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Seminar Report
On
'FEM%OCELL %ECNOLOGY
SUBMITTED BY
SATYAM KUMA#
3 partal fulfllme3t of the requreme3t For the award of the
Degree of
Bachelor oI %echnology
In
InIormation %echnology
(Biju pattnaik University OI %echnology)











epartment oI InIormation %echnology
%emplecity Institute oI %echnology nd Engineering
(Biju pattnaik University OI %echnology)
Bhubaneswar,Khurda.




Ccr|ifica|c














Tnis is |c ccr|ifq |na| Mr SATYAM KUMAR ocaring rcg.nc-
0801801250 a s|udcn| cf Tem|eclt lnstltute Of Techno|og
and Englneerlng ,Bl]u Pattnalk Unlterslt Of Techno|og and
Englneerlng 8.Tccn.(|nfcrna|icn Tccnnc|cgq) scncs|cr nas
suoni||cd His Scninar cn|i||cd
||MTOC||| T|CHNO|OGY undcr cur guidancc.




Scninar in Cnargc
Miss Snri|i Rc|na Daq

Acknowledgments

Tho salisfaclion lhal acconpanios lho succossfuI conpIolion of
any lask lhal WouId lo inconpIolo vilhoul lho poopIo, vhoso
conslanl guidanco and Lncouiagononl ciovns aII offoil vilh
succoss.
I oxpioss ny doop sonso of Cialiludo lo Iiof. Sangukla
Hoad of dopailnonl of LIoclionics & connunicalion
onginooiing Ioi his
inilialivo and conslanl inspiialion. LaslIy oxpiossing
doop gialiludo lo aII lho Iocluios and fiionds foi lhoii Co-
opoialion, consliuclivo ciilicisn and vaIualIo suggoslions
duiing lho Iiopaialion of lhis soninai iopoil.
Thanks lo aII.


WAQAR SAA HAIDLR
ELECTRONlCS SCOMMUNlCATlON ENGG





Abstract



















ln LelecommunlcaLlons a femLocell ls a small cellular base sLaLlon Lyplcally deslgned for use ln a
home or small buslness lL connecLs Lo Lhe servlce provlder's neLwork vla broadband (such as uSL or
cable) currenL deslgns Lyplcally supporL 2 Lo 4 acLlve moblle phones ln a resldenLlal seLLlng and 8 Lo
16 acLlve moblle phones ln enLerprlse seLLlngs A femLocell allows servlce provlders Lo exLend servlce
coverage lndoors especlally where access would oLherwlse be llmlLed or unavallable AlLhough
much aLLenLlon ls focused on WCuMA Lhe concepL ls appllcable Lo all sLandards lncludlng CSM
CuMA2000 1uSCuMA WlMAx and L1L soluLlons
lor a moblle operaLor Lhe aLLracLlons of a femLocell are lmprovemenLs Lo boLh coverage and
capaclLy especlally lndoors Consumers beneflL from lmproved coverage and poLenLlally beLLer volce
quallLy and baLLery llfe uependlng on Lhe carrler Lhey may also be offered more aLLracLlve Larlffs
eg dlscounLed calls from home
lemLocells are an alLernaLlve way Lo dellver Lhe beneflLs of flxedmoblle convergence (lMC) 1he
dlsLlncLlon ls LhaL mosL lMC archlLecLures requlre a new (dualmode) handseL whlch works wlLh
exlsLlng unllcensed specLrum home/enLerprlse wlreless access polnLs whlle a femLocellbased
deploymenL wlll work wlLh exlsLlng handseLs buL requlres lnsLallaLlon of a new access polnL LhaL uses
llcensed specLrum
Many operaLors have launched femLocell servlce lncludlng vodafone A11 SprlnL nexLel verlzon
and Moblle 1eleSysLems
ln 3C Lermlnology a Pome node8 (Pn8) ls a 3C femLocell A Pome enode8 (Pen8) ls an L1L
femLocell
1yplcally Lhe range of a mlcrocell ls less Lhan Lwo kllomeLers wlde a plcocell ls 200 meLers or less
and a femLocell ls on Lhe order of 10 meLers1 alLhough A11 calls lLs producL wlLh a range of 40
feeL (12 m) a mlcrocell2
ConLenLs hlde
1 Cvervlew and beneflLs
11 CperaLlng mode
12 8eneflLs for users
2 SLandardlsed archlLecLures
3 Alr lnLerfaces
4 lssues
41 lnLerference
42 Lawful lnLercepLlon
43 LqulpmenL locaLlon
44 Lmergency calls
43 CuallLy of servlce
46 SpecLrum accuracy
3 ConLroversy on consumer proposlLlon
6 ueploymenL
7 See also
8 8eferences
9 LxLernal llnks
edlLCvervlew and beneflLs

