..

:
// .
2002. .385. 4. . 571-573.
http://cdn.scipeople.com/materials/4389/2002DAN385Ru.Inhib.ec.remediation.do
c; :
( , ).
, -
() Crassostrea gigas.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
,
, - () (,
, 2000, 2001).
, .
,

( , ).
,
Unio tumidus (, 1991, .380, .714-717); Mytilus edulis (, 1998 , .262,
.574-576) Crassostrea gigas (, 2001, . 378, .283-285).
Ostroumov S.A. Identification of a new type of hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of
ecological remediation. Doklady Akademii Nauk (DAN) 2002. V.385. No. 4. p. 571-573. Translated

into English: Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of

processes of ecological remediation. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002. 385: 377-379. In
Eng.; ISSN 0012-4966. DOI 10.1023/A:1019929305267.
http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; PMID: 12469618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]-ABSTRACT: New data on the inhibition of filter-feeders by chemical mixtures (detergents) are
reported. The detergent Lanza-Automat inhibited water filtration by the bivalve (oysters)
Crassostrea gigas. As a result, the removal from water of suspended cells of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae was inhibited by the detergent. New data are in line with the previous findings of the
same author on the similar action of other detergents as well as surfactants (e.g., Ostroumov,
2000, 2001). The author formulated and substantiated a new conceptualization of ecological
hazards from chemicals that pollute aquatic environment. The author proposed that the ability
of bivalves to contribute to water purification and ecosystem remediation may be damaged by
chemical pollutants exemplified by detergents. The concept is in accord with the conclusions
made on some other studies of the same author using bivalves Unio tumidus (DAN, 1991,
v.380: 714-717); Mytilus edulis (DAN, 1998, v.262: 574-576) and Crassostrea gigas (DAN,
2001, v. 378: 283-285). Experiments were performed using mollusks (oysters), Crassostrea gigas
Thunberg, and a cell suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cell suspension was a model of suspended
matter in aquatic ecosystem. Laundry detergent Lanza-Automat inhibited water filtration by oysters C. gigas.
As a result, the removal of the cells (S. cerevisiae) from water was inhibited. This demonstrated a new type of

ecological hazard caused by water pollution with chemical pollutants at sublethal concentrations. This hazard
is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes inhibition of the physiological activity of
filter-feeders, thereby inhibiting the important ecological processes of water filtration. These ecological
processes contribute significantly to improving water quality, water purification and the related remediation of
aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair). [Effects on elimination efficiency (EEE); new concept of
ecological remediation as ecological repair; new data on inhibitory effects of the detergent Lanza-Automat 20
mg/L on water filtration by oysters C. gigas and removal of the cells of S. cerevisiae from water (Tabl. 1); a
summary table of effects of cationic, anionic, non-ionic surfactants, pesticides, potassium bichromate, on
marine and freshwater bivalves, larvae of Ephemeroptera, rotifers, and Cladocera mainly the data of the
author plus some data from literature (Tabl. 2) The author identified "a new type of ecological hazard caused
by water pollution. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes inhibition of
the physiological activity of hydrobionts, thereby inhibiting the ecological processes mediated by the
hydrobionts. These processes contribute significantly to water purification and the related remediation of
aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair)" (p.379)]. See the additional refs and text:

http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/ and other sites listed at the end; also, the sites of MAIK and
Springer, and/or PubMed (see the PubMed identification number, PMID: 12469618; PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE).
-- : , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , , , ,
, ,
, , , , , ,
- , , , ,

