Naval Counter Piracy: An Update

NATO Shipping Centre Lieutenant-Commander Donna Barnett

Outline

Piracy Update Activities of naval forces Support to commercial shipping Self protection - BMP3

Piracy in the Horn of Africa

Somali Piracy Update - Sept 2010

Roots of the Piracy Problem

Pirates take advantage of Somalia Instability No effective central government No effective rule of law Civil War since 1991 Ruled by War Lords and Elders Al Shabaab AQ-inspired Insurgency Clan vice State loyalties Poverty / Famine Pirates operate in space between anarchy and established rule of law

Daarood

Garacad

Hawiye
Hobyo Harardheere

Galmudug Coast

GoA Backdrop: Fishing & Local Commerce

Legitimate Fishing Activity

Human Migrant Ferry

Human Migrants & Smuggling

Migrant Smuggling Yemeni-type skiff

Twin outboards one in use

Fishing Activity from Yemeni skiff

Flag markers for fishing net

Flag markers for fishing net

Twin outboards one in use

Fishing Activity
OSCAR AUSTIN July 2010 Southern Red Sea

Florescent Lighting PARRAMATA July 2010 Southern Red Sea

Generator

How They Target: Pirate Attack Skiffs

(Puntland, Darod)
Fibre-glass Length 6-8 m
Somali-type Boarding ladder Yemeni-type

Yemeni-type length 12-14 m Wooden construction Sleek with pointed bow

Who They Target

High Risk Vessel
Max speed less than 15 knots Freeboard lower than 6 meters Day time transit Complacent & Compliant crew No Defensive Measures taken

Low Risk Vessel Max Speed greater than 15 knots Freeboard higher than 6 meters Night time transit Vigilant crew Defensive Measures taken

Rules are Different in Somali Basin & where CP Forces are Thin

Pirate Tactics: Darood Clan

Operate mostly in Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea & Northern Basin 3-4 day ops unless using pirated dhow, then 3-4 weeks possible Typically 1-2 Skiffs leave north Puntland coast with 5-9 armed pirates Drift & wait for targets of opportunity initially in IRTC, may continue north towards Yemen Pirates take advantage of vessels not following best management practice If successful, take vessel to east coast anchorage (Garacad) Darood clan pirates also take dhows IVO Kismayo Some use of Whalers for range extension reported

Pirate Tactics: Hawiye Clan

Operate in larger area for longer periods (3-4 weeks) Travel out 900+ NM Now rely on large open Mother-Skiffs (whalers) rather than mother-ships as floating logistics base; tow 2 x Attack Skiffs in trail to conduct attack Can maintain attacks for hours Ops launched primarily from central coast bases but also out of Mogadishu & possibly further south to Kismayo Primary bases Hobyo & Harardheere Reduced coalition presence allows for longer attacks Pirated ships taken to central east coast Anchorages

Hobyo Harardheere

Anchorage areas

Mogadishu

Recent Attacks/Pirating

Somalia - Shore Based Activity

Camp Cadur

Hobyo Skiff Staging Area

Camp Great Pumpkin

Vehicles (4) Supply Depots (6) Whalers (12) Upturned skiffs (23)

Camp Hobyo South

12x barrels 8-9x fuel cans 14x barrels 2-3x fuel cans

20+ barrels 1-2x ladders

3x w/ OBM

Truck towing whaler to shore line in morning

1x OBM 16+ barrels 2x w/ OBM

14x barrels 4x barrels

Increase of 1x Whaler & 1x Skiff

47x Total skiffs (including upside down and buried)

4x barrels

4-5x barrels 2-3x POB 1x barrel

5x barrels

1x small structure and 1x vehicle just off primary

Piracy Incidents Horn of Africa Somali Basin

Feb 2008 - July 2010
50E 65E

Areas of Expansion in Somali Pirate Activity: Somali Basin, Arabian Sea & Indian Ocean
(Late-09Jul 10)

05N

05S

Legend Pirated Attacked

JPN P3C IRTC

EUNAVFOR CMF

NATO NATIONAL

Other Nations in The GoA

FFG SABHA IRAN BANDAR ABBAS AORLH SOUTH KOREA DAE JO YOUNG DDG INDONESIA KRI DIPONEGORO FF

DDG TAKANAMI

JAPAN TAKANAMI DDG

CHINA QIANDAO HU AOR

IRAN SABALAN FFG KHARG AOR

DDG HAMAGIRI

JAPAN HARASAME DDG AMAGIRI DDG

INDIA TRISHUL FFG

SAUDI ARABIA YUNBOU AORH

BAHRAIN SABHA FFG SAUDI ARABIA HOFOUF FFG

JAPAN HAMAGIRI DDG

CHINA XUZHOU FFGH

KNOWN NON NATO GT: CHN TG 529 WEST 021100Z AT 11-12 KTS EAST 050300Z AT 11-12 KTS WEST 071400Z AT 11-12 KTS WEST 060400Z 081100Z NOV 09

