Kinetics and Equilibrium Review The following reaction sequence can be used to answer questions 16 - 18 Pt + N2 PtN2 PtN2 N + N + Pt

Pt + H2 PtH2 PtH2 H + H + Pt

Pt + H2 PtH2 PtH2 H + H + Pt

Pt + H2 PtH2 PtH2 N+H H + H + Pt NH

NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N+H NH

NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 1. What is Pt in the following reaction sequence?___ a) p reactant b) an intermediate c) a catalyst d) a product

2. What is NH in the following reaction sequence?___ a) a reactant b) an intermediate c) a catalyst d) a product

3. What is NH2 in the following reaction sequence?____ a) a reactant b) an intermediate What is the overall reaction: c) a catalyst d) a product

Without the addition of Pt the reaction could follow the following reaction mechanism
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 15) 16) 17) N2 + N2 N + N + N + N H2 + H2 H + H + H + H H2 + H2 H + H + H + H H2 + H2 H + H + H + H N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3

The following kinetics experiment yielded the following results Trials 1 2 3 [N2] .250 .750 .250 [H] .750 .750 .250 [NH3 / s] 1.0x10-3 M/s 9.0x10-3 M/s 1.0x10-3 M/s

4. The order of the reaction with respect to the N2 is ____ a) zero order b)1st order c) 2nd order d) can not be determined from data 5. The order of the reaction with respect to the H2 is ____ a) zero order b)1st order c) 2nd order d) can not be determined from data 6. From the data, which step from the reaction mechanism is most likely the rate determining step? ___ a) Step 1 b) Step 2,3,4 c) Steps 5,8,11,15 d) Steps 6,9,12,16 e) Steps 7,10,13,17 7. From the data, steps 2,3, and 4 are most likely _____ a) slow steps b) fast steps

c) intermediate reaction rate steps 8.

d) steps that require a high degree of orientation

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Increasing the concentration of the N2 in the reaction N2+3H2 2NH3 _____ a) increases the rate of the reaction because more collisions occur per unit of time b) increases the rate because the collisions are more effective c) increases the rate because the collisions are more frequent and more effective d) will not affect the rate of reaction. Increasing the temperature of the reaction between N2+3H2 2NH3 _____ a) increases the rate of the reaction because more collisions occur per unit of time b) increases the rate because the collisions are more effective c) increases the rate because the collisions are more frequent and more effective d) will not affect the rate of reaction. Increasing the surface of the Pt added to the N2+3H2 2NH3 in the first reaction mechanism ___ a) increases the rate of the reaction because more collisions occur per unit of time b) increases the rate because the collisions are more effective c) increases the rate because the collisions are more frequent and more effective d) will not affect the rate of reaction. Why is it unlikely that the N2+3H2 2NH3 does not occur in a single step? ____ a) The is a greater probability of an N2 colliding with one other molecule than two or three molecules at the same time. b) The N2 is not attracted to H2 therefore it needs to react with other substances before colliding together c) The H2 is more likely to collide with the NH3 before the N2 d) The probability of the N2 colliding with 3H2 is about the same as the N2 colliding with the 2NH3 What is the sign of the entropy change of the forward reaction between N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) S = ( + ) because in the forward reaction two different molecules combine to form 1 molecule b) S = ( - ) because in the forward reaction two different molecules combine to form 1 molecule c) S = ( + ) because in the forward reaction four gas molecules combine to form 2 gas molecules d) S = ( - ) because in the forward reaction four gas molecules combine to form 2 gas molecules Since this reaction is reversible the forward reaction should _____ a) release heat and therefore is exothermic creating greater disorder in the surroundings N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + Heat b) release heat and therefore is endothermic creating greater order in the surroundings N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + Heat c) absorb heat and therefore is exothermic creating greater disorder in the surroundings Heat + N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) d) absorb heat and therefore is endothermic creating less disorder in the surroundings Heat + N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

14. Which of the following is true given the following reaction that is in equilibrium? ____ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) I. the concentration of the N2, H2,NH3 are constant II. the concentration of the N2 + H2 equal the concentration of the NH3 III. the rate of formation of NH3 equals the rate of decomposition of NH3 a) I only b) II only c) II and III d) I and III e) I, II, III only

