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Cataract surgery separates the cataract from the Iens capsuIe. Cataract surgery is generally performed with minimal sedation and generally takes less than 30 minutes. Intracapsular cataract surgery is used mainly for very advanced cataracts.
Cataract surgery separates the cataract from the Iens capsuIe. Cataract surgery is generally performed with minimal sedation and generally takes less than 30 minutes. Intracapsular cataract surgery is used mainly for very advanced cataracts.
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Cataract surgery separates the cataract from the Iens capsuIe. Cataract surgery is generally performed with minimal sedation and generally takes less than 30 minutes. Intracapsular cataract surgery is used mainly for very advanced cataracts.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате DOCX, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
AccordIng to WHD defInItIon: "Cataract Is cIoudIng of the Iens of
the eye whIch Impedes the passage of IIght. A cataract is a painIess.
other types of cataract? Secondary cataract. Cataracts can form after surgery for other eye problems, 2 %raumatic cataract. Cataracts can develop after an eye injury, sometimes years later 3 ongenital cataract. Some babies are born with cataracts or develop in childhood, often in both eyes 4 adiation cataract. Cataracts can develop after exposure to some types of radiation symptoms of cataracts? Cloudy or blurry vision Colors seem faded Glare Headlights, lamps, or sunlight may appear too bright A halo may appear around lights Poor night vision Double vision or multiple images in one eye These symptoms also can be a sign of other eye problems If you have any of these symptoms, check with your eye care professional
Cataract surgery separates the cataract from the Iens capsuIe. In most cases, the Iens wiII be repIaced with an intraocuIar Iens impIant (IOL). Cataract surgery is generally performed with minimal sedation and generally takes less than 30 minutes. There are three basic techniques for cataract surgery: 1. PhacoemuIsification: cataract surgery can usually be performed in less than 30 minutes AND numbing eye drops, no stitches to close the wound, no eye patch after surgery.
2. ExtracapsuIar cataract surgery: This procedure is used mainly for very advanced cataracts where the lens is too dense to dissolve into fragments (phacoemulsify). 3. IntracapsuIar cataract surgery: This surgical technique requires an even larger wound than extracapsular surgery. What happens before surgery?
O A week or two before surgery, your doctor will do some tests O You may be asked not to eat or drink anything 2 hours before your surgery
What happens during surgery?
O At the hospital or eye clinic, drops will be put into your eye to dilate the pupil O The operation usually lasts less than one hour and is almost painless O If you are awake, you will have an anesthetic O After the operation, a patch may be placed over your eye
What happens after surgery?
O Itching and mild discomfort are normal after cataract surgery O For a few days after surgery, your doctor may ask you to use eyedrops O Avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye O When you are home, try not to bend from the waist to pick up objects on the floor O Do not lift any heavy objects You can walk, climb stairs, and do light household chores O In most cases, healing will be complete within eight weeks
Are there other types of cataract? Yes Although most cataracts are related to aging, there are other types of cataract: 5 Secondary cataract. Cataracts can form after surgery for other eye problems, 6 %raumatic cataract. Cataracts can develop after an eye injury, sometimes years later 7 ongenital cataract. Some babies are born with cataracts or develop in childhood, often in both eyes 8 adiation cataract. Cataracts can develop after exposure to some types of radiation What are the symptoms of cataracts? Cloudy or blurry vision Colors seem faded Glare Headlights, lamps, or sunlight may appear too bright A halo may appear around lights Poor night vision Double vision or multiple images in one eye These symptoms also can be a sign of other eye problems If you have any of these symptoms, check with your eye care professional O What happens before surgery? O A week or two before surgery, your doctor will do some tests These tests may include measuring the curve of the cornea and the size and shape of your eye This information helps your doctor choose the right type of IOL O You may be asked not to eat or drink anything 2 hours before your surgery O What happens during surgery? O At the hospital or eye clinic, drops will be put into your eye to dilate the pupil The area around your eye will be washed and cleansed O The operation usually lasts less than one hour and is almost painless Many people choose to stay awake during surgery Others may need to be put to sleep for a short time O If you are awake, you will have an anesthetic to numb the nerves in and around your eye O After the operation, a patch may be placed over your eye