, ,
,
, , , , TTMA,
; , ; Lanza-Automat, Benckiser; IXI Bio-Plus, Cussons; ()
dish washing liquid E, Cussons International Ltd; dish washing liquid Fairy, Procter&Gamble Ltd; AHC, Avon Hair
Care, , , , , , 100, , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , , "", Mytilus edulis,
Crassostrea gigas, Dreissena polymorpha, Unio tumidus, M. galloprovincialis M. edulis, , Ephemeroptera,
Brachionus calyciflorus, Cladocera, Saccharomyces, Isochrysis galbana, I. galbana, Nannochloropsis limnetica, S. cerevisiae.
--KEY WORDS: functions of ecosystems, ecosystem services, improving water quality, aquatic, chemistry and environmental
toxicology, ecotoxicology, environmental security, the biosphere, filter-feeders, aquatic organisms, suspended matter, organic, mineral
particles, stability of aquatic ecosystems, natural processes, remediation of water systems, bivalve mollusks, invertebrates, mixture
products, detergents, aquaculture, inhibition, man-made, anthropogenic impact, pollution, water filtration, chemicals, filtration activity,
oysters, surfactants, surfactant, tensides, bioremediation, pollutants, biological testing of chemical substances, bioassays, criteria for
assessment of hazards of chemicals, lethal, sublethal effects, organisms, freshwater, the impact on the efficiency of removal, zooplankton;
At which concentration a laundry detergent may inhibit water filtration by bivalves oysters?; Effects on elimination efficiency (EEE); new
concept of ecological remediation as ecological repair, TDTMA, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate;
laundry detergent Lanza-Automat, Benckiser; IXI Bio - Plus, Cussons; liquid detergent, dish washing liquid E, Cussons International Lts;
dish washing liquid Fairy, Procter & Gamble Ltd; AHC, Avon Hair Care, potassium dichromate, fungicide, carbendazim, trimethyltin
chloride, Triton X100, pesticides, particles of kaolin, water clearance, plankton, filtering, larvae, the removal of cells, algae, microcosm,
Cladocera, phytoplankton, chlorophyll "a", Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea gigas, Dreissena polymorpha, Unio tumidus, M. galloprovincialis
M. edulis, hybrid organisms, Ephemeroptera, Brachionus calyciflorus, Cladocera, Saccharomyces, Isochrysis galbana, I. galbana,
Nannochloropsis limnetica, S. cerevisiae.

574.6: 574.635: 574.685

:

: 2002. .385. 4. . 571-573.

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1. .. // [ ] 2000. . 372. 2. . 279-282.
2. .. // [] 2000. . 374. 3. . 427-429.
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8 . .. // 2001. . 378. 2. . 283-285.
9. Yablokov A.V., Ostroumov S.A. Conservation of Living Nature and Resources:
Problems, Trends and Prospects. Berlin et al.: Springer-Verlag. 1991. 272 p.
10. . . // . 2000. . 371. 6. . 844-846.
11. . . . .: - ,
1986. 176 .
12. Belanger S.E., Guckert J., Bowling J., Begley W., Davidson D., LeBlanc E., Lee D. //
Aquatic Toxicology. 2000. No. 2-3. V.48. P. 135-150
13. Van den Brink P., // Aquatic Toxicology. 2000 V.48. No. 2-3. P. 251264.
14. .. // . 2000. . 375. . 6. . 847-849. [ .]

15. .. // . 2001. . 380. . 5. .714-717.

[]

 1.
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Widdows,
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[13]

. TTMA ;
; 1(L) - Lanza-Automat (Benckiser); 2 (I) - IXI
Bio-Plus (Cussons); 1 () - dish washing liquid E
(Cussons International Lts); 2 (F) - dish washing liquid Fairy (Procter&Gamble
Ltd); AHC Avon Hair Care. - - .
-,
. P. Donkin
...

 2009 .

.
, .
[1, 2].

[3-5].

, .
1. O .., ., .
// () 2003. . 390. 3. .423-426 [ 0.5 /
Brachionus calyciflorus
Nannochloropsis limnetica (Eustigmatophyceae 1.5-6 )].
2. Ostroumov S.A., Walz N., Rusche R. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers.Doklady Biological Sciences. 2003. Vol. 390. p. 252-255 (in Eng.; ISSN 0012-4966. Distributed by
Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com). [surfactant TDTMA 0.5 mg l-1, turbidostat; the culture of
rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus feeding on algae Nannochloropsis limnetica]. DOI
10.1023/A:1024417903077.
3. O .., . (Widdows J.)]. : // . .16.
. 2004. 4. . 38 - 41. [ 0.3 5 /
- Mytilus edulis M. galloprovincialis
]. (Effects of cationic surfactant on mussels: inhibition of water
filtration. - Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta (Bulletin of Moscow University). Ser. 16 Biology.
(ISSN 0201-7385; ISSN 0137-0952) 2004. No. 4. P. 38-41. [TDTMA, Mytilus edulis
M.galloprovincialis]. [In collaboration: S.A.O., J.Widdows]).
4. Ostroumov S.A., Widdows J. Effects of cationic surfactant on mussels: inhibition of water filtration.
- Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin (ISSN 0096-3925; Allerton Press, Inc., NY, NY
10001), 2004. Vol. 59. No. 4. P. 29-33. [In collaboration:] Effects of three surfactants on the filtration
rates by marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a class of cationic
surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a
representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three surfactants inhibited the
clearance rates. The significance of the results for the ecology of marine ecosystems is discussed.
5. Ostroumov S.A., Widdows J. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three classes.
- Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. P. 381 386. Effects of three surfactants on the filtration rates
by marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic
surfactants (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a class of cationic surfactants;
sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a representative
of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. The
significance of the results for the ecology of marine ecosystems is discussed. DOI 10.1007/s10750-0051200-7; http://www.springerlink.com/content/7166067538534421/; http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/;
(
).

