereas the lowest cholinesterase activities were reported over the summer period. These changes were related to agricultural activities in the area and are supported by the detection of organophosphorous pesticides in the tissue of M. galloprovincialis.

Marine Pollution Bulletin Volume 46, Issue 3, March 2003, Pages 324-330
doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00403-4 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI

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Integrated use of biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes activities) in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mullus barbatus in an Italian coastal marine area

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M. G. Lionetto Schettino

, R. Caricato, M. E. Giordano, M. F. Pascariello, L. Marinosci and T.

Lab. di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Universit di Lecce, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy Accepted 15 October 2002. ; Available online 12 February 2003.

Abstract
The use of biomarkers to evaluate the biological effects of chemical pollutants in marine organisms represents a recent tool in the monitoring field responding to the need to detect and assess the effects of chemical contaminants on the biota. The aim of the present work was the field application

of the integrated use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant enzymes (catalaseCAT, glutathione peroxidaseGSH-Px), for detecting the possible exposure/effect induced by chemical pollutants in native marine organisms from a coastal marine area, represented by Salento Peninsula (Italy), that shows a coastline of high environmental value, but under constant urban pressure, including agriculture activities, widely diffused in the whole hinterland. Eight sampling stations were chosen: four not urbanized areas considered uncontaminated controls and four clearly exposed to anthropogenic impact. The bioindicator species studied were a sessile invertebrate, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and a benthic teleost fish, Mullus barbatus. AChE activity in M. galloprovincialis revealed significant differences among places; the minimum values observed (3.91.8 nmol min1 mg1) was about 50% reduced with respect to the maximum found (11.40.9 nmol min1 mg1). The reduction in AChE activity observed in two control stations could be explained by the leaching of pesticides into the sea from the agricultural lands. Moreover, the inhibition of AChE activity by heavy metals besides pesticides, can also explain the reduction of the enzymatic activity observed in an industrialized and harbour area. In M. galloprovincialis AChE activity showed a significant inverse correlation with catalase activity but not with glutathione peroxidase that did not significantly change in animals sampled from the eight stations. Also in M. barbatus AChE activity showed significant differences among places; it was inversely correlated with liver GSH-Px activity, but not with catalase activity, that did not show any significantly variation in animals sampled in the different stations. In conclusion, the integrated use of AChE and antioxidant enzymes (catalase or glutathione peroxidase) in M. galloprovincialis and M. barbatus, two species living in different compartment of marine coastal ecosystem, can find a useful application within the framework of marine coastal environment monitoring programs for detecting the possible exposure/effect induced by chemical pollutants, including pesticides, on living marine organisms. Author Keywords: Biomarkers; Bioindicators; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Mullus barbatus; Acetylcholinesterase; Antioxidant enzymes

Article Outline
1. Introduction 2. Materials 3. Methods 3.1. Study area 3.2. Sampling 3.3. Acetylcholinesterase activity 3.4. Catalase activity 3.5. Glutathione peroxidase 3.6. Protein determination 3.7. Statistical analysis 4. Results 5. Discussion Acknowledgements References