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UNIT 1 SECTION 1 COMMUNICATE AT THE COLLEGE Introductions: 1. Guess who is introducing who to whom? A. The author is introducing Mr. Kumar to Dr. Gupta. 2. How long has Kumar been in Calcutta? Why has he come to Calcutta? A. Kumar has been in Calcutta for a week. He has come to Calcutta to pursue his Masters in the University. 3. What is Kumars father? A. Kumars father is a professor. 4. What is the difference? A. A house is a building where people live. A home is a place where relationships are nurtured among family members. An acquaintance is a social contact about whom we know very little. A friend is a person whom we know very well, like a lot and love to spend time with. Famous means well-known, eminent and renowned. Notorious means infamous, disreputable and dishonourable. Anxious means worried. Eager is very enthusiastic and willing. To read is scan through the printed material or take a glance. Study is to read and learn. 5. It requires a lot of love to make a house a home. You will have a thousand acquaintances but very few friends. You study in a college but read a novel. We speak about famous writers but notorious criminals. The child was eager to join school and make new friends; the parents were anxious that he should do well in the entrance test. B. I. About yourself 1. Write the following things about yourself in one paragraph. I am . . . (name, school, sex, age, nationality, personal qualities, interest, plans. . . .) A. I am xxx. At present, I am doing my B. Tech Computer Science from GITAM University. I am a young Indian girl of 17 years. I am a confident and outgoing person. I am good at academics and also won several intercollege competitions in table tennis. I love participating in extracurricular activities like sports, elocutions, debates etc. I also love to sing and dance. I

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play the keyboard fairly well. My future plans are to go abroad for higher studies and land a good job. It is my dream to settle abroad. Once I settle there, I plan to take my parents with me. 2. Write another paragraph about your family (parents, brother and sister, their educational background, home environment). A. My father works in a bank and my mother teaches in a college. My father is a Management graduate and my mother is a postgraduate in Biology and at present pursuing her doctorate. Ours is a nuclear family. I am the only child. My parents love me well and always support my decisions. My father has taught me to be independent and take my own decisions. My mother has taught me to think well before taking any step. Together, they have brought me up to be a good decision maker. In the mornings we are very busy getting ready to go to our places of work and college. Whereas in the late evening, we sit together and talk about the days happenings. Whenever it is required, my parents guide me. We have a leisurely dinner. Every day, we make it a point to spend at least two hours together. After that I do my homework and study. In a month, we set aside two Sundays for the family and two Sundays for friends. C. MAKE YOUR LANGUAGE WORK Ask the right question. Student mastermind 1. Can you name the person who became the first woman prime minister of Britain? A. Margaret Thatcher. 2. Who is the Egyptian queen whose beauty was famous throughout the world? A. Cleopatra. 3. Can you name the President of the United States whose early career was in Hollywood? A. Ronald Reagan. 4. Who is the boxer whose most famous words were I am the greatest? A. Muhammed Ali. 5. Can you tell me the name of the first man who walked on the moon? A. Neil Armstrong (tell-name) 6. Can you name the two young lovers whose tragic story was made into a play by Shakespeare? A. Romeo and Juliet. 7. Who discovered America?

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A. Columbus. 8. Who was the French emperor who was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo? Who was the French emperor who instituted reforms like central administration of the departments, higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established a central bank? Which French emperor is known for his short stature but at the same time was a terror to his enemies? A. Napolean Bonaparte. Application form from Holiday English Ltd. Family Name: Cherian First Name : Nidhi Male/Female: Female Date of Birth: 17 th November, 1993 Home Address: #101, Parkview apartments, Mythri Colony, Madhapur, Hyderabad. Telephone No. 040 3046552, 9254087633 College/School address: GITAM University, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Medak District. Nationality: Indian I have been learning English for 14 years from 1997 to date. State preferred accommodation arrangements: I would like a room facing a nice view. I cannot bear cold weather. I would prefer to have a room heater and an electric blanket in my room. Do you have any special dietary requirements? I would like to have Indian vegetarian food. I would also like to have a bowl of fruit in the afternoon and a bowl of vegetable soup just before my lunch. Are you in good health? Please state chronic illnesses or allergies if any: Right now, I am in good health, but I have severe allergy problems. I have to stay away from dust, and avoid very cold places. In the event of illness or accidents I should like the school to inform: Name: Mr. P. Cherian Address: #101, Parkview apartments, Mythri Colony, Madhapur, Hyderabad. Tel. No. 040 3046552, 9254087631 Any preferences regarding the group you would like to be with (Asians, American, Africans, etc.) Asians/Americans. Profession or occupation of father/mother: Banker/Teacher. Date: 4th August, 2011 Signature; xxxxxxxx Letter to Holiday English Ltd. Formal letter

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101, Parkview Apartments Mythri Colony Madhapur Hyderabad Date: 29th August, 2011 Dear Mr. Smith Thank you for your letter of 23rd March. I am glad to hear that you have reserved a place for me in the batch starting on 15 th September. I hope I can enjoy my holiday as well as learn English. I am interested in sport and my favourite is table tennis. I would love to go on an excursion to historical places. I look forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely, xxx

Formal and friendly expressions Formal I look forward to seeing you. I thank you very much for your letter. I would like to see you soon. Would you like to go to the cinema? Would it be possible to borrow your bicycle? It seems a long time since we met. Please telephone me if you have time. Please visit us this weekend. Dear Mr/Miss. . .Yours sincerely Dear Sir/Madam, . . . Yours faithfully, Friendly/informal See you soon! Thanks for your letter. Waiting to see you. Lets go to a movie Can I borrow your bicycle?/I am taking your bicycle. Long time no see. Give me a call when you are free. Come over this weekend. Dear Bala. . . . . Yours lovingly/love Dear Mr./Miss Yours sincerely,

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Informal letter 101, Parkview Apartments Mythri Colony Madhapur Hyderabad 29th August, 2011 Dear Renu, Thanks for your letter of 23rd July. It seems ages since we met. I have some great news for you. I am not going to tell you what the news is about now. I will tell you when you come down to meet me. I am sure that we will have a great time. I have also invited Lata, Vimala and Kirthi. Please call me and let me know at what time you are coming. Love xxx Match the expressions Situation Expression Someone offers you a cup of tea and you Thank you. accept it. Someone offers you a cup of tea and you No, thank you. dont want it. Returning your book after using it for an You are welcome. hour your friend says Thanks a lot. You meet your teacher on your way to the Good morning, Sir/Maam. morning class. You are introduced to a new foreign How do you do? student who says How do you do? You are leaving your friends house after Thank you very much for the delicious an enjoyable dinner. dinner. Good night. Your friend is going out of the library See you soon. saying he will be back after an hour. You help your teacher with a load of Please dont mention it . books and he/she says Thank you very much. Someone holds the door open for you as Thank you very much for helping me. you enter the classroom with an armload of books.

