JDBC Basics Notes

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ID8C 8as|cs Iava Database Connect|v|ty Steps
flrsL lmporL Lhe [avasql package
lmporL [avasql*
1he sLar ( * ) lndlcaLes LhaL all of Lhe classes ln Lhe package [avasql are Lo be lmporLed
1 Load|ng a database dr|ver
Lry
Classforname("sun[dbcodbc!dbcCdbcurlver") //Cr any oLher drlver

caLch(LxcepLlon x)
SysLemouLprlnLln( unable Lo load Lhe drlver class!" )

we load Lhe drlver class by calllng Classforname() wlLh Lhe urlver class name as an argumenL
1he reLurn Lype of Lhe Classforname (SLrlng Classname) meLhod ls Class" Class ls a class ln
[avalang package
2 Creat|ng a [dbc Connect|on
1he !u8C urlverManager class deflnes ob[ecLs whlch can connecL !ava appllcaLlons Lo a !u8C drlver
urlverManager ls consldered Lhe backbone of !u8C archlLecLure
urlverManager class manages Lhe !u8C drlvers LhaL are lnsLalled on Lhe sysLem
lLs geLConnecLlon() meLhod ls used Lo esLabllsh a connecLlon Lo a daLabase
lL uses a username password and a [dbc url Lo esLabllsh a connecLlon Lo Lhe daLabase and reLurns a
connecLlon ob[ecL
A [dbc ConnecLlon represenLs a sesslon/connecLlon wlLh a speclflc daLabase
WlLhln Lhe conLexL of a ConnecLlon SCL L/SCL sLaLemenLs are execuLed and resulLs are reLurned
A ConnecLlon ob[ecL provldes meLadaLa le lnformaLlon abouL Lhe daLabase Lables and flelds
lL also conLalns meLhods Lo deal wlLh LransacLlons
!u8C u8L SynLax [dbc subproLocol subname
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We're uslng Lhe [dbc odbc subproLocol
so Lhe urlverManager knows Lo use Lhe sun[dbcodbc!dbcCdbcurlver

3 Creat|ng a [dbc Statement ob[ect
Cnce a connecLlon ls obLalned we can lnLeracL wlLh Lhe daLabase ConnecLlon lnLerface deflnes meLhods
for lnLeracLlng wlLh Lhe daLabase vla Lhe esLabllshed connecLlon 1o execuLe SCL sLaLemenLs you need
Lo lnsLanLlaLe a SLaLemenL ob[ecL from your connecLlon ob[ecL by uslng Lhe creaLeSLaLemenL() meLhod
SLaLemenL sLaLemenL dbConnecLloncreaLeSLaLemenL()
A sLaLemenL ob[ecL ls used Lo send and execuLe SCL sLaLemenLs Lo a daLabase
1hree klnds of SLaLemenLs
Statement LxecuLe slmple sql querles wlLhouL parameLers
SLaLemenL creaLeSLaLemenL()
CreaLes an SCL SLaLemenL ob[ecL
repared Statement LxecuLe precomplled sql querles wlLh or wlLhouL parameLers
reparedSLaLemenL prepareSLaLemenL(SLrlng sql)
reLurns a new reparedSLaLemenL ob[ecL reparedSLaLemenL ob[ecLs are precomplled SCL sLaLemenLs
Ca||ab|e Statement LxecuLe a call Lo a daLabase sLored procedure
CallableSLaLemenL prepareCall(SLrlng sql)
reLurns a new CallableSLaLemenL ob[ecL CallableSLaLemenL ob[ecLs are SCL sLored procedure call
sLaLemenLs
4 Lxecut|ng a SL statement w|th the Statement ob[ect and return|ng a [dbc resu|tSet
SLaLemenL lnLerface deflnes meLhods LhaL are used Lo lnLeracL wlLh daLabase vla Lhe execuLlon of SCL
sLaLemenLs 1he SLaLemenL class has Lhree meLhods for execuLlng sLaLemenLs
execuLeCuery() execuLeupdaLe() and execuLe()
lor a SLLLC1 sLaLemenL Lhe meLhod Lo use ls execuLeCuery
lor sLaLemenLs LhaL creaLe or modlfy Lables Lhe meLhod Lo use ls execuLeupdaLe noLe SLaLemenLs
LhaL creaLe a Lable alLer a Lable or drop a Lable are all examples of uuL
sLaLemenLs and are execuLed wlLh Lhe meLhod execuLeupdaLe
execuLe() execuLes an SCL sLaLemenL LhaL ls wrlLLen as SLrlng ob[ecL
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kesu|tSet provldes access Lo a Lable of daLa generaLed by execuLlng a SLaLemenL 1he Lable rows are
reLrleved ln sequence A 8esulLSeL malnLalns a cursor polnLlng Lo lLs currenL row of daLa 1he nexL()
meLhod ls used Lo successlvely sLep Lhrough Lhe rows of Lhe Labular resulLs
kesu|tSetMetaData lnLerface holds lnformaLlon on Lhe Lypes and properLles of Lhe columns ln a
8esulLSeL lL ls consLrucLed from Lhe ConnecLlon ob[ecL
ketr|ev|ng Data us|ng ID8C Se|ect uery
We can use Iava ID8C Se|ect statement ln a [ava program Lo reLrleve Lhe daLa and dlsplay lL for Lhe
respecLlve 1ables
!u8C reLurns resulLs ln a 8esulLSeL ob[ecL so we need Lo declare an lnsLance of Lhe class 8esulLSeL Lo
hold our resulLs
SelecL ls Lhe SCL keyword LhaL performs a query
We lnvoke Lhe [dbc selecL query (execuLequery) meLhod uslng Lhe [dbc selecL daLa sLaLemenL as Lhe
parameLer
1he Labular resulLs of Lhe query are capLured ln Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL resulLs noLe LhaL execuLeCuery()
always reLurns a 8esulLSeL alLhough lL need noL have any rows ln lL
1he reLurn value for an execuLeCuery ls a 8esulLSeL ob[ecL conLalnlng Lhe resulLs of Lhe query senL Lo
Lhe u8MS
1o process each row ln Lhe 8esulLSeL we use Lhe nexL() meLhod 1hls meLhod moves Lhe polnLer
Lhrough Lhe rows of daLa
1he 8esulLSeL malnLalns a cursor polnLlng Lo Lhe currenL row 8ecause Lhls cursor ls lnlLlally poslLloned
before Lhe flrsL row we musL call nexL() before we can see any rows aL all 8elow ls a !u8C rogram
showlng Lhe use of execuLeCuery() Lo reLrleve values from 8esulLSeLs uslng [dbc programmlng
ID8C SL Se|ect and Update Lxamp|e
lmporL [avaxswlng!CpLlonane
lmporL [avasql*
publlc class !u8Crogram