O What happens after surgery? O Itching and mild discomfort are normal after cataract surgery Some fluid discharge is also common Your eye may be sensitive to light and touch O For a few days after surgery, your doctor may ask you to use eyedrops to help healing and decrease the risk of infection Avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye O When you are home, try not to bend from the waist to pick up objects on the floor Do not lift any heavy objects You can walk, climb stairs, and do light household chores O In most cases, healing will be complete within eight weeks Your doctor will schedule exams to check on your progress at sould I do after surgery? O It is important not to squeeze your eye the first couple of days after surgery O No bandages are required so the patient walks out of the operating room by his own means even though vision will be blurry for 2 or 3 days O Eyedrops will be prescribed for 2 to 3 weeks O Two weeks after surgery you will be able to perform any activity without risk NURSING MANAGEMENT 8ecause surgery ls performed on an ouLpaLlenLs basls O lnsLrucL paLlenL Lo make arrangemenLs for LransporLaLlon home care LhaL evenlng and a followup vlslL Lo Lhe surgeon Lhe nexL day O AdmlnlsLer dllaLlng drops every 10 mlnuLes for four doses aL leasL 1 hour before surgery O AnLlbloLlc corLlcosLerold and nSAlu drops may be admlnlsLered prophylacLlcally Lo prevenL posLoperaLlve lnfecLlon and lnflammaLlon O lnsLrucL paLlenL Lo wear a proLecLlve eye paLch for 24 hours afLer surgery Lo prevenL accldenLal rubblng or poklng of Lhe eye O AfLer 24 hours eyeglasses (sunglasses ln brlghL llghL) should be worn durlng Lhe day and a meLal shleld worn aL nlghL for 1 Lo 4 weeks O rovlde posLoperaLlve dlscharge Leachlng concernlng eye medlcaLlons cleanslng and proLecLlon acLlvlLy level and resLrlcLlons dleL paln conLrol poslLlonlng O lnsLrucL paLlenL Lo resLrlcL bendlng and llfLlng heavy ob[ecLs O CauLlon paLlenL LhaL vlslon may blur for several days Lo weeks O lnform paLlenL LhaL vlslon gradually lmproves as Lhe eye heals
What is a cataract? A cataract is a painIess, cIoudy area in the Iens of the eye. The Iens is encIosed in a Iining caIIed the Iens capsuIe. Cataract surgery separates the cataract from the Iens capsuIe. In most cases, the Iens wiII be repIaced with an intraocuIar Iens impIant (IOL). If an IOL cannot be used, contact Ienses or eyegIasses must be worn to compensate for the Iack of a naturaI Iens. Cataracts occur when the natural clear lens inside the eye, located behind the iris, becomes cloudy over time. This lens is important for focusing light on the back of the eye (the retina) so that images appear clear and without distortion, and the clouding of this lens during cataract formation distorts our vision. Cataracts are usually a very gradual process of normal aging but can occasionally develop rapidly. They commonly affect both eyes, but it is not uncommon for a cataract in one eye to advance more rapidly. Cataracts are very common, affecting roughly 60% of people over the age of 60, and over 1.5 million cataract surgeries are performed in the United States each year. . Rarely, cataracts can present at birth or in early childhood as a result of hereditary enzyme defects. Severe trauma to the eye, eye surgery, or intraocular inflammation can also cause cataracts to develop more rapidly. Other factors that may lead to development of cataracts at an earlier age include excessive ultraviolet light exposure, diabetes, smoking, or the use of certain medications, such as oral, topical, or inhaled steroids. Other medications that are more weakly associated with cataracts include the long-term use of statins andphenothiazines. What are the symptoms of cataracts? Cataract development is often equated to looking through a dirty windshield of a car or smearing grease over the lens of a camera. Cataracts may cause a variety of complaints and visual changes, including blurred vision, difficulty with glare (often with bright sun or automobile headlights while driving at night), dull color vision, increased nearsightedness accompanied by frequent changes in eyeglass prescription, and occasionally double vision in one eye. A change in glasses may help initially once vision begins to change from a cataract; however, as the cataract continues to grow, vision becomes cloudy, and stronger glasses or contact lenses will no longer improve sight. The abnormal lens can be seen using a variety of specialized viewing instruments. Using a variety of tests, your doctor is able to tell how much a cataract may be affecting your vision. Usual eye tests include testing visual acuity, glare sensitivity, color vision, contrast sensitivity, and a thorough examination of all other parts of the eye. The development of cataracts is unpredictable; some cataracts remain small and never progress to the point where they affect vision and require treatment, while others progress more quickly. Who is a candidate for cataract surgery? Surgery is recommended for most individuals who have vision loss and are symptomatic from a cataract. Cataract surgery is generally performed with minimal sedation and generally takes less than 30 minutes. Therefore the surgery does not put significant strain on the heart or the lungs. What are the different types of cataract surgery? SURGICAL MANAGEMENT here are three basic techniques for cataract surgery: 1. PhacoemuIsification: This is the most common form of cataract removal. n this most modern method, cataract surgery can usually be performed in less than 30 minutes and usually requires only minimal sedation and numbing eye drops, no stitches to close the wound, and no eye patch after surgery.