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Extra challenges Pronunciation problems I) In words like psychology, know and wrong the first letters are silent. Similarly in write, first letter is silent. In robot, the last letter t is silent. In rapport, the last two letters are silent. In the word psychedelic, the first letter is silent. ii) In words like cut, put the middle letter is pronounced in different ways. Also in words like toe, and shoe the last two letters are pronounced in different ways. Idiomatic problems iii) Singular Plural One goose Two geese One mouse Two mice One foot Two feet One man Two men One fish Two fish One species Two species One analysis Two analyses One radius Two radii One syllabus Two syllabi One hypothesis Two hypotheses One potato Two potatoes Expressions like fat chance and slim chance mean the same, they mean no chance. Sometimes the expressions cool and hot which mean excitable can be interchanged. Hobsons choice means no choice. Look over means inspect whereas overlook means to fail to notice. Eg: If you dont look over carefully, you may overlook some details.

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UNIT -2 ON THE CAMPUS A. AT THE LIBRARY I. Guess:

1. Who is Datta? Datta is the librarian. 2. Did Kumar have the facility for browsing in the college where he studied earlier? No. The college in which Kumar studied earlier had no facility for browsing. 3. The shelves where the books are arranged are called stacks 4. Which books are lent only for overnight reading? Textbooks that are not meant for sale are lent only for overnight reading. 5. What is a bibliography? Do you know who a bibliophile is? A list of source materials that are used or consulted in the preparation of a work or are referred in the text is called a bibliography. Bibliophile - a person who loves or collects books. 6. Holdings: the entire collection of books, periodicals, and other learning resources in a library. II. Increase your word power: archives museum aquarium aviary kennel stable gymnasium mint dock fleet constellation bench board company

1. A place where government records are kept: 2. A place where treasures of art, curios etc.: 3. A place where fishes are kept: 4. A place where birds are kept: 5. A place where dogs are sheltered: 6. A place where horses are sheltered: 7. A place where athletic exercises are performed: 8. A place where money is coined: 9. A place where ships are built or repaired: 10. A number of ships: 11. A number of stars grouped together: 12. A number of judges: 13. A number of directors of a company: 14. A number of actors:

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15. A number of artists, dancers: 16. A collection of books: 17. A collection of poems: 18. A collection of flowers:

troupe library anthology bouquet

III. Match the author with the book: 1. Mulk Raj Anand The Coolie 2. Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland 3. Pearl.S.Buck The Good Earth 4. Charles Dickens David Copperfield 5. Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf 6. Karl Marx Das Kapital 7. Gandhi The Story of My Experiments with Truth 8. George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion 9. Rabindranath Tagore Gitanjali 10. George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-four 11. R.K.Narayan The Guide 12. Jawaharlal Nehru The Discovery of India 13. Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea 14. Maxim Gorky The Mother 15. Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations IV. Match the words with its meaning: a. The sources(book/article) from which information is taken (2) 2. Bibliography b. A list in a book saying what the book contains (3) 3. Contents c. A part at the end of a book containing additional information (12) 4. Author index d. The last part of a piece of literature (11) 5. Subject index e. The right in law to be the only producer /seller for a book (1) 6. Acknowledgements f. A list of writings on a subject (10) 7. Footnote g. A short introduction by the author or someone else at the beginning of a book (9) 1. Copyright

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8. Preface

9. Foreword 10. References

11. Epilogue 12. Appendix 13. Dedication 14. Blurb

h. A written explanation at the beginning of a book about why the book was written or what it is about (8) i. The words used in dedicating a book (13) j. A collection of cards giving information alphabetically arranged, about subjects on which books are available (5) k. A short description of a book, printed on its cover (14) l. A note at the bottom of a page in a book (7) m. A note of thanks for all those who assisted the author (6) n. A collection of cards giving information, alphabetically arranged, about authors, whose books are available (4)

V. Do you know: 1. Thrillers: an exciting play /novel/short story filled with suspense, especially a mystery 2. Memoirs: an account of one's personal life and experiences; the published record of the proceedings of a group or organization, as of a learned society. 3. Biographies: a written account of another person's life 4. Best-sellers: a book that is among those having the largest sales during a given period. 5. Fiction: Work based on imagination and not on fact ; a made-up story 6. Journals: a daily record, as of occurrences, experiences, or observations; a periodical or magazine, esp. one published for a special group, learned society, or profession 7. Magazine: a publication that is issued periodically, usually bound in a paper cover, and typically contains essays, stories, poems, etc., by many writers, and often photographs and drawings, frequently specializing in a particular subject or area, as hobbies, news or sports 8. Travelogues: a lecture, slide show, or motion picture describing travels

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9. Romances: a novel or other prose narrative depicting heroic or marvelous deeds, pageantry, romantic exploits, etc., usually in a historical or imaginary setting. 10. Novelettes: a brief novel or a long short story 11. Pot boilers: a mediocre work of literature or art produced merely for financial gain. B. MEETING A FRIEND I. Guess: 1. Are Kumar and Prakash class-fellows? How do you know? Kumar and Prakash are not class-fellows. They are roommates. Prakash introduces his classmate to Kumar. 2. Kumars father had asked him to meet Vinods uncle.Is this statement true? Give reasons for this answer? Kumars father did not ask him to meet Vinods uncle. Kumar was asked to meet his fathers childhood friend at Lake Gardens. 3. When Kumar says that Prakash is just wonderful, Prakash says, Oh! Come on, Kumar. What does come on mean here? Prakash is being modest and does not accept Kumars remark as a compliment. This expression is generally used to stop an inappropriate behaviour; abandon a position or an attitude; be obliging. It is used chiefly in the imperative. II. Patterns of Language: Negative sentence Affirmative sentence Is he coming? Has he arrived Is he leaving now? Formal negative Is he not coming? Has he not arrived? Is he not leaving now? Informal negative Isnt he coming? Hasnt he arrived? Isnt he leaving now?

Was she studying at that Was she not studying at Wasnt she studying at time? that time? that time? Have I told you not to Have I not told you not to Havent I told you not to

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interrupt while I speak? Why has he written yet?

interrupt while I speak?

interrupt while I speak?

Why has he not written Why hasnt he written yet? yet?