( , , , ...)
. . //
(), (2004), 396. 1, . 136141.
.. :
// (). 2000. . 371. 6. . 844-846.
..
// (). 2000. . 372. 2. . 279-282.
.. . .
: Lymnaea stagnalis // ().
2000. . 373. 2. . 278-280.
.. :
// , 2000, . 374, 3. .427-429.
.. //
, 2000, . 375, 6. .847-849.
..
// . . . 2001. 1. . 108-116.
.. -.
. 2001. . 378. 2. . 283-285.
.. ,
, // . 2001. . 379. 1. . 136138.
.. . . C, N, P,
Si, Al. . 2001.. 379. 3. .426-429.
.. Unio tumidus
. . 2001. . 380.
5. . 714-717.
..
. . 2001. . 380. 6 . 847-849.
.. . . 2001 .
381 5. .709-712.
.. :
. . 2002. .382. 1. . 138-141.
.. :
- . . 2002. .383. 1. .138-141.
..
// . 2002. . 383. 5. .710-713.
.., . . (C, N, P, Si, Al)
: // . C. 16. . 2003 1. .1524.
.., ., .
// () 2003. . 390. 3. .423-426.
.. // . 2003. . 73. 3.
.232-238. 42.
-
// 2004, . 31. 5. . 546 - 555.

 .. :
// . 2004. .124. 5. . 429-442.
// .
2005. . 32. 3. . 337-347. ( ,

).

. ., .. :
// . 2009, . 425, No. 2, . 271272.
-
: // (=Doklady Akademii Nauk), 2009,
. 425, 6, . 843845. [: .., ..]
, :
// . 2009. 18(1): 4145. [:
.., .., ..]

// . 2002. . 2. 3. .50-54;
.. : //
. 2004. .74. 9. C.785-791.
..
// . 2002. . 2. 3. .50-54.
C.., .., .., ..

.// . 2008 , . 17, 2, .84-87.
.., .., .., ..
// . 2009. 1. .45-46.

// : . 2007.
4, . 54-68 [: C..., .. , .. , .. , .. ].

// : . 2007. 3. c. 68-77 [: C...,
..].
.., ..
// : . 2009.
2. . 62 68.
Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb
Ceratophyllum demersum: // . 2009. .428. 2. . 282-285
[.: .., ..]
.., .. (As, , Fe, Mn, Zn,
Cu, Cd, Cr) :
- () // .
2009. 9, .42-45.

The list of some most important publications by Dr. S.A. Ostroumov in English
(some publications contain new data as related to water quality). Many of those
publications are at: http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/ and other sites listed at the end; also, many
of the publications are at the site of MAIK and Springer, and/or PubMed (see the PubMed identification
number, PMID).

