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Some planners currently use $3.80 / MBtu ($3.60 / GJ) (for Design Criteria Project Schedule Reference Plant
long term contracts - interruptible). Dramatic fluctuations in Layout Drawings
natural gas prices can significantly impact design evaluation Equipment & Motor Capital Cost O&M Cost
results such as IRR, and therefore influence plant design Lists Estimates Estimates
choices. Similarly, Figure 1 illustrates recent extreme Performance & Reference Diagrams Financial Pro Forma
electricity price fluctuations for the East Central Region. Emission Data
The wide variations in CT performance and gas and Because so many project-specific site and financial
electricity pricing indicate that project developers need an variables interact with the design, no single parameter can be
analysis method that accounts for variables with significant real- used to judge the optimum solution for any particular project.
world variations. The equivalent annual evaluation method (the The value of the SOAPP-CT WorkStation for plant developers
simplified analysis used in this study) is summarized in Table 1. is its ability to integrate performance, cost, and financial
analysis capabilities into one product; combine them with a
SOAPP-CT WORKSTATION flexible data input structure; and enable a large number of
Another critical component of the analysis methodology is “what if” design scenarios for plant developers seeking to
EPRI’s SOAPP-CT WorkStation, which automates plant reduce risk and optimize financial returns. The SOAPP-CT user
conceptual design, as well as the selection of heat and material can optimize plant designs by changing technical and financial
balances, equipment selection and sizing, fuel types, criteria, and then assessing the design against project and
environmental issues, and other plant design factors. SOAPP- market uncertainties. As a result, the SOAPP-CT Workstation
CT then automatically estimates plant performance, operational is a valuable tool for evaluating the impacts of key design
costs, and IRR. Figure 2 illustrates SOAPP-CT software decisions on overall performance, financial return, and project
operation sequence: risk.
The unit data group of the SOAPP-CT Workstation allows PLANT DEFINITION
users to input specific key design attributes of a specific CC For the purposes of this study, a specific plant
unit. First, the user selects the desired CT model, choosing from configuration was applied to all CC plant designs (see Table 2).
a database of commercially available 50- and 60-Hz models that
range in size from 20 MW to 220 MW. The user then selects COMBUSTION TURBINE INLET COOLING OVERVIEW
simple cycle, combined cycle, and cogeneration cycles One of the most effective ways to improve CC plant
configurations, depending upon the variables being compared. performance is to boost CT output by cooling the inlet
In the next step, the user configures each major equipment item combustion air entering the turbine. Because CTs are constant
and selects process design conditions (e.g., HRSG steam volume machines – and air mass flow through the turbine is
pressures and temperatures, as well as pinch and approach directly defined by the air’s density – changes in air temperature
points). Inlet air cooling can be selected, steam turbine and density can impact CC turbine performance. For example,
condenser pressure can be defined, and capital, fuel, O&M and as ambient air temperature increases, its density decreases, thus
other cost adjustments can also be made. Overall, the user can permitting less air mass flow to enter the turbine. This
select 400 inputs to allow for proper definition of the plant decreased mass flow can reduce the CT's power capability
design being tested. dramatically. Typically, power output drops by one percent for
every two degrees Fahrenheit increase in temperature. If the
Other key groups allow the user to input site data, fuel data, inlet temperature is 20°F (11.1°C) above ISO conditions, the
and economic data. Specifically, the site data input group allows gas turbine power drops by approximately 10 percent. Inlet air
the user to input expected ambient conditions (e.g., temperature
250
1%
95%
200
99%
Mean
150 98 ECAR
100
50
Date
Financial
Financial Estimate
Design
Design
basis
basis schedule
selection
selection
Table 6: Operating Cases for Phoenix Case Study Using Evaporative Coolers
Case Configuration Description