Why can he speak to me Why can he not speak to Why cant he speak to me himself? me himself? himself? When was he consulted? When was consulted? he not When wasnt consulted? he

C.MAKING YOUR LANGUAGE WORK I. Rewrite using short forms: Rewrite the dialogue using short forms (affirmative or negative) wherever necessary: Arun: Good afternoon, Mr. Murthy My name is Arun. I would like Id like to to have some information about my employment prospects, and also some advice from you. Arent you Mr. Murthy: I know you. Are you not in the final B.Sc class? First, youd like tell me what you would like to be? ;

Im; Id; I dont Arun: Well, I am not very sure. Perhaps I would prefer the have management line. But I do not have a closed mind. Mr. Murthy: I am glad to hear that. Quite often we do not get what Im ; we dont; cant get ;youve we want. You cannot get into the management line unless you have at least a Diploma in management. Arun: Yes, I know. In fact I have taken the entrance examination for Ive an MBA course and am waiting for the results. In the mean while, Ive could you tell me what other options I have? Mr.M urthy: Hmm. What is your subject? Arun: Polymer science. Mr. Murthy: That is quite promising. Have you heard about the Thats national research Laboratories? Whats

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Arun: Yes, I have. What chance do I have of getting a position in one of them? Mr. Murthy: Well, you cannot get a job there right away but you you cant certainly can take up a research project. Arun: How much stipend will I get? Mr. Murthy: You will get enough to be independent till you complete the project and get a job. you ll

Arun: Can I ask you about the sales line? I wonder however if it itll will suit my temperament. Mr. Murthy: Why, do you not like touring and talking to people? dont you Well, a sales representatives job is not very difficult to get right isnt away. Arun: That is quite encouraging. Thank you. Mr. Murthy. good Thats afternoon.

II. Formal enquiry: Sunil is a second year of B.Sc. he wishes to do part-time computer courses. Here he is making enquires at a private computer institute. The replies that he gets are given. Guess the questions that he asked. Good evening. My name is Sunil. May I know what courses are offered? (may, what courses) We offer Basic, Pascal and some other advanced courses too. Could you please tell which course should I start with? (which, should) You can start with Basic and move on to others. Can I opt for any part-time course? (can, part-time) Yes, you certainly can. In fact all our courses are part-time. Do you have morning or evening sessions? (be, morning, evening sessions) We have both morning and evening sessions. You can join either of them.

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Could you tell me what would be the duration of the course? (what, duration) It depends BASIC is a three month course. The advanced courses are a few months longer. How soon can I learn to make programs? (how soon, can) It depends again. You certainly can learn to make programs in two weeks if not even earlier. Will I be allowed to handle computers? (will) Certainly, you will not only be allowed, youll be asked to handle computers from the third week onwards. Could you please tell me what fees you charge? (What fees, charge) Rs 500/- for BASIC. For the other courses itll be higher. Can I pay in installments. (can, installments) Yes, you can pay in two installments, the first when you join and the second after four weeks. When will the course start? (when, start) In two weeks from now. You can join right away.

III. Express your opinion: Books are man's best friends. My college library is well-stocked with various books. It has books on various topics, subjects and events. It has more than 15,000 books which are well arranged according to each subject. Various textbooks are present on each subject. I have access to browse more than 200 books in each subject. In my opinion, providing different textbooks of various authors will help in gathering adequate information on every topic. It is good to see that my college library also keeps magazines, periodicals, newspapers and journals. It is a treasure-house of knowledge. The library has an open access system. Id say that this system helps students find the required books without wasting much time. Books are issued for a limited period. I

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think that this will motivate students to return the books after reading them without keeping them unnecessarily at home. The library has a separate Reading Room, may be to avoid disturbance and provide the readers with a complete silence zone. If the reader does not return the book on the due date, he has to pay a fine as per the library rules. If a reader loses a book, he has to replace the lost book with a new one or pay the price of the book. The point is that the readers are supposed to keep the books safe and in good condition. C. EXTRA CHALLENGES Abbas K.A. Bobby. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1973. Anand M.R. The Coolie. London: Wishart Company, 1936. Chaudhary N.C. A Passage to England. London: McMillan & Co. Ltd., 1959. Desai A. Cry, the Peacock. London: Peter Owen, 1963. Murthy U.R. Anantha. Samskara: A Rite for a Dead Man. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1970. Naipaul V.S.. A House for Mr. Biswas. London: Andre Deutsch, 1975. Narayan R.K.. The Man Eater of Malgudi. New York: Viking Press, 1961. Premchand Godan: A Novel of Peasant India. Bombay: Jaico Publishing House, 1972. Pillai. T.S.. Chemmeen. Bombay: Jaico Publishing House, 1962. Rao, Raja. The Serpent and the Rope. London: John Murray, 1960. II. Here are some entries from a dictionary. Arrange them in the alphabetical order: Entries from a dictionary Alphabetical order

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Interregnum Melodious Hassle Predecessor Ascent Obsolescent Voracious Accent Interrogation Hashish Manoeuvrable Predecease Veracious Compliment Assent Obsolete Interrogative Mellifluous Complementary manoeuvre

Accent Ascent Assent Complementary Compliment Hashish Hassle Interregnum Interrogation Interrogative Manoeuvrable manoeuvre Mellifluous Melodious Obsolescent Obsolete Predecease Predecessor Veracious Voracious

III. I have misplaced a book and I dont even remember what book it is. Can you ask me ten questions and tell me the name of the book that I have misplaced? 1. Is the book written in English or in some other language? 2. Is it a fiction or non-fiction? 3. Is it a short story anthology or a novel? 4. Where was it published? 5. Do you remember the year of publication? 6. Can you remember the publishers name? 7. Is it a best seller? 8. Is the author an Indian or is the author a foreigner? 9. Is the author one of the founding fathers of Indian English novel? 10. Is the authors name Mulk Raj Anand? The book you are searching for is The Coolie. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. English language Fiction A novel It was published in London It was published in 1936 The publisher is Wishart Company 7. Yes. 8. The author is an Indian. 9. Yes, the author is one of the founding fathers of Indian English novel 10. Yes.