sLaLlc SLrlng url [dbcodbcbob"
sLaLlc SLaLemenL sLmL
sLaLlc ConnecLlon con
publlc sLaLlc vold maln(SLrlng args)

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"!u8C rogrammlng showl
ng 8eLrleval of 1able uaLa")
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lnL cholce 1
do

cholce geLCholce()
lf (cholce ! 0)
geLSelecLed(cholce)

whlle ( cholce ! 0)
SysLemexlL(0)

publlc sLaLlc lnL geLCholce()

SLrlng cholce
lnL ch
cholce !CpLlonaneshowlnpuLulalog(null
1 CreaLe Lmployees 1ablen"+
2 CreaLe roducLs 1ablen"+
3 lnserL daLa lnLo Lmployees 1ablen"+
4 lnserL daLa lnLo Crders 1ablen"+
3 8eLrleve daLa for Lmployees 1ablen"+
6 8eLrleve daLa for Crders 1ablen"+
7 updaLe Lmployees 1ablen"+
0 LxlLnn"+
LnLer your cholce")
ch lnLegerparselnL(cholce)
reLurn ch

publlc sLaLlc vold geLSelecLed(lnL cholce)
lf(cholce1)
creaLeLmployees()

lf(cholce2)
creaLeCrders()

lf(cholce3)
lnserLLmployees()

lf(cholce4)
lnserLCrders()

lf(cholce3)
reLrleveLmployees()

lf(cholce6)
reLrleveCrders()
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lf(cholce7)
updaLeLmployees()

publlc sLaLlc ConnecLlon geLConnecLlon()

Lry
Classforname("sun[dbcodbc!dbcCdbcurlver")

caLch([avalangClassnoLloundLxcepLlon e)
SysLemerrprlnL("ClassnoLloundLxcepLlon )
SysLemerrprlnLln(egeLMessage())

Lry
con urlverManagergeLConnecLlon(url"""")

caLch(SCLLxcepLlon ex)
SysLemerrprlnLln("SCLLxcepLlon " + exgeLMessage())

reLurn con

/*C8LA1L 1A8LL Lmployees (
Lmployee_lu ln1LCL8
name vA8CPA8(30)
)*/
publlc sLaLlc vold creaLeLmployees()