1. Ostroumov S. A. Biological filtering and ecological machinery for self-purification and

bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems: towards a holistic view // Rivista di Biologia / Biology
Forum. 1998. V. 91(2). P.221-232.
2. Ostroumov S. A., Donkin P., Staff F. Filtration inhibition induced by two classes of synthetic
surfactants in the bivalve mollusk Mytilus edulis // Doklady Biological Sciences, 1998. Vol. 362, P.
454-456. ISSN 0012-4966. Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com [bioeffects of
the anionic surfactant SDS 0.5-4 mg/L during 30-60 min, and the non-ionic surfactant Triton X100 4 mg/L during 60 and 120 min on M. edulis. SDS 1, 2, and 4 mg/L after 30-90 min inhibited
the filtration rate and removal of the cells of algae Isochrysis galbana from water. Triton X-100 4
mg/L also inhibited the filtration rate and removal of the cells of algae Isochrysis galbana during
60-120-min incubation].
3. Ostroumov S. A. The concept of aquatic biota as a labile and vulnerable component of the water
self-purification system - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, 2000, pp. 286289. [Translated
from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 372, No. 2, 2000, pp. 279282.
4. Ostroumov S. A. An aquatic ecosystem: a large-scale diversified bioreactor with a water selfpurification function.- Doklady Biological Sciences, 2000. Vol. 374, P. 514-516. ISSN 0012-4966.
5. Ostroumov SA. Criteria of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects on the biota: searching
for a system. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2000; 371:204-206. PMID: 10833660
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
6. Ostroumov S. A. An amphiphilic substance inhibits the mollusk capacity to filter out
phytoplankton cells from water. - Biology Bulletin, 2001, Volume 28, Number 1, p. 95-102. The
effect of synthetic anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, 4 mg/l) on the kinetics of water
filtration by mussel Mytilus edulis was studied. A suspension of algae Isochrysis galbana was added
to the vessel with the mussels, and their filtration activity was measured by counting the
concentration of the algae cells in the experimental vessels. Algae concentration was measured
every 30 min for an hour and a half. The inhibiting effect on the mollusk filtration rate (FR) was
qualitatively described. After the first 30 min filtration at 4 mg/l initial SDS concentration, the cell
density was 322% of the control. The inhibiting effect was observed later as well. Due to FR
inhibition in the vessels with the above specified initial SDS concentration, the algae cell density
was 6.4 and 14.7 times that of the control after 1 and 1.5 h, respectively. Thus, SDS can decrease
the natural capacity of aquatic ecosystems for self-purification and disturb other aspects of
ecosystem functioning through inhibiting the filtration activity of mussels. The obtained data are
discussed in the context of environment and hydrosphere protection from pollution. [MAIK
Nauka/Interperiodica distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN 1062-3590
(Print) 1608-3059 (Online)]. DOI 10.1023/A:1026671024000.
7. Ostroumov SA. The synecological approach to the problem of eutrophication. - Dokl Biol Sci.
(Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 381:559-562. PMID: 12918433 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
8. Ostroumov SA. The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic
effects. - Dokl Biol Sci. (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 380:499-501. PMID: 12918416
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
9. Ostroumov SA. Responses of Unio tumidus to mixed chemical preparations and the hazard of
synecological summation of anthropogenic effects. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences).
2001; 380: 492-495. PMID: 12918414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
10. Ostroumov SA, Kolesnikov MP. Pellets of some mollusks in the biogeochemical flows of C, N, P,
Si, and Al. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 379:378-381. PMID: 12918380
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11. Ostroumov SA. Imbalance of factors providing control of unicellular plankton populations exposed
to anthropogenic impact. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 379:341-343.
PMID: 12918370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
12. Ostroumov SA. Effect of amphiphilic chemicals on filter-feeding marine organisms.- Dokl Biol
Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 378:248-250. PMID: 12918342 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
13. Ostroumov S. A. Inhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication,
algal blooms, and water self-purification // Hydrobiologia. 2002. vol. 469. P.117-129. 8 tables.
[Top-down control is an important type of interspecies interactions in food webs. It is especially
important for aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton grazers contribute to the top-down control of
phytoplankton populations. This article is focused on the role of benthic suspension-feeders (filter feeders) in the control of plankton populations as a result of water filtering and the removal of
suspended matter (including the cells of plankton) from the water column. New data on the
inhibitory effects of synthetic surfactants and detergents on the activity of benthic filter-feeders
(freshwater mussels Unio tumidus, U. pictorum, marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, M.
edulis, and oysters Crassostrea gigas) are presented and discussed. Importance and efficiency of that
approach to the problems of eutrophication and water self-purification is pointed out. The chemical
pollution may pose a threat to the natural top-down control of phytoplankton and water selfpurification processes. The latter are an important prerequisite for sustainable use of aquatic
resources. Surfactant SDS at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L inhibited water filtration by Crassostrea
gigas, at a concentration of 1.7 mg/L suppressed the filtering activity of M. galloprovincialis, at
that of 1-5 mg/L decreased water filtration by M. edulis. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100
(TX100) at a concentration of 0.5-5 mg/L induced a sharp slowdown in water filtration by M.
edulis, at 1 and 5 mg/L it caused a decrease in the filtration rate by the freshwater bivalve Unio
tumidus. The cationic surfactant TDTMA at 1-2 mg/L constrained the filtering activity of the
freshwater bivalve Unio pictorum. 4 detergents (6.7-50 mg/L) hindered the filtration by M.
galloprovincialis. 3 detergents (1-30 mg/L) slowed down the clearance rate during water filtration
by Crassostrea gigas. The shampoo AHC (Avon Herbal Care) at concentrations 5-60 mg/L arrested
the filtration by M. galloprovincialis]. (Springer Press, Dordrecht) ISSN 0018-8158. DOI
10.1023/A:1015559123646.
14. Ostroumov S. A. Polyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification:
current conceptualizations and concluding remarks // Hydrobiologia. 2002. v. 469 (1-3): P.203204. ISSN 0018-8158 (Print) 1573-5117 (Online). [Selected elements of a new vision of the role of
biodiversity in water purification and maintaining the natural purification potential of ecosystems,
elements of the theory of water self-purification. Some fundamental principles that characterize the
pivotal roles of the biodiversity of filter-feeders in ecosystems. Among those roles are: (1) the role
of ecological repair of water quality, (2) the role of contributing to reliability and stability of the
functioning of the ecosystem, (3) the role of contributing to creation of habitat heterogeneity, (4) the
role of contributing to acceleration of migration of chemical elements. It is an important feature of
the biomachinery of filter-feeders that it removes from water various particles of a very broad range
of sizes. Another important principle is that the amount of the organic matter filtered out of water is
larger than the amount assimilated so that a significant part of the removed material serves no useful
function to the organism of the filter-feeder, but serves a beneficial function to some other species
and to the ecosystem as a whole. The new experiments by the author additionally demonstrated a
vulnerability of the filtration activity of filter feeders (e.g., bivalves and rotifers) to some
xenobiotics (tetradecyltrymethylammonium bromide, heavy metals and some others). The
inhibition of the filtration activity of filter-feeders may lead to the situation previously described as
that of an ecological impairment of the second type]. DOI 10.1007/s10750-004-1875-1.