2. ExtracapsuIar cataract surgery: This procedure is used mainly for very advanced cataracts where the lens is too dense to dissolve into fragments (phacoemulsify). This technique requires a larger incision so that the cataract can be removed in one piece without being fragmented inside the eye.. This surgical technique requires a various number of sutures to close the larger wound, and visual recovery is often slower. Extracapsular cataract extraction usually requires an injection of numbing medication around the eye and an eye patch after surgery.
3. IntracapsuIar cataract surgery: This surgical technique requires an even larger wound than extracapsular surgery, and the surgeon removes the entire lens and the surrounding capsule together. This technique requires the intraocular lens to be placed in a different location, in front of the iris. This method is rarely used today but can be still be useful in cases of significant trauma. What shouId one expect prior to and on the day of cataract surgery? t is important to remember to follow all of your preoperative instructions, which will usually include O not eating or drinking anything after midnight the day prior to your surgery. O As cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure, arrangements should be made with family or friends to transport you home after the surgery is complete . O Most cataract surgery is done with only minimal anesthesia and numbing drops without having to put you to sleep. . While cataract surgery does not involve a significant amount of pain, medications are used to minimize the amount of discomfort. The actual removal of the clouded lens will take approximately 20 minutes. You may notice the sensation of pressure from the various instruments used during the procedure. After leaving the operating room, you will be brought to a recovery room where your doctor will prescribe several eye drops that you will need to take for a few weeks postoperatively. While you may notice some discomfort, most patients do not experience significant pain following surgery; if you do you experience decreasing vision or significant pain, you should contact your ophthalmologist immediately. What shouId one expect after the cataract surgery? Following surgery, you will need to return for visits within the first few days and again within the first few weeks after surgery. During this time period, you will be using several eye drops which help protect against infection and inflammation. Within several days, most people notice that their vision is improving and that they are able to return to work. During the several office visits that follow, your doctor will monitor for complications, and once vision has stabilized, will fit you with glasses if needed. What are potentiaI compIications of cataract surgery? The most common difficulties arising after surgery are persistent inflammation, changes in eye pressure, infection, or swelling of the retina at the back of the eye, and retinal detachment intraocular lens moves or does not function properly and may need to be repositioned, exchanged, or removed. There can be loss of vision, bleeding, double vision and infection Inflammation and fluctuating eye pressure can be a side effect of this surgery as well
Secondary cataracts are cataracts that develop years after cataracts surgery It is a condition that clouds the back of the lens capsule This is part of the lens that wasn't removed during the first surgery and that supports the lens implant (IOL) This condition can also be called 'aftercataracts' and posterior capsule opafication
. Cataracts At A Glance O Early symptoms of cataracts include blurred vision, glare, and difficulty reading. O Cataracts will affect most people and become more prominent as we age. O Cataracts can be diagnosed when the doctor examines the eyes with specialized viewing instruments. O The decision to proceed with surgery is primarily based on the amount of difficulty you have performing your routine daily activities. O Treatment for cataracts is surgical removal of the cataract with implantation of an artificial lens. O There are a variety of intraocular lens types that can restore vision in different ways. at sould I do after surgery? O It is important not to squeeze your eye the first couple of days after surgery O No bandages are required so the patient walks out of the operating room by his own means even though vision will be blurry for 2 or 3 days O Eyedrops will be prescribed for 2 to 3 weeks O Two weeks after surgery you will be able to perform any activity without risk Posterior CapsuIe Opacity - A Common Cataract Surgery CompIication One of the most common cataract surgery complications is a posterior capsule opacity (also called posterior capsule opacification or PCO). Although some people call PCO a "secondary cataract," it really is not a cataract. Once a cataract is removed, it does not come back. During cataract surgery, your surgeon will remove the cloudy natural lens of your eye (cataract) and replace it with an intraocuIar Iens (OL). Much of the thin clear membrane that surrounds the natural Iens (called the lens capsule) is left intact during surgery and the OL usually is implanted within it.