15. Given N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) what is the Keq expression: a) Keq = [ N]2 [ H]2 [NH]3 b) Keq = [ N2] [ H2]3 [NH3]2 c) Keq = d) Keq = [ NH]3 [ N]2 [ H]3 [ NH3]2 [ N2] [ H2]3

16. If the value of Keq is 1.8 x 10-5 for this equilibrium at 101.3 KPa and 273 K then ____ a) the equilibrium consists mostly of reactants b) the equilibrium consists of equal amounts of reactants and products c) the equilibrium consists mostly of products d) the equilibrium consists only of reactants because it is such a small value 17. Based on your answer to questions 12 and 13 which of the following are true if the temperature is increased? 4pts ___ ____ ____ ____ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same 18. Which of the following are true if there is an increase in the concentration of the N2? 4pts__ __ __ __ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same 19. Which of the following are true if there is a decrease in the concentration of the NH3?4pts_ __ __ __ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same

20. Which of the following is true if there is an increase in pressure on the system? 4pts__ __ __ __ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same Given the following potential energy diagram 21. Label the activation energy required for the forward uncatalyzed reaction on the first PE. diagram.-1pt 22. Label the activation energy required for the forward catalyzed reaction on the first PE diagram. 1pt 23. Label the heat of reaction on the first PE diagram. 1pt 24. Indicate whether the forward reaction is exothermic or endothermic on the first PE diagram. 1pt Reaction 1 KJ Reaction 2

reaction progression 25. Compare the total enthalpy change of the 1st PE diagram reaction to the 2nd PE diagram (2pts)____ a) the uncatalyzed reaction from the 1st PE diagram releases more energy than the second reaction b) the catalyzed reaction from the 1st PE diagram releases more energy than the second reaction c) the second reaction releases more energy than both the uncatalyzed or catalyzed second reaction d) they all release the same amount of energy

Kinetics and Equilibrium Review The following reaction sequence can be used to answer questions 1-3 Pt + N2 PtN2 PtN2 N + N + Pt Pt + H2 PtH2 PtH2 H + H + Pt Pt + H2 PtH2 PtH2 H + H + Pt Pt + H2 PtH2 PtH2 H + H + Pt N+H NH

NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 1. What is Pt in the following reaction sequence?___ a) p reactant b) an intermediate c) a catalyst d) a product

2. What is NH in the following reaction sequence?___ a) a reactant b) an intermediate c) a catalyst d) a product

3. What is NH2 in the following reaction sequence?____ a) a reactant b) an intermediate c) a catalyst d) a product

What is the overall reaction: N2 + 3H2 2 NH3

Without the addition of Pt the reaction could follow the following reaction mechanism
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 15) 16) 17) N2 + N2 N + N + N + N H2 + H2 H + H + H + H H2 + H2 H + H + H + H H2 + H2 H + H + H + H N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 N + H NH NH + H NH2 NH2 + H NH3 2N2 + 6 H2 4 NH3

The following kinetics experiment yielded the following results Trials 1 2 3 [N2] .250 .750 .250 [H] .750 .750 .250 [NH3 / s] 1.0x10-3 M/s 9.0x10-3 M/s 1.0x10-3 M/s

4. The order of the reaction with respect to the N2 is ____ a) zero order b)1st order c) 2nd order d) can not be determined from data 5. The order of the reaction with respect to the H2 is ____ a) zero order b)1st order c) 2nd order d) can not be determined from data 6. From the data, which step from the reaction mechanism is most likely the rate determining step? ___ a) Step 1 b) Step 2,3,4 c) Steps 5,8,11,15 d) Steps 6,9,12,16 e) Steps 7,10,13,17 7. From the data, steps 2,3, and 4 are most likely _____ a) slow steps b) fast steps c) intermediate reaction rate steps d) steps that require a high degree of orientation 8. Increasing the concentration of the N2 in the reaction N2+3H2 2NH3 _____