15. Ostroumov SA. Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of
processes of ecological remediation. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002;
385:377-379. PMID: 12469618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
16. Ostroumov SA. System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the
biodiversity of filter-feeders. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:147-150.
PMID: 12053567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
17. Ostroumov SA. A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagialbenthal coupling. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:127-130. PMID:
12053562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
18. Ostroumov SA. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 382:18-21. PMID: 11998748 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE]
19. Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves // Hydrobiologia.
2003. Vol. 500. P. 341-344. (Springer Press, Dordrecht) ISSN 0018-8158. Effects of several
surfactants and chemical mixtures on marine bivalves were studied. An anionic surfactant, sodium
dodecylsulphate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
(TDTMA) inhibited the filtering activity of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Similar effects were
exhibited by some chemical mixtures that included surfactants. Those mixtures inhibited the
filtering activity of Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The inhibition of filtering
activity took place as a result of the effects of surfactant TDTMA 0.5mg l-1 on oysters Crassostrea
gigas; SDS 0.5 mg l-1 on C. gigas; 3 synthetic detergent mixtures on Mytilus galloprovincialis and
C. gigas. The new results are in agreement with the author's previous experiments, where a number
of xenobiotics and/or pollutants inhibited the filtering activity of several species of marine and
freshwater bivalves, e.g., it had been shown that SDS inhibited filtering activity of Mytilus edulis
(e.g., Ostroumov, 2000, 2001). This experimental approach is helpful in assessment of
environmental hazards from man-made chemicals that can contaminate marine systems. DOI
10.1023/A:1024604904065.
20. Ostroumov SA. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: towards a new system of principles and criteria
for analysis of ecological hazards.- Riv Biol. 2003; 96(1):159-169. Review. PMID: 12852181
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
21. Ostroumov SA, Walz N, Rusche R. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers. - Dokl
Biol Sci. (Doklady Biological Sciences) 2003; 390:252-255. PMID: 12940156 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE]
22. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. - Doklady Biological
Sciences, 2004, Vol. 396, Numbers 1-6, p. 206-211. [System of elements of the theory of biotic
maintaining the natural purification potential of ecosystems]. DOI:
10.1023/B:DOBS.0000033278.12858.12.
23. Ostroumov S. A. Elements of the qualitative theory of biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems.
Application of the theory to biodiversity conservation practice. - Moscow University Biological
Sciences Bulletin. (ISSN 0096-3925) 2004. Vol. 59. No. 1. P.26-35.
24. Suspension-feeders as factors influencing water quality in aquatic ecosystems. - In: The
Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems, R.F. Dame, S. Olenin (Eds), Springer,
Dordrecht, 2004. p. 147-164. [Proceedings of the Advanced Research Workshop on The
Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems, Nida, Lithuania 49 October 2003.
Suspension-feeders are found in both pelagic and benthic systems. They function as an important
part of an ecosystem's biomachinery that maintains water quality and purification potential in
aquatic systems. They remove suspended matter and excrete faeces, pseudofaeces and dissolved