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IV. Rearrange alphabetically, the following entries in the index of a book: Puns, 66 Must, 23 Expansion, 57-58 Quotation marks, 93 Homophones, 56 Due to, 121 Clarity, 15 Semi-colon, 71 All right, 88 Question marks, 114-15 Already, 88 Shaw, Bernard, 15 Colloquialism, 33 Metaphor, 45 Homonyms, 31 Synonyms, 31 All right Already Clarity Colloquialism Due to Expansion Homonyms Homophones Metaphor Must Puns Question marks Quotation marks Semi-colon Shaw, Bernard Synonyms

V.If you build up your own home library, what slogans will you put up? Write at least 5 slogans and explain what you mean by each one. 1. "A house without books is like a room without windows. No man has a right to bring up children without surrounding them with books.... Children learn to read being in the presence of books." - Horace Mann (1796-1859) 2. "If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need." Cicero 3. "Knowing that I loved my books, he furnished me, From mine own library with volumes that I prize above my dukedom." - William Shakespeare (1564-1616),The Tempest 4. "Never lend books, for no one ever returns them; the only books I have in my library are books that other folks have lent me." - Anatole France (1844-1924)

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5. To add a library to a house is to give that house a soul.- Cicero

6. The man who has a library of his own collection is able to contemplate himself objectively, and is justified in believing in his own existence.- Augustine Birrell

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UNIT 3 I Do you know? What is the difference between: A) A hotel and a restaurant-A hotel is an establishment providing accommodation and meals for travelers and tourists, whereas a restaurant is a place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises. B) A canteen and a cafeteria-A canteen is a restaurant in a workplace or an educational establishment and a cafeteria is a self-service restaurant. These differences are not maintained in India. A canteen in an army establishment is a store where army members can purchase goods at a subsidized price. C) A motel is a roadside hotel designed primarily for motorists, typically having the rooms arranged in low blocks with parking directly outside. The word originated in the 1920s and is a blend of motor and hotel. 3. Brunch is a combination of breakfast and lunch and is eaten late in the morning. 4. A buffet party is a party where the dishes are arranged on a table and the guests are expected to serve themselves. 5. Subsidized rates are reduced rates offered to a client where part of the cost is borne by the government or the establishment. 6. When the guests or clients need to serve themselves it is termed self-service. 7. Tiffin is of British Indian origin. It entered the language at the beginning of the 19th century. The English in India borrowed tiffing (taking a little drink or sip), an old English slang. The word is still widely used in India for any hot light meal or snack taken at any time during the day. 8. A la carte is an adjective describing a menu meaning a listing of food that can be ordered as separate items rather than part of a set meal. Menu is a list of dishes available in a restaurant or at a meal.

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9. Boarding is the provision of regular meals in return for payment or services. Lodging means temporary accommodation. Lodgings are rented rooms, usually in the same residence as the owner. 10. Military hotel in south-east Asia signifies a hotel where meat, fish and poultry are served. Word-Power 1. Soup=liquid cooked food containing small pieces of meat, food or vegetables. 2. Dinner=the main meal of the day, eaten either at midday or in the evening. 3. Supper=either a large meal taken in the evening together with other members of the family or a small meal eaten just before one goes to bed. 4. Dish=food prepared in a particular way and served as a meal or part of a meal. 5. Dessert=sweet dish served after the main part of a meal. 6. Desert=a large sandy piece of land. 7. Set lunch=lunch with a fixed menu. 8. Board=the cost of meals 9. Lodging=a place to stay in for a period of time. 10. Inn=a small pub or hotel especially one built many centuries ago. 11. Lodge=a room for the gatekeeper or caretaker of a building 12. Caf=a small restaurant where light meals are served. 13. Kiosk=a small shop in a street where you can buy things such as newspapers through an open window. 14. Bar=a place with a counter where alcoholic drinks are served. 15. Mess (n)=a room in which members of the armed forces eat together. What would you say? 1. You have missed the last bus home. I should have started earlier. 2. You have lent your favourite book to someone-but who? If only I could remember the person to whom I lent the book. 3. You arrived at the cinema to find the film started twenty minutes ago. If only I hadnt been caught in the traffic jam, I could have made it on time. 4. Your new moped has just broken down. Your friend advised you not to buy it. I wish Id listened to my friend. 5. Youve just failed in your driving test. Why didnt I pay more attention to my driving instructor? 6. Youre at a wedding party-but it is utterly boring. Why did I ever come to this party?

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7. You went to a new restaurant-but the food was pretty bad. I wish I hadnt thought of trying out this restaurant. 8. You went to see a new film. This was very disappointing, despite the advertisements. Id better not believe the advertisements from now onwards. 9. Youve failed your monthly test. I wish I hadnt bunked so many classes. 10. Your friend has failed in the monthly test. If only he had studied seriously, he would have passed. 11. Your friends mother is very ill. If only I could help in some way. 12. Your friend wants to borrow your book, but you need it for your exam tomorrow. Im afraid I need it for my exam tomorrow. 13. Your friend wants to borrow your moped or your tape-recorder. Im afraid I need them. 14. Your friend is very ill. Id better visit him and cheer him up. 15. Your friends want to borrow some money from you-but you dont have any to give. If only I had lots of money Id never refuse you. Do you know? Mr. Paul is the sports administrator or the coach of the college. Berth means a place in the team here. We also come across this word when we try to reserve seats in our railways. A kit is a set of instruments or tools that go together and are placed in a bag or box.eg. first aid kit. Here it means the equipment needed to play a certain game. Nets here means practice sessions. It refers to the nets strung across the grounds separating the teams in games like basketball. Intramural tournaments are a series of sports events conducted within an institution or college. House does not mean a building here. House is used here to signify group or team by internal designation. In the realm of politics we speak of the House of the Lords and the House of Commons.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

II 1. The Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games are conducted every four years. 2. The last Olympic Games were conducted in Beijing, China. 3. Zeus is the Greek god associated with the Olympics.

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4. Milkha Singh is associated with hockey, Chand Ram with walking, P.T.Usha with running, Vishwanathan Anand with chess, Bjorn Borg with tennis and Sunil Gavaskar with cricket. 5. Muhammad Ali said Im the greatest 6. Leon Spinks said He is the greatest, Im the latest. III. 1.What is the mascot of the Asian Games? 2. Who is the tennis legend who won a battle with breast cancer? 3. Who emerged as the dominant team in the FIFA world cup ranking? 4. When was the first Olympics held? 5. With what is Grand Prix associated? 6. What is bodyline bowling? 7. What is Ranji Trophy associated with? 8. With what game is soccer closely related? IV. Expressions that have something to do with food. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Icing on the cake=an extra enhancement. Piece of cake=something easy to do. Eat someones salt=to be someones guest. Salt something away=to place something in reserve. In apple pie order=very organized. Upset the apple cart=to mess up or ruin something. A nest egg=an amount of money saved. USAGE: a) Take his boasting with a pinch of salt, Ive never known him to cut the mustard before. b) She may be the apple of her fathers eye but as far as we are concerned, she is the apple of discord. c) He puts all his eggs in one basket but since his ideas sell like hot cakes, I guess he has nothing to worry about. d) Some peoples response to your ideas is as flat as a pancake but when it comes to their own ideas, they simply go bananas.

