CSN !

nterfaces

nterIuce between the MSC und Buse Stution System {A-interIuce)

TIe InLerIuce beLween LIe MSC und ILs BSS Is specIIIed In LIe o8-serIes oI GSM TecInIcuI SpecIIIcuLIons.
TIe BSS-MSC InLerIuce Is used Lo curry InIormuLIon concernIng:
BSS munugemenL;
CuII IundIIng;
MobIIILy munugemenL.

A-BIS INTIRIACI {BSC - BTS)

Ien LIe BSS consIsLs oI u Buse SLuLIon ConLroIIer (BSC) und one or more Buse TrunsceIver SLuLIons
(BTS), LIIs InLerIuce Is used beLween LIe BSC und BTS Lo supporL LIe servIces oIIered Lo LIe GSM users
und subscrIbers. TIe InLerIuce uIso uIIows conLroI oI LIe rudIo equIpmenL und rudIo Irequency uIIocuLIon
In LIe BTS.
TIIs InLerIuce Is specIIIed In LIe o8.x-serIes oI GSM TecInIcuI SpecIIIcuLIons.

B INTIRIACI {MSC - VLR)

TIe VR Is LIe IocuLIon und munugemenL duLu buse Ior LIe mobIIe subscrIbers roumIng In LIe ureu
conLroIIed by LIe ussocIuLed MSC(s). Ienever LIe MSC needs duLu reIuLed Lo u gIven mobIIe
sLuLIon currenLIy IocuLed In ILs ureu, IL InLerroguLes LIe VR. Ien u mobIIe sLuLIon InILIuLes u IocuLIon
upduLIng procedure wILI un MSC, LIe MSC InIorms ILs VR wIIcI sLores LIe reIevunL InIormuLIon.
TIIs procedure occurs wIenever un MS roums Lo unoLIer IocuLIon ureu. AIso, wIen u subscrIber ucLIvuLes
u specIIIc suppIemenLury servIce or modIIIes some duLu uLLucIed Lo u servIce, LIe MSC InIorms (vIu LIe
VR) LIe HR wIIcI sLores LIese modIIIcuLIons und upduLes LIe VR II requIred.

C INTIRIACI {HLR und the MSC)

TIe GuLewuy MSC musL InLerroguLe LIe HR oI LIe requIred subscrIber Lo obLuIn rouLIng InIormuLIon Ior
u cuII or u sIorL messuge dIrecLed Lo LIuL subscrIber.

INTIRIACI {HLR - VLR)

TIIs InLerIuce Is used Lo excIunge LIe duLu reIuLed Lo LIe IocuLIon oI LIe mobIIe sLuLIon und Lo LIe
munugemenL oI LIe subscrIber. TIe muIn servIce provIded Lo LIe mobIIe subscrIber Is LIe cupubIIILy Lo seL
up or Lo receIve cuIIs wILIIn LIe wIoIe servIce ureu. To supporL LIIs, LIe IocuLIon regIsLers Iuve Lo
excIunge duLu. TIe VR InIorms LIe HR oI LIe IocuLIon oI u mobIIe sLuLIon munuged by LIe IuLLer und
provIdes IL (eILIer uL IocuLIon upduLIng or uL cuII seL-up) wILI LIe roumIng number oI LIuL sLuLIon. TIe
HR sends Lo LIe VR uII LIe duLu needed Lo supporL LIe servIce Lo LIe mobIIe subscrIber. TIe HR LIen
InsLrucLs LIe prevIous VR Lo cunceI LIe IocuLIon regIsLruLIon oI LIIs subscrIber. ExcIunges oI duLu muy
occur wIen LIe mobIIe subscrIber requIres u purLIcuIur servIce, wIen Ie wunLs Lo cIunge some duLu
uLLucIed Lo IIs subscrIpLIon or wIen some purumeLers oI LIe subscrIpLIon ure modIIIed by udmInIsLruLIve
meuns.

I INTIRIACI {MSC - MSC)

Ien u mobIIe sLuLIon moves Irom one MSC ureu Lo unoLIer durIng u cuII, u Iundover procedure Ius Lo be
perIormed In order Lo conLInue LIe communIcuLIon. or LIuL purpose LIe MSCs Iuve Lo excIunge duLu Lo
InILIuLe und LIen Lo reuIIze LIe operuLIon. AILer LIe Iundover operuLIon Ius been compIeLed, LIe MSCs
wIII excIunge InIormuLIon Lo LrunsIer A-InLerIuce sIgnuIIIng us necessury. Ien u sIorL messuge Is Lo be
LrunsIerred beLween u MobIIe SLuLIon und SIorL Messuge ServIce CenLre (SC), In eILIer dIrecLIon, LIIs
InLerIuce Is used Lo LrunsIer LIe messuge beLween LIe MSC servIng LIe MobIIe SLuLIon und LIe MSC wIIcI
ucLs us LIe InLerIuce Lo LIe SC.