DAE JO YOUNG

Mercury

GOA & IRTC Piracy Incidents Aug 2010

Pirated Attack Approach Maritime crime Suspicious Disruption

45 E

50 E
ESSN 28AUG MV SYRIA STAR 05 Aug MV HANOVER EXPRESS 22 Aug

53 E

AS
USS KAUFMAN 09 Aug

15 N

USS KAUFMAN 29 AUG MV MA CHO 19 Aug

FS DGRS 18 Aug MV SUEZ 02 Aug

MV ANANGEL INNOVATION 16 Aug CARIBBEAN CARRIER 28 AUG

FS DGRS 19 Aug

MV BOW SAGA 03 Aug SPS VICTORIA 03 Aug FS DGRS 17 Aug HOEGH OSLO 28 AUG

IRTC
MV SUEZ 01 Aug MV BELUGA FAMILY 22 Aug USS PRINCETON 22Aug MV SE VIRIDIAN 18 Aug DE ZEVEN PROVINCIEN 16Aug

GOA

DUPLEIX 17 AUG MV ICE EXPLORER 09 Aug CALUULA BUUR GABAAN

SB

10 N

PAG Disruption 01 - 30 Apr 2010

40 E 45 E SHAPASHNIKOV 06 APR ASHLAND 13 APR COLE 13 APR 50 E 55 E 60 E 65 E

GELIBOLU 03 APR

MCFAUL 06 APR LANCASTER 10 APR

15 N

TROMP 05 APR

CHATAM 10 APR
LANCASTER 21 APR 10 N VICTORIA 27 APR FARRAGUT 02 APR

VICTORIA 15 APR J. DE WITT 22 APR HOBYO

HARARDHEERE LANCASTE R 19 APR

J. DE WITT
24 APR G. LEYGUES 24 APR COLE 25 APR TROMP 02 APR

LIMNOS 07 APR

5N

MOGADISHU
MERKA VICTORIA 25 APR NIVOSE 04 APR SOMME 19 APR

LIMNOS 08 APR TONNERRE 24 APR GELIBOLU 18 APR LIMNOS 09 APR

GELIBOLU 21 APR

NIVOSE 29 APR

5S LIMNOS 01 APR

CHATHAM 23 APR

VENCENDORA 08 APR 10 S

E008

Somali Piracy Activity

GoA/IRTC/BAM/SRS
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
PIRATED ATTACKS DISRUPTION

2008
7 1 1 1 FEB 4 1 APR 3 2 MAY 7 1 1 JUN 1 1 JUL AUG 6 SEP 5 4 OCT 7 2 NOV DEC 7 11

1 JAN

1 MAR

2009
11 16
7 3 13 7

4 1 1

8
3 3

2 MAY

2 2 3

5 6 AUG

4 4 SEP

2 1 OCT

1 4 1

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

JUN

JUL

NOV

DEC

2010

4 6 1
JAN

3 6 1
FEB

3 2 3 MAR

4 5 6
APR

10 1 0 JUL

3 5 1
MAY

2 2
JUN

2 2
AUG

0 SEP

0 OCT

0 NOV

0 DEC

01 Sep 2010

Somali Piracy Activity

Somali Basin
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
PIRATED ATTACKS DISRUPTION

2008 2008
1 1 1 MAY JUN JUL AUG 2 3 SEP 5 2 1 OCT 2 NOV 1 DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

2009
10 12 6 5

14

1
JAN

0
APR

0
JUN

0
JUL

1 1 0
SEP

6 5 OCT

5 6
NOV

3 3
DEC

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

FEB

MAR

MAY

AUG

2010
13 24
8

25

11

1 0 JAN

1 FEB

4
MAR

5
APR

6 9
1 MAY 1 JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV

11 Aug 2010

DEC

Support to Commercial Shipping

NSC

NATOs primary point of contact with the MC Coordination with other military actors on initiatives and actions in relation with the MC Guidance and advice to the MC Manages the group transit system All ship owners and operators requested to register ships going through the Gulf of Aden (IRTC) on the MSCHOA website (or by e-mail) to MSCHOA Includes ships that would, or may, not make use of the group transits Provide guidance and advice to the MC

MSCHOA

UKMTO Dubai:

Manages the merchant shipping picture in the region based on voluntary reporting scheme First point of contact for imminent piracy attacks Guidance and advice to the MC
Exchange of information between MC and CMF within the region Guidance and advice to the MC

MARLO

NATO Shipping Centre

Positional information

Format Alfa Workshops Personal contact Monthly newsletter Web site

Inform commercial shipping community on BMP3

Provide current information on piracy situation

Advise NATO on commercial shipping issues

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Self Protection

27

Industry Best Management Practices

Purpose to assist ships to avoid, deter or delay piracy attacks off coast of Somalia, including the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea area BMP recommendations will make significant difference in preventing a ship becoming a victim of piracy BMP3 is 3rd version, signed and endorsed by main shipping organisations

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Safe Muster Point

Definition: A Safe Muster Point is a designated area sufficiently inboard within the superstructure (preferably double bulkhead protection) able to withstand small arms and RPG fire where; a/ in the event of an attack, non essential crew or passengers may safely muster, or b/ in the event of imminent boarding by pirates, all remaining crew can also muster, preferably seated with their hands in clear view.

(BMP3, page 33)

CITADEL
Definition:
A Citadel is a designated pre-planned area purpose built into the ship where, in the event of imminent boarding by pirates, all crew will seek protection. A Citadel is designed and constructed to resist a determined pirate trying to gain entry. Such a space would probably have, but not be limited to, its own selfcontained air-conditioning, emergency rations, water supply, good external communications, emergency shut down capability for the main and auxiliary engines, and remotely operated CCTV cameras.
(BMP3, page 33)