inorganic materials that contribute to nutrient cycling between the water column and the benthic
habitats. Suspension-feeders are a key part of many natural aquatic remediation systems and they
can decrease some negative anthropogenic impacts. Recent authors experiments are reported that
demonstrate new effects of pollutants on the filtration rates of suspension-feeders. Table 1: factors
decreasing water quality in aquatic ecosystems; Table 2: how filter-feeders may produce effects on
9 processes of water purification (chemical oxidation by oxygen, photodegradation etc.); Table 3:
quantitative data on filter-feeders of 12 large taxa (Rotifers, Polychaeta etc.); Table 4: amount of the
days for the water column to be filtered in 20 ecosystems; Table 5: production of biosediments per
year or per day by filter-feeders; Table 6: chemicals that inhibit filtration rates (mainly the data
generated by the author); Table 7: Key facts and principles that characterize suspension - feeders as
part of water-filtering biomachinery maintaining water quality; Table 8: the level-block approach to
the analysis of ecological hazards of anthropogenic effects on the biota. New concepts:
polyfunctional role of suspension-feeders regulating ecosystem processes (p.155); "suspensionfeeders have a potential to contribute to creating habitat heterogeneity (in terms of patchiness of
concentrations of suspended matter in water) (p.157); "ecological taxation: suspension-feeders pay
ecological tax to the community (ecosystem)" (p.157)]. ISBN 978-1-4020-3028-4 (Print) 978-14020-3030-7 (Online). DOI 10.1007/1-4020-3030-4_9.
25. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia, 2005. Vol. 542, No. 1. P.
275 286 (in Eng.). ISSN 0018-8158 (Print) 1573-5117 (Online). Tab.1. Examples of the impact of
filter-feeders on the water column: clearance time. Tab. 2. Examples of diversity of taxons of
benthic organisms involved in removing seston from water, and filtration rates. Tab. 3. Effect of the
increase in concentration of algae on the filtration rate and the amount consumed by rotifers
Brachionus calyciflorus. Tab. 4. The ratio F:P in some groups of organisms (examples of
"ecological taxation"). Tab. 5. The ratio F: (P+R) in some filter feeders. Tab. 6. Results of the
ecological tax: biosediment formation in 6 ecosystems. Tab.7. Contribution of various aquatic
organisms to oxidation of organic matter in the ecosystem of the Sea of Okhotsk. Tab. 8. Some
chemicals that inhibit the filtering activity of the filter-feeders (new data of the author). Tab. 9.
Some features of water-filtering biomachinery: 6 fundamental principles. Tab. 10. The level-block
approach to the analysis of ecological hazards of anthropogenic effects on the biota (the new
conceptualization proposed by the author). Some fundamental principles that characterize the
pivotal roles of the biodiversity of filter-feeders in ecosystems. Among those roles are: (1) the role
of ecological repair of water quality, (2) the role of contributing to reliability and stability of the
functioning of the ecosystem, (3) the role of contributing to creation of habitat heterogeneity, (4) the
role of contributing to acceleration of migration of chemical elements. It is an important feature of
the biomachinery of filter-feeders that it removes from water various particles of a very broad
range of sizes. Another important principle is that the amount of the organic matter filtered out of
water is larger than the amount assimilated so that a significant part of the removed material serves
no useful function to the organism of the filter-feeder, but serves a beneficial function to some
other species and to the ecosystem as a whole. The new experiments by the author additionally
demonstrated a vulnerability of the filtration activity of filter feeders (e.g. bivalves and rotifers) to
some xenobiotics (tetradecyltrymethylammonium bromide, heavy metals and some others). The
inhibition of the filtration activity of filter-feeders may lead to the situation previously described as
that of an ecological impairment of the second type. DOI 10.1007/s10750-004-1875-1.
26. Ostroumov S. A. On some issues of maintaining water quality and self-purification. - Water
Resources. 2005,Volume 32, Number 3, p. 305-313. [Generalizations presented in this paper
represent, in systematized form, the basic elements of the qualitative theory of water selfpurification in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Recommendations are given for maintaining
water quality and sustainable development of water resources. Results of experimental studies of
the effect exerted by surfactant Triton X-100 and OMO synthetic detergent on filtration activity by
mollusks Unio tumidus. Translated from: Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2005, p. 337346.