Some complications can be treated and vision loss reversed, but others cannot. Potential complications that may occur with cataract surgery include: O nfection in the eye (endophthalmitis). O Swelling and fluid in the center of the nerve layer (cystoid macular edema). O Swelling of the clear covering of the eye (corneal edema). O Bleeding in the front of the eye (hyphema). O Bursting (rupture) of the capsule and loss of fluid (vitreous gel) in the eye. O Detachment of the nerve layer at the back of the eye (retinal detachment).
NURSING MANAGEMENT 8ecause surgery ls performed on an ouLpaLlenLs basls O lnsLrucL paLlenL Lo make arrangemenLs for LransporLaLlon home care LhaL evenlng and a followup vlslL Lo Lhe surgeon Lhe nexL day O WlLhhold any anLlcoagulanLs Lhe paLlenL ls recelvlng lf medlcally approprlaLe Asplrln should be wlLhheld for 3 Lo 7 days nonsLeroldal anLllnflammaLory drugs (nSAlus) for 3 Lo 3 days and warfarln (Coumadln) unLll Lhe proLhrombln Llme of 13 ls almosL reached O AdmlnlsLer dllaLlng drops every 10 mlnuLes for four doses aL leasL 1 hour before surgery O AnLlbloLlc corLlcosLerold and nSAlu drops may be admlnlsLered prophylacLlcally Lo prevenL posLoperaLlve lnfecLlon and lnflammaLlon O lnsLrucL paLlenL Lo wear a proLecLlve eye paLch for 24 hours afLer surgery Lo prevenL accldenLal rubblng or poklng of Lhe eye AfLer 24 hours eyeglasses (sunglasses ln brlghL llghL) should be worn durlng Lhe day and a meLal shleld worn aL nlghL for 1 Lo 4 weeks O rovlde posLoperaLlve dlscharge Leachlng concernlng eye medlcaLlons cleanslng and proLecLlon acLlvlLy level and resLrlcLlons dleL paln conLrol poslLlonlng O lnsLrucL paLlenL Lo resLrlcL bendlng and llfLlng heavy ob[ecLs O CauLlon paLlenL LhaL vlslon may blur for several days Lo weeks O lnform paLlenL LhaL vlslon gradually lmproves as Lhe eye heals
Cataracts are classified by the cause: O Senile cataracts develop in elderly people O Congenital cataracts occur in neonates from inborn errors of metabolism or O from maternal rubella infection during the first trimester O Complicated cataracts occur secondary to uveitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, or retinal detachment O Toxic cataracts result from drug or chemical toxicity with prednisone, Interventions NursingCarePIans ForCataract
O Postoperatively, monitor the patient until he recovers from the effects of the anesthetic. O Keep the side rails of the bed up, monitor vital signs, and assist him with early ambulation. O Apply an eye shield or eye patch postoperatively as ordered O Communication enhancement: Visual deficit; Activity therapy; Cognitive stimulation; Environmental management; Fall prevention; Surveillance: Safety
Nursing Care PIans For Cataract Home HeaIth:
O Caution him to avoid activities that increase intraocular pressure, such as straining with coughing, bowel movements, or lifting O Clients fitted with cataract eyeglasses. The eyeglasses should be first used when the patient is seated, until the patient adjusts to the distortion. O nstruct the client to look through the center of the corrective lenses and to turn the head, rather than only the eyes, when looking to the side. O Teach the patient or family member how to instill ophthalmic ointment or drops.