edlLCperaLlng mode
lemLocells are sold by a Moblle neLwork CperaLor (MnC) Lo lLs resldenLlal or enLerprlse cusLomers
A femLocell ls Lyplcally Lhe slze of a resldenLlal gaLeway or smaller and connecLs Lo Lhe users
broadband llne lnLegraLed femLocells (whlch lnclude boLh a uSL rouLer and femLocell) also exlsL
Cnce plugged ln Lhe femLocell connecLs Lo Lhe MnCs moblle neLwork and provldes exLra coverage
lrom a users perspecLlve lL ls plug and play Lhere ls no speclflc lnsLallaLlon or Lechnlcal knowledge
requlred anyone can lnsLall a femLocell aL home
ln mosL cases3 Lhe user musL Lhen declare whlch moblle phone numbers are allowed Lo connecL Lo
hls/her femLocell usually vla a web lnLerface provlded by Lhe MnC4 1hls only needs Lo be done
once When Lhese moblle phones arrlve under coverage of Lhe femLocell Lhey swlLch over from Lhe
macrocell (ouLdoor) Lo Lhe femLocell auLomaLlcally MosL MnCs provlde a way for Lhe user Lo know
Lhls has happened for example by havlng a dlfferenL neLwork name appear on Lhe moblle phone All
communlcaLlons wlll Lhen auLomaLlcally go Lhrough Lhe femLocell When Lhe user leaves Lhe
femLocell coverage (wheLher ln a call or noL) area hls phone hands over seamlessly Lo Lhe macro
neLwork lemLocells requlre speclflc hardware so exlsLlng Wlll or uSL rouLers cannoL be upgraded
Lo a femLocell
Cnce lnsLalled ln a speclflc locaLlon mosL femLocells have proLecLlon mechanlsms so LhaL a locaLlon
change wlll be reporLed Lo Lhe MnC WheLher Lhe MnC allows femLocells Lo operaLe ln a dlfferenL
locaLlon depends on Lhe MnCs pollcy lnLernaLlonal locaLlon change of a femLocell ls noL permlLLed
because Lhe femLocell LransmlLs llcensed frequencles whlch belong Lo dlfferenL neLwork operaLors ln
dlfferenL counLrles
edlL8eneflLs for users
1he maln beneflLs for an enduser are Lhe followlng
3 bar coverage when Lhere ls no exlsLlng slgnal or poor coverage
Plgher moblle daLa capaclLy whlch ls lmporLanL lf Lhe enduser makes use of moblle daLa on Lhelr
moblle phone (may noL be relevanL Lo a large number of subscrlbers who lnsLead use Wlll where
femLocell ls locaLed)
uependlng on Lhe prlclng pollcy of Lhe MnC speclal Larlffs aL home can be applled for calls placed
under femLocell coverage
lor enLerprlse users havlng femLos lnsLead of uLC1 phones enables Lhem Lo have a slngle phone so
a slngle conLacL llsL eLc
edlLSLandardlsed archlLecLures

