2 Plateia 2011 ENG Layout

LAYOUT
Users Manual PLATEIA 2011 FERROVIA 2011 AQUATERRA 2011
Innovative IT and Environmental Technologies, d.o.o.
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Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1. About LAYOUT Module ........................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Coordinate System .................................................................................................................. 6 1.3. Menu Commands with Short Descriptions .............................................................................. 7 1.4. Layers ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Selecting Points in the Layout Plan .......................................................................................... 9 1.6. Data Transfer from Electronic Surveying Instruments .............................................................. 9 1.7. Using Scanned Plans in the LAYOUT Module ........................................................................... 9 1.8. Linking LAYOUT Module Data to AutoCAD MAP ................................................................... 10 2. Command descriptions of the Layout module ............................................................................ 12 2.1. 11A - Project ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.2. 11B - Scale ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.3. 11C - Data Transformations .................................................................................................. 16 2.4. 11D - Survey Calculations...................................................................................................... 21 2.5. 11E - Point-Types .................................................................................................................. 28 2.6. 11F - Points ........................................................................................................................... 36 2.7. 11G - Edit Points ................................................................................................................... 50 2.8. 11H - Connection-Types ........................................................................................................ 59 2.9. 11I - Connections .................................................................................................................. 63 2.10. 11J - Edit Connections ........................................................................................................ 67 2.11. 11K - Break-lines and 3D ..................................................................................................... 71 2.12. 11M - Symbol Libraries ....................................................................................................... 81 2.13. 11N - Cut/Fill Hatches.......................................................................................................... 84 2.14. 11O - Draw ......................................................................................................................... 88 2.15. 11P - Output ....................................................................................................................... 95 2.16. 11Q - List of Elements ....................................................................................................... 106 2.17. 11R - Output, Parcels ........................................................................................................ 110 2.18. 11S - Calculate volumes with prism method ..................................................................... 118 2.19. 11T - Interpolations........................................................................................................... 125 2.20. 11U - Tools........................................................................................................................ 134
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1. Introduction
1.1. About LAYOUT Module
LAYOUT is the CGS plus module for producing layout plans, in scales ranging from 1:100 to 1:10,000. These plans can be used as a basis for designing roads, watercourses and other civil engineering objects with other modules. The basis for the creation of layout plans are survey points, acquired from surveying instruments. Besides points, Layout module can also read point connections, entered into the surveying instrument. Survey plans, created with CGS plus programs, can be combined with scanned plans (calibrated with the coordinate system) as well as with vectorized and digitized plans. In addition, Layout module can also process survey plans, created in other programs. Survey plans contain various graphical elements. The following is a short list of the most important ones: Survey points, Survey point connections, Topographical (and other) symbols, Digital terrain models (DTM), Parcels, Signs.
Figure: Example of a well thought-out survey plan.
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Individual graphical elements can be connected with so called "reactors" (dynamic links). Reactors are responsible for updating a specific graphical element as soon as another element that is linked to the first one is modified. For example, if you move a survey point, the appropriate connection moves automatically. CGS plus survey plans are "intelligent", meaning that besides containing only geometrical data they also contain other data, like attributes. An intelligent drawing acts as a database from which any kind of data of interest can be extracted. This data can then be displayed graphically or numerically in output text files.
1.2.
Coordinate System
CGS plus programs uses the Gauss-Krger coordinate system where the geodetic X coordinate points toward the north and the geodetic Y coordinate towards the east. Namely, with the AutoCADs coordinate system the X coordinate points toward the east and the Y coordinate toward the north. This is why we decided to use only coordinates North and East in CGS plus programs, not X and Y. X and Y coordinates in this manual refer to AutoCAD coordinates.
Figure: AutoCAD coordinate system vs. geodetic coordinate system.
Legend: AutoCADs X coordinate = geodetic Y coordinate = East AutoCADs Y coordinate = geodetic X coordinate = North
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1.3.

Menu Commands with Short Descriptions

A - SET PROJECT Manage projects, project files and define system variables. B - SCALE Set the output scale of the plan and change the scale of the plan. C - Data Transformations Transform files into the XYZ format and convert data from surveying instruments. D - Survey Calculations Calculate detail points and points in sections. E - Point-Types Define your own point types with an arbitrary geometry and user-defined attributes. F - Points Enter survey points. G - Edit Points Edit /lookup points, edit point attributes: move, rotate, show/hide. H - Connection-Types Define your own point connection types with an arbitrary geometry and user-defined attributes. I - Connections Enter point connections and edit or search for basic connection characteristics. J - Edit Connections Edit/lookup connections, edit connection attributes: move, rotate, show/hide K - Break-lines and 3D Enter break lines and lift/drop the drawing. M - Symbol Libraries Insert point symbols from two different libraries into the drawing. N - Cut/Fill Hatches Fill cuts and fills with hatches / remove hatches from cuts/fills. O - Draw Draw layout elements, crosses and objects. P - Output Extract plan data (stakeout, parcels) into text files. Q - List of elements Define, extract point or longitudinal elements. R - Parcels Define and edit parcels S - Calculate volumes with prism method Calculate volumes with prism method T - Interpolations Interpolate heights between two or three points. U - Tools Helpful tools for the creation of survey plans. Y - Layout Help Layout help.
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1.4.
Layers
Below is a list of layers, the LAYOUT Module uses for the output of survey plan elements. All layers are switched on by the appropriate functions in real-time. Layers used by the LAYOUT module all have a "10_" prefix, so they cannot be confused with layers of other program modules. However, you can also define your own layers with the appropriate AutoCAD commands. Layers used by the LAYOUT module are as follows:
Layer name 10_TRAV_POINTS 10_DETA_POINTS 10_TP_LABELS 10_DP_LABELS 10_TP_ELEV 10_DP_ELEV 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CROSSES 10_CONTOURS 10_TIN_MESH 10_GRID_MESH 10_TGRID_MESH 10_INTERPOLATIONS 10_CONSTR_LINES 10_SYMBOLS_TOP 10_SYMBOLS_CAD 10_PARCELS 10_3D_BREAK_LINES 10_CUT, 10_FILL 10_3D_BREAK_LINES_ERRORS 10_ORTHO_POINTS 10_ORTHO_LINES 10_ORTHO_TEXT Layer description traverse points detail points traverse point labels/numbers detail point labels/numbers traverse point elevations detail point elevations point connections decimal grid contours triangular DTM mesh GRID DTM mesh TGRID DTM mesh interpolation elements construction lines symbols for topographical blocks symbols for cadastral blocks parcels 3D break lines (drawn as 3D PLINE elements) cut/fill boundaries, hatches and colors. errors generating break lines (command 11K3). points generated by 11F6 command. lines generated by 11F6 command. text generated by 11F6 command.
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1.5.
Selecting Points in the Layout Plan
The LAYOUT module draws points as blocks with attributes (AutoCADs Block Reference elements). As you are not limited to use only standard traverse and detail points (and their respective geometry), you have to consider the following when defining new point types: When asking for a point, the LAYOUT module starts AutoCADs Getpoint command. This means that the program expects the input of a point not the selection of an element (an element is usually selected with the Select Object command). As standard traverse and detail points are drawn with small circles, every time the LAYOUT module asks for a point, it automatically switches the Center option on. There is no problem as long as the point contains a circle. Yet, as soon as you are trying to select a point, not containing a circle, this procedure fails. Therefore, if you need to select a point with a different geometry, you first have to switch on the appropriate osnap function (e.g. Insert, Intersection, etc.). This way you can easily select standard CGS points as well as all other points in the drawing, not defined as a CGS point. Looking from day-to-day working routine, it means that a point can be selected just by moving the mouse cursor in the points proximity. Every time the cursor is close to a detail point, a yellow circle appears on the screen, indicating the input point of the detail point.
1.6.
Data Transfer from Electronic Surveying Instruments
The LAYOUT module supports the import from a large number of different surveying instruments. The transfer of the data itself is usually divided into two steps: 1. All data, obtained with the surveying instrument, is transferred to the computer with the proprietary communication program of the individual device. This communication program can usually be obtained from the instruments manufacturer. It saves all transferred data in the form of a file, containing basic point information. The structure and contents of this file are explained in the instruments manual. 2. The file with the basic point information is then converted into a format that can be read by the LAYOUT module. Basic points, saved in the format distances and angles, are converted to detail points (a DET file) and basic points, saved in the format x, y and elevation, into calculated points (a XYZ file). The conversion or transformation of the basic instrument data can be accomplished with the Convert instrument data (11C2) command. Both the data transfer and the conversion of basic points into the CGS format method heavily depend on the type of the instrument. The supported instrument types are listed under the description of command 11C2.
1.7.
Using Scanned Plans in the LAYOUT Module
LAYOUT module also supports the usage of scanograms (scanned plans) in a survey plan. Before using a scanogram, it has to be geo-positioned and calibrated. An accurate calibration can suppress most errors due to the contraction/expansion of the paper. Use RX VECTOR to geo-position and calibrate a scanogram. Below are three examples of using a scanogram in conjunction with the LAYOUT module.
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2D digitalization of scanograms When converting an existing scanogram into a 2D vector drawing, we recommend you to use the commands of the LAYOUT module (11F2, 11I2, etc.) instead of the AutoCAD (Line, Point, and Text) commands. You can digitize a point in the plan with the Single Point Coordinate Input (11F2) command instead of AutoCADs Point and Text commands. And use the CONNECT POINTS (11I2) command instead of the AutoCADs Line and Text commands to draw connections between points. Point/line symbols and cut/fill hatches can be drawn with the LAYOUT commands as well. Only this way the drawing will be "intelligent" and thus allowing a flexible extraction of plan data and a much easier plan editing in the future. 3D digitalization of scanograms A 3D digitalization is identical to a 2D digitalization except for the additional processing needed to add another dimension to the drawing. All points and connections defined under LAYOUT module can easily be converted from 2D to 3D with the Transform points and connections from 2D to 3D and reversed (11K4 and 11K5) command. In addition, 3D break lines can be digitized with the Digitize Break-lines (11K1) command. 3D drawings of high quality can then be used, for example, to create a digital terrain model. Hybrid plans Often the additional effort put into the digitalization or vectorization of a scanogram can be reduced or even completely avoided. Under CGS plus programs a scanogram can be supplemented with survey points and other elements of a survey plan just like any other vector drawing. Besides, modern plotters can easily plot scanograms together with vector elements on a single sheet of paper in a so-called raster/vector hybrid plan format. This way you can often save a lot time and (usually) ensure the same drawing quality.
1.8.
Linking LAYOUT Module Data to AutoCAD MAP
The LAYOUT module runs under AutoCAD or AutoCAD MAP that serve as a foundation for the retrieval and preparation of the GIS (Geographic Information System) data. The LAYOUT module handles all survey points, connections and point/connection attribute data in a manner that conforms to AutoCAD MAP standards. This way you can read CGS objects and data with AutoCAD MAP. Moreover, you can also carry out various queries. Example of query: By using the AutoCAD MAP querying functions in a drawing created with the LAYOUT module, you want to find all points in the layout plan that lie on the roadside (the "Cross Section Symbol" attribute has to feature the REDGE value). Select the Query, Define Query command and in the Define Query dialog box - click Data.
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In the Data Condition dialog box select parameters according to the following figure:
The results of the query are extracted points along the roadside. Similarly, survey points and connections saved in DWG drawings can also be used with AutoCAD WORLD, allowing you to perform even the most complicated analyses of the survey and attribute data.
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2. Command descriptions of the Layout module

2.1. 11A - Project
Following commands are available in the Project command group: Project Directories Layout-Settings Layout-Icons Conversions
The descriptions of the above commands can be found in the introductory part of this manual.
2.2.
11B - Scale
SCALE 11B
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands:
Setting and modifying of the scale for the output of the survey plan From drawing None This command does not use any. 11F1, 11I1
The SCALE command sets the current scale for layout elements. This setting affects the following layout elements: Survey points, Line symbols (connections), Cut and fill hatches, Decimal grid, Point symbols and Text and labels.
With this command, the scale can subsequently be modified entirely or only for a specific plan area. The default setting is 1:1000. After selecting the SCALE command, the following dialog box appears:
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The SCALE dialog box explanation: Scale ... shows the currently selected scale. Update drawing ... activate this check box to redraw the drawing in the new scale. Settings ... click this button to select the desired plan elements to be adjusted to the new scale settings.
Usually the scale is set when creating a new survey plan (before drawing points, connections, etc.). To change the scale later, just activate the Update drawing check box and click Settings. The following dialog box appears:
The Settings dialog box explanation:

Whole drawing Select area First Point, X, Y Second Point, X, Y Points Connections Cut/fill hatches Activate to adjust the whole plan to the new scale settings. Click this button to modify the scale of a specific rectangular area only. Shows coordinates of the first diametrical point of the selected area. Shows coordinates of the second diametrical point of the selected area. activate to fit survey points to the new scale settings. activate to fit connections to the new scale settings. activate to fit cut/fill hatches to the new scale settings.
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Decimal grid Point symbols Point symbols, Layers Text elements Text elements, Layers
activate to fit the decimal grid to the new scale settings. activate to fit point symbols to the new scale settings. click this button to select the layers containing point symbols to be fitted to the new scale ratio. activate to fit the text to the new scale settings. click this button to select the layers containing text to be fitted to the new scale ratio.
Figure: A survey plan with different scale settings.
The scale settings for the output on a plotter can be modified from within the Print / Plot Configuration dialog box invoked by the AutoCAD PLOT command.
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When plotting a survey plan, the settings of the PLOT command have to match the current scale settings.
Valid settings are as follows: Scale Plotted Millimeters=Drawing Units 1:1000 1=1 1:500 2=1 1:2000 1=2 etc. for other scale settings.
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2.3.
11C - Data Transformations

CONVERT INSTRUMENT DATA 11C2
Converting surveying instrument data files into a DET or XYZ format File containing point data Transformed DET or XYZ file containing point data This command does not use any 11C1, 11F1
Modern surveying instruments have the ability to save the points surveyed and later transfer them to a computer. Once saved in a file, the points can be converted into a DET (polar detail point data) or XYZ (calculated coordinates of the surveyed points) format with the Convert instrument data (11C2) command. To retrieve calculated coordinates from the DET file, use the Calculate Detail Points <TRA, DET -> XYZ (11D1) command. The XYZ file can then be inserted into the survey plan with the Input points (11F1) command. The Convert instrument data (11C2) command supports the following surveying instruments (i.e. data formats): LEICA Format 08 Cartesian Format 08 Polar Format 16 Cartesian Format 16 Polar
WILD Format 08 Cartesian Format 08 Polar Format 16 Cartesian Format 16 Polar
SOKKIA Format SDR 2x Cartesian Format SDR 2x Polar Format SDR 33 Cartesian Format SDR 33 Polar
HUSKEY
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Hunter 2 Hunter 16
The above list is constantly being updated. If you cannot find your instrument in the list please contact your authorized reseller of PLATEIA 5.0 for further information. Following is an example of a file transferred from a surveying instrument to the computer:
41....+01.01.99 41....+........ 41....+........ 11....+11111111 11....+22222222 11....+33333333 11....+44444444 11....+55555555 11....+66666666 11....+10000301 11....+10000302 11....+00000303 11....+00000304 11....+00000305 11....+00000306 11....+00000307 11....+00000308 11....+00000309 11....+00000310 42....+SUNNYDAY 42....+12345678 42....+00001123 21....+12312345 21....+22312345 21....+32312345 21....+42312345 21....+42312345 21....+42312345 21....+14441490 21....+14341500 21....-14437050 21....-14426250 21....+14436450 21....+14442310 21....+14441490 21....+14440240 21....+14440190 21....+14436290 43....+........ 44....+........ 45....+........ 46....+........ 47....+........ 48....+........ 49....+........ 22....+08802200 22....+09017380 22....+08802200 22....+09017380 22....+09017380 22....+09017380 22....+08747090 22....+08755040 22....-08809420 22....-08809250 22....+08828130 22....+08849150 22....+08858450 22....+08919030 22....+08939040 22....+09004570 31....+00029485 31....+00043762 31....+00029485 31....+00043762 31....+00043762 31....+00043762 31....+00351059 31....+00334770 31....-00309670 31....-00398054 31....+00002703 31....+00248456 32....+00241489 32....+01764887 32....+00222818 32....+00217102 75....+........ 75....+........ 75....+........ 75....+........ 75....+........ 75....+........ 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK 76....+OSEMZNAK
77....+00000001 77....+00000000 77....+00000001 77....+00000000 77....+00000001 77....+00000000 77....+00000001 77....+00000000 77....+00000001 77....+00000000
78....+12344321 78....+87655678 78....+00001234 78....+00001234 78....+00001234 78....+00001234 78....+00001234 78....+00001234 78....+00001234 78....+00001234
79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO 79....+POLJUBNO
87....+00001600 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000 87....+00002000
This is the corresponding DET file after the conversion:

12345678 11111111 22222222 33333333 44444444 55555555 66666666 1.123 10000301 10000302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 123.12345 223.12345 323.12345 423.12345 423.12345 423.12345 144.41490 143.41500 -144.37050 -144.26250 144.36450 144.42310 144.41490 144.40240 144.40190 144.36290 87.47090 87.55040 -88.09420 -88.09250 88.28130 88.49150 88.58450 89.19030 89.39040 90.04570 351.059 334.770 -309.670 -398.054 2.703 248.456 241.489 1764.887 222.818 217.102 1.600 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Program operation After invoking the Convert instrument data command (11C2), file conversion wizard opens. Follow the procedure below to do a file conversion. 1. Invoke the Convert instrument data command (11C2). Introductory dialog box opens:
2. Click Continue > and then select a manufacturer and type of the surveying instrument.
3. Select instrument manufacturer from the left list and instrument type from the right list and click Continue > to open a dialog box where you select a file to be converted.
By clicking Path to file >> select a file to be converted and then click Continue >>.
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4. In the next dialog box define data format. In addition to data format definition, you can also set an individual instrument by clicking Settings.
Dialog box with settings differs according to the selected instrument. Picture below shows settings for Leica polar format. In the dialog box set format that corresponds to your input file.
5. You can save settings for later use by clicking Save settings as. Or download previously saved settings by clicking Load settings.
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6. Finally, select an output file name and path. Be careful when denoting a file suffix which should be either XYZ or DAT.
By clicking Finish, conversion takes place and program saves output file.
Transformation functions The instrument manufacturer, the instrument type and the format of the output file determine a transformation function. Transformation functions are part of the 11C2 command and are used to transform input files to the output ones. If you intend to change the transformation function parameters, it is of utmost importance for you to be familiar with the file format of your surveying instrument. Changing the parameters influences the way this commnad interprets the data saved in the file. You can see some examples of such file format in the .pdf file titled Examples of instrument data. You can find it in the same directory where your CGS plus program is installed. Marked locations are those that are read by the transformation function.
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2.4.
11D - Survey Calculations
Two commands are available in the Survey Calculations command group: Calculate Detail Points (11D1) - calculates detail points based on given traverse and surveyed detail points, Calculate Profile Points (11D2) represents a special calculation method for points that are surveyed in sections.
Consequently, both commands in the Survey Calculations command group return coordinates of the calculated points. Survey calculations may also be performed with other geodetic software or with the surveying instrument itself and then converted with the Convert columns (11C1) command. In either case, a file containing XYZ points for inserting into a layout plan with the Input Points (11E3) command has to be obtained.
CALCULATE DETAIL POINTS <- TRA, DET -> XYZ 11D1 None Calculating of detail points based on given traverse points and surveyed detail points TRA and DET files Calculated survey points in a XYZ file Calculated survey points in a XYZ file 11F1
The Calculate Detail Points (11D1) command calculates the coordinates of detail points based on the corresponding input files containing detail and traverse points. Data for the program must be prepared in two separate file types: as traverse points (.TRA) file and as detail points (.DET) file.
The result is saved into an XYZ file that can be read by means of the Input Points (11F1) or QuickSurf commands.
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For further information on the structures of the TRA and DET files see Appendix A.
Operation of the function for the detail point calculation The orientation angle is calculated for each orientation point respectively and is followed by the arithmetic mean calculation of orientation angles. The output file in the ORI format consists of the following data: Standpoint, Orientation point, direction to the point, weight, orientation angle, orientation angle correction, and Middle orientation angle.
Example of the ORI file:

Standpoint: 101 Orientation: (target point, direction, weight, ori.angle, deviation) 102 103 105 110 271.06500 295.11280 89.46560 12.42400 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 215.45216 215.45154 215.45196 215.45256 -0.00011 0.00052 0.00009 -0.00050
Mid- orientation angle: 215.452058
After clicking the INFO button in the dialog box, a drawing is displayed explaining the selected calculation method.
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3RAY-TACHYMETRY CALCULATION METHOD:
d = K L sin2 ( z _ kot )
H' = K L cos2 ( z _ kot )

HB = H A + i + H' h
Where: L.K z_ang I H INTERVAL in the DET file, V_ANG in the DET file, instrument height in the DET file, CR in the DET file.
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AUTOREDUCTIONAL TACHYMETRY CALCULATION METHOD:
d = Kd Ld
H' = Kv Lv
HB = H A + i + H' r
Where: D inserted directly to the DET file,
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instrument height in the DET file,
R CR in the DET file, H' HEI_DIF in the DET file.
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT CALCULATION METHOD:
d = d' sin( z _ kot )

H' = d tan( z _ kot )
HB = H A + i + H' h
Where: d' z_ang I H oblique length in the DET file, V_ANG in the DET file, instrument height in the DET file, CR in the DET file.
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CALCULATE PROFILE POINTS <- PRO -> XYZ 11D2 None Calculating of detail points based on given points and progressive point readings from the cross sections PRO file Calculated survey points in a XYZ file Calculated survey points in a XYZ file 11F1, 21K6
When surveying points for paths and small roads, a surveying method for obtaining points in profiles is frequently used.
This command calculates profile point coordinates based on the PRO input file. The Calculate Profile Points (11D2) command can be used when coordinates of traverse points on the axis are known while the detail point measurements are limited to distances and elevations. Distances and elevations of detail points in profiles can be provided in an absolute or a relative format.
Figure: Points surveyed in profiles.
The data in the PRO file must be prepared as follows: For relative distances and elevations: 1st row: * remark 2nd row: LAB_POINT_AXIS X Y ELEV 3rd (and subsequent) row(s): LAB_POINT REL_DIS REL_ELEV
Subsequent axis points together with the appropriate detail points are as follows: For absolute distances and elevations: 1st row: * remark 2nd row: LAB_POINT_AXIS X Y ELEV 3rd (and subsequent) row(s): LAB_POINT ABS_DIS ABS_ELEV
Subsequent axis points together with the appropriate detail points are as follows: Explanation:
LAB_POINT_AXIS X Y ELEV LAB_POINT REL_DIS REL_ELEV ABS_DIS ABS_ELEV label of the axis point (e.g., 1 or P1); axis points are drawn as traverse points. x coordinate of the axis point, y coordinate of the axis point. elevation or height of the axis point. label of the detail point in the profile. relative distance from the axis point or from the last surveyed point: - means leftwards and + rightwards from the axis point or from the last surveyed point. relative elevation or height from the axis point or the last surveyed point; - means leftwards and + rightwards from the axis point or from the last surveyed point. absolute distance from the axis point; - means leftwards and + rightwards from the axis point. absolute elevation or height of the detail point.
Example of the PRO file type with relative distances and elevations:
* remark P1 0.00 100.00 469.63 11 -1.2 -0.12 12 1.3 0.1 13 2.4 0.2 * P2 20.3 123.234 467.90 21 -1.2 -0.12 22 1.3 0.1 23 2.4 0.2 * P3 66.16 135.62 466.45 31 -0.5 +1.23 32 -1.2 -0.12 33 1.3 0.1 34 2.4 0.2
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Example of the same file with absolute distances and elevations:

* remark P1 0.00 100.00 469.63 11 -1.2 -0.12 12 1.3 0.1 13 3.7 0.3 * P2 20.3 123.234 467.90 21 -1.2 -0.12 22 1.3 0.1 23 3.7 0.3 * P3 66.16 135.62 466.45 31 -0.5 +1.23 32 -1.7 1.11 33 1.3 0.1 34 3.7 0.3
Traverse points define the axis and form a tangential polygon. The calculation of detail points conforms to the following rules: For the first and last section, detail points are calculated perpendicularly to the tangential polygon, For all sections in between, detail points are calculated using the mean angle between the two tangents.
Regarding the order of the detail points consider the following: First you have to enter the points on the left side (from the nearest to the farthest) and then the points on the right side (again from the nearest to the farthest) of the axis. The relative distances and heights must also be entered according to this order. The first detail point on the left side is determined by its distance and height difference from the point on the axis while all other points on the left side are determined by their distances and height differences from the previous detail point. Shifting from the left to the right side of the axis changes the sign of the distances from - to +. Again, the first right detail point is determined by its distance and height difference from the point on the axis bwhile all other points on the right side are determined by their distances and height differences from the previous detail point.
The Calculate Profile Points <- PRO -> XYZ (11D2) command has been developed to provide engineers with an effective means of recording and calculating survey points for smaller roadways and paths. The calculated points can later be inserted into a layout plan with the Input Points (11F1) command. Afterwards, you can also calculate the longitudinal and cross sections for the axis with the Save sections from layout points (21K6) command.
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2.5.
11E - Point-Types
Besides using standard point types, the LAYOUT module allows you to define your own ones. Standard CGS point types in are: PK_TP PK_DP traverse point, and detail point.
A user-defined point type can feature an arbitrary geometry (appearance) and an unlimited number of point attributes. Nevertheless, every CGS point must have at least the following two attributes: LABEL ELEVATION point label, and point elevation.
Traverse and detail points also have the following two attributes: CROSS_SECT CROSS_SECT_SYM the no. of the cross section the point lies in, and the symbol to be drawn in the cross section.
Both attributes CROSS_SECT and CROSS_SECT_SYM have a special meaning for points recorded in profiles that are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. CROSS_SECT (i.e. the no. of the cross section) is an important value. It is used by the Save sections from layout points (2J4) command of the AXES module for the creation of cross and longitudinal sections from layout points. CROSS_SECT_SYM determines the meaning of the recorded point in the cross section (e.g. roadside, etc.). It is used by the Calculate new vertical alignment 3M2) command of the LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS program module for roadway reconstruction needs.
User-defined point types can have an arbitrary number of attributes, storing values such as shaft lid elevation, shaft depth, width, etc. These point types can be defined with the following two commands: Define new Point-Type (11E3), and Define new Point-Type from an existing point (11E4).
User-defined point types can be used to solve a large number of various spatial and engineering tasks such as creating a cadaster of water and gas conduits, sewers, telephone lines etc. With a well thought-out structure of your user-defined points you can achieve a wide-spread applicability of your data.
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SET CURRENT POINT-TYPE 11E1
Setting of a currently active point type To be specified in a dialog box Active point type Defined by the points 11E, 11F, 11T
In the LAYOUT module, all commands for working with points operate using the currently active point type. Therefore, if you want to input a new point (let's say by using the 11F2 command), this point will be of current type. Currently active point type is considered by all the commands used for inputing points to the drawing (11F, 11T command group, ...). Using the 11E1 command, you set a currently active point type. After invoking of the command, the following dialog box appears:
The Active point type dialog box explanation:

Currently active point type Save method Label Elevation label, Elevation label output shows a currently active point type. By clicking Select, a dialog box opens where a new point type can be selected. you can choose between 2D and 3 D input method. When using the 3D method, a point is entered at the Z coordinate inputd in the height attribute. point label. You can select an automatic counter/counting that add 1 to the point label with every new inputing; you can select an output of elevation label which can be: Elevation label, Number of decimal places Example of elevation label output full/complete, all places before decimal point get written, V. or VV. Where one or two places before decimal point get written;
you can choose a number of decimal places after the decimal point; shows an example of elevation label output.
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Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: attributes Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands:
VIEW EXISTING POINT-TYPES 11E2 None Displaying a list of the standard and user-defined point types, together with their PP_DEFUN.BLK file PP_DEFUN.BLK file This command does not use any 11E3, 11E4
Command is used for viewing existing point-types and their attributes. The attributes of a specific point type can be viewed by clicking the desired point-type name in the left list box. After invokink the command, the following dialog box appears:
The View existing Point-Types dialog box explanation:

Points Attributes Preview a list of standard and user-defined point types a list of point attributes for the selected point type. graphical representation of selected point and their attributes.
DEFINE NEW POINT TYPE 11E3
point name, appearance and attribute definition via dialog box point, written in a form of a DWG block user defined 11E4, 11E2, 11F
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In addition to the traverse and detailed points (10_TP and 10_DP respectively) that are built in the Layout module as standard, you can define a new point type having any appearance (geometry) or attribute by using the Define new point type (11E3) command. Point can have any appearance. There are very well known symbols for a geodetic point or sewer shaft. Point geometry can be drawn using usual AutoCAD commands such as Line, Arc or similar ones. Point attributes such as Label and Elevation are obligatory while others can be added. Attributes can be visible or invisible. After invoking the Define new point type (11E3) command, the following dialog box opens:
The Define new point type dialog box explanation:

Point name Select objects, Select graphics Insertion point insert point name which is at the same time a DWG filename where block or point definition is to be saved. Point is written to the "...\CGSAPPS4\POINTS" area; select graphic elements defining point appearance or symbol; define insertion point for a user defined point.
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After clicking the Attributes tab, a dialog box for attribute definition opens.
By clicking Add, you can add any attribute. The Attribute properties dialog box for attribute definition opens.
The Attribute properties dialog box explanation:

Name Layer Position, Select point X Y Text height Rotation Invisible attribute name layer where attribute will be written, interactive selection of X and Y coordinates in drawing, EAST coordinate defining attribute position at the point, NORTH coordinate defining attribute position at the point attribute text height in AutoCAD units; by clicking Text height you can define it interactively, attribute text rotation in degrees; by clicking Rotation, you can define rotation interactively, attribute visibility
By clicking Edit from the Define new point type dialog box, a dialog box for attribute editing opens. This dialog box is identical to the one for attribute adding with the exception that it relates to an existing attribute.
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By clicking Erase, you can erase a selected attribute. By selecting the Already defined tab, you can browse the existing points. See dialog box below.
When you have defined all the upper mentioned new point parameters, point is written to the DWG file and to the ...\CGSAPPS\POINTS" area. This way a new point type is ready for use. You can perform a test by inserting it to a drawing using the Insert individual point (11F2) command.
Users can now freely interchange the point definitions simply by transferring the files from the "...\CGSAPPS\POINTS" area to another one.
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DEFINE NEW POINT TYPE USING THE EXISTING POINT 11E4
defining of a new point attributes on a basis of the existing point insertion via dialog box point drawn in a form of DWG block defined by user 11E2, 11E3, 11F
You can define a new point type using the existing point types in a drawing. Using the11E4 command, select the existing point in a drawing. The following dialog box appears:
When defining a new point type, both point graphic and attribute part of the selected existing point are taken as a default value. Existing point, serving as the basis for the new point definition, can also be without attributes. See the11E3 command for a dialog box use.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: See also commands:
CHANGE POINT TYPE 11E5
Changing a point type for a selected point group Points 11A22, 11E3, 11E4
The LAYOUT module enables changing of type both for individual point and point group. Using this command, you can convert a point to a manhole or Slovenian CGS points into the German ones and vice versa. After invoking this command, the following dialog box opens:
On the right side there are selected point types and below their attributes. On the left there is a list from which you can select a point type into which you want to convert a selected point group. The left list comprises all points normally found in the points definitions directory (see the 11A22 command). User should arrange/assign an appropriate attribute of an existing point for each new point. The existing point attributes can be selected from the pull-down list. The upper dialog box shows a conversion of the 10_DP point into the 10_TP point. Each attribute in 10_DP point gets the corresponding attribute from the 10_TP point.
2.6.
11F - Points
The insertion of points into the layout plan is one of the most important tasks in the LAYOUT module. Points can be read from a XYZ file or defined with several other commands, allowing the input of a single point or a group of points simultaneously.
Figure: Points inserted into a layout plan.
INPUT POINTS 11F1
Reading and drawing points and connections from a file point file Drawn points and connections Depending on points and connections 11C1, 11D1, 11D2
This command reads an arbitrary column file and draws points into the layout plan. If the file is of standard type (XYZ) and it contains also the data regarding the connections among the points, then the 11F1 command draws also the connections. The Input points command (11F1) arranges/assigns the attribute values to the points and connections saved in the file. After invoking the Input points (11F1) command, the following dialog box appears:
Layout 36
Legend/The Input points dialog box explanation:

Input file, Points Select sections Select layer Decimal places, Number of decimal places Drawing 2D / 3D points Options, Draw connections XYZ file from which you can read points' and connections' data sections list in a selected XYZ file select a layer to which you want to input points number of decimal places needed for elevation labels output points can be drawn to the layer with z= 0.00 (2D) or at the elevation label you can set whether the connections among the points are to be drawn or not. Connections can be drawn only if they have been previously set in a XYZ file. See the XYZ file description you can set whether the points should be drawn or not set whether points having the 0.0 elevation will be drawn or not. This option proves useful when inputting points for DTM base where points having the 0.0 elevation may harm DTM
Options, Draw points Options, Don't draw points with 0.00 elevation
Program automatically recognizes an XYZ file version. If the XYZ file was created using the PLATEIA 5.0 program, then you need to define the appropriate code for the certain point using the Codes tab.
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The procedure is as follows: 1. Using the Codes list, select an appropriate point code. 2. Using the Points list, select an appropriate point name. 3. Click = . Selected code gets arranged/assigned a selected point. Connections between the codes and points are displayed in the Codes arrangements /assignments list. You can erase any connection simply by selecting it and clicking Erase from list. If the XYZ file was created using the new CGS plus programs (PLATEIA 6 or newer, AQUATERRA 2005 or newer), codes definition is not necessary. Points get drawn at coordinates defined in the XYZ file. At the same time, attributes' values are inputed to the points. Also, you can enter an additional point (topographycal or any other) symbol. Using the packet points' input, you can read data from different XYZ files or data sections in sequence. This way you can group points in the layout plan. Edit and define the new file type: Besides the reading of the points from the default file XYZ, it is also possible to read and to transfer points from any other Type, where the data are listed in columns, separated only by any delimiter. The file types are edited by means of a button. The following dialog box opens:
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The settings mean:

File type name Default extension Delimiter Treat consecutive delimiters as one Data / Columns File type name. From the drop-down menu you can select the file types that were previously defined. The default extension for the selected file type From the drop-down menu you can select or write a symbol in the field that separates the columns in the file If this option Is selected, more consecutive delimiters without data are treated as one delimiter (e.g. five blank spaces define the border between two columns and not five new columns) A column is defined in the file, where this data is stated, for every CGSplus-point that is stated below. If the data is not in the file, you can select an option from the drop-down menu Constant (a constant value is entered, e.g. for the point type), counter (the value will increase with every read point) or No data. Individual data of the CGSplus points are explained in Appendix A, under Structure of the default file XYZ.
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A new type is defined by clicking a button . A dialog box appears, where a name is defined for the new type. Then the connection between the data of points and columns is filled. You can do this by stating for every data in which column of the selected file type it appears or you can select any other option, if there is no such data in the selected file type. All settings are saved on the hard drive and are available the next time you call the function for points input. With the settings in the upper dialog box, the following file can be read:
853.11 862.2 864.69 866.34 869.49 875.85 844.77 839.73 837.03 835.32 834.69 826.77 574.62 562.17 559.38 556.74 552.66 537.21 521.73 536.85 538.89 540.78 541.17 555.81 343.12 341.94 339.88 340.06 341.56 341.84 341.58 341.62 339.96 339.98 341.66 342.36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2
XYZ file structure: See Appendix A.
How to create an XYZ file You can create an XYZ file by using the following commands: Data transformation (11C1), Data conversion from total station (11C2), Calculate detail points (11D1), Calculate profile points (11D2), Save points from drawing to file (11F9).
See descriptions of individual commands.
SINGLE POINT COORDINATE INPUT 11F2
Inserting of a single survey point into the drawing Via dialog box Point Depending on points 11E3, 11E4, 11F1
You can save points to a drawing using either the Input points command (11F1) or the Input individual point command (11F2). However, when using the latter command, you can input points sequentially, one by one. After invoking this command, you select location for the point to be inputted by a mouse. After inputing of location (X,Y points), input also the rest of the data using the dialog box below.
Layout 40
Legend/The Input individual points dialog box explanation:

Point type Preserve old values Attributes currently active point type this option enables you to preserve the values from the previous point inputing so there is no need for entering all of attributes anew, you enter just the modified ones selecting of atributes values depending on the point type
By clicking the button showing the default point type (10_DP in this case), the Active point type dialog box opens see 11E3 Command.
SINGLE POINT DISTANCE / ANGLE INPUT 11F3
Inserting of a single survey point into the drawing based on distance and angle information Via dialog box Point Depending on points 11F1, 11F2, 11F4
The Single Point Distance / Angle Input (11F3) command represents the second method for inserting single survey points into the drawing. Instead of having to select the appropriate point or enter its coordinates, you can determine the point by the distance and the angle.
Layout 41
The Single Point Distance / Angle Input dialog box allows you to choose from four different input methods: 1. Horizontal angle, vertical angle, horizontal length; 2. Horizontal angle, vertical angle, oblique length; 3. Horizontal angle, elevation difference, horizontal length; 4. Horizontal angle and horizontal length; While the last (4th) input method only allows retrieving the points X and Y coordinates, using the first three methods you can also determine the points elevation. After selecting the appropriate input method, the standpoint and the instrument elevation have to be defined. After that, the standpoint has to be oriented. First select the orientation point and then enter the horizontal direction to this point (the reading from the horizontal ring of the instrument). Orientation points are points with known coordinates. A standpoint can be oriented with one or more standpoints. After orienting the standpoint, press ENTER the middle orientation angle (arithmetic mean of all angles) is then displayed on screen. After orienting the standpoint, you can start entering the survey data. The command line displays the following line: Counter/End/Point label <1>:
Command line explanation: Counter End sets the counter for the detail point enumeration (i.e. the point labels). terminates the point input.
Point label sets the label of the following point, the survey information will be entered for.
The survey information has to be entered separately for every point, according to the selected input method.
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COPY POINT 3D 11F4
Inserting of a single survey point into the drawing by making a copy of another one Via command line Point Depending on points 11F1, 11F2, 11F3
The Copy point 3D (11F4) command creates a new point on the basis of an existing point in the drawing. The following information has to be entered: Existing point, Horizontal direction, the point will be copied to, Elevation of the new point or the vertical distance from the existing point, Point label/number.
This command is especially useful for generating points for walls, terraces and other objects with defined lower edge points and a known height.
GENERATE POINTS ALONG LONGITUDINAL-AXIS 11F5
Generating points along the longitudinal axis with the help of 3D interpolation 3D or 2D polygon, segment length Points Depending on points 11G
This command allows you to interpolate 3D heights on three-dimensional polygons. The density of the newly generated points can be set either by selecting an arbitrary interval between two adjacent points or by defining the total number of points on the polygon. If the selected polygon is threedimensional, the appropriate point heights are interpolated too. After starting the Generate points along longitudinal-axis (11F5) command, you first have to select the appropriate polygon then the following options appear in the command line: Counter/Length-interval <Number of intervals>:
Explanation: Counter sets the counter for the detail point enumeration.
Length-interval specifies the density of the newly generated points by the interval between individual points.
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Number of intervals
specifies the number of intervals, the polygon is divides into.
ORTHOGONAL MESUREMENTS: POINTS DRAWING <-ORM 11F6 None Point specification based on orthogonal measurements axis, abscissa, ordinate or ORM file drawn and labeled points defined by points 11F7
This function enables saving points based on orthogonal measurements. Individual point measurements (between two points, that is, axis) can be saved manually or via file while the reverse function (11F7) saves measurements for selected points on some axis in the file. Note that this command works only on straight axis. When you run this command, a menu appears in the command line by which you can select between the settings, data savings via the file or manual saving. Settings/File/First axis point:
Measurements can be entered in a drawing manually. First you select the first and second axis point and then you enter abscissa and ordinate for each new point. You end saving by choosing the End option to confirm our exit from the command. In drawing, points are drawn of the type that has been previously selected. According to the selected settings, also auxiliary lines and elevations are drawn. Example:
Figure: Saving points based on orthogonal measurements. After the Settings option has been selected, a dialog box shown below appears in which you can set a point type and drawing layer to which points will be saved. There are choices of an optional entering of auxiliary lines and saving of measurements into the drawing. You can also specify a layer for each auxiliary element (lines and labels).
Layout 44
If you select the File option in the command line, you enter measurements that you have previously saved in the file by using the 11F7 command.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: ORTHOGONAL MEASUREMENTS: SAVE POINTS -> ORM 11F7 None Saving points to file based on orthogonal measurements axis and points to be saved ORM file defined by points 11F6
This function enables saving of measurements into a drawing or a file according to some straight line for any points in a drawing. Firstly, you select the first and second axis point which represent a basis for saving measurements. If you have in your drawing a previously defined straight line, you can use it by selecting it. Then you select points and click Enter. A dialog box opens where you can define the file's name and section to which you want to save our data (see dialog box below).
Layout 45
Data saved in a drawing are having the same format as described at saving measurements. In case that axis points labels are unknown, value A is saved as the first axis point label and value B is saved as the second axis point label. Before saving data to a file, you can use the Settings option to select the form of data saving (see dialog box below).
Example of file with known elevations for individual points:

# 1 5 7 15 6 5 4 42759.06 42802.21 24.81 27.94 9.17 4.87 72305.00 72351.69 -33.40 -22.27 -19.30 -27.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
150.14 148.43 152.41
In the upper example you can see that elevations for points 15, 5 and 4 (saved to a drawing at the time of points calculation) are known. For point 6, the elevation is unknown and therefore a default of 0.0 is accepted (example showing drawn points is described with the 11F6 command).
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Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Layers: See also commands:
LABEL XY POINT/BLOCK COORDINATES 11F81
labeling of x and y point (or block) coordinates from drawing defined via dialog box 11F82, 11F83
Using the11F81 command, label X and Y point (or block) coordinates. Program reads X and Y coordinates from the block insertion point. After invoking the command, dialog box with label settings appears:
The Label XY coordinates dialog box explanation:

Layer Text style Precision Height Position Prefix Sufix layer to which labels are drawn label text style select decimal place number for X and Y coordinate labels label height in mm label position according to the block input point X and Y coordinate label prefix label sufix
After clicking OK, select points to be labeled.
Layout 47
Command name: Command name: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands:
EDIT COORDINATE LABEL 11F82
moving of coordinate labels label to be moved label end point defined by labels 11F81, 11F83
When outputting labels using the 11F81 command, labels are drawn automatically having a constant distance from the block insertion point. That is why there is a possibility of neighboring label overlapping. In such cases or when you want to have a label to be outputted at some other place, use the Edit coordinate label command (11F82). After invoking this command, command line reads: Select block: First select a block and then a new label position. Click ENTER and finish your editing. Using this command, you can label any element of Block reference type.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers:
ERASE COORDINATE LABEL 11F83
erasing of coordinate labels
See also commands: 11F81, 11F82
This command is intended for erasing of coordinate labels. After invoking the command, select those points for which you want to erase their labels.
SAVE POINTS FROM DRAWING TO FILE -> XYZ 11F9 None Saving selected points to a XYZ file Points XYZ file This command does not use any. 11F1
This command is the inverse command of Input Points <- XYZ (11F1) and can be used:
Layout 48
when the selected points have to be transferred to another drawing; when the original XYZ file is lost and you want to recreate it; when you want to find out the structure of individual lines in the XYZ file for a selected point. This is especially useful when you define your own point type and you want to prepare a XYZ file to be read into the drawing with the Input Points <- XYZ (11F1). By saving a selected point and then examining the resulting XYZ file, you can easily identify where a specific information in the line has to be.
The Save points from drawing to file dialog box allows you to select only those point types you actually want to save in the file.
XYZ file format: See Appendix A.
Layout 49
2.7.
11G - Edit Points
Commands from this command group allow you to edit the point data (e.g., the point attributes). Point attributes are numerical and alphanumerical information saved together with a survey point. Different point types can have different point attributes, yet all point types feature at least two common attributes: point label and point elevation. In addition to these two attributes every point can have an unlimited number of other attributes which can either be visible (i.e. are displayed in the drawing) or invisible (i.e. are not displayed in the drawing). The two standard point types PK_DP (detail point) and PK_TP (traverse point) have two invisible attributes: CROSS_SECT (cross section number) and CROSS_SECT_SYM (the symbol to be drawn in the cross section). These two attributes can also be made visible if needed.
Figure: Systematically arranged points in a layout plan.
Above all, point attributes can be edited in order to improve the legibility of the survey plan. Individual attributes can be moved, rotated and made visible or invisible. The output format of numerical data can also be altered (e.g. for point elevations). To edit attributes, use the Edit point data (11G1) command from the Edit points command group.
Layout 50
EDIT POINT DATA 11G1
Checking and editing of data for one or more points Points Points Defined by points 11F, 11G
Using this command you can check and edit point coordinates and attribute values a selected point (or point group) comprises. If you do a multiple point selection, you can do also a multiple attributes values definition at the same time. After invoking the Edit point data (11G1) command (when selecting only one existing point in a drawing), the following dialog box opens:
The Edit point attributes dialog box explanation:

Point type Position>> X Y Attributes selected point type select/specify X and Y coordinates for a selected point X coordinate (EAST) Y coordinate (NORTH) selected point type attributes appear (depending on the selected point type)
You can change/modify attribute values and decide whether they will be visible or not.
After invoking the Edit point data (11G1) command (when selecting several existing points in a drawing), the following (slightly different) dialog box opens:
Here the X and Y point coordinates cannot be modified with the selected point group. In the upper part of the dialog box you can see a pull-down list of selected points. You can switch between these selected point types. After the point type selection is done, corresponding attributes automatically change. NEW in PLATEIA- the way of setting equal attribute value. In case of different attribute values, you can spot a star (*) in the Value field. If the selected point group has an identical attribute value, you can spot an actual value in the Value field.
In case of changing the attribute values (when a point group has been selected), complete point group will adopt the entered attribute value. This command can be very useful not only for checking attribute values in individual points but also when assigning of a cross-section number or a symbol for drawing to a selected point group. You can do it all only by using one command.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Finding points using different search criteria Points Points This command does not use any. 11G3 SEARCH FOR POINTS 11G2
Using this command, you can find points in the drawing by employing different search criteria (like point label, number, type and attribute value). After selecting the Search for Points (11G2) command, the following dialog box appears:
Layout 52
The Search for points dialog box explanation:

Label search Point label Attribute search Point-type search activate this check box to search for point labels enter the point label you are searching for activate this check box to search for point attributes; after activating the check box, select the appropriate attribute and specify the value you are searching for activate this check box to search for points of a specific type; after activating the check box, select the appropriate point type you are searching for
The different search criteria (label, attribute, and point type) can also be combined. This way you can, for example, find all type PK_TP points (standard traverse points in GeoEngineering) with an elevation of 120 m or more. The search result is a selection of points that can be recalled with the Previous option of AutoCADs Select Objects command. The selected points can be transferred to another drawing, moved to another layer, etc. More complex search procedures can be performed under AutoCAD MAP with its special search functions. Note that the points, however, have to be prepared for processing under AutoCAD MAP. See Linking LAYOUT module data to AutoCAD MAP).
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VERIFY DOUBLE POINTS 11G3 None Finding points with duplicated labels Points Points This command does not use any. 11G2
With this command, you can check whether your drawing contains points with identical labels/numbers (this sometimes happens during the insertion of consecutive points). As the commands 11F1 to 11F5 have no built-in label control mechanism, it is advisable to check your drawing with the Verify double points (11G3) command. This way you will assure that your survey plan contains no duplicate point labels (a non-desirable situation in a layout plan). If the program finds two points with identical labels, a warning of the following type is issued in the command line: Command: Please wait... OK Points and number of repetition: Point: 25 Repetitions: 2 Command:
When you find out which point labels in the drawing are used more than once, you can select all such points with the Search for Points (11G2) command using the Label search criteria.
MOVE ATTRIBUTE 11G4
Moving of the selected visible point attribute Selected point attributes Selected point attributes Depending on the point types 11G1, 11G5, 11G6, 11G7
As your layout plan gradually becomes crowded with points and other plan elements, you can improve the legibility of the survey plan by moving individual point attributes, like the label or elevation. After selecting the Move Attribute (11G4) command, you have to select the desired attribute in the drawing and specify its new position. This procedure can be repeated for every individual point attribute (only one point attribute can be moved at once with this command).
Layout 54
AUTO-ARRANGE ATTRIBUTES 11G5
Finding new point-attribute positions automatically in order to improve the plan legibility Selected points Points with rearranged attributes Depending on the point types 11G4
This command automatically rearranges the point labels and elevations of selected points in the drawing for improved legibility. You can use it if a manual rearrangement with the Move Attribute (11G4) command would be too time-consuming. The Auto-arrange Attributes (11G5) command searches for empty space in the selected area and rearranges the point elevations or labels. The success of the operation depends heavily on the density of the drawing elements in the plan.
Figure: Left: overlapping points; Right: automatically arranged points; An automatic rearrangement is much faster than a manual one, but the manual rearrangement gives you much more freedom in placing the point attributes and usually also produces better results.
ROTATE ATTRIBUTES 11G6
Rotating the attributes of selected points for an arbitrary angle Selected point attributes Rotated point attributes Depending on the point types 11G4
Sometimes the legibility of a survey plan can be improved by rotating the attributes of selected points. The Rotate Attributes (11G6) command can be very useful when you deal with small scale drawings, very dense details and when it there is no other possibility to accommodate all attribute labels.
Layout 55
With this command, you can rotate individual attributes of a selected point type as well as more attributes at once (an "attribute group"). The rotation angle can simply be selected with the mouse or typed in the command line.
EDIT ATTRIBUTE LABELS 11G7 None Defining the output method for numerical attribute values Selected points Points with attributes Depending on the point types 11F1
Using this command you can modify the way numerical attributes appear in the survey plan (most often it is used to alter the output of point elevations). You can change the number of digits before and after the decimal point. Modifying the output format does not affect the original numerical value that is permanently stored in the point itself and can only be changed with the Edit point data (11G1) command. After selecting the Edit attribute labels (11G7) command, the following dialog box appears:
The Edit attribute labels dialog box explanation:

Points Attributes Output a list of selected point types a list of attributes for the individual point type, together with the appropriate output format in the second column (or a "???" string if the attribute value is alphanumerical) click this button to open another dialog box where you can modify the output format of numerical attribute values
Layout 56
The Attribute output dialog box explanation:

Whole numbers Decimal places select the number of digits before the decimal point select the number of digits after the decimal point
Example: A drawing contains numerous survey points whose elevations range from 1210 to 1250 meters. If some of the attributes are overlapping because individual elevation labels are too long, you can abbreviate them by simply omitting the first two digits of the elevations (e.g. the program will print 34.56 instead of 1234.56). The output before the decimal point can also be specified in the XYZ file (where the seventh column contains the elevation label output code). The following format descriptions can also be found under the description of the XYZ file format in Appendix A: LAB_TYPE defines the output method for elevation labels before the decimal point;
Allowed values are as follows: 0 the full elevation label is printed, 1 only one digit before the decimal point is printed (X.XX), 2 only two digits before the decimal point are printed (XX.XX), 3 the elevation label is hidden.
You can also specify the number of decimal places when reading points from a file with the Input Points (11F1) command, but there the number depends on the current scale settings.
Layout 57
RELATIVE CHANGE OF POINT ELEVATION 11G8 none changing elevation for selected points for any value selected points in drawing points in drawing with changed elevation defined by point types 11G1
Using the 11G8 command, change elevation for selected points in a drawing for any value. You can use this command when you want to change elevation for selected points for, let's say, 1m. After invoking the command, program prompts you to select points in drawing and their relative elevation move. The selected points' elevation is changed by adding the selected value to the point elevation.
Layout 58
2.8.
11H - Connection-Types
As with survey points, the appearance and attributes of connections can be defined by the user. The number of attributes is unlimited. Connections can be drawn using any line type defined in the ACAD.LIN or CGSAPPS.LIN file and can be equipped with any number of user-defined attributes (used for water conduits, sewers, electricity and telephone lines). For example, you can define an attribute named DIAMETER for the diameter or TYPE for the type (material) of the sewer. Two commands are available in the Connection-Types command group: the first one for defining a new connection type and the second one for viewing the existing types.
Command name: Command name: Icon: Task: Layers: LIST EXISTING CONNECTION TYPES 11H1 none defined connection types list with attributes this command does not use them
See also commands: 11H2, 11I2
This command is intended for viewing of already defined connection types and their attributes. When you select a connection group type from the upper left drop down list in a dialog box shown below, you can see names and selected group type descriptions in the lower window.
The Lines dialog box description:
Layout 59
Groups ... complete connection group list, Options, tabulated view ... you can browse connections by using a tabulated view or connection preview, Line type ... connection name and line type list.
By doubleclicking the connection type you can select your current connection type and start your interactive connection insertion as you would do with the 11I2 command.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also command: defining of user defined connection appearance and attributes insertion via dialog box connection type saved in DWG block user defined 11H1, 11E3 DEFINE NEW CONNECTION TYPE 11H2
Using the Define new connection type (11H2) command, you can define a new connection type. When doing this, you need to select a line type resembling a connection and attributes you want to attach to this connection. You can use all line types defined in ACAD.LIN or CGSAPPS.LIN files according to the LIN rule found in AutoCAD program. Connections are saved to the "...\Connections\" folder as blocks with attributes. After invoking the command, the Connection definition dialog box opens with the General tab on:
The Connection definition dialog box explanation:

Name Connection type connection type name line type from ACAD.LIN ali CGSAPPS.LIN files that you want to use as a connection
When you select the Attributes tab, a dialog box for attributes definition appears.
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Using Add button, you can add any attribute. The Attribute property dialog box opens:
The Attribute property dialog box explanation:

Name Layer Select point X Y Height Rotation Not visible attribute name, layer to which attribute will be written, interactive selection of X and Y coordinates in drawing, EAST coordinate that defines attribute position at the moment of connection, NORTH coordinate that defines attribute position at the moment of connection, attribute text height in AutoCAD units; using the Height button, you can select height interactively, attribute text rotation in radians; using the Rotation button, you can select rotation interactively, attribute visibility.
By clicking Edit from the Connection definition dialog box, dialog box for attributes editing opens. This dialog box is identical to the one intended for a new attribute addition with the sole exception that it relates to the existing attribute. By clicking Erase, you can erase a selected attribute.
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You can position attributes in the centre of a connection, either side by side or one above the other. Although positioning of attributes at the connection start or end is not possible in this version, you can position them to the left or right according to the connection center.
By selecting the Already defined tab, you can browse already existing connections between the points. A dialog box is shown below:
Useful application of connection types with attributes can be seen in the form of municipal infrastructure cadastres (waterworks, sewage system, gas system, phone, etc.). Connection types represent a basis for sampling and saving data related to the municipal infrastructure lines. Data written in such connections can be worked on in the AutoCAD MAP program where more demanding data reviews and analyses can be done.
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2.9.
11I - Connections
CGS point connections are unlike normal lines drawn with the LINE, PLINE, etc. commands an "intelligent" part of a drawing. Connections link individual layout points in the survey plan this is why points and connections are interdependent. Each connection contains information about the appropriate starting and ending point, the point/connection gap size, the connection type and the attribute values of the connection. This information can be used for different queries. Because connections also contain information about the starting and ending point, the program can interpolate heights along them at any time, without the need for entering additional information. This means that a connection line can simply be converted into a three-dimensional line and used for the calculation of a digital terrain model, the measurement of an oblique length of a sewage, etc.
Figure: Connections between layout points. With the commands from the Connections command group you can enter connections interactively or load them from a file and save the defined connections in a CON file.
SET GAP AND REFRESH 11I1
Setting the gap size between a connection and a point and redrawing the connections Via dialog box Connections Depending on connections 11B, 11I2, 11I3
The gap between a connection line and a point can be altered in order to improve the plans legibility. To set the gap size, use the Set Gap and refresh (11I1) command. The gap size is arbitrary (can also be 0) and specifies the distance between the point and the line in millimeters of a plotted plan. The size of the gap on the computer screen depends on the current scale settings (see SCALE (11B)). After selecting the Set Gap and refresh (11I1) command, the following dialog box opens:
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The Set Gap and refresh explanation:

Gap length Refresh gaps enters the gap size in millimeters of a plotted plan activate this check box to automatically redraw all connections in the layout plan with the correct gap size
CONNECT POINTS 11I2
Drawing connections interactively by selecting appropriate points or point labels From drawing Connections Depending on connections 11I1, 11I3, 11H1
This command allows you to connect points in the layout plan interactively, by selecting individual points or their labels. But you are not limited to connecting only GeoEnginering points with this command other point types are supported as well. After selecting the CONNECT POINTS (11I2) command, the following message appears in the command line: LInetype/LAyer/LABel/<Point>:
Message explanation: Linetype allows you to select the appropriate line (connection) type, defined with the Define new Connection-Type (11H1) command. Layer defines the layer for the output of the connections; the program suggests the current layer by default, but you can also select any other layer even if a layer that does not exist yet. In this case the layer will be created automatically. Label allows you to select the appropriate points with the help of their labels. Using this point selection method, you can also select a whole series of points (e.g., if you want to connect points 5, 6, 7, and 8, simply type in "5-8"). Point allows you to select the appropriate point from the drawing; see also Chapter Selecting points in the layout plan.
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If you select the Linetype option, the following dialog box opens, displaying a list of available connection types with the appropriate attributes (if any):
You can draw any connection type with or without defined attributes (attributes are listed in the 3rd and 4th column of the list box). If you select a connection with attributes, you also have to enter the appropriate attribute values after creating the connection.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: READ CONNECTIONS FROM FILE <- CON 11I3 None Creating connections based on data from a CON file CON file Connections Depending on connections 11I2, 11I4
Connections between layout points can also be created with the help of a VER file which has to be prepared in advance. After selecting the Read connections from file <- CON (11I3) command, the following dialog box appears:
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The Read Connections from file dialog box explanation:

Input file, Connections List of sections Select all specify the name of the CON file with the connection data a list of sections in the selected CON file selects all sections
CON file format: See Appendix A.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: SAVE CONNECTIONS FROM DRAWING TO FILE -> CON 11I4 None Saving connections together with the appropriate attribute values to a CON file Selected connections CON file This command does not use any. 11I3, 11F9
This command saves the selected connections to a CON file. All connections in the drawing can be saved including those inserted with the CONNECT POINTS (11I2) as well as those inserted with the Read connections from file <- CON (11I3) command. Connections drawn with normal AutoCAD commands (LINE, PLINE, etc.) will not be saved. The following connection data is saved: starting and ending point, connection type and appropriate attribute values. For further information on the CON file format see Read connections from file <- CON (11I3). Example of the CON file saved with the Save connections from drawing to file -> CON (11I4) command:
# & 2 7 & 1 2 & 7 6 & 4 5 & 3 4 & 5 7 # & 5 6 & 4 5 & 3 1 DASHDOTX2 DASHDOTX2 DASHDOTX2 GAS_LINE GAS_LINE GAS_LINE 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS
2 GAS_LINE GAS_LINE GAS_LINE
10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS 10_CONNECTIONS
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This command is the inverse command of the Read connections from file <- CON (11I3) meaning that data saved with the 11I4 command can be loaded with the 11I3 command again.
2.10. 11J - Edit Connections

Connection attributes are numerical and alphanumerical information linked to layout connections. Different types of connections can have different attributes. Attributes can be either visible (i.e. are displayed in the drawing) or invisible (i.e. are not displayed in the drawing). You can edit connection attributes in order to improve the legibility of the layout plan. Individual attributes can be moved, rotated, and turned on or off. To edit attribute values use the Edit connection data (11J1) command from the Connections command group. With command 11J2 you can search for specific connections.
EDIT CONNECTION DATA 11J1
Displaying a list of all connections and allows making changes to the attribute values Selected connections Connections with attributes Depending on connections 11H1, 11I2
This command is similar to the Edit point data (11G1) command for displaying and editing point data. Every connection has depending on its type connection-specific attributes. Using the Edit connection data (11J1) command, you can enter values of empty attributes and modify the already defined ones. Example: A connection attribute value PIPE_PROFILE of 200 can be changed to 300 or any other value applicable. Depending on how many connections were selected when calling the Edit connection data (11J1) command, you can edit the attributes of single or multiple connections. After selecting the command and the appropriate connections, the following dialog box opens:
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The EDIT CONNECTION DATA dialog box explanation:

Connections Attributes a list of selected connection types. a list of attributes and their values for the selected connection type; if multiple connections are selected and the values of the same attribute vary, the second column of the list box displays "Various". edits the value of the currently selected attribute.
Value
SEARCH FOR CONNECTIONS 11J2
Finding connections in the drawing using the connection name and attribute values All connections in the drawing Connections Depending on connections
See also commands: 11G2
This command is similar to the Search for Points (11G2) command from the Points command group. Two search criteria can be applied: line type and attribute value (the latter is not obligatory). After selecting the Search for Connections (11J2) command, the following dialog box appears:
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The Search for Connections dialog box explanation:

Line types Attributes a list of all line types in the drawing select an attribute from the list and enter the value you are searching for. You can choose one of the following comparison operators: "=" (equal to), ">" (greater than), "<" (less than), "<=" (less than or equal to) and ">=" (greater than or equal to)
The program issues a message concerning the number of found elements and saves the elements in a so-called "Selection Set" (the list of elements). The search result can then be recalled with the Previous option of AutoCADs SELECT OBJECTS command.
MOVE ATTRIBUTE 11J3
Moving of the selected visible attribute of a connection Selected connection attributes Selected connection attributes Depending on the connection types 11H1, 11J4, 11J5
Once you have created too many points and connections causing the plan elements start overlapping each other, you can improve the survey plan legibility by moving individual connection attributes. After selecting the Move Attribute (11J3) command, you have to select the desired attribute in the drawing and specify its new position. This procedure can be repeated for every individual attribute (only one attribute can be moved at once). This command is practically identical to the Move Attribute (11G4) command from the Points command group. You can even use Move Attribute (11G4) to move connection attributes (and vice versa - you can use Move Attribute (11G4) to move point attributes).
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Rotating of the attributes of selected connections for an arbitrary angle Selected connection attributes Rotated point attributes Depending on the connection types 11G6 ROTATE ATTRIBUTES 11J4
Sometimes the legibility of a survey plan can be improved by rotating the attributes of selected connections. The Rotate Attributes (11J4) command can be very useful when dealing with smallscale drawings and very dense details when it otherwise is not possible to find an empty space for all attributes.
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With this command, you can rotate individual attributes of a selected connection type or attributes at once (an "attribute group"). The rotation angle can simply be selected with the mouse or typed in the command line. This command is practically identical to the Rotate Attributes (11G6) command from the Points command group. You can even use Rotate Attribute (11G6) to rotate connection attributes (and vice versa - you can use Rotate Attribute (11J4) to rotate point attributes).
ATTRIBUTES ON/OFF 11J5
Making selected connection attributes visible/invisible Selected connections Connections with attributes Depending on the connection types 11J
With this command you can make the attributes of one or more connections visible or invisible and thus improve the plan legibility. After selecting the appropriate connection(s), the following dialog box appears:
The Attributes ON/OFF dialog box explanation: Connections a list of selected connection types.
Attributes a list of attributes; ON in the second column means that the attribute is visible and OFF that it is invisible. Turn ON Turn OFF click this button to make the selected attribute visible. click this button to make the selected attribute invisible.
Turning an attribute off is not identical to erasing it (the attributes data is still stored in the point). This is why an invisible attribute can be made visible again later without loosing its original value.
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2.11. 11K - Break-lines and 3D

While working in a layout plan, you may often encounter the need for a three-dimensional representation of your data. In spite of the fact, that points and connections as well as point and line topographic symbols of a survey plan are always drawn from a ground plan perspective. Therefore, a two-dimensional view of the plan with labeled point and contour heights is sufficient for the presentation of the plan. Often, though, two-dimensional plan elements have to be "lifted" into the third dimension for the needs of digital terrain modeling (DTM) or for creating 3D visualizations. And this is where you can use the commands from the Break-lines and 3D command group. Commands are as follows: Digitize Break-lines (11K1) is a simple drawing tool for the digitalization of break lines on the basis of known heights or a draft/scanogram. Generate Break-lines from 2D drawing and XYZ data (11K3) - is a complex tool for the automatic creation of 3D break lines based on 2D lines and data from a XYZ file. Transform points and connections from 2D to 3D and reversed (1K3) is a command for the transformation of two-dimensional plan elements into 3D and vice versa.
Break lines representing the boundary values for the creation of a DTMs triangular mesh play a very important role in creating a digital terrain model. Break lines can present, for example, terrain faults, terraces, walls, ditches, roadsides, cuts, fills, and other similar elements. AutoCAD draws three-dimensional break lines as 3D polygons. Most commonly, the transformation into 3D is performed based on survey points (created with the LAYOUT module) and three-dimensional AutoCAD elements (polygon and point elements). In any case, the program has to be able to read the elevation of a specific element in order to be capable of transforming it into 3D. Every point, drawn with one of CGS plus commands, has the elevation attribute that can be used by the programs 3D transformation routines. This is, however, not true for normal AutoCAD line, pline, point and other elements; the elevations of these elements can only be read by CGS plus programs if they already are three-dimensional.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Generating 3D break lines from a set of given points and their heights Points and their elevations 3D break lines as 3DPOLY elements 10_3D_BREAK_LINES 11K3, 11L4 DIGITIZE BREAK-LINES 11K1
The Digitize Break-lines (11K1) command creates a three-dimensional polyline (3DPOLY entity), representing a terrain fault or the edge of a roadway, embankment, watercourse, etc. A break line created with this command can be used as the input for the QuickSurfs Extract break-lines from Drawing (11L4) command when generating a digital terrain model. Supposing you want to digitize a roadside with only a few points surveyed. The purpose of the digitalization is to improve the accuracy of the ground plan at the roadside and of the heights
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between individual survey points. The roadways ground plan is derived from the layout drawing or the scanogram used as a foundation for the plan creation. A break line can be defined by selecting a series of points along the desired edge. If these points have been created using CGS plus programs, the program retrieves all the three point coordinates (X, Y, and Z) automatically. Otherwise, (i.e. if you select a point that is not a PK_DP or PK_TP point or is of a different type) the program will only automatically retrieve the X and Y coordinates. The Z coordinate will have to be entered manually. You can start the digitalization process by selecting an initial point with a known elevation (Z coordinate). You can then continue selecting a series of points until you reach the final point whose elevation also has to be known. The elevation of all intermediate points without a known Z coordinate will be calculated automatically using an interpolation. After the successful input of all necessary information, the program will draw a 3DPOLY element (the break line) on the 10_3D_BREAK_LINES layer.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11K, 11L Automatically defining elevation for 2D contours 2D contours, initial elevation. equidistance 3D contours, points at polyline intersection AUTOMATIC 2D-CONTOURS ELEVATION DEFINITION 11K2
Using this command you can perform an automatic elevation definition for 2D contours. In addition, it is useful for drawing digitalization and converting data 2D->3D. You can use contours with elevation for DMR production using the Quicksurf program. Prior to invoking this command you need to draw a line or polyline intersecting contours. After invoking the command, first select the line intersecting contours and then those contours to which you want to define elevations. The following dialog box opens:
Legend: Intial elevation... first contour elevation, Equidistance... elevation difference between two neighbouring contours, Number height...label heights that are drawn at the intersection with a line,
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Layer... layer to which labels are drawn.
After clicking the OK button, contours get elevations and are coloured. At the intersections with given line or polyline labels get drawn. The picture below shows an example of contour definition having the following settings: Initial elevation = 100, Equidistance = 5.
Figure: Definition of contours (Initial elevation: 100, equidistance: 5). Program takes into account a direction of line intersecting the contours. You need to draw either a line or polyline in the direction of elevation increase.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: drawing of 3D break-lines using 2D lines and elevation data 2D break-lines, file with coordinates, geodetic points 3D break-lines drawn as 3D POLY elements 10_3D_BREAK_LINES, 10_3D_BREAK_LINES_ERRORS 11K1, 11L4 DRAW 3D BREAK-LINES USING 2D DRAWING 11K3
The Draw 3D break-lines using 2D drawing (11K3) command represents a great aid when drawing 3D break-lines. Especially when having 2D DWG drawings on disposal that weren't made using the CGS plus programs and when you want to calculate a digital terrain model from them. Using the 11K3 command, you can draw 3D break-lines providing you have already drawn 2D break-lines with line, pline and arc commands and elevation data recorded either in CGS points or in files of the ASC or XYZ type. For each selected 2D line element representing a break-line and for each line element point (start, end and mid points), program searches the appropriate X and Y coordinates either from selected points in a drawing or from selected ASC or XYZ files. If it finds appropriate X and Y coordinates for a treated line element point, it reads an elevation label from the point or file. Program repeats the procedure for each point of the selected line element. If it succeeds in finding X, Y and Z coordinates for at least two points, it will draw an appropriate 3D poly element. It is recommended to have coordinate data for start and end point of a selected 2D line element available. This way, program can do a linear interpolation of mid points in case there are no appropriate elevation labels. Program puts those parts of the curves for which 3D break-line cannot be drawn on the 10_3D_BREAK_LINES_ERRORS layer while successfully drawn break-lines are put on the 10_3D_BREAK_LINES layer.
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PLATEIA enables selecting of points not lying exactly on selected element. They just need to be near to the element start or end points.
When invoking the 11K3 command, the following dialog box appears:
The Draw 3D break-lines using 2D drawing dialog box explanation:

3D edges Errors Select 2D Line/Pline objects Select points if this option is selcted, user can select layer for successfuly created 3D edges if this option is selcted, user can select layer for objects that can not be drawn in 3D. select 2D, pline (also with arc segments) or arc elements to be transformed to a 3D space if 2D elements that you want to lift touch drawn PLATEIA points, program can read elevation labels from selected points
By clicking the Points in file tab, you can use points directly from files.
>> ASC Input file ... select ASC type file with point data. ASC file is described in Appendix A. >> XYZ Input file .... select XYZ type file with point data. XYZ file is described in Appendix A.
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By clicking the Settings tab, set the following parameters:
Arc interpolation accuracy [m] ... allowed ground plan accuracy for arc interpolations with chord polygons. Selected accuracy represents a distance between arc and chord mid point; Tolerance [m] ... arc starts and ends can be positioned at a certain distance from the selected points. Example below shows 3D break-lines that were successfully drawn as the program considered the a area of individual points defined by the tolerance.
Tolerance is considered only for the arc (line) starts and ends. Example below shows 3D break-lines that werent successfully drawn as the program finds only the point at the utmost right. Although the second point lies in the selected point area, program does not consider it as a real arc start or end.
Again, it might be important to stress the difference between connections made either by the Insert connection (11I2) or Insert connections <- CON (11I3) commands and those connections made by the AutoCAD commands such as Line and Pline. CGS connections (11I2 and 11I3 commands) are elements in which start and end point labels are written if such element connects geodetic points. Therefore, they enable reading of elevation labels of start and end points and relatively simple connection drawing in a form of a 3D break-line. You can do this using the Generate break lines from connections (11K6) command.
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By using the usual AutoCAD elements it is more difficult to define coordinates of the start and end points. Namely, such elements do not have written data of a start and end point and program has to gain the elevation labels either from selected points or files. In such case you use the Draw 3D break-lines using 2D drawing and XYZ file (11K3) command.
TRANSFORM POINTS FROM 2D TO 3D AND REVERSED 11K4
Transforming 2D points into 3D and vice versa Points Points Depending on points 11F1, 11F2
Points can be drawn in either two or in three dimensions. You can select the appropriate draw method to be applied (2D or 3D) when reading points from a XYZ file with the Input points (11F1) command. More often than not, layout plans are drawn in two dimensions. Nevertheless, sometimes it is necessary for you to "lift" the drawn 2D points to 3D (or vice versa). For this purpose, use the Transform points from 2D to 3D and reversed (11K4) command. When transforming a 3D drawing into 2D, you can also specify the desired new elevation of all points (a 2D drawing does not necessarily have to be on elevation 0.0 m). A three-dimensional drawing can serve for visualization purposes or for the optical verification of the defined heights. In a 3D drawing, an incorrect point height can easily be identified with AutoCADs axonometric view (VPOINT command). After selecting the Transform points from 2D to 3D and reversed (11K4) command, the following dialog box appears:
The Transform points from 2D to 3D and vice versa dialog box explanation:
Select points Method click this button to select the points to be transformed from the drawing select the transformation type (to 2D or to 3D)
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Height
activating 2D method allows you to also enter the target elevation for the selected points
TRANSFORM CONNECTIONS FROM 2D TO 3D AND REVERSED 11K5
Transforming 2D connections into 3D and vice versa connections connections Depending on connections 11F1, 11I2
Connections can be drawn in either two or in three dimensions. You can select the appropriate draw method to be applied (2D or 3D) when reading points from a XYZ file with the Input points (11F1) command. If points are drawn in 3D, so are the appropriate connections. More often than not, layout plans are drawn in two dimensions. Nevertheless, sometimes it is necessary for you to "lift" the drawn 2D connections to 3D (or vice versa). For this purpose, use the Transform connections from 2D to 3D and reversed (11K5) command. When transforming a 3D drawing into 2D, you can also specify the desired new elevation of all connections (a 2D drawing does not necessarily have to be on elevation 0.0 m). A three-dimensional drawing can serve for visualization purposes or for the optical verification of the defined heights. In a 3D drawing, an incorrect point height can easily be identified with AutoCADs axonometric view (VPOINT command). After selecting the Transform connections from 2D to 3D and reversed (11K5) command, the following dialog box appears:
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The Transform drawing from 2D to 3D and vice versa dialog box explanation:
Select connections click this button to select the connections to be transformed from the drawing. The selected connections must be "true" connections, created with one of the 11I2, 11I3, or 11F1 commands (not with normal AutoCAD commands like LINE or PLINE) select the transformation type (to "2D" or to "3D") Activating 2D method allows you to also enter the target elevation for the selected connections
Method Height
GENERATE 3D BREAK LINES FROM CONNECTIONS 11K6
Transforming connections into 3D break lines connections 3D polylines 10_3D_BREAK_LINES 11F1, 11L4
Command 11K6 is intended to generate 3D break lines from connections. The difference between 3D connections and 3D break lines is that the latter are joined together accurately and are thus suitable for the calculation of a digital terrain model. After selecting the Generate 3D break lines from connections (11K6) command, the following dialog box opens:
With Select lines button user selects connections for generating 3D break lines.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Creating the parallel copy of a three-dimensional polyline 3D polyline Parallel copy of the selected 3D polyline Current layer 11K1 PLINE/3DPOLY 3D OFFSET 11K7
The PLINE/3DPOLY 3D Offset (11K7) command creates the parallel copy of an existing 3D polyline. To create the parallel copy of a three-dimensional polyline:
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1. Select the existing 3D polyline. 2. Enter the horizontal offset and the height difference between the existing and the newly created polyline. 3. Select the side that you would like to make the copy on. The result is a new 3D polyline, parallel to the selected one.
Figure: Parallel copy of a 3D polyline. The PLINE/3DPOLY 3D Offset (11K7) command can be used to create 3D break lines parallel to existing polylines (e.g. retaining walls, bridges, and terraces).
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Generating elevation labels on three-dimensional polylines 3D polylines Elevation labels Current layer 11U2, 11U3 GENERATE ELEVATION LABELS ON 3DPOLY 11K8
This command generates elevation labels for selected 3D Polylines. After starting the 11K8 command, the following options appear in the command line: Polyline/Settings/<Point>:
Command line explanation: Polyline selects one or more 3D polylines from the drawing; the program generates elevation labels for all vertices of the selected entities. Settings Point changes the number of decimal places and text height of the dimensioning labels. generates an elevation label for a single point on a 3D polyline.
Once the program has generated the elevation labels, the following options appear in the command line: Text-offset<@0.00,0.00>:
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Text-offset is the offset of the elevation labels from the appropriate 3DPOLY vertices. You can use the Generate elevation labels on 3DPOLY (11K8) command to generate elevation labels on roadsides, terrain faults, walls, etc., often generated with the Digitize Break-lines (11K1) command.
Figure: Elevation labels on a 3DPOLY entity.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Conversion of 3D elements (Point, Block, Text, Circle, Line and Polyline) to 2D AutoCAD elements drawn in 3D AutoCAD elements drawn in 2D defined by means of selected elements 11K1, 11K3 TRANSFORM LINE,PLINE, ARC ENTITIES FROM 3D -> 2D 11K9
The Conversion of Auto CAD elements from 3D to 2D (11K9) command projects selected AutoCAD elements (Point, Block, Text, Circle, Line, Polyline in 3DPoly) drawn in 3D to any 2D layout. At the same time you select elevation of area to which these elements are projected. This command is very useful when some of the elements are drawn in 3D and some in 2D and you want to arrange the drawing.
Figure Left: elements in 3D; Right: elements after their projection to 2D;
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2.12. 11M - Symbol Libraries