I INTIRIACI {MSC und IIR)
TIIs InLerIuce Is used beLween MSC und ER Lo excIunge duLu, In order LIuL LIe ER cun verIIy LIe
sLuLus oI LIe ME reLrIeved Irom LIe MobIIe SLuLIon.

INTIRIACI {VLR - VLR)

Ien u mobIIe subscrIber moves Irom u VR ureu Lo unoLIer ocuLIon RegIsLruLIon procedure wIII
Iuppen. TIIs procedure muy IncIude LIe reLrIevuI oI LIe MS und uuLIenLIcuLIon purumeLers Irom LIe oId
VR.

H INTIRIACI {HLR - AoC)

Ien un HR receIves u requesL Ior uuLIenLIcuLIon und cIpIerIng duLu Ior u MobIIe SubscrIber und IL does
noL IoId LIe requesLed duLu, LIe HR requesLs LIe duLu Irom LIe AuC. TIe proLocoI used Lo LrunsIer LIe
duLu over LIIs InLerIuce Is noL sLundurdIzed.

&m INTIRIACI {MS- BTS)

TIe InLerIuce beLween LIe MS und LIe BSS Is specIIIed In LIe oq- und o-serIes oI GSM TecInIcuI
SpecIIIcuLIons.

Short Nessage Service (SNS)

SMS thot ue use doilg, eoerg think obout its orchitecture ond process??????????
Let's see uhot is thisssss....

SMS Is u servIce LIuL uIIows subscrIbers Lo send sIorL messuges (up Lo 16o cIurucLers) Lo oLIer mobIIe
subscrIbers. RuLIer LIun IuvIng Lo seL up u cuII on u LruIIIc cIunneI, SMS uses spure cupucILy on LIe
SLunduIone DedIcuLed ConLroI CIunneI (SDCCH).

SMS Is cIussIIIed us u GSM TeIeservIce und LIree SMS LeIeservIces (TSz1-z) Iuve been deIIned:
TS 1 - MobIIe LermInuLed poInL-Lo-poInL messugIng. A mobIIe cun LermInuLe un SMS messuge
eILIer Irom unoLIer MS or Irom LIe IIxed neLwork.
TS - MobIIe orIgInuLed poInL-Lo-poInL messugIng. A mobIIe cun send u messuge eILIer Lo unoLIer
MS or InLo LIe IIxed neLwork (us un EmuII Ior exumpIe).
TS - SMS CeII BroudcusL (SMSCB). A more recenL vurIuLIon oI SMS Is SMSCB. SMSCB messuges
ure generuIIy broudcusL onIy In u specIIIc neLwork regIon. An MS cunnoL InILIuLe sucI u messuge und does
noL ucknowIedge receIpL oI one. OnIy MSs In IdIe mode cun receIve SMSCB messuges. TIese messuges
dIIIer Irom sLundurd SMS messuges In LIuL LIey ure onIy qz cIurucLers Iong. However, procedures exIsL Lo
concuLenuLe up Lo 1 SMSCB messuges usIng u specIuI reussembIy mecIunIsm.
n order Lo ImpIemenL SMS, u neLwork operuLor musL esLubIIsI u SMS ServIce CenLre wIIcI receIves und
processes SMS messuges In u sLore-und-Iorwurd mode. Messuges cun be InILIuLed In LIe IIxed or mobIIe
neLwork und deIIvered Lo eILIer LIe IIxed or mobIIe neLwork.

Short Messuging Intities

SIorL messugIng enLILy (SME) Is un enLILy wIIcI muy receIve or send sIorL messuges. TIe SME muy be
IocuLed In LIe IIxed neLwork, u mobIIe sLuLIon, or unoLIer servIce cenLre.

Short Messuge Service Centre

SIorL messuge servIce cenLre (SMSC) Is responsIbIe Ior LIe reIuyIng und sLore-und-IorwurdIng oI u sIorL
messuge beLween un SME und mobIIe sLuLIon.

SMS utewuy Mobile Switching Centre

TIe SMS-guLewuy mobIIe swILcIIng cenLre (SMS-GMSC) Is un MSC cupubIe oI receIvIng u sIorL messuge
Irom un SMSC, InLerroguLIng u Iome IocuLIon regIsLer (HR) Ior rouLIng InIormuLIon, und deIIverIng LIe
sIorL messuge Lo LIe vIsILed MSC oI LIe recIpIenL mobIIe sLuLIon. TIe SMS InLerworkIng MSC (SMS-
MSC) Is un MSC cupubIe oI receIvIng u sIorL messuge Irom LIe mobIIe neLwork und submILLIng IL Lo LIe
upproprIuLe SMSC. TIe SMS-GMSCJSMS-MSC ure LypIcuIIy InLegruLed wILI LIe SMSC.

