WIRELESS E.M.

G CIRCUIT

By P.PADMASRI SAPNA DHANKAR SHWETA TANEJA RASHMI YADAV Under the guidance of Mr. DEEPAK

ABSTRACT

Electromyograph is an instrument used for recording the electrical activity of the muscles , to determine whether the muscle is contracting or not , for displaying on the CRO the action potentials spontaneously present in a muscle or those induced by voluntary contractions as a means for detecting and recording electrical activity evoked in a muscle by the stimulation of its nerve. EMG measurements are also important for myoelectric control of prosthetic devices. EMG is usually recorded using surface electrodes or needle electrodes. A ground electrode is necessary for providing a common reference for measurement. In the present project we propose to use wireless FM system to transmit the bio potential signal i.e electromyogram and analyse the signal coding different filters in matlab. The main purpose to use wireless FM system is to send EMG signal from the device we choose to a CRO or a PC.

INTRODUCTION
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY : Muscle fibres generate electrical activity
whenever muscles are active . EMG signals are recorded by placing electrodes close to the muscle group . For eg. : a pair of electrodes placed on biceps & another pair on triceps can capture the E M G signals generated when these muscles contract . EMG signals recorded this way give a rough indication of the force generated by the muscle group . The instrument used for measuring is called ELECTROMYOGRAPH and the record of signals is called ELECTROMYOGRAM . Generally silver silver chloride or gold plated electrodes are used . Since frequency range & larger amplitudes of EMG signals is higher than EEG and ECG signals , the problem of motion artifacts and other interferences is less .

fig. Waveform of electromyogram

FM TRANSMITTER: An FM transmitter is a device that takes the input signal and converts into radio frequency signal, which can be picked up by devices like portable radio or its receiver. It then transmits the frequency modulated wave. FM RECIEVER: Frequency modulation is used in radio broadcast in the bandwidth range from 88 MHz till 108 MHz. This range is being marked as FM on the band scales of the radio receivers, and the devices that are able to receive such signals are called the FM receivers. Tuned radio frequency receiver (TRF) is the simplest radio receiver.

Antenna RF Stage Demodulator Or Detector Audio Amplifier Audio Power Amplifier

Oscilloscope

MATERIALS USED
Items
AD 620 AN ( instrumention amplifier ) F M microphone along with its receiver Diodes (IN 4007 ) 9 V Battery 500 K ( preferred variable one ) I C Base ( 7 pin ) Shielded cable ( thin ones ) Perforated Board Connecting wires Crocodile clips Electrodes 1.5 V cells Battery clips Power switch

Quantity

1 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 as per req. 2 2 2 2 1

3.THE WIRELESS EMG CIRCUIT

The circuit is very simple in terms of the materials used as well as its working. The circuit picks up the muscle potentials generated by the expansion and contraction of muscle through the electrodes. These signals travel through the input wires to the input of instrumentation amplifier i.e pins 2nd and 3rd in AD 620. With 9V source supply the IC amplifies the signal enough. Meanwhile the gain is maintained at 100 by connecting resistor of 500 between 1st and 8th pins. The amplified output is then transmitted by FM transmitter of the FM mic through the 6th pin of IC. The F M transmitter converts the input electromyogram signal to radio signal. It then transmits this signal through the antenna of the mic. The transmitted output is received by its receiver which is tuned at the same frequency as the transmitter. The receiver then converts the radio signal back to its original analog form. The receiver that is connected to the sound port of a P.C or to a CRO sends the amplified input signal to either of them and the signal is displayed. This circuit primarily detects the EMG only but with further modifications it can prove to be a good portable, compact EMG device that can be used effectively up to a distance of 1530 metres.

The circuit diagram is shown below:

FM Transmitter

Oscilloscope

FM Reciever

4. CONCLUSIONS
The wireless FM system has been used to transmit the bio potential signal i.e electromyogram. The main purpose is to send EMG signal from the device to any nearby system i.e. PC or a CRO. The EMG signal has been successfully transmitted through the FM system. In the EMG that has been prepared, it has been observed that the IC used in the circuit is more effective with 9 V batteries than with 6 V batteries. The base line was thick meaning there was enough noise but EMG signal was overlapping it. The EMG signal that has been observed is shown in the figure on the next page :-

EMG SIGNAL