ConnecLlon con geLConnecLlon()
SLrlng creaLeSLrlng
creaLeSLrlng creaLe Lable Lmployees (" +
Lmployee_lu nuM8L8 " +
name 1Lx1)"
Lry
sLmL concreaLeSLaLemenL()
sLmLexecuLeupdaLe(creaLeSLrlng)
sLmLclose()
conclose()

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"Lmployees 1able CreaLed")

/*C8LA1L 1A8LL Crders (
rod_lu ln1LCL8
roducLname vA8CPA8(20)
Lmployee_lu ln1LCL8
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)*/
publlc sLaLlc vold creaLeCrders()

SLrlng creaLeSLrlng
creaLeSLrlng creaLe Lable Crders (" +
rod_lu nuM8L8 " +
roducLname 1Lx1 +
Lmployee_lu nuM8L8)"
Lry
sLmLexecuLeupdaLe(creaLeSLrlng)
sLmLclose()
conclose()

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"Crders 1able CreaLed")

/*Lmployee_lu name
6323 PemanLh
3768 8ob
1234 Shawn
3678 Mlchaels */
publlc sLaLlc vold lnserLLmployees()

SLrlng lnserLSLrlng1lnserLSLrlng2lnserLSLrlng3 lnserLSLrlng4
lnserLSLrlng1 lnserL lnLo Lmployees values(6323 'PemanLh')"
lnserLSLrlng2 lnserL lnLo Lmployees values(3768 '8ob')"
lnserLSLrlng3 lnserL lnLo Lmployees values(1234 'Shawn')"
lnserLSLrlng4 lnserL lnLo Lmployees values(3678 'Mlchaels')"
Lry
sLmLexecuLeupdaLe(lnserLSLrlng1)
sLmLclose()
conclose()

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"uaLa lnserLed lnLo Lmployees 1able")

/* rod_lu roducLname Lmployee_lu
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343 8elL 6323
432 8oLLle 1234
876 8lng 3678
*/
publlc sLaLlc vold lnserLCrders()

SLrlng lnserLSLrlng1lnserLSLrlng2lnserLSLrlng3 lnserLSLrlng4
lnserLSLrlng1 lnserL lnLo Crders values(343 '8elL' 6323)"
lnserLSLrlng2 lnserL lnLo Crders values(432 '8oLLle' 1234)"
lnserLSLrlng3 lnserL lnLo Crders values(876 '8lng' 3678)"
Lry
sLmLclose()
conclose()

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"uaLa lnserLed lnLo Crders 1able")

publlc sLaLlc vold reLrleveLmployees()
SLrlng resulL null
SLrlng selecLSLrlng
selecLSLrlng selecL * from Lmployees"
resulL "Lmployee_luLLnamen"
Lry
8esulLSeL rs sLmLexecuLeCuery(selecLSLrlng)
whlle (rsnexL())
lnL ld rsgeLlnL("Lmployee_lu")
SLrlng name rsgeLSLrlng("name")
resulL+ld+"LL"+ name+"n"

sLmLclose()
conclose()

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null resulL)

publlc sLaLlc vold reLrleveCrders()
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SLrlng resulL null
SLrlng selecLSLrlng
selecLSLrlng selecL * from Crders"
resulL "rod_luLLroducLnameLLLmployee_lun"
Lry
whlle (rsnexL())
lnL pr_ld rsgeLlnL("rod_lu")
SLrlng prodname rsgeLSLrlng("roducLname")
lnL ld rsgeLlnL("Lmployee_lu")
resulL +pr_ld+"LL"+ prodname+"LL"+ld+"n"

sLmLclose()
conclose()


publlc sLaLlc vold updaLeLmployees()
SLrlng updaLeSLrlng1
updaLeSLrlng1 updaLe Lmployees seL name
'hemanLhbala[l'
where Lmployee_ld 6323"
Lry
sLmLexecuLeupdaLe(updaLeSLrlng1)
sLmLclose()
conclose()
SysLemerrprlnLln("SCLLxcepLlon "+ exgeLMessage())

!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"uaLa updaLed
lnLo Lmployees 1able")

//Lnd of class

ID8C Update 1ab|e
We can use [ava [dbc update statements ln a [ava program Lo updaLe Lhe daLa for a
1able
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1he reLurn value for a [dbc sql updaLe ls an lnL LhaL lndlcaLes how many rows of a Lable
were updaLed
lor lnsLance ln a sLaLemenL llke
lnL n sLmLexecuLeupdaLe()