Home Locution Register

TIe HR Is u duLubuse used Ior permunenL sLoruge und munugemenL oI subscrIpLIons und servIce proIIIes.
Upon InLerroguLIon by LIe SMSC, LIe HR provIdes LIe rouLIng InIormuLIon Ior LIe IndIcuLed subscrIber.
TIe HR uIso InIorms LIe SMSC, wIIcI Ius prevIousIy InILIuLed unsuccessIuI sIorL messuge deIIvery
uLLempLs Lo u specIIIc mobIIe sLuLIon, LIuL LIe mobIIe sLuLIon Is now recognIzed by LIe mobIIe neLwork Lo
be uccessIbIe.

Mobile Switching Centre

TIe MSC perIorms LIe swILcIIng IuncLIons oI LIe sysLem und conLroIs cuIIs Lo und Irom oLIer LeIepIone
und duLu sysLems.

Visitor Locution Register

TIe vIsILor IocuLIon regIsLer (VR) Is u duLubuse LIuL conLuIns Lemporury InIormuLIon ubouL subscrIbers.
TIIs InIormuLIon Is needed by LIe MSC Lo servIce vIsILIng subscrIbers.

The Buse Stution System

AII rudIo-reIuLed IuncLIons ure perIormed In LIe buse-sLuLIon sysLem (BSS). TIe BSS consIsLs oI buse-
sLuLIon conLroIIers (BSCs) und LIe buse-LrunsceIver sLuLIons (BTSs), und ILs prImury responsIbIIILy Is Lo
LrunsmIL voIce und duLu LruIIIc beLween LIe mobIIe sLuLIons.

The Mobile Stution

TIe mobIIe sLuLIon (MS) Is LIe wIreIess LermInuI cupubIe oI receIvIng und orIgInuLIng sIorL messuges us
weII us voIce cuIIs. TIe wIreIess neLwork sIgnuIIIng InIrusLrucLure Is bused on sIgnuIIIng sysLem ; (SS;).
SMS mukes use oI LIe mobIIe uppIIcuLIon purL (MAP), wIIcI deIInes LIe meLIods und mecIunIsms oI
communIcuLIon In wIreIess neLworks, und uses LIe servIces oI LIe SS; LrunsucLIon cupubIIILIes uppIIcuLIon
purL (TCAP). An SMS servIce Iuyer mukes use oI LIe MAP sIgnuIIIng cupubIIILIes und enubIes LIe LrunsIer
oI sIorL messuges beLween LIe peer enLILIes.

CSN !dentifiers
GSM denLIIIers:

IMII - Internutionul Mobile Iqoipment IdentiIier.

TIe ME Is un InLernuLIonuIIy-unIque serIuI number uIIocuLed Lo LIe MS Iurdwure uL LIe LIme oI
munuIucLure. L Is regIsLered by LIe neLwork operuLor und (opLIonuIIy) sLored In LIe AuC Ior vuIIduLIon
purposes.

IMSI - Internutionul Mobile Sobscriber IdentiIier

Ien u subscrIber regIsLers wILI u neLwork operuLor, u unIque subscrIber MS IdenLIIIer Is Issued
und sLored In LIe SM oI LIe MS. An MS cun onIy IuncLIon IuIIy II IL Is operuLed wILI u vuIId SM InserLed
InLo un

TMSI -Temporury Mobile Sobscriber Identity

A TMS Is used Lo proLecL LIe Lrue IdenLILy (MS) oI u subscrIber. L Is Issued by und sLored wILIIn u VR
(noL In LIe HR) wIen un MS uLLucI Lukes pIuce or u ocuLIon Areu (A) upduLe Lukes pIuce. AL LIe MS
IL Is sLored In LIe MS`s SM. TIe Issued TMS onIy Ius vuIIdILy wILIIn u specIIIc A.

MSISN - Mobile Sobscriber ISN nomber

TIe MSSDN represenLs LIe 'Lrue` or 'dIuIIed` number ussocIuLed wILI LIe subscrIber. L Is ussIgned Lo LIe
subscrIber by LIe neLwork operuLor uL regIsLruLIon und Is sLored In LIe SM. L Is possIbIe Ior un MS Lo
IoId muILIpIe MSSDNs, eucI ussocIuLed wILI u dIIIerenL servIce.

MSRN - Mobile Stution Rouming Nomber

TIe MSRN Is u Lemporury, IocuLIon-dependunL SDN number Issued by LIe purenL VR Lo uII MSs wILIIn
ILs ureu oI responsIbIIILy. L Is sLored In LIe VR und ussocIuLed HR buL noL In LIe MS. TIe MSRN Is
used by LIe VR-ussocIuLed MSC Ior cuII rouLIng wILIIn LIe MSCJVR servIce ureu.