Publisher: MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.

ISSN 0097-8078 (Print) 1608-344X (Online)] DOI 10.1007/s11268-005-0039-7.
27. Ostroumov S. A. On the multifunctional role of the biota in the self-purification of aquatic
ecosystems // Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, p. 414420. Translated from
Ekologiya, No. 6, 2005, p. 452459. Publisher: MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica co-published with
Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. ISSN: 1067-4136 (Paper) 1608-3334 (Online). DOI
10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x.
28. Ostroumov S. A. Biomachinery for maintaining water quality and natural water self-purification in
marine and estuarine systems: elements of a qualitative theory // International Journal of Oceans
and Oceanography. 2006. Volume 1, No.1. p.111-118. [ISSN 0973-2667]. Publisher: Research
India Publications, Dehli]. Basic elements are formulated for a qualitative theory of the
polyfunctional role of the biota in maintaining self-purification and water quality in aquatic
ecosystems. The elements of the theory covers the following: (1) sources of energy for the
mechanisms of selfpurification; (2) the main functional blocks of the system of self-purification; (3)
the list of the main processes that are involved; (4) analysis of the degree of participation of the
main large taxons; (5) degree of reliability and the main mechanisms providing the reliability; (6)
regulation of the processes; (7) the response of the system towards the external influences (manmade impacts); (8) the analogy between ecosystems and a bioreactor; and (9) conclusions relevant
to the practice of biodiversity conservation. In support of the theory, results are given of the author's
experiments which demonstrated the ability of some pollutants (surfactants, detergents, and some
others) to inhibit the water filtration activity of marine filter-feeders (namely, the bivalve mollusks
Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas).
29. Ostroumov S. A., J. Widdows. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three
classes. // Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. Pages: 381 386. [Effects of SDS, TDTMA, and
Triton X-100 on M. edulis and M. edulis / M. galloprovincialis. Effects of three surfactants on the
filtration rates by marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic,
cationic and non-ionic surfactants (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a
class of cationic surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and
Triton X-100, a representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three surfactants
inhibited the clearance rates. The significance of the results for the ecology of marine ecosystems is
discussed].
30. Ostroumov S. A. Biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: from the theory to ecotechnologies.
- Ecologica, 2007. vol. 15 (50), p.15-23. (ISSN 0354-3285; Belgrade); [without coauthors]. Some
basic elements of a new theory for the biological mechanism for water self-purification are
presented. Hydrobionts (aquatic organisms) are actively involved in various processes leading to
water purification. Not only microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi), but also algae,
plants, invertebrates, and many other groups of organisms are involved, which is discussed and
analyzed in the paper. Results of the author's experiments that study the effects of various pollutants
on aquatic organisms (freshwater and marine bivalves) are given. The theory is an innovative basis
for developing ecological technologies to clean water and to upgrade its quality by using organisms
and ecosystems [http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-32850750015O].
31. Ostroumov S. A. Basics of the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and
water self-purification.- Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 147-152.
[MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica; distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC; ISSN 19954255 (Print) 1995-4263 (Online); DOI 10.1134/S1995425508010177; Original Russian Text
S.A. Ostroumov, 2006, published in Sibirskii Ekologicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 699
706]. The paper formulates some basics of the modern ecological theory of the polyfunctional role
of biota in the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and self-purification of