Iava ID8C repared statements
are precomplled SCL sLaLemenLs recomplled SCL ls useful lf Lhe same SCL ls Lo be execuLed
repeaLedly for example ln a loop
Lvery [ava sql prepared sLaLemenL ls complled aL some polnL
1o use a [ava preparedsLaLemenLs you musL flrsL creaLe a ob[ecL by calllng Lhe
ConnecLlonprepareSLaLemenL() meLhod
lf you wanL Lo execuLe a SLaLemenL ob[ecL many Llmes lL normally reduces execuLlon Llme Lo use
a reparedSLaLemenL ob[ecL lnsLead

1he synLax ls sLralghLforward [usL lnserL quesLlon marks for any parameLers LhaL you'll be
subsLlLuLlng before you send Lhe SCL Lo Lhe daLabase
As wlLh CallableSLaLemenLs you need Lo call close() Lo make sure daLabase resources are
freed as soon as posslble
8elow ls a !u8C rogram showlng Lhe use of [dbc prepared sLaLemenLs Lo lnserL daLa lnLo Lables
uslng [dbc programmlng
?ou need Lo supply values Lo be used ln place of Lhe quesLlon mark placeholders (lf Lhere are any)
before you can execuLe a reparedSLaLemenL ob[ecL ?ou do Lhls by calllng one of Lhe seLxxx
meLhods deflned ln Lhe reparedSLaLemenL class
1here ls a seLxxx meLhod for each prlmlLlve Lype declared ln Lhe !ava programmlng language
An example of a reparedSLaLemenL ob[ecL ls
reparedSLaLemenL psLmL conprepareSLaLemenL("updaLe Crders seL pname ?
where rod_ld ?")
psLmLseLlnL(2 100)
psLmLseLSLrlng(1 8ob")
psLmLexecuLeupdaLe()

example
publlc sLaLlc vold updaLeLmployeesrepared()
// creaLe prepared sLaLemenL
Lry
psLmL conprepareSLaLemenL
("updaLe Lmployees seL name ? where Lmployee_ld ?")
psLmLseLSLrlng(1 hemanLhbob")// lndex sLarLs wlLh 1
psLmLseLlnL(2 6323)
psLmLexecuLeupdaLe()
psLmLclose()
conclose()

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!CpLlonaneshowMessageulalog(null"uaLa updaLed lnLo
Lmployees 1able")

Lxample
publlc sLaLlc vold dynamlcCuery()
SLrlng resulL null
SLrlng selecLSLrlng
selecLSLrlng selecL Lmployeesname from Lmployees
Crders where producLname 'cds' " +
and Lmployeesemployee_ld Crdersemployee_ld
resulL "namen"
Lry
whlle (rsnexL())
SLrlng name rsgeLSLrlng("name")
resulL+name+"n"

sLmLclose()
conclose()


1ypes of kesu|t Sets
1he 8esulLSeL lnLerface provldes meLhods for reLrlevlng and manlpulaLlng Lhe resulLs of execuLed
querles and 8esulLSeL ob[ecLs can have dlfferenL funcLlonallLy and characLerlsLlcs 1hese characLerlsLlcs
are resulL seL Lype resulL seL concurrency and cursor holdablllLy1he Lype of a 8esulLSeL ob[ecL
deLermlnes Lhe level of lLs funcLlonallLy ln Lwo areas Lhe ways ln whlch Lhe cursor can be manlpulaLed
and how concurrenL changes made Lo Lhe underlylng daLa source are reflecLed by Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL
1he senslLlvlLy of Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL ls deLermlned by one of Lhree dlfferenL 8esulLSeL Lypes
8esulLseL conLalns resulLs of Lhe SCL query 1here are 3 baslc Lypes of resulLseL
1L_ICkWAkD_CNL
As name suggesL Lhls Lype can only move forward and are nonscrollable
1L_SCkCLL_INSLNSI1IVL
1hls Lype ls scrollable whlch means Lhe cursor can move ln any dlrecLlon lL ls lnsenslLlve whlch means
any change Lo Lhe daLabase wlll noL show change ln Lhe resulLseL whlle lL open
1L_SCkCLL_SLNSI1IVL
1hls Lype allows cursor Lo move ln any dlrecLlon and also propagaLes Lhe changes done Lo Lhe daLabase

