1.

TIME RESPONSE OF RL AND RC NETWROKS

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: To CRO 1K

20 mH

5V, 50HZ, 2KHZ

I (t)

Function Generator

TIME RESPONSE OF R-L CIRCUIT

To CRO 10K

0.01F

I (t)
5V, 50HZ, 2KHZ

Function Generator

TIME RESPONSE OF R-C CIRCUIT.

AIM: To study the time response of current of RL and RC networks for DC input voltages and find the time constants. APPARATUS: QTY 1No 1No 1No 1No 1No 1No

S.NO NAME OF THE APPARATUS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 THEORY: Function generator CRO Decade Resistance Box Decade Inductance Box Decade Capacitance Box Multi Meter Connecting Wires

RANGE 5V,50HZ 314 100mH 10Kpf 10V

TYPE DIGITAL DIGITAL

If a D.C. voltage of Edc volts is applied to a circuit consisting of R and L, the differential equation obtained from Kirchoffs second law can be written as
E L dc (1 e L ) R Rt E dc E dc L .. (1) e R R
iss it r

Rt

The solution i(t) consists of two parts as below

i( t ) iss itr
iss = Steady state part of the solution, and itr = Transient part of the solution. If the variation of i(t) is plotted against time, it will be obtained as below.

i (t)
Edc R
E dc R

0.632

Variation of i (t) with time for a dc voltage applied.

Time constant is defined as the time taken for the current to reach 0.632 times the steady state value of current. Its value can be shown to be equal to L/R. Consider the series circuit in which the DC voltage is applied to the circuit consists of R and C as shown in 2.1(b). When a DC voltage is applied to the circuit, the differential equation of the circuit using Kirchoffs second law can be obtained as
Edc Ri 1 i( t )dt . (2) C

Differentiating the above equation term by term, we get di i( t ) R 0 dt C (or) di i( t ) 0 dt RC The solution of the above first order differential equation is
i( t )

E E dc RC e , Where i(0) dc R R

The variation of i(t) with t is obtained as below.

i(t) Edc/R

0.368 Edc/R

Response of current with time The time constant of the circuit is the time taken for the current to reach 0.368 Edc / R. Its value can be shown to be RC seconds.

PROCEDURE: 1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in the fig 2.1(a). 2) Connect the function generator to the input terminals of the trainer circuit board. 3) Connect the terminals of the 1K resistor to the CRO which measures the voltage across the resistor and hence the current in the circuit. 4) Apply a voltage of 5V square wave voltage at a frequency of about 2KHz and note the wave form of current in the CRO. 5) From the waveform of current in CRO, measures the time-constant as described in theory. 6) Vary the voltage applied to 8V and 10V and repeat the same procedure. 7) Make connections as per the input terminals of the trainer circuit board and apply 5V with about 2KHz frequency and square wave.

8) Connect the function generator at the input terminals of the trainer circuit board and apply 5V with about 2KHz frequency and square wave. 9) Note the waveform of current from the CRO and measure the time constant as explained in theory.

10) Repeat the procedure given in (8) and (9) above, but with 8V and 10V applied, keeping the frequency of the square wave constant. RESULT: The time response of current of RL and RC networks is studied and the time constants for DC input voltages is find out.

VIVAVOCE:

1. What is the significance of the time-constant of a circuit? 2. Plot the variation of voltage across the capacitor in the RC circuit considered in the experiment? 3. How does inductor behave at t=0, in an electrical circuit when any voltage is applied?How does capacitor behave in the same circuit?