1he sLandards bodles have publlshed formal speclflcaLlons for femLocells for Lhe mosL popular
Lechnologles namely WCuMA CuMA2000 L1L and WlMAx 1hese all broadly conform Lo an
archlLecLure wlLh Lhree ma[or elemenLs
1he femLocell access polnLs Lhemselves whlch embody greaLer neLwork funcLlonallLy Lhan found ln
macrocell basesLaLlons such as Lhe radlo resource conLrol funcLlons 1hls allows much greaLer
auLonomy wlLhln Lhe femLocell enabllng selfconflguraLlon and selfopLlmlsaLlon lemLocells are
connecLed uslng broadband l such as uSL or cable modems Lo Lhe neLwork operaLors core
swlLchlng cenLres
1he femLocell gaLeway comprlslng a securlLy gaLeway LhaL LermlnaLes large numbers of encrypLed
l daLa connecLlons from hundreds of Lhousands of femLocells and a slgnalllng gaLeway whlch
aggregaLes and valldaLes Lhe slgnalllng Lrafflc auLhenLlcaLes each femLocell and lnLerfaces wlLh Lhe
moblle neLwork core swlLches uslng sLandard proLocols such as lu
1he managemenL and operaLlonal sysLem whlch allows sofLware updaLes and dlagnosLlc checks Lo
be admlnlsLered 1hese Lyplcally use Lhe same 18069 managemenL proLocol publlshed by Lhe
8roadband lorum and also used for admlnlsLraLlon of resldenLlal modems
1he key lnLerface ln Lhese archlLecLures ls LhaL beLween Lhe femLocell access polnLs and Lhe
femLocell gaLeway SLandardlsaLlon enables a wlder cholce of femLocell producLs Lo be used wlLh any
gaLeway lncreaslng compeLlLlve pressure and drlvlng cosLs down lor Lhe common WCuMA
femLocells Lhls ls deflned as Lhe luh lnLerface ln Lhe luh archlLecLure Lhe femLocell gaLeway slLs
beLween Lhe femLocell and Lhe core neLwork and performs Lhe necessary LranslaLlons Lo ensure Lhe
femLocells appear as a radlo neLwork conLroller Lo exlsLlng MSC's Lach femLocell Lalks Lo Lhe
femLocell gaLeway and femLocell gaLeways Lalk Lo Lhe CnL (MSC for CS calls SCSn for S calls) 1hls
model was proposed by 3C and Lhe lemLo lorum3 new proLocols (Pn8A and 8uA) have been
derlved Pn8A ls used for Lhe conLrol slgnallng beLween Lhe Pn8 and Pn8CW 6 whlle 8uA ls a
llghLwelghL mechanlsm Lo replace Lhe SCC and M3uA proLocols ln Lhe 8nC lLs prlmary funcLlon ls
LransparenL Lransfer of 8AnA messages7
ln March 2010 Lhe lemLo lorum and L1Sl conducLed Lhe flrsL lugfesL Lo progress lnLeroperablllLy of
Lhe luh sLandard8
1he CuMA2000 sLandard released ln March 20109 dlffers sllghLly by adopLlng Lhe Sl proLocol Lo
seL up a connecLlon beLween Lhe femLocell and a femLocell convergence server (lCS) volce calls are
rouLed Lhrough Lhe lCS whlch emulaLes a Moblle SwlLchlng CenLre (MSC) Sl ls noL requlred or used
by Lhe moblle devlce lLself ln Lhe Sl archlLecLure Lhe femLocell connecLs Lo a core neLwork of Lhe
moblle operaLor LhaL ls based on Lhe Sl/lMS archlLecLure 1hls ls achleved by havlng Lhe femLocells
behave Loward Lhe Sl/lMS neLwork llke a Sl/lMS cllenL by converLlng Lhe clrculLswlLched 3C
slgnallng Lo Sl/lMS slgnallng and by LransporLlng Lhe volce Lrafflc over 81 as deflned ln Lhe lL1l
sLandards
edlLAlr lnLerfaces

AlLhough much of Lhe commerclal focus seems Lo have been on uM1S Lhe concepL ls equally
appllcable Lo all alrlnLerfaces lndeed Lhe flrsL commerclal deploymenL was Lhe cdma2000 Alrave ln
200710
lemLocells are also under developmenL or commerclally avallable for CSM 1uSCuMA WlMAx and
L1L
1he P(e)n8 funcLlonallLy and lnLerfaces are baslcally Lhe same as for regular PSA or L1L base
sLaLlons excepL few addlLlonal funcLlons 1he dlfferences mosLly Lo supporL dlfferences ln access
conLrol Lo supporL closed access for resldenLlal deploymenL or open access for enLerprlse
deploymenL as well as handover funcLlonallLy for acLlve subscrlbers and cell selecLlon procedures
for ldle subscrlbers lor L1L addlLlonal funcLlonallLy was added ln 3C 8elease 9 whlch ls
summarlzed ln11
edlLlssues

