Origin and Formation of the Universe PowerPoint notes

Integrated Science 2
Name:

1/08

Theories on the Formation of the Universe

A. The Big Bang Theory The theory that the universe began as a ________________ (singularity) and has been
______________________________________________.

The ______________________ was originally packed into one dense sphere of __________________ about
the size of a _____________________.

The sphere exploded, forming a __________________________________________.

As the cloud moved, parts ____________________ and formed __________________________________.

These galaxies continue to move _____________________ today.

______________________________________ theory of universe formation.

B. The Steady State Theory The belief that the universe ___________________________________________________ but
more matter is added to the universe as it ___________________________.

Popular during the _____________ and _____________.

The universe had _______________________________ and has _________________.

C. Inflationary Theory predicts that there was a ________________________________ when the universe was very young,
more extreme than predicted by ___________________________________!

Considered to be a ____________________ Big Bang Theory.

The universe ____________________ and ___________________ until about _______________ second

after the big bang when it became so cool that the forces of nature caused the universe to
_____________________________________.

Evidence for Big Bang/Inflation

In _______________, scientists discovered ________________ interfering with radio antennae, causing
______________________________________.

That radiation is called _______________________________________ and is thought to be radiation from the

________________________.

This radiation can be detected by common ________________ and __________________ antennae. (ex:
______________ on your television is made up of a small percent of radiation from the big bang)

Formation of Galaxies
1. Galaxies begin as a _____________________________ in space
2.

The cloud __________________ under the force of its own ____________________, forming galaxies of a
variety of shapes.

3.

Our galaxy the ____________________________ is a spiral galaxy, consisting of a _____________________

surrounded by arms that rotate in a _______________________.

4.

Solar systems similar to our move around in this galaxy in a ________________________.

Formation of Solar Systems

Within each galaxy are many ______________________ (plural of nebula).

A nebula is ____________________________________________________ from which stars and eventually

solar systems are formed.

Nebula can be _________________________________ depending on the chemical makeup of the __________.

How a Nebula Becomes a Solar System the ____________________________ Hypothesis

1. A rotating cloud of gas _____________________________________.
2. to form a think disk around the forming ________________ at the center
3. Planets grow from ______________________________ in the disk and are left behind when the disk clears.
Formation of OUR solar system
Our sun was the _____________________ of that cloud of dust and gas.

As the planets formed, the _____________________ ones were pulled closest to the ___________. They are
called ___________________________ )Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars)

The ___________________ planets moved toward the _________________ portion of the solar system. They
are called ______________________ or Gas Giants. (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)

Pluto is now thought to be a ______________________, most likely a captured comet who was draw in the by
gravity of the sun and placed in an orbit around it (similar to ___________________)

Planetary Development
Terrestrial planets go through the same 4 stages of development
1.

DIFFERENTIATION heavier materials move to the ________________ of the planet, lighter

materials move to the _________________ portion while it is still molten ___________________.

2.

BOMBARDMENT planets receive surface features due to _______________ from space debris (there
was much more debris in the early universe!)

3.

FLOODING planets were covered with ______________________________ or ________________,

filling in lower areas.

4.

SURFACE EVOLUTION planets continue to change their look from ___________________,

___________________, or ________________________.

Jovian planets (gas giants) all when through __________________________, but we are unsure about development
after that. We DO know that they are constantly influenced by __________________ that move through their thick
__________________________.
Formation of Moons and Rings
Planets have moons for 2 different reasons

A large object in space ________________________, throwing out debris that collected into a
__________________ (Ex: Earths moon)

_____________________ have been captured by the planet when they came too close, getting trapped by the
____________________________ of the planet (Ex: The moons of Mars)

All planets have moons except __________________ and ________________.

Some planets also have rings

Rings are either ____________________________________________ but trapped in its gravitational field

OR they are rings of debris from ________________________ ________________________.

Only the ___________________________ have rings.