DEPRESSION: THEIR REMEDIES (A TERM PAPER) GEROMO, JHERMEVEL JHEENE A. B. S. Psychology 1 SANCHEZ, RUFINO REGO G. B. S.

. Psychology 1 SERVANO, FLORALICE HOPE S. B. S. Psychology 1

OUTLINE Thesis Statement: We need not spend too much in curing depression because home treatments are not only affordable but also effective.

I. Introduction A. Definition of Depression 1. Authority 2. Etymology B. Definition of Adolescence C. Purposes of the Study 1. To identify the different causes and forms of depression; and 2. To cite the possible remedies for depression II. Body A. Causes of Depression 1. Internal a. Learned Helplessness b. Negative Schema c. Heritable d. Cholinergic and Aminergic System Imbalance 2. External a. Reaction to Loss b. Psychopathology in the Family B. Different Forms 1. Bipolar Depression a. Bipolar I Depression b. Bipolar II Depression c. Postpartum Depression d. Cyclothymia 2. Unipolar Depression a. Major Depression b. Dysthymia c. Seasonal Affective Disorder C. Diagnosis 1. Symptoms a. Affective/Mood Symptoms b. Behavioral Symptoms

c. Cognitive Symptoms d. Somatic or Physical Symptoms D. Treatments 1. Psychodynamic Therapies a. Psychodynamic/Interpersonal Psychotherapy b. Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy 2. Biological Therapies a. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) b. Drug Therapy c. Light Therapy 3. Home Remedies a. Parent Consultation b. Natural/Herbal Remedies III. Summary, Conclusion And Recommendation 1. Summary 2. Conclusion 3. Suggestion/s

Grade: _____________________

Signed by:______________________ Prof. Rodolfo Paulin Yu

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Berman, Snyder, Kozier, Erb. (2008). Kozier and Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing (8th Edition). Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc. Davison, G. C., Neale, J. M. (2001). Abnormal Psychology (8th Edition). Gotlib, Ian H. and Hammen, Constance L. (2002). Handbook of Depression, the Guilford Press. A Division of Guilford Publication, Inc.72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012. Santrock, John W. (2001). Adolescence (8th Edition). New York, NY 10020: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Smith, E. E., Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, B. Fredrickson, Loftus, G. R. (2003). Atskinson and Hilgards Introduction to Psychology. Singapore: Wadsworth Steinberg, Laurence D. (2002). Adolescence (6th Edition). New York, NY 10020: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Wurtman, Richard J. "Neurotransmitter." Microsoft Encarta 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.

WEBSITES http://www.allaboutdepression.com/dia_01.html http://www.entymonline.com/index.php. http://www.iloveindia.com/home-remedies/depression.html http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/depression.html http://www.wikipedia.org

JOURNALS/MAGAZINES (2009, July). Depression How to Treat it. Awake! : Depression Help for Sufferers. Pages 4-9.

Adolescent Depression: Their Remedies

The word depression is derived from the Latin word depresisionem, which means dejection, depression of spirit referring as a clinical term in psychology (http://www.entymonline.com/index.php). In a more specific sense, depression is an emotional state marked by great sadness, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, withdrawal from others, and loss of sleep, appetite, sexual desire and interest and pleasure in usual activities (Davison and Neale, 2001). Depressed individuals usually prefer to be alone. Most of them are out of focus, so it is hard for them to pay attention. They stare at blank spaces and have melancholic and features.

The term adolescence comes from the Latin word Adolescere, meaning to grow or to grow to maturity (http://www.entymonline.com/index.php). Adolescence is defined as the transition between childhood and adulthood, which involves biological, cognitive and socioemotional changes. It is also known as the period of storm and stress (Santrock, 2005). Adolescents tend to change their attitudes and behaviors due to physical changes that have occurred prior to this period. Most adolescents have heightened emotionality, and because of this, they are the ones who mostly suffer from depression.

Depression is the most common psychological disturbance among adolescents. Most people associate depression with feelings of sadness, not knowing what are the different causes and forms of depression. Another issue concerning with the

adolescent depression is that most people do not know what are the proper and possible means to mend depression. Therefore, the purposes of this paper are to identify the different causes and forms of depression among adolescents and to cite its possible remedies. There are several internal causes of depression. One is learned helplessness, which is due to unpleasant and traumatic experiences (Davison, 2001). An individual loses his ability to learn and to interact with peers, and feels helpless because he can do nothing about it. Another is Negative Schema, a tendency to see the world negatively (Davison, 2001). Through certain cognitive biases, people misperceive reality and expect themselves to fail most of the time. Smith, et.al (2009) believes that there is increasing evidence that recurrent depression is heritable. This means that depressed pregnant women will bear depressed children in the future. Last, Cholinergic and Aminergic used as neurotransmitter, which serves as chemical signals sent by neurons (Wurtman, 2007). Since some neurotransmitters regulate mood, an imbalance of the system causes people to become depressed.