lemLocells are a compllcaLed Lechnology and Lhere have been a number of lssues and concerns
whlch need Lo be addressed
edlLlnLerference
1he placemenL of a femLocell has a crlLlcal effecL on Lhe performance of Lhe wlder neLwork and Lhls
ls Lhe key lssue Lo be addressed for successful deploymenL 8ecause femLocells can use Lhe same
frequency bands as Lhe convenLlonal cellular neLwork Lhere has been Lhe worry LhaL raLher Lhan
lmprovlng Lhe slLuaLlon Lhey could poLenLlally cause problems
lemLocells lncorporaLe lnLerference mlLlgaLlon LechnlquesdeLecLlng macrocells ad[usLlng power
and scrambllng codes accordlngly 8alph de la vega A11 resldenL reporLed ln !une 2011 Lhey
recommended agalnsL uslng femLocells where slgnal sLrengLh was mlddle or sLrong because of
lnLerference problems Lhey dlscovered afLer wldescale deploymenL12 1hls dlffers from prevlous
oplnlons expressed by A11 and oLhers
A good example ls Lhe commenLs made by Cordon Mansfleld LxecuLlve ulrecLor of 8An uellvery
A11 speaklng aL Lhe lemLozone aL C1lA March 2010
#We have deployed femLocells cocarrler wlLh boLh Lhe hopplng channels for CSM macrocells and
wlLh uM1S macrocells lnLerference lsn'L a problem We have LesLed femLocells exLenslvely ln real
cusLomer deploymenLs of many Lhousands of femLocells and we flnd LhaL Lhe mlLlgaLlon Lechnlques
lmplemenLed successfully mlnlmlse and avold lnLerference 1he more femLocells you deploy Lhe
more upllnk lnLerference ls reduced"
1he lemLo lorum has some exLenslve reporLs on Lhls sub[ecL whlch have been produced LogeLher
wlLh 3C and 3C21314
1o quoLe from Lhe Summary aper Summary of llndlngs
1he slmulaLlons performed ln Lhe lemLo lorum WC2 and 3C 8An4 encompass a wlde specLrum of
posslble deploymenL scenarlos lncludlng shared channel and dedlcaLed channel deploymenLs ln
addlLlon Lhe sLudles looked aL Lhe lmpacL ln dlfferenL morphologles as well as ln closed versus open
access 1he followlng are broad concluslons from Lhe sLudles
1 When femLocells are used ln areas of poor or no coverage macro/femLo lnLerference ls unllkely Lo
be a problem
2 lf Lhe femLo neLwork ls sharlng Lhe channel (cochannel) wlLh Lhe macro neLwork lnLerference can
occur Powever lf Lhe lnLerference managemenL Lechnlques advocaLed by Lhe lemLo lorum are
adopLed Lhe resulLlng lnLerference can be mlLlgaLed ln mosL cases
3 A femLocell neLwork deployed on an ad[acenL dedlcaLed channel ls unllkely Lo creaLe lnLerference
Lo a macro neLwork AddlLlonally Lhe lmpacL of a macro neLwork on Lhe performance of a femLocell
on an ad[acenL channel ls llmlLed Lo lsolaLed cases lf Lhe lnLerference mlLlgaLlon Lechnlques
advocaLed by Lhe lemLo lorum are used Lhe lmpacL ls furLher marglnallsed
4 Closed access represenLs Lhe worsLcase scenarlo for creaLlon of lnLerference Cpen access
reduces Lhe chances of user LqulpmenL (moblle phone handseLs 3C daLa dongles eLc) on Lhe
macro neLwork lnLerferlng wlLh a proxlmaLe femLocell
3 1he same concluslons were reached for boLh Lhe 830 MPz (3C 8and 17) and 2100 MPz (3C
8and 1) deploymenLs LhaL were sLudled
1he concluslons are common Lo Lhe 830 MPz and 2100 MPz bands LhaL were slmulaLed ln Lhe
sLudles and can be exLrapolaLed Lo oLher moblle bands WlLh lnLerference mlLlgaLlon Lechnlques
successfully lmplemenLed slmulaLlons show LhaL femLocell deploymenLs can enable very hlgh
capaclLy neLworks by provldlng beLween a 10 and 100 Llmes lncrease ln capaclLy wlLh mlnlmal
deadzone lmpacL and accepLable nolse rlse lemLocells can also creaLe a much beLLer user
experlence by enabllng subsLanLlally hlgher daLa raLes Lhan can be obLalned wlLh a macro neLwork
and neL LhroughpuLs LhaL wlll be ulLlmaLely llmlLed by backhaul ln mosL cases (over 20 Mbps ln 3
MPz)
edlLLawful lnLercepLlon
Access polnL base sLaLlons ln common wlLh all oLher publlc communlcaLlons sysLems are ln mosL
counLrles requlred Lo comply wlLh lawful lnLercepLlon requlremenLs