1he followlng llne of code lllusLraLes one way Lo creaLe a scrollable 8esulLSeL ob[ecL
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SLaLemenL sLmL concreaLeSLaLemenL(8esulLSeL1?L_SC8CLL_SLnSl1lvL
8esulLSeLCCnCu8_8LAu_CnL?)
8esulLSeL srs sLmLexecuLeCuery("")
1he flrsL argumenL ls one of Lhree consLanLs added Lo Lhe 8esulLSeL Al Lo lndlcaLe Lhe Lype of a
8esulLSeL ob[ecL
1?L_lC8WA8u_CnL? 1?L_SC8CLL_lnSLnSl1lvL and 1?L_SC8CLL_SLnSl1lvL
1he second argumenL ls one of Lwo 8esulLSeL consLanLs for speclfylng wheLher a resulL seL ls readonly
or updaLable CCnCu8_8LAu_CnL? and CCnCu8_uuA1A8LL
lf you do noL speclfy any consLanLs for Lhe Lype and updaLablllLy of a 8esulLSeL ob[ecL you wlll
auLomaLlcally geL one LhaL ls 1?L_lC8WA8u_CnL? and CCnCu8_8LAu_CnL?

kesu|t Set Methods
nexL() moves Lhe cursor forward one row 8eLurns Lrue lf Lhe cursor ls now poslLloned on a row and
false lf Lhe cursor ls poslLloned afLer Lhe lasL row
prevlous() moves Lhe cursor backwards one row 8eLurns Lrue lf Lhe cursor ls now poslLloned on a
row and false lf Lhe cursor ls poslLloned before Lhe flrsL row
flrsL() moves Lhe cursor Lo Lhe flrsL row ln Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL 8eLurns Lrue lf Lhe cursor ls now
poslLloned on Lhe flrsL row and false lf Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL
does noL conLaln any rows
lasL() moves Lhe cursor Lo Lhe lasL row ln Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL 8eLurns Lrue lf Lhe cursor ls now
poslLloned on Lhe lasL row and false lf Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL
does noL conLaln any rows
beforellrsL() poslLlons Lhe cursor aL Lhe sLarL of Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL before Lhe flrsL row lf Lhe
8esulLSeL ob[ecL does noL conLaln any rows Lhls meLhod has
no effecL
afLerLasL() poslLlons Lhe cursor aL Lhe end of Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL afLer Lhe lasL row lf Lhe 8esulLSeL
ob[ecL does noL conLaln any rows Lhls meLhod has no effecL
relaLlve(lnL rows) moves Lhe cursor relaLlve Lo lLs currenL poslLlon
absoluLe(lnL n) poslLlons Lhe cursor on Lhe nLh row of Lhe 8esulLSeL ob[ecL

ID8C Dr|ver 1ypes
ID8C dr|vers are dlvlded lnLo four Lypes or levels 1he d|fferent types of [dbc dr|vers are
1ype 1 !u8CCu8C 8rldge drlver (8rldge)
1ype 2 naLlveAl/parLly !ava drlver (naLlve)
1ype 3 All!ava/neLproLocol drlver (Mlddleware)
1ype 4 All !ava/naLlveproLocol drlver (ure)

1ype 1 ID8CCD8C 8r|dge dr|ver
1he 1ype 1 drlver LranslaLes all !u8C calls lnLo Cu8C calls and sends Lhem Lo Lhe Cu8C drlver
Cu8C ls a generlc Al
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AdvanLage 1he !u8CCu8C 8rldge allows access Lo almosL any daLabase slnce Lhe
daLabase's Cu8C drlvers are already avallable
ulsadvanLages
1 Slnce Lhe 8rldge drlver ls noL wrlLLen fully ln !ava 1ype 1 drlvers are noL porLable
2 A performance lssue ls seen as a !u8C call goes Lhrough Lhe brldge Lo Lhe Cu8C drlver
2 Lhen Lo Lhe daLabase and Lhls applles even ln Lhe reverse process 1hey are Lhe slowesL of
all drlver Lypes 1he cllenL sysLem requlres Lhe Cu8C lnsLallaLlon Lo use Lhe drlver
3 noL good for Lhe Web

1ype 2 Nat|veAI]part|y Iava dr|ver
1he dlsLlncLlve characLerlsLlc of Lype 2 [dbc drlvers are LhaL 1ype 2 drlvers converL !u8C calls lnLo
daLabasespeclflc calls le Lhls drlver ls speclflc Lo a parLlcular daLabase Some dlsLlncLlve characLerlsLlc
of Lype 2 [dbc drlvers are shown belowLxample Cracle wlll have oracle naLlve apl