Reaction to loss is one of the external causes of depression. The death of a family member, a friend, or even your_ a pet can go beyond normal grief

(http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/

mind/mental_health/depression.html). Some

people cannot cope with great loss. They hardly accept what is real and true. They grieve

and mourn continually. Another external cause of depression is Psychopathology in the family (Beckham and Leber, 2002). Interaction among family members is important. Each family members characteristics can highly influence the other, especially from a parent to children. Children may develop mood disorders if their parents are depressed.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of depressed mood extremely elevated mood (http://www.allaboutdepression.com/dia_01.html). A person with bipolar disorder experiences extreme highs and lows of mood. He feels great joy, to the extent that his behavior is inappropriate and he is unable to perceive reality. He also feels great sadness and is engaged in major depression. Certain types of bipolar disorders are bipolar bipolar II and I. In these disorders, one feels the same sense of depression. They only differ in some symptoms. Another type of bipolar disorder is cyclothymia wherein a person has frequent periods of depressed moods and hypomania, in which during depression they have inflated self-esteem (Davison, 2001). That is, a cyclothymiacs performance would depend in which of the two, depression or hypomania.

One experiences extreme and profound sadness in unipolar depression that persist for about weeks and years (http://www..wikipedia.org). People having unipolar depression has a wide gradient in the severity of the symptoms and it can vary dramatically. Unipolar depression is subdivided into three categories; first, the major depressive disorder which is characterized by sadness and loss of interest. It persists for at least two weeks with difficulties in an individuals functioning. Second, dysthymia, which is low chronic grade depression, is less severe than the first. It persists for at least two weeks without depressive symptoms for more than two months. Third, the seasonal affective disorder, which is a type of unipolar depression, develops annually because of lack of sunlight during autumn and winter (Awake, 2009). These symptoms of three categories are quite similar in their treatments.

Depression in a clinical sense has four types of symptoms namely emotional, cognitive, motivational and physical symptoms (Steinberg, 2002). Emotional symptoms include low self-esteem. Individuals having these symptoms may show chronic sadness, apathy and feelings of worthlessness. The second symptom, cognitive symptoms include pessimism and hopelessness (Steinberg, 2002). Depressed people possessing these kinds of symptoms experiences difficulty in concentrating and decisionmaking. Most of them have suicidal ideation and thoughts or wishes of death. The third

symptom, motivational symptoms include social withdrawal, agitation, irritability, and experiences frequent breakdowns (http://www.wikipedia.org). We can observe out from this people with their hostile and passive behaviors. Finally, physical symptoms include difficulty in sleeping, hypersomia, fatigue and weight loss.

A form of Psychodynamic therapy that concentrates on present-day interactions between the depressed person and the social environment is effective for alleviating depression (Davison, 2001). Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) focuses on the persons current life and aims to understand its interpersonal problems. They develop social skills and social-role requirement of the person, and give him freedom to express his unrecognized negative feelings. On the other hand, Cognitive Therapy (CT) aimed at altering maladaptive thought patterns (Davison, 2001). Therapist persuades patients to think well of themselves, that they may identify thoughts that contributes depression. Behavioral components are also used in cognitive restructuring, such that, patients experiences success with their given task. However, comparison of the effectiveness, of the IPT and CT did not vary if the depressed person indicates readiness for change in social and personal relations.

The Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression that uses unilateral shock, anesthetics and muscle relaxants (Davison, 2001).

A patient can be cured using this kind of method in which passing currents are administered to patients having severe depression that can usually be seen in a hospital setting. Antidepressant drugs are the most commonly used treatment for depression (Davison, 2001). These drugs alleviate depression and produces mild feeling of relaxation. The proper maintenance of dosage must be as high to have an effective treatment. However, abusive use of drugs can cause bad side effects that will affect in a persons health. Another therapy exclusive for the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder is the Light therapy. Light therapy is a repeated exposure to bright light, which helps about 75% people having Seasonal Affective Disorder (Cohen, 2007). Exposure to bright light or sunlight can help in lifting mood. Further, it will lessen the prevailing symptoms such hypersomia and high crave for food.

Depression is one of the most common emotional problems around the world. However, the good news is that it is also one of the most treatable conditions (http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/depression.html). Actually,

such problem could be treated at home by parent consultation or by herbal remedies. Opening up to parents or other adults help lessen the burden. They could be supportive and a good adviser who might as well save the life of the depressed person. On the other

hand, some herbal remedies are much better in curing depression. In fact, would you believe that one simple effective home remedy for treating depression is by drinking a glass of warm water with rose petals and sugar solution? (http://www.iloveindia.com/home-

remedies/depression.html). It is because rose petals contain glucoside that helps to relax due to its sweetness, which produces happy hormones or betaendomorphine. One simple way also, that might surprise you is a neutral immersion bath for about an hour that would do wonders in curing a person off depression and uplift his/her mood. Yet, another natural way to cure depressed mind is to soak feet in a tub with hot water with rosemary leaves, chlorine and some soap added to it. Do this for about 20 minutes and rub your feet (http://www.iloveindia.com/home-remedies/depression.html). However, you might be wondering why all these are effective remedies. This is because; submerging your high tempered body to lukewarm water relaxes and cools down your stress nerves and muscle tensions.

Knowing the different causes of depression will help people know the different forms. Eventually, this depression will cause severity to us. Since not everyone might know depression is a curable disorder, this paper cited the different causes and symptoms to come up with a possible remedy. Aside from parent consultation and counseling, it could also be treated scientifically such as Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Drug Therapy and Light Therapy. Another and yet the cheapest form of treatment

is through herbal medicine. Rose petals may not only be useful in courting someone, it is also useful in treating depression.

APPENDIX

Parent Consultation

Aminergic System

Cholinergic System Depressed pregnant woman having a possibility of giving birth to a depressed baby.

A teenager with suicidal ideation

A woman with hypersomnia

Antidepressants