edlLLqulpmenL locaLlon
CLher regulaLory lssues13 relaLe Lo Lhe requlremenL ln mosL counLrles for Lhe operaLor of a
neLwork Lo be able Lo show exacLly where each basesLaLlon ls locaLed and for L911 requlremenLs
Lo provlde Lhe reglsLered locaLlon of Lhe equlpmenL Lo Lhe emergency servlces 1here are lssues ln
Lhls regard for access polnL base sLaLlons sold Lo consumers for home lnsLallaLlon for example
lurLher a consumer mlghL Lry Lo carry Lhelr base sLaLlon wlLh Lhem Lo a counLry where lL ls noL
llcensed Some manufacLurers are uslng CS wlLhln Lhe equlpmenL Lo lock Lhe femLocell when lL ls
moved Lo a dlfferenL counLry16 Lhls approach ls dlspuLedclLaLlon needed as CS ls ofLen unable
Lo obLaln poslLlon namely lndoors because of weak slgnal
edlLLmergency calls
Access olnL 8ase SLaLlons are also requlred slnce carrylng volce calls Lo provlde a 911 (or 999 112
eLc) emergency servlce as ls Lhe case for vol phone provlders ln some [urlsdlcLlons13 1hls
servlce musL meeL Lhe same requlremenLs for avallablllLy as currenL wlred Lelephone sysLems 1here
are several ways Lo achleve Lhls such as alLernaLlve power sources or fallback Lo exlsLlng Lelephone
lnfrasLrucLure
edlLCuallLy of servlce
When uslng an eLherneL or AuSL home backhaul connecLlon an Access olnL 8ase SLaLlon musL
elLher share Lhe backhaul bandwldLh wlLh oLher servlces such as lnLerneL browslng gamlng
consoles seLLop boxes and Lrlpleplay equlpmenL ln general or alLernaLlvely dlrecLly replace Lhese
funcLlons wlLhln an lnLegraLed unlL ln sharedbandwldLh approaches whlch are Lhe ma[orlLy of
deslgns currenLly belng developed Lhe effecL on CuallLy of Servlce may be an lssue
1he upLake of femLocell servlces wlll depend on Lhe rellablllLy and quallLy of boLh Lhe cellular
operaLor's neLwork and Lhe LhlrdparLy broadband connecLlon and Lhe broadband connecLlons
subscrlber undersLandlng Lhe concepL of bandwldLh uLlllzaLlon by dlfferenL appllcaLlons a subscrlber
may use When Lhlngs go wrong subscrlbers wlll Lurn Lo cellular operaLors for supporL even lf Lhe
rooL cause of Lhe problem lles wlLh Lhe broadband connecLlon Lo Lhe home or workplace Pence Lhe
effecLs of any LhlrdparLy lS broadband neLwork lssues or Lrafflc managemenL pollcles need Lo be
very closely monlLored and Lhe ramlflcaLlons qulckly communlcaLed Lo subscrlbers
A key lssue recenLly ldenLlfled ls acLlve 1rafflc shaplng by many lSs on Lhe underlylng LransporL
proLocol lSec ukbased femLocell auLhorlLy LplLlro have recenLly provlded slgnlflcanL publlcly
avallable research and lnslghL lnLo many of Lhese lfocused CoS lssues A femLocell deploymenL
gulde from LplLlro ls avallable for download here
edlLSpecLrum accuracy
1o meeL lederal CommunlcaLlons Commlsslon (lCC) / Cfcom specLrum mask requlremenLs
femLocells musL generaLe Lhe radlo frequency slgnal wlLh a hlgh degree of preclslon 1o do Lhls over
a long perlod of Llme ls a ma[or Lechnlcal challenge 1he soluLlon Lo Lhls problem ls Lo use an
exLernal accuraLe slgnal Lo consLanLly callbraLe Lhe osclllaLor Lo ensure lL malnLalns lLs accuracy 1hls
ls noL slmple (broadband backhaul lnLroduces lssues of neLwork [lLLer/wander and recovered clock
accuracy) buL Lechnologles such as Lhe lLLL 1388 Llme synchronlsaLlon sLandard may address Lhe
lssue Also neLwork 1lme roLocol (n1) ls belng pursued by some developers as a posslble soluLlon
Lo provlde frequency sLablllLy ConvenLlonal (macrocell) base sLaLlons ofLen use CS Llmlng for
synchronlzaLlon and Lhls could be used16 alLhough Lhere are concerns on cosL and Lhe dlfflculLy of
ensurlng good CS coverage
SLandards bodles have recognlzed Lhe challenge of Lhls and Lhe lmpllcaLlons on devlce cosL lor
example 3C has relaxed Lhe 30ppb parLsperbllllon preclslon Lo 100ppb for lndoor base sLaLlons
ln 8elease 6 and a furLher loosenlng Lo 230ppb for Pome node8 ln 8elease 8
edlLConLroversy on consumer proposlLlon