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V. Sport with words: a) strike out=fail to do something b) beat to the punch=make the first decisive move. c) on/from the sidelines=not participating actively. d) blow by blow=a verbal or written account providing great detail. e) throw ones hat into the ring=enter a contest f) work out=exercise or physical training USAGE: a) Keep your eye on the ball if you want to be a world famous cricketer. b) For people who usually hit below the belt, you need not pull any punches. c) Since she usually swims against the current, she is sure to make a splash. MAKE YOUR LANGUAGE WORK I a) b) c) d) e) II a) b) c) d) e) III a) Id rather you not give me an injection. b) Do you think you can prescribe some sleeping pills, doctor? You should lock your bicycle. You should have followed the doctors order. You should not have copied. You should not have waited up for me. You should not feel bad about it. It must be past its feeding time. It could have got misplaced. It should be lying on my table. It could have been the handiwork of that new gang we are hearing about. He could have got full marks.

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c) d) e) f) g) h)

Would it be alright if I speak to my friend about my problem? I hope you can give me this injection later? I dont think I have brought any money with me. I wonder if I can make a phone call. Could you tell me when I should take this medicine. Would you mind if I talk to my friend? IV. Visiting a book-shop Excuse me, may I have a copy of College Chemistry by Sebastian Joseph? .But I can get a copy from our branch this evening. How much would it cost? Can you give me a discount? Should I give you a 10% discount? It would be Rs.45 then.Shall I pay an advance? No, you neednt. I will keep it ready. If you tell me how much it costs, I may be able to buy it right away. But it costs around Rs.150 and I can get it for you in two days. But I could give you another dictionary. How much will it cost? I will ask my lecturer if it would be useful and tell you this evening. Of course. Shall I pack College Chemistry for you? V. Choosing a job I would rather choose to be a doctor than an airline pilot because though the job pays as much as that of an airline pilot, it has its own perks in the form of job satisfaction and being of use to the society. The working hours may be irregular, but the work load can be adjusted, especially if working with other doctors in a private practice. Holidays and free time would depend upon the individuals priorities rather than that of the organization. Id prefer to be an airline pilot for it is a high paying job with reasonable working hours. It offers opportunities for travelling and exploring new places

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with free time between flights and duty-free shopping. I prefer this job because it has many perks without the stress and uncertainties that go with a doctors job. VI. Which is more persuasive? The description of Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English is more likely to persuade me to buy the dictionary because it is specific in what it offers. It mentions that it is useful to both the teacher and student community and as such would come in helpful for people at different stages of learning. The words throughout, comprehensive etc. project the image of a dictionary which is exhaustive in its coverage. The other description is rambling and requires more time for its message to be absorbed. VII. Fill in the blanks: Michael: Hullo, Peter. Are you coming to the cinema tonight? Peter : No, I cant. I really must get some work done. Michael: Thats a pity. Must you do it tonight? Peter : Im afraid Ive got to. My father says I have got to start working harder. Otherwise, I will have to leave college and work in an office. Michael: How much do you need to do tonight? Peter : Well, I must read at least two chapters of our economics book and then I can finish that essay, you know. Michael: Havent you done that yet? We will have to hand it in tomorrow. Peter : I know. Must you really go to the cinema? Can you stay and help me? Michael: Well, I could if you like, but I need to do my work. MORAL: You have got to learn to work for yourself sooner or later.

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Unit-IV Communicate At the Post Office A. Mailing 1. What is the expansion for PIN code? A. The expansion for PIN code is Postal Index Number. 2. The British equivalent for PIN code is postcode. Do you know the name which is used in the USA? A. The name used in the USA for postcode is zip code. 3. Which will reach quicker? A telegraphic message or a letter by Speed Post? A. Telegraphic message will reach quicker than the Speed Post. 4. What are service stamps used for? What is On I.G.S? A. Service stamps are used for all other transactions other than revenue. On I.G.S. is Indian Government Service. 5. What is V.P.P.? What does V.P.P. stand for? Where are the charges for V.P.P. collected? A. V.P.P. is a postal term by which money is collected at the doorstep and we need not pay the charges beforehand. V.P.P. means Value Payable Post. The charges are collected at the doorstep of the receiver. 6. What is O.C.S.? What does it stand for? A. O.C.S. means On Company Service. It was used during the days of East India Company. 7. What is the American equivalent for post, postbox, by return of post? A. The American equivalent for post is mail, postbox is mailbox and by return of post is by return of mail. 8. In India postal clearance is used. What is the British equivalent for this? A. The British equivalent for postal clearance is collection.

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II. Matching Game 1. By post = by the public mail service 2. Catch the post = try to put a letter or a parcel in a post box or take it to a post office before the next official time for collection 3. Post it up = fix something to a wall, notice board etc so that everyone can see it. 4. Keep someone posted = inform someone about developments in a situation as they occur. 5. A post = a job 6. An overseas posting = a job abroad 7. An observation post = a place from which you carefully watch someone or something. 8. To post a guard = to appoint a person to watch over a person or place, to prevent escape, danger, attack, etc. 9. Post 1947 = after 1947 10. Postdate = to write a date later than the actual date of writing on (a letter, cheque etc) 11. Posterity = (people of) the future 12. Post-mortem = a medical examination of a dead persons body in order to find out the cause of his or her death. 13. Postpone = delay an event happening or arrange for it to take place on a later date than was originally planned 14. Postscript = a message written at the end of a letter after you have signed your name.

B. LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION 1. What is an STD call? What is the difference between an STD call and a trunk call? A. An STD call means Subscriber Trunk Dialling. One can make an STD call without the help of an operator, but to make a trunk call one needs the help of an telephone operator/exchange. 2. The word telegraph can be used to mean send a telegram. 3. What is a telex message? How is it sent? A. A Telex message is a telegram sent by a telex network. This is a network of teleprinters similar to a telephone network.