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

a) increases the rate of the reaction because more collisions occur per unit of time b) increases the rate because the collisions are more effective c) increases the rate because the collisions are more frequent and more effective d) will not affect the rate of reaction. Increasing the temperature of the reaction between N2+3H2 2NH3 _____ a) increases the rate of the reaction because more collisions occur per unit of time b) increases the rate because the collisions are more effective c) increases the rate because the collisions are more frequent and more effective d) will not affect the rate of reaction. Increasing the surface of the Pt added to the N2+3H2 2NH3 in the first reaction mechanism ___ a) increases the rate of the reaction because more collisions occur per unit of time b) increases the rate because the collisions are more effective c) increases the rate because the collisions are more frequent and more effective d) will not affect the rate of reaction. Why is it unlikely that the N2+3H2 2NH3 does not occur in a single step? ____ a) The is a greater probability of an N2 colliding with one other molecule than two or three molecules at the same time. Bimolecular collisions are far more probable than any other set of collisions. b) The N2 is not attracted to H2 therefore it needs to react with other substances before colliding together c) The H2 is more likely to collide with the NH3 before the N2 d) The probability of the N2 colliding with 3H2 is about the same as the N2 colliding with the 2NH3 What is the sign of the entropy change of the forward reaction between N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) S = ( + ) because in the forward reaction two different molecules combine to form 1 molecule b) S = ( - ) because in the forward reaction two different molecules combine to form 1 molecule c) S = ( + ) because in the forward reaction four gas molecules combine to form 2 gas molecules d) S = ( - ) because in the forward reaction four gas molecules combine to form 2 gas molecules Since this reaction is reversible the forward reaction should _____ a) release heat and therefore is exothermic creating greater disorder in the surroundings N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + Heat b) release heat and therefore is endothermic creating greater order in the surroundings N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + Heat c) absorb heat and therefore is exothermic creating greater disorder in the surroundings Heat + N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) d) absorb heat and therefore is endothermic creating less disorder in the surroundings Heat + N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

14. Which of the following is true given the following reaction that is in equilibrium? ____ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) I. the concentration of the N2, H2,NH3 are constant II. the concentration of the N2 + H2 equal the concentration of the NH3 III. the rate of formation of NH3 equals the rate of decomposition of NH3 a) I only b) II only c) II and III d) I and III e) I, II, III only 15. Given N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) what is the Keq expression: a) Keq = [ N]2 [ H]2 [NH]3 c) Keq = [ NH]3 [ N]2 [ H]3

b) Keq = [ N2] [ H2]3 d) Keq = [ NH3]2 2 [NH3] [ N2] [ H2]3 16. If the value of Keq is 1.8 x 10-5 for this equilibrium at 101.3 KPa and 273 K then ____ a) the equilibrium consists mostly of reactants b) the equilibrium consists of equal amounts of reactants and products c) the equilibrium consists mostly of products d) the equilibrium consists only of reactants because it is such a small value 17. Based on your answer to questions 12 and 13 which of the following are true if the temperature is increased? 4pts ___ ____ ____ ____ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + heat a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same 18. Which of the following are true if there is an increase in the concentration of the N2? 4pts__ __ __ __ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same 19. Which of the following are true if there is a decrease in the concentration of the NH3?4pts_ __ __ __ N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same Only changes in temperature or potentially pressure change Keq values

20. Which of the following is true if there is an increase in pressure on the system? 4pts__ __ __ __ 4 N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) to 2 An increase in pressure of a system containing gas molecules favors the production of fewer gas molecules a) shifts to the right b) shifts to the left c) the concentration of the H2 increases d) the concentration of the H2 decreases e) the concentration of the NH3 increases f) the concentration of the NH3 decreases g) the value of Keq will increase h) the value of Keq will decrease i) Keq will remain the same Given the following potential energy diagram 21. Label the activation energy required for the forward uncatalyzed reaction on the first PE. diagram.-1pt 22. Label the activation energy required for the forward catalyzed reaction on the first PE diagram. 1pt 23. Label the heat of reaction on the first PE diagram. 1pt 24. Indicate whether the forward reaction is exothermic or endothermic on the first PE diagram. 1pt Reaction 1 KJ 21 22 Reaction 2

23 H= neg exo,

reaction progression 25. Compare the total enthalpy change of the 1st PE diagram reaction to the 2nd PE diagram (2pts)____ a) the uncatalyzed reaction from the 1st PE diagram releases more energy than the second reaction b) the catalyzed reaction from the 1st PE diagram releases more energy than the second reaction c) the second reaction releases more energy than both the uncatalyzed or catalyzed second reaction d) they all release the same amount of energy