1he lmpacL of a femLocell ls mosL ofLen Lo lmprove cellular coverage wlLhouL Lhe cellular carrler
needlng Lo lmprove Lhelr lnfrasLrucLure (cell Lowers eLc) 1hls ls neL galn for Lhe cellular carrler
Powever Lhe user musL provlde and pay for an lnLerneL connecLlon Lo rouLe Lhe femLocell Lrafflc
and Lhen (usually) pay an addlLlonal oneoff or monLhly fee Lo Lhe cellular carrler Some have
ob[ecLed Lo Lhe ldea LhaL consumers are belng asked Lo pay Lo help relleve neLwork
shorLcomlngs17 Cn Lhe oLher hand resldenLlal femLocells normally provlde a personal cell whlch
provldes beneflLs only Lo Lhe owners famlly and frlends18
edlLueploymenL

Accordlng Lo markeL 8esearch flrm lnforma and Lhe lemLo lorum19 as of uecember 2010 18
operaLors have launched commerclal femLocell servlces wlLh a LoLal of 30 commlLLed Lo
deploymenL
lemLocell shlpmenLs are esLlmaLed Lo have reached almosL 2 mllllon aL Lhe end of 201020
8esearch flrm 8erg lnslghL esLlmaLes LhaL Lhe shlpmenLs wlll grow Lo 12 mllllon unlLs worldwlde ln
201421
WlLhln Lhe unlLed SLaLes Lhe mosL slgnlflcanL deploymenLs up Lo uecember 2010 are by SprlnL
nexLel verlzon Wlreless and A11 Wlreless SprlnL sLarLed ln Lhe Lhlrd quarLer of 2007 as a llmlLed
rollouL (uenver and lndlanapolls) of a homebased femLocell bullL by Samsung LlecLronlcs called Lhe
SprlnL Alrave LhaL works wlLh any SprlnL handseL22 lrom 17 AugusL 2008 Lhe Alrave was rolled
ouL on a naLlonwlde basls CLher operaLors ln Lhe unlLed SLaLes have followed sulL ln !anuary 2009
verlzon rolled ouL lLs Wlreless neLwork LxLender based on Lhe same deslgn as Lhe SprlnL/Samsung
sysLem23 ln laLe March 2010 A11 announced naLlonwlde rollouL of lLs 3C MlcroCell whlch
commenced ln Aprll 1he equlpmenL ls made by Clsco SysLems and lpaccess and was Lhe flrsL 3C
femLocell ln uS supporLlng boLh volce and daLa PSA24 8oLh SprlnL23 and verlzon26 upgraded
Lo 3C CuMA femLocells durlng 2010 wlLh capaclLy for more concurrenL calls and much hlgher daLa
raLes
ln Asla several servlce provlders have rolled ouL lemLocell neLworks ln !apan SofL8ank Moblle
launched lLs resldenLlal 3C femLocell servlce ln !anuary 200927 wlLh devlces provlded by ublqulsys
ln Lhe same year Lhe operaLor launched a pro[ecL Lo deploy femLocells Lo dellver ouLdoor servlces ln
rural envlronmenLs where exlsLlng coverage ls llmlLed28 ln May 2010 SofL8ank Moblle launched
Lhe flrsL free femLocell offer29 provldlng open access femLocells free of charge Lo lLs resldenLlal
and buslness cusLomers ln Slngapore SLarhub rolled ouL lLs flrsL naLlonwlde commerclal 3C
lemLocell servlces wlLh devlces provlded by Puawel 1echnologles Lhough Lhe upLake ls low whlle
SlngLels offerlng ls LargeLed aL small medlum enLerprlses ln 2009 Chlna unlcom announced lLs own
lemLocell neLwork30 n11 uoCoMo ln !apan launched Lhelr own lemLocell servlce on Lhe 10Lh
november 200931
ln lu/y 2009 vodofone re/eosed the first lemtoce//
network in uropel2 the vodofone 4ccess 6otewoy
provided by 4/cote/Lucentll 1his wos rebronded os
5ure5iqno/ in lonuory 2010l4 ofter which vodofone o/so
/ounched service in 5poin 6reece New 2eo/ondl5 lto/y
ond lre/ondl Other operotors in urope hove fo//owed
since then with 5lk in lronce l7 with femtoce//s provided
by ubiquisys ond Optimus 1e/ecomunicoes 54 in
Portuqo