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4. The telegraph man in the passage suggests some deletions from the original message. Can you write out the original message? A. The original message is I am arriving by Charminar Express on Wednesday. Please meet me at Secunderabad. Mr. Aravind . 5. Which of the following kinds of words can be left out when we prepare a telegraphic message? Tick the groups which can be omitted. (The groups that can be omitted are marked with a star*) a) *Prepositions: words like at, on, for b) *Articles: a/an, the c) *Conjunctions: words like and, but d) *Polite expressions like please, kindly e) Nouns: words like results, report, news f) Main verbs: words like arrive, return, reserve g) *Helping verbs like have, have been, can, must 6. The following message is to be sent telegraphically. What changes will you make before handling in the telegram? A. To Professor Kamal Basha, M.Sc., Ph.d Reader in Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry Rajasthan University Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 PLEASE REFER TO YOUR LETTER DATED THE TWENTIETH OF JUNE 1990. OWING TO UNAVOIDABLE CIRCUMSTANCES THE SEMINAR ON MOLECULAR BIOLOGY HAS BEEN POSTPONED. THE NEW DATES WILL BE INTIMATED TO YOU SHORTLY. A SEPARATE LETTER WILL ALSO FOLLOW THIS TELEGRAM. N.R.MURARI CHAIRMAN, ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Prof Kamal Basha Biochemistry Dept Rajasthan University 302004

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SEMINAR POSTPONED STOP NEW DATES INTIMATED SOON STOP LETTER FOLLOWS STOP NRMURARI CHAIRMAN ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

II. Clip them 1. Telephonephone 2. Bicyclecycle 3. Advertisementad 4. Championchamp 5. Gasolinegas 6. Laboratorylab 7. Examinationexam 8. Photographphoto 9. Airplaneplane 10. Helicoptercopter 11. Handkerchiefkerchief 12. Husbandhubby 13. Kittenkitty 14. Memorandummemo 15. Dormitorydorm III. Enrich your vocabulary 1. A public telephone = a telephone which everyone can use 2. Subscriber = one who pays to receive the telephone service 3. Operator = a person who works at a telephone exchange or at the switchboard of an office or hotel 4. Trunk call = a telephone call to a place which is a long distance away but in the same country 5. Directory = a book that gives peoples names, addresses and telephone numbers 6. Receiver = the part of the telephone that you hold near your ear and speak into 7. Earpiece = the part (of a telephone) that is held up or put close to your ear

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8. Mouthpiece = the part (of a telephone) that you speak into 9. Dial = move the circle on the front/face of a telephone in order to call up/ring someone 10. Push-button = operated by pressing a button or a switch 11. Telex = an international system of sending written messages immediately from one place to another 12. Teleprinter = an electronic printer which prints out messages that it receives from machines in other places 13. Switchboard = the place in a large office or building where all the telephone calls are connected 14. Extensions = telephones that are connected to the switchboard of a company or institution, and that have a special number 15. Exchange = a central office or building where connections are made between telephone lines C. MAKE YOUR LANGUAGE WORK I. Driving License Eligibility: 1. The applicant should be at least 18 on the date of submitting the application. 2. The applicant must be an Indian. In case of others, the applicant must have lived in India for the past four years. 3. There is no stipulation regarding educational qualifications except that he/she should have the ability to read English and regional language. 4. The vision must be normal. 5. The hearing needs to be normal. 6. The applicant must be familiar with road signs and with the relevant clauses of Section 8(1) of Motor Vehicles Act,1959. Procedures: 1. Applicants can apply any time of year, but it should be at least six months after issue of Learners license. 2. Applicants have to address applications to Regional transport Officer/ Regional Licencing Authority. 3. Applicants must use only printed forms issued by the RTO/RLAs office

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4. Applicants should appear for a driving test and an oral examination at a time stipulated by the RTO/RLA regarding road safety rules, traffic signs, etc. and the relevant portions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1959. 5. Applicants may bring their own vehicle for driving test. 6. Applicants need to have the license renewed every five years. Ii. Argument FOR: The telephone is a blessing because it is a faster means of communication. It is useful, especially during an emergency where has to call the fire station, the police, or the hospital, etc. It also enables quick transfer of information and decisions, and is of particular help to industries. It provides a platform for people to have direct interaction. Such interaction reduces misunderstandings. AGAINST: The telephone is a curse because it can make us lazy. It can be used by secret services for tapping. It has a major detrimental impact on letter writing, as people forget the art of letter writing. The other problems include misuse and abuse of telephones, such as making anonymous calls. Moreover, wrong connections can create problems as well. III. Write a letter Dear father, I hope this finds you and mother in good health and cheer. I checked in at the hostel on Friday morning and was allotted a room in the first floor. Each room can take in three persons and when I went in I already found a boy called Bharat waiting to receive me! The third person for our room, Mahidhar, hasnt turned up yet but I hope, when he comes, he will turn out to be as nice as Bharat. The classes have started but have not really picked up momentum yet. In the meanwhile, I signed up for an evening course in journalism. I in fact wanted to take up a computer course, but it seems there is quite a long queue for it and you have to put in an application and wait for months for a seat. I havent been able to call on your friend Mr. Mohandas yet. I thought of looking up him this evening but it is a very cloudy day and it may come down any moment. With all love, Yours affectionately,

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Gautam.

IV. About yourself a. Write a paragraph about some of the things you used to do whenever you visited your village/ town or your friends place during your school days; also mention the things you never used to do. b. Write a paragraph about the things you had to do whenever you were at home during the holidays. A. I used to visit my grandmother during my vacation. My sister and I would get up early in the morning to go on a morning walk to capture the beautiful scenery. We had plenty of things to do after our long walk. We used to help our grandmother in whatever little way we could in the preparation of lunch. After lunch, we used to take a nap and later in the evening, we often used to play with the children nearby. We never used to watch television in those days. Instead we spent time learning new things and exploring the village. B. I always eagerly waited for holidays because my mother used to prepare lots of delicious dishes for us. I had to help her while she prepared these dishes. My father always wanted me to practice my music lessons for a longer time during holidays. So, I had to spend some more time on these lessons. I also had my homework to complete in the stipulated time. However, during evenings, I was free from any kind of work and spent time either playing or reading my favourite books. V. Expand them 1. a. Can you join us for a picnic tomorrow? If so, meet the secretary of the touring club outside the bank. Please do not forget to bring money. b. The road is blocked as a petrol lorry has overturned. The driver is seriously injured. Please send a doctor and an ambulance immediately. c. I found a suitable house. Please send the agreement for a two year lease. In case of any doubt, telephone us. d. I am arriving at the airport at 16:30 tomorrow. Please send a car. I will inform the flight number later.

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2. a. 27 percentage jobs are reserved for backward classes. b. The Iraqi and Kuwaiti dinars will be of equal value soon. c. There was an accident and ten people were killed in the lorry mishap. d. India-Pakistan talks will take place as scheduled. e. Due to severe rains, there is a possibility of partial cancellation of trains.