AdvanLage 1he dlsLlncLlve characLerlsLlc of Lype 2 [dbc drlvers are LhaL Lhey are Lyplcally offer
8eLLer performance Lhan Lhe !u8CCu8C 8rldge as Lhe layers of communlcaLlon (Llers) are less
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Lhan LhaL of 1ype 1 and also lL uses naLlve apl whlch ls uaLabase speclflc
ulsadvanLage
1 naLlve Al musL be lnsLalled ln Lhe CllenL SysLem and hence Lype 2 drlvers cannoL be used for
Lhe lnLerneL
2 Llke 1ype 1 drlvers lL's noL wrlLLen ln !ava Language whlch forms a porLablllLy lssue
3 lf we change Lhe uaLabase we have Lo change Lhe naLlve apl as lL ls speclflc Lo a daLabase
4 usually noL Lhread safe

1ype 3 A|| Iava]Netprotoco| dr|ver
1ype 3 daLabase requesLs are passed Lhrough Lhe neLwork Lo Lhe mlddleLler server
1he mlddleLler Lhen LranslaLes Lhe requesL Lo Lhe daLabase lf Lhe mlddleLler server can ln Lurn
use 1ype1 1ype 2 or 1ype 4 drlvers

AdvanLage
1 1hls drlver ls serverbased so Lhere ls no need for any vendor daLabase llbrary Lo be presenL
on cllenL machlnes
2 1hls drlver ls fully wrlLLen ln !ava and hence orLable lL ls sulLable for Lhe web
3 1here are many opporLunlLles Lo opLlmlze porLablllLy performance and scalablllLy
4 1he neL proLocol can be deslgned Lo make Lhe cllenL !u8C drlver very small and fasL Lo load
3 1he Lype 3 drlver Lyplcally provldes supporL for feaLures such as cachlng (connecLlonsquery resulLs
and so on) load balanclng and advanced sysLem admlnlsLraLlon such as logglng and audlLlng
6 1hls drlver ls very flexlble allows access Lo mulLlple daLabases uslng one drlver
7 1hey are Lhe mosL efflclenL amongsL all drlver Lypes
ulsadvanLage
lL requlres anoLher server appllcaLlon Lo lnsLall and malnLaln 1raverslng Lhe recordseL may Lake
longer slnce Lhe daLa comes Lhrough Lhe backend server

1ype 4 Nat|veprotoco|]a||Iava dr|ver
1he 1ype 4 uses [ava neLworklng llbrarles Lo communlcaLe dlrecLly wlLh Lhe daLabase server
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14

AdvanLage
1 1he ma[or beneflL of uslng a Lype 4 [dbc drlvers are LhaL Lhey are compleLely wrlLLen ln !ava Lo
achleve plaLform lndependence and ellmlnaLe deploymenL admlnlsLraLlon lssueslL ls mosL
sulLable for Lhe web
2 number of LranslaLlon layers ls very less le Lype 4 !u8C drlvers don'L have Lo LranslaLe daLabase
requesLs Lo Cu8C or a naLlve connecLlvlLy lnLerface or Lo pass Lhe requesL on Lo anoLher server
performance ls Lyplcally qulLe good
3 ?ou don'L need Lo lnsLall speclal sofLware on Lhe cllenL or server lurLher Lhese drlvers can be
downloaded dynamlcally
ulsadvanLage
WlLh Lype 4 drlvers Lhe user needs a dlfferenL drlver for each daLabase

Lxamp|e
|mport [avasq|Connect|on
|mport [avasq|Dr|verManager
|mport [avasq|kesu|tSet
|mport [avasq|kesu|tSetMetaData
|mport [avasq|Statement

pub||c c|ass Lxamp|e
pub||c stat|c vo|d ma|n(Str|ng args)
try
C|assforName(sun[dbcodbcIdbcCdbcDr|ver)

Connect|on con Dr|verManagergetConnect|on([dbcodbc|nventory )
Statement stmt concreateStatement()
kesu|tSet rs stmtexecuteuery(SLLLC1 * IkCM |nventory CkDLk 8 pr|ce)

kesu|tSetMetaData rsmd rsgetMetaData()
|nt numberCfCo|umns rsmdgetCo|umnCount()
|nt rowCount 1
wh||e (rsnext())
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13

for (|nt | 1 | numberCfCo|umns |++)
Systemoutpr|nt(rsgetStr|ng(|) + )

rowCount++

stmtc|ose()
conc|ose()
catch (Lxcept|on e)
Systemoutpr|nt|n(e)