The program has over 300 built-in symbols divided into two symbol libraries: Library 1 (point symbols for topographical blocks) and Library 2 (point symbols for cadaster blocks).
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands:11M
TTN POINT SYMBOLS 11M1 inserting and editing of topographic symbols
defined for the individual symbol
This command enables inserting and editing of topographic symbol database of the base topographic plan. This command uses a SYMBOL MANAGER program. You can see a description of SYMBOL MANAGER operation in the introduction.
KKN POINT SYMBOLS 11M2
inserting and editing of municipial infrastructure cadastre
defined for the individual symbol 11M
This command enables inserting and editing of municipial infrastructure cadastre symbols. This command uses a SYMBOL MANAGER program. You can see a description of SYMBOL MANAGER operation in the introduction.
SAVE SYMBOLS TO FILE -> PSY 11M3
saving symbols to a file of type PSY from drawing PSY file 11M
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This command enables saving of any point symbols to a PSY file. After invoking the command, you need to select symbols in order to save them to the file. You can select between the symbols saved by means of the SYMBOL MANAGER program or any elements of the Block reference type. After you have finished your selection, the following dialog box appears:
In the dialog box you can select a path, section and PSY filename. Existing sections are shown in the list. Symbols related data you can save to a PSY file comprise: block name, X coordinate, Y coordinate, Z coordinate, SCALE - X direction, SCALE - Y direction, SCALE - Z direction, rotation, block layer.
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Example of PSY file:

# 1 * BLOCK_NAME NIVP2 NIVP2 TR1 TR2 TR1 TR2 TR2 TR1 NIVP2 X 209.873 179.463 195.247 206.511 208.489 195.095 230.560 236.039 250.195 Y 167.840 146.198 151.219 150.763 158.825 164.909 157.456 166.431 169.321 Z 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 SCALE_X 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 SCALE_Y 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 SCALE_Z 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 1.00000000 ROTATION 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 LAYER 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL 10_SYMBOL
READ SYMBOLS FROM FILE <- PSY 11M4
Reads symbols from file PSY file
11M
Command 11M4 reads symbols from PSY type of file and inserts them into the drawing.
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2.13. 11N - Cut/Fill Hatches

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 10_CUT_FILL 11N, 11B Drawing cut/fill boundaries, hatches and colors DRAW CUT/FILL HATCH 11N1
Command is used to draw new Cut/Fill hatching. Command can be started by entering C3D_HATCHPOLY in to command line or by clicking command Utilities>Draw hatch from the CGS Extensions tool palette. After starting the command, dialog box appears:
On the right side of the dialog box we have to select the option for defining the boundary of the hatch. If we choose Upper and lower edges, we should provide the upper edges (Define upper to select edges:) and lower edges (Define lower edges:) by click on the corresponding button them from the drawing. If we choose 4 bounding points, we should provide the four parallelogram to pick them from the drawing. points by click on the button Command can draw hatches for fill or cut. Hatch lines are perpendicular to the upper edges in case of fill and to the lower edges in case of cut (only if option Perpendicular hatch-lines is selected). On the left side of the dialog box, there are parameters which defines hatch: Layer, Hatch density (in drawing units), Length of longer lines (in %) and Length of shorter lines (in %). Short hatch lines are drawn always on the hatch upper edge. Hatch lines can be perpendicular to the lower or upper edge if option Perpendicular hatch-lines is selected. In this case parameter Take angle bisector into account defines how hatch lines are drawn in areas where they could intersect. Parameter Variable hatch density can be used if distance
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between upper and lower edge is variable. If distance is longer, then distance between hatch lines is longer, if distance is shorter, then also distance between hatch lines is shorter. If option Hatching is selected, hatch lines are drawn. If Coloring is selected, hatch area is colored by selected color. In the pictures below, hatches are drawn with different parameter variations: hatches were created by the same parameters with option Perpendicular hatch-lines and Take angle bisector into account turned on, except parameter Type of hatch. The left is in fill and the right is in cut.
Fill hatches were created by the same parameters, except parameters Perpendicular hatch-lines and Variable hatch density. Hatches in first row were created by Perpendicular hatch-lines turned on and hatches in second column were created by Variable hatch density turned on.
Fill hatch was defined by two upper edges (Define upper edges:) and three lower edges (Define lower edges:).
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EDIT CUT/FILL HATCH 11N2
Editing cut/fill boundaries, hatches and colors Existing cut/fill hatch Drawn cut/fill 10_CUT, 10_FILL 11N,11B
Command is used to edit existing Cut/Fill hatching in the drawing. Command can be started by entering 11N2. After starting the command, user is asked to select any of the hatch element from the drawing. Then the following dialog appears:
Parameters in the dialog are set to the proper values. Any parameter except Define area can be changed in the dialog. When hatch was created with option Upper and lower edges, then it cannot be converted to 4 bounding points. By clicking OK, existing hatch is erased and new hatch is created.
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Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: See also commands:
ERASE CUT/FILL HATCH 11N3
Removing selected cut/fill hatches from the drawing Cuts/fills 11N, 11B
With this command, you can erase selected cuts/fills from the drawing. After you have started this command, you have to select the cuts/fills to be erased (it is enough to select a single element of the cut/fill to be erased e.g. a hatch line).
2.14.
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11O - Draw
The Draw command group contains several useful commands for the arrangement of your layout drawing. From here you can create and label a decimal grid, search for uniform slopes, draw rectangular buildings, hatch buildings and draw stairs.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Creating and labeling a decimal grid Grid elements to be labeled and output settings Decimal grid 10_CROSSES 11B DRAW AND LABEL DECIMAL GRID 11O1
This command draws a decimal grid in accordance with the current scale. You have to select two diametrical points that define the rectangular area for the output of the grid. The SNAP AutoCAD command is activated for the decimal grid generation. When the decimal grid is to be labeled, the following line appears in the command line: Dimensioning/<First point>:
If you select the option Dimensioning (press "d) a dialog box opens, allowing you to select the desired grid elements to be labeled and to define the output settings. You can preview the selected output settings directly in the Draw and Label Decimal Grid dialog box.
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The Draw and label Decimal Grid dialog box explanation:

Select grid-elements Output type Output click this button to select the grid elements to be labeled. in this list you can select one of the two output types for grid labels: Line (in one line) or Column (in two lines). in this list you can select the coordinates to be inserted into the drawing.
Example: Labeled grid element (output type: Column):
DRAW POINTS FOR DECIMAL GRID 11O2
Saving CGS points in selected coordinate mesh saving area, distance, point type, counter drawn mesh of CGS points defined by points 11E3, 11E4
This function enables the user saving the field of any CGS points to a selected screen in the drawing. Field size can be specified by using diametral points. Any point types and distances between them can be specified. When you run this command, a menu appears in the command line by means which you can select Settings or select the first point by which you define the area of drawing. Settings/<First point>: When performing the size selection of the field in which points will be drawn, you select two diametral points. Points are drawn and are labeled from the left to the right and from up to down.
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Example of drawn point field:
Figure: Drawn point field. Points' size depends on the currently set scale in drawing. By changing this scale, also the points' size is changed while interspaces between the individual points are preserved. By selecting the Settings option in a command line, a dialog box appears (see below) in which you can set entered point type, distance between individual points and initial value of numbering (upper left point label). The Settings dialog box:
UNIFORM SLOPE 11O3 None Creating a line with a uniform slope Height difference between contours, slope Line with a uniform slope Current layer
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This command helps you find the curve / path with a uniform slope along the terrain. For the command to be executed successfully, the contours have to be present in the layout plan. Enter the elevation difference between two adjacent contours, the slope in percent (%) and the starting point. The command draws a construction circle. Select the intersection between the construction circle and the next contour. Repeat the procedure and finish it with ENTER. A polyline entity is drawn, representing the path with a uniform slope.
Figure: Uniform terrain slope. This command can be very useful when searching for the corridor or area of an approach way or road with a prescribed maximum slope.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Creating a rectangular building Boundary points of the building Rectangular building Current layer 11O5 RECTANGULAR BUILDINGS 11O4
The Rectangular Buildings (11O4) command can be used to insert manually surveyed rectangular building points into the layout plan. The result of the command is a closed polyline representing the building. First, define the baseline with the help of two points. The baseline serves as the basis for the creation of all other building perpendiculars. After defining the baseline you can either enter the buildings dimensions or select the consecutive points around the building. The easiest way of defining the lengths of individual building sides is to move the crosshairs to the wanted direction with the pointing device and then enter the side length. To create a nonperpendicular building side press F8 this switches the orthogonal input method off (press F8 to switch it on again). To undo the input of an incorrect point press U (Undo) and to close the polygon press C (Close).
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Figure: Rectangular building.
HATCH BUILDINGS 11O5
Hatching of one or more buildings Building boundary or break points Hatched building(s) Current layer 11O4
Use this command to hatch an existing building (i.e. a closed polyline) or to draw a building and hatch it simultaneously. Drawing and hatching buildings simultaneously can make work much easier when designing densely populated town centers. The gap size between the hatch and the building side and the hatch angle are user-definable.
Figure: Hatched building.
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STAIRS 11O6
Creating stairs Three points Drawn stairs Current layer
Finishing a layout drawing often includes creating stairs for a specific building. With the Stairs (11O6) command you can easily create stairs with an arbitrary width by only selecting three points.
Figure 2-22: Stairs in the layout drawing.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: CONNECTING LOWEST POINTS IN CROSS-SECTIONS 11O7 None Linking the lowest points in profiles with polyline points drawn polyline current layer
This command finds the lowest points in an individual profile and connects them to the polyline. Points must be CGS points and must have defined cross-section by means of an attribute. Example:
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Figure : CONNECTING LOWEST POINTS IN CROSS-SECTIONS
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2.15. 11P - Output

