CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to fire protection.

Nowadays, every building must have their firefighting system and protection. Firefighting system MUST be install in every building to comply with building firefighting Code. Firefighting system is very important because it can saves a person life and other facilities. These firefighting equipment must be maintained in order to make it work properly and make sure it always in good condition. The fire systems in a building are many. There are equipment and systems for monitoring, communication, fighting fire, indication, raising alarm, diverting smoke and many others. Generally they can be classified into two categories:
a) b)

Fire Protection System Fire Fighting System

Fire systems fall under the fire codes for buildings. As fire codes may vary in different countries, no attempt is made to specify the fire codes. Instead, we will be examining the various components of a fire system in buildings. Sometimes, there is an overlap of functions - the systems may contain elements of both fire protection and firefighting.

1.1.1 Fire protection systems Fire protection systems are used to alert people that a small fire or some overheating has occurred, and that there is a danger of fire happening soon. Smoke detectors, and heat detectors are used to detect such incidents before a big fire occurred. Persons detecting a fire need to sound the alarm to get more assistance. The break glass is the easiest way to sound the alarm. All the fire alarm panels, sub-control panels, bells, break-glass, smoke detector, heat detectors can be grouped into this area.

1.1.2 Fire fighting systems

The fire fighting system will be used when a big fire has already started. There is a need to extinguish it. Sprinkler systems, and hose reel systems are some of the systems used for fire fighting. Wet risers are pipes which distribute large volumes of water to canvas hoses. The fire fighting systems contain pumps, tanks, and their own distribution piping. Motors or diesel engines drive the pumps. Hose reels and canvas hoses are terminated with nozzles for spray or jet. Sprinkler systems have special glass bulbs and sprinkler rose. Flow switches are installed to cause bells to ring when the sprinkler systems are activated. The systems can also contain gongs activated by water flow. Automatic CO2 flooding system will discharge CO2 gas into electrical rooms to stop any fire. Portable fire extinguishers are installed at strategic locations so that they can be used to put out small fires. Fire intercom systems are used by fire fighters to communicate with fire control room personnel. Fire escape doors are indicated with Exit signs, and emergency lights are installed to give a bit of light if the main electrical supply has been cut off. Firemen who have to fight fires will face the danger of electrocution if they use hoses and water. The fireman switch can be switched off to avoid this problem. Smoke spill fans and exhaust fans are sometimes installed for controlling smoke in a burning building.

Table 1.1 : Fire protection and firefighting

Fire protection
Smoke exhaust Manual call point Means of escape Insulation material Compartmentation Evacuation plan Fire rated material Damper in ducting Sub-control panel Sub-mimic Fireman intercom

Fire fighting
Fire Alarm Control Panel Fire hydrant Fire extinguisher Automatic water sprinkler Dry riser Wet riser Hose reel Carbon dioxide fire suppression Fire pump FM200 fire suppression Deluge system

1.2 Introduction to HVAC system.

The goal for a HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system is to provide proper air flow, heating, and cooling to each room. In this process HVAC systems can provide reduce air infiltration and maintain pressure relationships between spaces. In HVAC Industries there are so many standard organizations such as ASHRAE(American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers), SMACNA(Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association), ACCA(Air Conditioning Contractors of America), Uniform Mechanical Code, International Mechanical Code, and AMCA(Air Movement and Control Association) have been established to support the industry and encourage high standards and achievement. In HVAC System, Ventilating is the process of replacing air in any space to control temperature or remove smoke, heat, dust and airborne bacteria. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. HVAC also can helps in firefighting by extracting air and smoke inside the building. Smoke exhaust for firefighting is also categorized as HVAC. HVAC also provide dampers for extracting the smoke.

1.3 Objectives of study

a) To be able to understand how the firefighting and fire protection works.

b) To be able to differentiate firefighting and fire protection system.

c) To be able to recognize the firefighting and fire protection equipment.

d) To be able to conduct a maintenance job of firefighting system.

e) To gain knowledge of firefighting system for future consideration.

f) To be able to understand the system of HVAC in industrial building.

g) To be able to do progressive maintenance.

h) To be able to differentiate the HVAC and fire protection systems.

1.4 Scope of study

This report is focusing on the procedure of maintenance of mechanical(firefighting) & electrical(HVAC) in factory.

This report will be conducted at X-FAB Sarawak Sdn. Bhd. 1 Silicon Drive, Sama Jaya Free Industrial Zone,. 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, MALAYSIA.

This report contains firefighting introduction, fire protection system, active & passive system, firefighting equipment, fire protection equipment, fire alarm system, firefighting maintenance procedure, fire pump system, HVAC basic system, air circulation system, heat exchanger, maintenance of firefighting and air conditioning unit. It is important to knows firefighting and HVAC systems because, who knows that you might encounter with fire situation, and you will know what to do. Firefighting maintenance is important because maintenance can makes the equipment long-lasting and functioned properly.

1.5 Methodology of Study

There are two methods that has been used which help to complete this report. Those methods are:

1.5.1

Primary Sources

a)

Primary source is more likely to be a source that present during

an observation and experience or time period and offer a detail and inside vie of particular event. Major primary sources that used are, site observation personnel. and interviews with professional and experienced

1.5.2

Secondary Sources

b)

A secondary source that is derived from the primary sources

and it is a source that is one or more steps removed from the event. Some types of secondary sources include, references books, research carried by student and lecture from universities and Local researchers, and internet.

1.6 Brief Descriptions of Chapter Chapter 1 is more discussing on the abstract introduction regarding the firefighting and HVAC system in the workplaces. It is also explaining the aim of the research, scope of the study and the methodology of study. This explanation will not only act as a guide and giving initial view to the reader, but also, can motivates and gives clear objective for the writer and guidance during the preparation of the report. Besides, it can help to avoid the writer from discussing irrelevant topic. To conclude, chapter 1 more on discussing the chosen topic, aim of the discussion, and how the research being conducted to achieved the objective.

Chapter 2 will give information on the company background, which is the place where the case study conducted and industrial training have been held. The discussion includes the background of the company, company history, the important personnel in the department, along with the organization chart.

Chapter 3 is about general in firefighting and HVAC system. In this chapter, there is a lot of information and understandings how the firefighting and HVAC system process. In this chapter also will have an information about firefighting and HVAC

Chapter 4 is about the maintaining procedures and steps regarding on the firefighting and HVAC system. This chapters explains steps by step what-to-do during the maintenance work. This is the standard operation of maintaining the HVAC and firefighting.

Chapter 5 is about troubleshooting work on the firefighting and HVAC unit that have problem. This chapter needs brainstorming how to overcome this problem and to make sure it will not happened again in the future. In this chapter also, I conducted a short interview session with the staff regarding the troubleshooting work.

Chapter 6 is about the data analysis, questionnaire and my interview session with my supervisor, Stephen Brinau regarding my pratical training objectives. The questionnaire is for all facility department staff.

Chapter 7 is about conclusion and recommendation regarding fire protection and HVAC system. This chapter gives an opinion so that the working skill is improved.

10