ChemicaI FertiIizer or Organic FertiIizer

A chemical fertilizer is defined as any inorganic material of wholly or partially synthetic origin that is added
to the soil to sustain plant growth. Many artificial fertilizers contain acids, such as sulfuric acid and
hydrochloric acid, which tend to increase the acidity of the soil, reduce the soil's beneficial organism
population and interfere with plant growth.
Generally, healthy soil contains enough nitrogen-fixing bacteria to fix sufficient atmospheric nitrogen to
supply the needs of growing plants. However, continued use of chemical fertilizer may destroy these
nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Furthermore, chemical fertilizers may effect plant health. For example, citrus
trees tend to yield fruits that are lower in vitamin C when treated with high nitrogen fertilizer. Fungus and
bacterial disease resulting from the lack of trace elements in soil regularly dosed with chemical fertilizers
is not uncommon. This lack of vital micronutrients can generally be attributed to the use of chemical
fertilizers.
On the other hand organic fertilizer such as manure treated with CBPA adds nutrients to soil, increases
soil organic matter, improves soil structure and tilth, improves water holding capacity, reduces soil
crusting problems, reduces erosion from wind and water, improves water holding capacity and improves
buffering capacity against fluctuations in pH levels.
Impact of Modern Chemical fertilizers on soil

uay Lo day due Lo Lhe advancemenL ln sclence and Lechnology Lhere are many lnvenLlons and
revoluLlons ln agrlculLure 1he soll ferLlllLy ls lncreased by uslng many chemlcal lerLlllzers Lhese are a
LhreaL Lo Lhe naLural soll ferLlllLy 1hey [usL supporL Lhe culLlvaLlon of a speclfled crop for slngle season
1he nexL season Lhe soll ferLlllLy wlll be spolled Moreover Lhere are loL of slde effecLs due Lo Lhese
chemlcals

nhanced Degradation of Insecticides in Soil
Soil provides living things with Iood, Iibres and Iuel. It supports wildliIe and rural and urban
activities. From the end oI the 1940s to the beginning oI the 1990s, over 90 oI the degradation
oI productive land was due to overgrazing, deIorestation and inappropriate agricultural practices.
These changes in the soil aIIect over 2 billion people, most oI the 852 million people suIIering
Irom hunger in particular.
Soil can thereIore not be ignored in ecosystem mechanisms.
%he state of affairs
According to the ISRIC World Soil InIormation data, 46.4 oI soil is experiencing an important
decrease in productivity and partially destroyed biological Iunctions. A third oI it is in Asia and a
IiIth is in AIrica. 15.1 oI soil can no longer be used Ior Iarming as its biological Iunctions have
been seriously destroyed and it would take large investments to restore them. About 9.3 million
ha (0.5) oI soil is irreparably damaged and no longer has any biological Iunction.
Over 50 oI soils that have been degraded by deIorestation are situated in Asia and 15 are in
South America. DeIorestation is the main cause oI soil degradation in South America (41), in
Asia (40) and also in Europe (38), particularly in Central and Oriental European countries.



cessive mining destroys ecology: Goa
Church
Excessive mining in Goa is proving to be a grave threat to the ecologically-sensitive Western
Ghats, the Church warned in its World Environment Day (WED) message yesterday.
'Mining, deIorestation and aggressive promotion oI eco-tourism by the government was eating
into Goa`s green cover,said the message Irom Father Maverick Fernandes, executive director oI
Council oI Social Justice and Peace (CSJP), the social arm oI the archdiocese.
'The contents oI the proposed Goa State Forest Policy, 2011require a serious overhaul as there
are several Iundamental issues, he said.
'Goa`s Iorests are under attack due to iron and manganese ore minimg, indicating that among the
greater threat to the entire Western Ghats is mining in Goa, Fernandes said.
Most oI Goa`s hundred odd legal mining leases ring the Mhadei, Netravali and the Bhagwaan
Mahaveer wildliIe sanctuaries located in the east and south oI the states.
'The problems oI mining, deIorestation, pollution, loss oI water resources and wildliIe trade
constitute the crucial issues to be dealt with while discussing the need oI sustainable use oI
Iorests, the statement reads.
He recalled Blessed Pope John Paul II`s message that 'the ecological crisis is a moral issue.
'Eco-tourism is completely against the interests oI the Iorests oI Goa in the present scenario,
Fernandes said.

hat are some problems of
industrialization?
More Iactories made more pollution. Other problems include over crowding oI cities, because oI
an increase oI employment, environmental destruction, decrease oI privacy and a decrease oI the
'simpler liIe'.

It is widely realized that agro-based industries are essential ways Ior the attainment oI national
objectives, especially poverty alleviation and economic development in the rural areas. However,
such industries Iace several problems. Some oI the problems could be dealt with by the industries
themselves and others require government intervention and even the cooperation oI international
agencies. The major problems Iaced by agro-based industries oI the Asian and PaciIic region are
presented under the Iollowing Iour headings:

InIrastructure
Skills
Upgrading technological
Support services.