LAI - Locution Areu Identity

EucI ocuLIon Areu wILIIn LIe PMN Ius un ussocIuLed InLernuLIonuIIy-unIque IdenLIIIer (A). TIe A
Is broudcusL reguIurIy by BTSs on LIe BroudcusL ConLroI CIunneI (BCCH), LIus unIqueIy IdenLIIyIng eucI
ceII wILI un ussocIuLed A. TIe purpose oI As Is covered IuLer In LIIs course.

CI - Cell IdentiIier
TIe C un IdenLIIIer ussIgned Lo eucI ceII wILIIn u neLwork. However, LIe C Is onIy unIque wILIIn u
specIIIc ocuLIon Areu. Ien combIned wILI LIe InLernuLIonuIIy unIque A Ior ILs ussocIuLed A,
LIe lobul Cell Identity {CI) Is produced wIIcI Is uIso InLernuLIonuIIy unIque.

BSIC - Buse Stution Identity Code

EucI BTS Is Issued wILI u unIque IdenLILy, LIe BSC und Is used Lo dIsLInguIsI neIgIbourIng BTSs.

Nobile Station
Mobile Stution
SubscrIbers communIcuLe LIrougI LIe wIreIess neLwork vIu LIe mobIIe sLuLIon. TIere ure LIree Lypes oI
mobIIe sLuLIons, IncIudIng:
VeIIcIe mounLed
TrunsporLubIe
HundIeId
EucI oI LIese mobIIes Ius u dIIIerenL ouLpuL power ussocIuLed wILI LIe specIIIc cIussIIIcuLIon. TIe
common cIussIIIcuLIons oI mobIIes und LIeIr correspondIng ouLpuL power vury uccordIng Lo Lype oI GSM
neLwork. TIe mobIIe cIuss und ouLpuL power Ior vurIous GSM neLwork uppIIcuLIons ure IncIuded In
IoIIowIng TubIes.

PCS-1qoo MobIIe CIuss und Power

Cluss Peuk Ootpot Power
{W)
1 z
z 1
.

DCS-18oo MobIIe CIuss und Power

Cluss Peuk Ootpot Power
{W)
1 1
z .z

GSM-qoo MobIIe CIuss und Power

Cluss Peuk Ootpot Power
{W)
1 zo
z 8

q z
.8

EucI pIone musL Iuve u Sobscriber Identity Modole {SIM). TIe SM Is u pIusLIc curd wILI u
mugneLIc sLrIp conLuInIng subscrIber InIormuLIon LIuL Is InserLed In LIe pIone. TIe InIormuLIon sLored on
LIe SM IncIude:
nLernuLIonuI MobIIe SubscrIber denLILy (MS) Number
MobIIe SLuLIon SDN Number (MSSDN)
PersonuI denLILy Number (PN)
PersonuI UnIockIng Key (PUK)
SerIuI number oI LIe SM
CIpIerIng Key (Kc)
AuLIenLIcuLIon Key (KI)
Temporury MobIIe SubscrIber denLILy (TMS)
SM servIce LubIe (IndIcuLes wIIcI opLIonuI servIces ure uvuIIubIe)
Burred PMNs
unguuge PreIerence
AddILIonuI subscrIber reIuLed InIormuLIon oI prImury ImporLunce ure LIe MS und PN numbers.
MobIIe sLuLIons cunnoL uccess u neLwork, excepL Ior emergency cuIIs, wILIouL u vuIId nLernuLIonuI MobIIe
SubscrIber denLILy (MS) number. TIe MS number, sLored In LIe SM IdenLIIIes eucI mobIIe wILIIn u
neLwork.
TIe PersonuI denLILy Number (PN) Is u Iour Lo eIgIL dIgIL number LIuL uIIows u subscrIber Lo Iock or
unIock IIs pIone Lo prevenL unuuLIorIzed use. I LIe IncorrecL PN Is enLered LIree consecuLIve LImes LIe
SM Is Iocked.
As purL oI LIe sLundurdIzuLIon oI GSM mobIIes LIere ure cerLuIn requIred IeuLures IncIudIng:
DIspIuy oI CuIIed Number
CuII Progress ndIcuLIon
CounLryJPMN ndIcuLIon
SubscrIpLIon denLILy MunugemenL
nvuIId PN ndIcuLor
MS
ServIce ndIcuLor

MunuIucLurers Iuve LIe opporLunILy Lo enIunce IeuLures In IuLure edILIons oI mobIIes us Iong us LIe
IeuLures do noL InLerIere wILI LIe neLwork or oLIer mobIIes.