SCAFFOLDING

DEFINITION:

A scaffold is a temporary structure to support a number of platforms at different heights to enable workers to reach their work and to permit the raising of materials.

Its includes any working platforms, ladders and guard rails

Strong enough to carried load

Construction material should not fell down from platform of scaffolding

REQUIREMENT IN CONSTRUCTION OF SCAFFOLDING

All the components must be fix tightly

Firmly Construct

TUBULAR STEEL

TUBULAR ALUMINIUM ALLOY

MATERIALS

TIMBER

BAMBOO

ADVANTAGES OF SCAFFOLDING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

ERECTING BY ONE MAN IN USE AS SHORING THE UNIVERSAL MODULAR SCAFFOLDING SPEED SAFETY SAFE WORK LOAD REDUCE SHUT DOWN TIME

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. PUTLOG SCAFFOLDS (BRICKLAYERS SCAFFOLDS) INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLDS BIRDCAGE SCAFFOLDS TRUST-OUT SCAFFOLDS MOBILE TOWERS SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS SLUNG SCAFFOLDS

BASIC COMPONENTS OF SCAFFOLDING

The key elements of a scaffold are: (i) Standards The standards, also called uprights, are the vertical tubes that transfer the entire mass of the structure to the ground where they rest on a square base plate to spread the load. (ii) Ledgers Ledgers are horizontal tubes which connect between the standards. (iii) Transoms Transoms rest upon the ledgers at right angles. Main transoms are placed next to the standards; they hold the standards in place and provide support for boards; Intermediate transoms are those placed between the main transoms to provide extra support for boards. (iv) Base Plate The base plate has a shank in its centre to hold the tube and is sometimes pinned to a sole board.

A Standard B Ledger C Transom D Base Plate

BASIC COMPONENTS OF SCAFFOLDING

PUTLOG SCAFFOLDS
This form of scaffolding consists of single row of uprights or standards set away from the wall at a distance, which will accommodate the required width of the working platform. Plywood is used as a platform Length of Putlog = 1m The putlog tube being flattened at one end and driven into a joint or alternatively a putlog head may be used. Distance between putlog and transom is about 1350mm to 1500mm The scaffold is tied back to the wall at suitable openings. Mostly used for buildings of traditional brick construction.

INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLDS
An independent scaffold has two rows of standards, which are tied by cross members called transoms Every scaffold should be securely tied to the building at intervals of approximately 3.60m vertically and 6.00m horizontally. Tube with a reveal pin in the opening can provide a connection point for the cross members. If suitable openings are not available then the scaffold should be strutted from the ground using raking tubes inclined towards the building. Cross brace is used to support the scaffolding.

BIRDCAGE SCAFFOLD
The Birdcage scaffold is called because it resembles a cage. Normally use inside the buildings (for larger projects involving longer periods of time) to provide a platform for working on ceilings, soffits or in the installation of lighting, ventilation or sprinkler system. They consist of parallel rows of standards connected by ledgers in both directions, the whole arrangement being firmly braced in all direction. The whole birdcage scaffold assembly is designed to support a single working platform.

TRUST OUT SCAFFOLDS

This is a form of independent tied scaffold used where it is impracticable, undesirable or uneconomic to build a scaffold from ground level.

The supporting scaffold structure is known as the truss out. The assembly of this form of scaffold requires special skills and should therefore be carried out by trained and experienced personal.

MOBILE TOWER SCAFFOLDS

These scaffolds are constructed to the basic principles as for independent tubular scaffolds and are used to provide access to restricted or small areas where mobility is required.

Mobile scaffold is more cost effective than fixed scaffolding. Suitable for a variety of purpose and trades including painting, glass, roof insulations and etc.

SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS
These consist of a working platform in the form of a cradle which is suspended from cantilever beams or outriggers from the roof of a tall building to give access to the faade for carrying out light maintenance work and cleaning activities. The cradles can have manual or power control and be in single units or grouped together to form a continuous working platform. Suspended scaffolds or permanent cradles system is normally installed at roof level and this recommended for all building over 30.00m high. Suspended scaffolds is useful for work such as: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Window cleaning Brick and masonry restoration Painting Maintenance Inspection and etc

SLUNGS SCAFFOLDS
These are a form of scaffold, which is suspended from the main structure by means of wire ropes or steel chains.

Slung scaffolds are an alternative to birdcage scaffolds and although more difficult to erect have the advantage of leaving a clear space beneath the working platform which makes them suitable for cinemas, theatres and high ceiling banking halls.