[avasq|
Interface kesu|tSetMetaData
pub||c |nterface kesu|tSetMetaData An ob[ect that can be used to get |nformat|on about the types and
propert|es of the co|umns |n a kesu|tSet ob[ect 1he fo||ow|ng code fragment creates the kesu|tSet
ob[ect rs creates the kesu|tSetMetaData ob[ect rsmd and uses rsmd to f|nd out how many co|umns rs
has and whether the f|rst co|umn |n rs can be used |n a WnLkL c|ause
kesu|tSet rs stmtexecuteuery(SLLLC1 a b c IkCM 1A8LL2) kesu|tSetMetaData rsmd
rsgetMetaData() |nt numberCfCo|umns rsmdgetCo|umnCount() boo|ean b rsmd|sSearchab|e(1)

Method Deta||
1 getCo|umnCount
pub||c |nt getCo|umnCount() throws SLLxcept|on keturns the number of co|umns |n th|s kesu|tSet
ob[ect
keturns the number of co|umns
2 |sAutoIncrement
pub||c boo|ean |sAutoIncrement(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates whether the des|gnated
co|umn |s automat|ca||y numbered thus readon|y
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns true |f so fa|se otherw|se

3 |sCaseSens|t|ve
pub||c boo|ean |sCaseSens|t|ve(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on
Ind|cates whether a co|umns case matters
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2
keturns true |f so fa|se otherw|se
4 |sSearchab|e
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16

pub||c boo|ean |sSearchab|e(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates whether the des|gnated
co|umn can be used |n a where c|ause
S |sCurrency
pub||c boo|ean |sCurrency(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates whether the des|gnated co|umn
|s a cash va|ue
1hrows SLLxcept|on |f a database access error occurs
6 |sNu||ab|e
pub||c |nt |sNu||ab|e(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates the nu||ab|||ty of va|ues |n the
des|gnated co|umn
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns the nu||ab|||ty status of the
g|ven co|umn one of co|umnNoNu||s co|umnNu||ab|e or co|umnNu||ab|eUnknown 1hrows
SLLxcept|on |f a database access error occurs
7 |sS|gned
pub||c boo|ean |sS|gned(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates whether va|ues |n the des|gnated
co|umn are s|gned numbers
8 getCo|umnD|sp|ayS|ze
pub||c |nt getCo|umnD|sp|ayS|ze(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates the des|gnated co|umns
norma| max|mum w|dth |n characters
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns the norma| max|mum number
of characters a||owed as the w|dth of the des|gnated co|umn 1hrows SLLxcept|on |f a database
access error occurs
9 getCo|umnLabe|
pub||c Str|ng getCo|umnLabe|(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Gets the des|gnated co|umns
suggested t|t|e for use |n pr|ntouts and d|sp|ays
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns the suggested co|umn t|t|e
10 getCo|umnName
pub||c Str|ng getCo|umnName(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Get the des|gnated co|umns name
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns co|umn name 1hrows
SLLxcept|on |f a database access error occurs
11getrec|s|on
pub||c |nt getrec|s|on(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on
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17

Get the des|gnated co|umns number of dec|ma| d|g|ts
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2
keturns prec|s|on
12get1ab|eName
pub||c Str|ng get1ab|eName(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Gets the des|gnated co|umns tab|e
name
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns tab|e name or |f not
app||cab|e 1hrows SLLxcept|on |f a database access error occurs
13getCo|umn1ype
pub||c |nt getCo|umn1ype(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on ketr|eves the des|gnated co|umns SL
type
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns SL type from [avasq|1ypes
14getCo|umn1ypeName
pub||c Str|ng getCo|umn1ypeName(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on ketr|eves the des|gnated
co|umns databasespec|f|c type name
arameters co|umn the f|rst co|umn |s 1 the second |s 2 keturns type name used by the
database If the co|umn type |s a userdef|ned type then a fu||yqua||f|ed type name |s returned
1S|skeadCn|y
pub||c boo|ean |skeadCn|y(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates whether the des|gnated
co|umn |s def|n|te|y not wr|tab|e
16|sWr|tab|e
pub||c boo|ean |sWr|tab|e(|nt co|umn) throws SLLxcept|on Ind|cates whether |t |s poss|b|e for a wr|te
on the des|gnated co|umn to succeed

Creat|ng a Ca||ab|eStatement Cb[ect
Ca||ab|eStatement ob[ects are created w|th the Connect|on method prepareCa||
1he examp|e be|ow creates an |nstance of Ca||ab|eStatement that conta|ns a ca||
to the stored procedure get1estData wh|ch has two arguments and no resu|t parameter
Ca||ab|eStatement cstmt conprepareCa||( ca|| get1estData(? ?))