3. Expand the following greetings telegrams into full sentences 1. Congratulations: I congratulate you on your success 2. Loving greetings: My loving greetings on your birthday 3. Heartiest Diwali greetings: I wish you a very happy and safe Diwali. 4. Many happy returns of the day: My heartiest wishes to you on your birthday 5. Wishing the function every success: I wish your function a grand success

VI. Help us to serve you serve The heart of the telephone transmitter is a small box of carbon grains through which direct-current electricity flows when the telephone is in operation. One side of the box is a thin, flexible diaphragm. The air vibrations of a sound source entering the mouth piece strikes the diaphragm and causes it to vibrate. As the diaphragm vibrates, it produces a varying pressure in the carbon grains. Large vibrations produce more pressure than small ones. When the grains are pushed together their electrical resistance decreases and more electricity will flow in the circuit. As the pressure is decreased, the resistance increases and less electricity will flow. So, the air vibrations striking the diaphragm cause the amount of electricity flowing in the carbon grains to vary in step with them. The telephone receiver contains a magnet upon which are wound some coils of small wire. A small iron disk is supported on, but not touching, the ends of the magnet. The varying electric current from the transmitter causes a similar varying current to flow

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through the coils near the receiver. This current causes the magnetic pull on the disk to vary so that it vibrates in step with the vibrations entering the transmitter. Vibrations from the disk enter the ear and reproduce the original sound.

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UNIT 5 FOR BUSINESS AND PLEASURE 1. HAVE YOU UNDERSTOOD Say whether the following statements are true: Every savings bank account must be operated by at least two persons. (F) For an E or S account every cheque must be signed by both the account holders. (T) For an account without cheque book facilities, the pass book has to be presented every time money is withdrawn. (T) The Teller facility is not available for account-holders without a cheque book. (T) The specimen signatures form must contain the signatures of the accountholder(s) and the Introducer. (F) 2. What is a passbook used for? Who keeps the passbook usually? The bank or the account-holder? A. A passbook is used to enter the transaction details of the account holder. The passbook is kept with the account-holder. 3. E or S is either or survivor. What is meant by B or S and O or S? A. B or S means both or survivor; O or S means Only or Survivor 4. Why are specimen signatures obtained when an account is opened? A. Specimen signatures are required so that the bank personnel can check and tally the signatures on your cheques or your withdrawal forms. 5. You might have seen the following poster in some of the banks: It is fun to bounce a ball. But a cheque that bounces is an offence. When is a cheque said to bounce? A. A cheque would 'bounce' if the bank or place where you paid it detected anything wrong with it eg- date, spelling etc. A cheque may also bounce if the amount in your account is lower than the amount on the cheque. For eg a cheque of Rs. 500 will bounce if you only have Rs. 200 in the bank. If your bank account does not have the money in your account to honour your cheque, your cheque will bounce. 6. What is an overdraft? Is an overdraft an offense? A. Overdraft is a banking term. It occurs when the bank account holder withdraws an amount more than the available balance in the account. The term is also known as Over- Drawing. An overdraft is not an offence if bank officials give permission.

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7. Is money a countable noun or an uncountable noun? A. Money is an uncountable noun. 8. Why are some banks called State Banks?

A. A state bank is generally a financial institution that is chartered by a state. It differs from a reserve bank in that it does not necessarily control monetary policy. Indeed, the state in question may have no legal capacity to create monetary policy, but instead usually offers only retail and commercial services.

II Do you know? Match the currency with its country. Currency 1. Pound sterling 2. Dollar 3. Franc 4. Rouble 5. Rupee 6. Mark 7. Yen 8. Dinar 9. Lira 10. peso Kong Country a. U S S R b. India, Pakistan , Sri Lanka c. Germany d. Japan e. Italy f. Iraq g. UK, Australia, New Zealand h. Latin American countries i. France, Belgium, Switzerland j. USA, Canada, Singapore, Hong

(g) (j) (i) (a) (b) (c) (d) (f) (e) (h)

III Money Matters. Fill in the blanks below with suitable words chosen from the following list. a. Investment b. teller c. legal tender d. negotiable e. ledger f. posting g. accrue h. fluctuation i. transaction j. mature k. par l. payee m. bearer n. entry o. embezzlement 1. When stock market rates change too frequently we say there is a fluctuation in stock market rates. 2. Someone has committed embezzlement when he has used public money illegally for his own purposes. 3. When we say that the currency of one country is on par with that of another, we mean their currency values are equal.

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4. You make an investment when you pay money into a bank or buy shares with it, so that you will receive a profit. 5. A transaction is a piece of business or other activity carried out by two or more persons, e.g. encashing a cheque in a bank. 6. Legal tender is money, especially a particular coin which is officially part of a countrys currency at a particular time. 7. Securities that are negotiable can be transferred to another person in exchange for money. 8. The bearer of a cheque is the person who has it in his/her possession. 9. An R.D. account is said to mature when it gradually increases in amount over a period of time. 10. A ledger is a book in which a bank writes down the amounts of money it pays and those it receives. 11. A bank clerk makes a posting or an entry in a ledger when he writes in it a payment that has been made or an amount that has been received. 12. A teller is a cashier in a bank who can pay cheques immediately. 13. The payee of a cheque is the person who is to be given the money. IV What are the various meanings of the following words? Capital, interest, deposit, profit, asset, security, reserves. Capital: Capital city, the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status, usually but not always the seat of the government Capital (economics), a factor of production that is not wanted for itself but for its ability to help in producing other goods Capital (architecture), the crowning member of a column or a pilaster Capital letter, an upper-case letter in a writing system Five Capitals, a model of sustainable development developed by the organization Forum for the Future Interest: (like) The boy is interested in Mathematics. It was a very interesting movie. (appealing) I accrued a lot of interest on my investment in shares. (gained)

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Deposit: I told my son to deposit Rs. 5000/- in his account. (put in) The boy was playing with the mud deposited on the bank. Profit: He profited by the rise in shares. (gained) You have to pay income tax on your profits. (earnings) Asset: Nalini was an asset to her drawing class. (plus point) Her beauty was her asset. (positive feature) Security: Web security has become an issue of concern. (safety) Someone should give you security on your loan. (guarantee) The security is waiting outside. (bodyguard)

(accumulated)

Reserves: Luckily, the companys reserves are refilled. (treasury) (funds) The industrialist is trying to get some reserves. He has saved enough, so he can fall back on his reserves in case of need. (assets)

Can you guess 1. What are the elements of a good film? List them in phrases consisting of two words. Use articles wherever necessary. A. o A well-constructed plot. o Melodious songs o A good star-cast o A renowned director 2. What is a box-office hit? Are good films always box-office hits? A. The movie which generates profit is a box-office hit. No. 3. Why is the world of cinema called the celluloid world? A. Because the film used for making cinema is made of celluloid.