aquatic ecosystems. The theory covers the following items: (1) sources of energy for selfpurification mechanisms, (2) the main structural and functional units of the self-purification system,
(3) the main processes involved in the system, (4) contributions of major taxa to self-purification,
(5) self-purification system reliability and supporting mechanisms, (6) the response of some key
components of the self-purification system to external factors, (7) particulars of the operation of
water purification mechanisms, and (8) conclusions and recommendations for biodiversity
preservation practice. Surfactants, detergents, salts of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Co, Ti, V (Na3VO4 12
H2O), and oil hydrocarbons, inhibited water filtration by bivalves M. galloprovincialis.
32. Vorozhun I. M., S. A. Ostroumov. On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: effects of
sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009,
Vol. 425, p. 133134. [ISSN 0012-4966, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009. DOI:
10.1134/S0012496609020136; original Russian text: I.M. Vorozhun, S.A. Ostroumov, 2009,
published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 425, No. 2, p. 271272]. The goal of this study
was to test whether SDS has an inhibitory effect on the ability of planktonic filter-feeders Daphnia
magna to remove phytoplankton from water during their filtration activity. Daphnia were kept under
laboratory conditions in vessels and fed with phytoplankton: green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda.
After filtration for 624 h in the presence of SDS at concentrations 5 and 10 mg/l, the abundance of
S. quadricauda cells in water was higher than in the control. At the lower SDS concentrations (0.1,
0.5, and 1 mg/l), differences in the abundance of algal cells relative to the control were observed
after 3 h of incubation and disappeared after 624 h of incubation. The calculation of the mean rate
of algae removal by daphnia showed that this parameter decreased within the first 3 h after the
beginning of incubation in the presence of SDS. Thus, the results of our experiments demonstrated
that SDS decreases the rate of water filtration by the planktonic crustaceans D. magna.
33. Solomonova E.A., S.A. Ostroumov. Tolerance of an aquatic macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L. to
sodium dodecyl sulphate. - Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin [ISSN 0096-3925
(Print) 1934-791X (Online)]). 2007. Volume 62, Number 4. p. 176-179. DOI
10.3103/S0096392507040074. [Publisher: Allerton Press, Inc. distributed exclusively by Springer
Science+Business Media LLC]. The effects of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl suplphate on
the aquatic macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L. are studied. Concentrations of 83133 mg/l caused
fragmentation of the stems of plants. The tolerance of the plants to the negative effects of the
surfactant was higher in the spring (April) than in the autumn (September). Original Russian Text
E.A. Solomonova, S.A. Ostroumov, 2007, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta.
Biologiya, 2007, No. 4, pp. 3942.
34. Lazareva E. V., Ostroumov S. A. Accelerated decrease in surfactant concentration in the water of a
microcosm in the presence of plants: innovations for phytotechnology. - Doklady Biological
Sciences, 2009, Vol. 425, pp. 180182. [Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.; ISSN 0012-4966; Presented by
Academician G.V. Dobrovolsky; DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609020276; original Russian text: E.V.
Lazareva, S.A. Ostroumov, 2009, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 425, No. 6, pp.
843845]. It was discovered that plant biomass help towards restoration the water quality in the
system which was polluted with a synthetic surfactant. Addition of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS)
to water rapidly changed the surface tension of water in the microcosm. The measurements
demonstrated that the surface tension of water in the microcosm with the macrophyte OST1
restored to the level which was close to that of pure water within less than three days. As soon as
after 46-h incubation of the system containing the plant phytomass, the surface tension increased
significantly and reached that of distilled water. In the variants with water without plant phytomass,
restoration of the normal surface tension was much longer (about 17 days). The results
demonstrated an accelerated restoration of the normal surface tension which was typical of pure
water in those systems that contained SDS in the presence of the phytomass of the macrophyte

OST1. This is consistent with the conclusion that the macrophyte accelerates the disappearance of
the surfactant from water.
additional references of relevant publications see:
http://sites.google.com/site/bioeffectsofsurfactants/
http://sites.google.com/site/surfactantinhibitfilterfeed02/
http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/
http://sites.google.com/site/bioticupgradewaterquality2008/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/
http://sites.google.com/site/biochemicalecology/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsineng/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsruen/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-that-cited-saostroumov
http://sites.google.com/site/biosphereostroumov/home
http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/home
http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/list-of-publications-by-sa-ostroumov
http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/
Many of the publications are at the sites of MAIK and Springer, and/or PubMed (see the PubMed
identification number, PMID).