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18

Create a Database Table Using a Statement
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DataTruncation;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class Main ,
public static void main(String, args) throws Exception ,
Connection conn = getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

stmt.executeUpdate("create table survey (id int, name CHAR(5) );");

stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTJ survey(id, name)VALUES(111, '123456789')"
);

// since there were no errors, commit
conn.commit();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT FRJM survey");
outputResultSet(rs);

rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
,

private static void outputResultSet(ResultSet rs) throws Exception ,
ResultSetMetaData rsMetaData = rs.getMetaData();
int numberJfColumns = rsMetaData.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 1; i < numberJfColumns + 1; i++) ,
String columnName = rsMetaData.getColumnName(i);
System.out.print(columnName + " ");

,
System.out.println();
System.out.println("----------------------");

while (rs.next()) ,
System.out.print(rs.getString(i) + " ");
,
,

,

private static Connection getConnection() throws Exception ,
Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:mem:data/tutorial";
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19

return DriverManager.getConnection(url, "sa", "");
,
,

Drop a Database Table Using a Statements
import java.sql.DataTruncation;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;

public class Main ,
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

stmt.executeUpdate("create table survey (id int, name CHAR(5) );");

stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTJ survey(id, name)VALUES(111, '123456789')"
);

// since there were no errors, commit
conn.commit();

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT FRJM survey");
outputResultSet(rs);

stmt.executeUpdate("drop table survey");

rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
,

private static void outputResultSet(ResultSet rs) throws Exception ,
ResultSetMetaData rsMetaData = rs.getMetaData();
int numberJfColumns = rsMetaData.getColumnCount();
String columnName = rsMetaData.getColumnName(i);
System.out.print(columnName + " ");

,
System.out.println("----------------------");

while (rs.next()) ,
System.out.print(rs.getString(i) + " ");
,
h 0131223032394143033329414283934

20

,

,


,
,

Detect if a table exists
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;

public class Main ,
public static void main(String, argv) throws Exception ,
Connection c = null;
DatabaseMetaData dbm = c.getMetaData();
ResultSet rs = dbm.getTables(null, null, "employee", null);
if (rs.next()) ,
System.out.println("Table exists");
, else ,
System.out.println("Table does not exist");
,
,
,

Database Metadata
1. Metadata is data about data.
2. Database metadata is information about a database.
3. Database metadata provides information about the structure of a database and its tables, views, and
stored procedures.
JDBC provides four interfaces that deal with database metadata
1. java.sql.DatabaseMetaData: about the database as a whole: table names, table indexes, database
product name and version, and actions the database supports.
2. java.sql.ResultSetMetaData: about the types and properties of the columns in a ResultSet object.
3. java.sql.ParameterMetaData: about the types and properties of the parameters in a PreparedStatement
object.
4. javax.sql.RowSetMetaData: about the columns in a RowSet object.
Get Table Names from a Database
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21


public class Main ,
Statement st = conn.createStatement();

st.executeUpdate("create table survey (id int,myURL CHAR);");

getTables(conn);

st.close();
conn.close();
,

public static void getTables(Connection conn) throws Exception ,
String TABLE_NAME = "TABLE_NAME";
String TABLE_SCHEMA = "TABLE_SCHEM";
String, TABLE_TYPES = ,"TABLE",;
DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData();

ResultSet tables = dbmd.getTables(null, null, null, TABLE_TYPES);
while (tables.next()) ,
System.out.println(tables.getString(TABLE_NAME));
System.out.println(tables.getString(TABLE_SCHEMA));
,
,


,
,
Get table information from DatabaseMetaData

public class Main ,

DatabaseMetaData mtdt = conn.getMetaData();
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22

ResultSet rs = mtdt.getTables(conn.getCatalog(), "%", "%", null);

ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
int numCols = rsmd.getColumnCount();
for (int i = 1; i <= numCols; i++) ,
if (i 1)
System.out.print(", ");
System.out.print(rsmd.getColumnLabel(i));
,
System.out.println("");
while (rs.next()) ,
for (int i = 1; i <= numCols; i++) ,
if (i 1)
System.out.print(", ");
System.out.print(rs.getString(i));
,
System.out.println("");
,
conn.close();
,


,
,
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