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4. Name as many people as you can who are associated with the making of a film. A. Actors/actresses, director, producer, financiers, cameramen, production managers, editors, graphics designers, sound engineers, playback singers, dubbing artistes, musicians, makeup artistes, costume designers, set designers and carpenters etc. 5. What is the word which means the first showing or performance of a film? A. Premiere show. 6. What is a preview of a film? Why is it arranged? A. An advance showing, as of a movie or art exhibition, to which a selected audience is invited before public presentation begins. It is to acquire distribution agents to distribute the film and theatre representatives to book the theatres. 7. What is a take? A. A single continuous recorded performance of a scene. 8. What is the difference between a dubbing and a remake ? A. Dubbing is the technique of combining multiple sound components into one and automatic dialog replacement of a new language. Remake, as the word suggests, is the making of a film in another language or a newer edition in the same language again. Here, the whole film is made again. Make your language work Applying for a scholarship Neeraja: How many kinds of scholarships does our college offer? Clerk: There are two kinds of scholarships. The first is a state government scholarship. Neeraja: Who are eligible for this scholarship? Clerk: Its given to children of state government servants. Its a full fee concession. Neeraja: what is the other scholarship? Clerk: Its a national scholarship. Neeraja: Does this scholarship also provide fee concession? Clerk: No, its a scheme of monthly financial assistance. Neeraja: What is the amount given? Clerk: Its Rs. 100/- a month for the whol course. Neeraja: How can we claim this scholarship? Merit or means. Clerk: Its awarded on the basis of both. Its for the students who have scored more than 75% in the last public examinations and whose parents income does not exceed Rs. 30,000/- a year.

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Neeraja: When should the completed applications be submitted? Clerk: They should be made before 31 August. Neeraja: How many students can avail of the scholarships? Clerk: There are four for degree class students and four for poast graduate students. Neeraja: Where are the selections made? Clerk: The selections are made here at the college by the Prinicipal. Neeraja: When will the selections take place? Clerk: They will be known by the end of September. II Rewrite 2. The amount of monthly installment and the number of installments payable should be stipulated at the time of opening the account. 3. Deposits can be made by the way of cash or by mail transfer from another office of the bank. 4. Installments for any calendar month should be paid on or before the last working day of the month. 5. Each depositor will be supplied with a pass book. 6. Repayment of the deposit will not be made without the production of the pass book. 7. A Recurring Deposit account can be transferred from one office of the bank to another. 8. The balance in the account together with the interest accrued will be paid by the bank one month after you pay the last installment. III Writing a review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. The first half should have been fast paced. The sentiments of the hero could have been expressed in a refined way. The heroine should have been livelier. The dialogues in the film could have been more realistic. The terms used in the court room should have been authentic. The minor characters could have contributed to the action of the story. The story should have been realistic. The photography could have been better.

D. Extra Challenges I. Slogans for the bank.

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Your profit is our profit You can count on us for your financial gain. Smart money Invest with confidence Your interest is our priority

II can you write a wedding invitation? Mr. and Mrs. Sagar Mal Gupta Request the pleasure of your company On the marriage of their daughter Latha with Prem Kumar on April 1 at 12:00 noon at the Town Hall and afterwards at Hotel Sarover is the Lunch RSVP RSVP is a French phrase which stands for rpondez, s'il vous plait. It means Please reply. III Giving directions 1. Go straight from the railway station and take the third left. You will find the Town Hall next to the public gardens on your right side. If you walk further down, you will come to a main road. Take a left there and you come to a square and a street, The High Street. Go down the street and you will come to Kings Way. Take a right there and you will come to a junction, and you will find Hotel Sarover on the left. 2. You have to take the bus station road till you reach a junction where Hotel Sarover is and then go down the Kings Way. If you have any doubt you can ask the shop keepers or the passersby. Take the first left in Kings way and you will come to The High Street. Take the first left, and again the first left and you will reach the main road. Take the first right and you will find the Town Hall on your left. IV Informal invitations

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a. I am going to watch Robot in IMAX on Sunday at 11:30 am. Come along and bring some friends and let us enjoy. b. We are organising a picnic to Gandipet on Sunday, 13 th October. It is a daylong event. We will provide all that you need there. Just bring yourselves along. c. My family is going to my farmhouse in Chevella for the weekend. There is a fair at the famous Ganapathi temple in Chevella. You are invited to come along with your family members. V Refusing an invitation a) Thats very kind of you, but Ive already promised to visit my aunt on that day. b) I am very sorry. Id love to come to the picnic, but Ive a test on the following day. c) Thanks all the same, but I am afraid my sons exams are nearing.

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UNIT 6 Section A I. 1. you had 2. I would 3. I had 4. I had 5. you would 6. there is

II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

i c h e d a j f b g

Section C I. 1. Are 2. May 3. Are 4. How 5. Would 6. Is 7. Are 8. Can 9. Does 10. May 11. Are

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12. Is II. 1. 2. 3. 4. Roberts wife No I will In a situation where someone (mother/host/etc) asks one a question such as Shall I serve some more curry?, one can respond in either way depending on whether they want more curry or not. 5. Woman. She says her husband loves her cooking. 6. No, even men should cook. If everyone in the family knows how to cook, either the husband or the wife can cook depending on how busy the other person is. III. 2. a. to get into trouble b. to involve oneself in a difficult, confused, or dangerous situation c. to do or say something in order to make people stop arguing and become calmer d. calm exterior e. to manage to survive, especially financially. f. spend lavishly g. discourage h. past i. urinate j. to reduce or temper the force or effectiveness k. to feel awkward because you are not familiar with a situation or because you are very different from the people around you IV. 1. Who was the first woman to walk in space? 2. The deficiency of which vitamin causes continuous bleeding on injury in a human body? 3. What do you call the study of old age? 4. How many satellites does the planet Mercury have? 5. What causes Mumps? 6. Where was Adi Shankaracharya born? 7. Which year is declared as the International Year of the Youth by the UNO?

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8. Which city was part of the dowry presented to Charles II? 9. Who was impeached in England for his actions in India? 10. What happens when we go to a higher altitude? 11. How is the Indian President elected? 12. Who made the first attempt at printing in England? 13. What is Bombay High? 14. What is meant by myopia? 15. What is the most common answer given by students? V. 1. 1. You may. 2. I might. 3. I may 4. I might. 5. Can I be of some help? 2. 1. The players will, of course, give it their best shot, and we may even win a few medals. But, frankly, we can only win Bronze medals. 2. Indians are fond of cricket as they can relate to the game. In future, they may shift their allegiance to football. But they will continue liking cricket as long as our team wins matches. 3. We can make it to the top in these games if the common man can afford these sports. In future, facilities might be subsidized by the government, and more people may follow and play these sports. As long as the status quo continues, we will not make it to the top in international tourneys. 4. We can say that. In fact, you may say that they have no sense of fair itself. As long as Indians behave in the way they are currently doing, they will have to bear such accusations.

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