This command group contains different commands for creating text files containing plan data. Such files can later be edited with any text editor.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: See also commands: Saving stakeout elements to a SET file Layout point and stakeout points SET output file 11F STAKEOUT -> SET 11P1
This command allows you to save terrain stakeout data to a file. To create the SET file, select the base point, the orientation and the points for which the stakeout elements are to be saved. The SET file format supports multiple file sections where every section can be used as a separate base point. After selecting the STAKEOUT -> SET (11P1) command, the following dialog box appears:
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The STAKEOUT dialog box explanation: (SET file format: See Appendix A.)
Output file List of sections List of sections, Section name Data, Comment Data, Select base point Data, Select target point Data, Stakeout elements Output Angles Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: See also commands: Creating a longitudinal section based on selected points Selected points, starting station LON file 11P3 enter the name of the SET output file if you choose an existing file in Output file, the appropriate file sections are listed here. enter the name of a new section. click this button to open a new dialog box, where you can enter a comment. click this button to select the base point. click this button to select the target point for the base point orientation; if you select no target point, the program will use the default value NORTH. click this button to select the points (elements) for which stakeout data is to be saved. select what data you would like to save to the SET output file. choose how the angles will be saved (in degrees or gradients). DEFINE LONGITUDINAL-SECTION -> LON 11P2
Using the Define Longitudinal-section (11P2) command, you can create a longitudinal section based on a layout point selection. The program fetches the elevation of each point and if you defined the starting station of the longitudinal section determines their stations. After starting the Define Longitudinal-section (11P2) command, the Define Longitudinal-section dialog box appears:
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The Define Longitudinal-section dialog box explanation:

Output file, Longitudinal section List of existing sections List of sections, Section name Profile label Base station enter the name of the LON file to which the longitudinal section will be saved. a list of existing file section in the Output file. enter the name of a new file section; each LON can contain more longitudinal sections with different file section names. select the appropriate method for the section labeling; you can choose between point labels and a cross-section labels (if the latter is stored in the that point). specify the station at the beginning of the longitudinal section.
After setting the appropriate parameters and clicking OK, you can start selecting the points in the drawing. The coordinates and station of the last selected point are also displayed on screen. LON file format: See Appendix A.
DEFINE CROSS-SECTIONS -> CRO 11P3
Creating a cross section Output file name, cross section points CRO file 11P2
This command is similar to the 11P2 command for defining a longitudinal section. Cross sections created with the Define Cross-sections (11P3) command are saved to a CRO file. After selecting the command, the Define Cross-sections dialog box, in which the name of the output file and the name of the file section can be selected, appears:
Define the cross-section number, the starting station, and the point in the axis of the profile. The following options appear in the command line :
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Right/Group of points/<Point left>
Command line explanation: Right Group of points Point left select points on the right side of the axis. select multiple points simultaneously (points are sorted automatically). select a single point on the left side of the axis.
The selected cross section points are transferred to a special window where you can determine the height difference, the length and the coordinates between individual points.
You can open a menu with various output settings by right-clicking the above window. CRO file format: See Appendix A.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: DEFINE CROSS-SECTION - STEP-BY-STEP 11P4 None Defining cross-section step-by-step initial point and direction, horizontal distances and elevation differences saved points 10_CONSTR_LINES 11P2, 11P3
This functions is meant for users who measure cross-sections by using a step-by-step tool. It functions similarly as a standard built-in function for cross-section definition. On the basis of selected horizontal lengths (A1, A2, ...) and elevation differences (B1, B2, ...) you can draw points to a drawing. User first selects a profile number. Then he/she selects a profile initial point and also a profile direction point. Axis point and profile direction point define a straight line in which the cross-section is calculated. After that saving of horizontal distances, elevation differences and individual point labels follows.
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Right/<Horizontal distance>: Elevation difference: Label:
Figure below shows a significance of the horizontal distance (A1, A2, ...) and elevation difference (B1, B2, ...). If you want to move a target point, you would enter 0 for horizontal distance and a new elevation of target point for elevation difference according to a terrain.
Drawing:
AXIS
A1
A2
B2 TARGET POINT 1 B
Figure: Defining cross-section step-by-step. This function enables also data input jump between the left and right side while the profile look can be seen in special window.
If you want to end your profile entering/saving, click Enter and additionally confirm your exit. When you finished with data saving, you can enter the points of calculated cross-section into the drawing: Enter profile points to drawing Yes/No <Yes>:
Drawn points are linked by a 3D-polyline lying on the 10_CONSTR_LINES layer.
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SAVE DIRECTION ANGLES -> ANG 11P5 None Saving of direction angles to an ANG file Output file name, starting station ANG file
With this command, you can save the station and direction angles between selected layout points to a ANG file. After starting the command, enter the name of the ANG output file. Then select the starting station in kilometers and meters. Direction angles are measured in a clockwise direction, starting from north (i.e. north is 0.00, east 90.00 degrees) and are saved in the form of decimal degrees. The station and direction angles of the last selected point are also displayed on screen. After selecting all desired points press ENTER to stop the command execution. Example of the ANG file:
* STA_KM STA_M 0 0.00 0 26.21 0 41.56 0 53.85 0 80.78 DIRECTION_ANG 79.7219 33.1556 81.6390 64.2803 55.7700
ANG file format: See Appendix A.
X Y Z EXTRACT FROM ENTITIES -> XYZ 11P6
Extracting the X, Y and Z coordinates of selected 3D AutoCAD entities to a QS file Output file name and entities, which coordinates are to be extracted XYZ file Layers
See also commands: 11K1
The X Y Z Extract from Entities -> XYZ (11P6) command is a useful tool for extracting the X, Y, and Z coordinates of characteristic 3D AutoCAD entity points to a XYZ file that can be opened with 11F1. The extracted point coordinates can be used, for example, to replace existing three-dimensional AutoCAD points in a drawing with corresponding CGS points. To achieve this: 1. First select the points to be extracted in the drawing. 2. Now the points are ready to be read in again as CGS points with the Input points <- XYZ (11F1) command. After starting the X Y Z Extract from Entities -> QS (11P6) command, the following dialog box opens:
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The XYZ Extract from Entities dialog box explanation:

Output file, XYZ filename Drawing entities, Select entities the name of the XYZ output file. click this button to select the AutoCAD entities from which the coordinates are to be extracted (It can be any AutoCAD entity LINE, PLINE, ARC, TEXT, etc.). If the selected elements are three-dimensional, the Z coordinate will be equal to the elevation value of the elements characteristic point. Otherwise, the Z coordinate will be null (0).
The format of a XYZ file: See Appendix A.
X Y Z EXTRACT FROM TEXT -> TXT 11P7
Extracting the X, Y, and Z coordinates from TEXT elements and saving them to a TXT file Output file name and elements, from which coordinates are to be extracted TXT file 11C1,11F1
This command extracts the X, Y and Z coordinates from text entities i.e. from point elevation labels to a TXT file. This command is very useful if you want to extract the X, Y, and Z coordinates from a two-dimensional AutoCAD drawing where all elevations are labeled with AutoCAD TEXT elements (usually to create a digital terrain model). After selecting the X Y Z Extract from Text -> TXT (11P7) command, the following dialog box appears:
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The XYZ Extract from Text dialog box explanation:

Output file, TXT filename Drawing entities, Select entities Distance from real point enter the file name, to which the coordinates from the TEXT elements are to be saved. click this button to select the TEXT elements, enter the difference (in X and Y coordinates) between the coordinates of the TEXT element and the actual position of the point (this difference is usually equal for all points).
The result of the command execution is a TXT file. See example below:
* EAST 513767.418 513784.369 513795.056 513788.171 513780.172 513774.404 513795.664 513777.783 513771.194 513771.091 513776.294 NORTH 45690.729 45691.865 45691.762 45688.059 45678.180 45686.169 45666.311 45671.906 45677.937 45669.359 45667.018 Z 171.47 170.86 171.69 171.74 171.66 171.59 172.72 172.03 171.72 171.86 172.09
A TXT file can be converted into a XYZ file with the Convert columns -> XYZ (11C1) command or read directly into QuickSurf using the Read points from file (11L2) command. You can find a more detailed description of the TXT file format in appendix A.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: See also commands: Coordinate extract from points / blocks with attributes blocks with attributes XYZ file type 11F9 GENERATE XYZ FILE FROM BLOCK / POINT -> XYZ 11P8
The 11P8 command has been made in order to save points' data to the XYZ file from the blocks with attributes representing the geodetical points and which were not necessarily made by the program. The following condition is involved when using the 11P8 command condition: Points in drawing should be drawn as blocks with attributes each representing different item: one terrain elevation, other attribute and the third number or point label. When you run the 11P8 command, you select in drawing a typical point (block with attributes). In a dialog box you define the attributes representing a terrain elevation and a point number or a point label. Then you select points to be saved to the XYZ file and define a name of output file.
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It happens frequently that you need to deal with drawings havent been made by the CGS plus programs or they have been made by some older version of the program. Points (blocks with attributes) drawn by other programs are not compatible with CGS points. It can be useful to first save such points data to the XYZ file and then read them again by using the Input points <-XYZ (11F1) command.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: See also commands:
TRANSLATE XYZ -> LON 11P9 None Converting an XYZ file to a LON file XYZ file LON file 11F1,11F9,11P2
With this command, you can calculate a longitudinal section directly from a XYZ file and save it to a LON file. You can also specify the starting station of the calculated section. If the file contains more file sections, the base station can be used: For every file section separately, or Only for the first file section, meaning that the starting station of the next file section will be equal to the ending station of the previous file section.
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After selecting the Translate XYZ -> LON (11P9) command, the following dialog box appears:
The Translate XYZ-> LON dialog box explanation:

Input file, XYZ file List of sections Output file, LON file Base station Settings the name of the XYZ input file to be converted a list of existing file sections in the XYZ input file the name of the LON output file with the calculated longitudinal section. enter the station at the beginning of the longitudinal section. choose how the entered base section will be interpreted by the command (see also above).
XYZ and LON file formats: See Appendix A.
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2.16. 11Q - List of Elements

With the commands from this command group you can create lists of point and longitudinal elements from the layout plan. Point elements include elements such as lamps, trees, parking places while longitudinal elements include curbstones, conduits, etc.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: DEFINE POINT-ELEMENTS 11Q1 None Defining point elements to be included in a list Element label Selected point elements 10_CONSTR_LINES 11Q
By using this command you can define ("record") point elements to be included in a list. Generally, elements can be divided into two groups: Elements with symbols or blocks (e.g., trees, lamps, and ditches). Creating a list of such elements is easy because they are already defined you only have to select the elements you want to include in the list. Elements without explicit symbols (e.g., parking places, houses and water scoops); such elements have to be defined ("recorded") prior to making a list.
While selecting the desired elements, an AutoCAD circle or any other symbol is drawn. After starting the Define Point-elements (11Q1) command, the following command line options appear: Symbol= ACAD_POINT Symbol/<Element label>:
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If you select the Symbol option, the Select symbol dialog box appears:
Here you can choose any other symbol instead of AutoCADs point symbol. Now the symbol label has to be defined. A symbol label is an arbitrary string for example, a short description of the element ("lime_tree", "parking_place", etc.) Point elements can be defined individually, but the program also allows changing the labels of multiple existing elements after selecting the Group option.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11Q EXTRACT POINT-ELEMENTS -> LIS 11Q2 None Saving defined point elements to a LIS file File name, point elements Saved LIS output file
This command saves all defined point elements in a LIS file. After starting the command, you first have to select the elements to be included in the list. Then the following dialog box opens:
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The Extract Point-elements dialog box explanation:

Output file, Filename List of sections List of sections, Section name Selected elements enter the name of the LIS output file. a list of appropriate/existing file sections enter the name of a new section. a list of point elements, including the appropriate label and number of elements in the selected area.
LIS file format: See Appendix A.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11Q DEFINE LONGITUDINAL-ELEMENTS 11Q3 None Defining longitudinal-element labels Label, longitudinal element Labels of selected longitudinal elements
A list of longitudinal elements can be created to determine the length of conduits, streets, curbstones, ground signs, etc. These elements have already been inserted into the layout plan with the help of line, pline and arc entities. However, in order to create a list, you will have to assign a label to each longitudinal element. An element label is an arbitrary string (e.g. "curbstone", "central_lane", and "sewer-pipe") and defines the type of the longitudinal element uniformly. After starting the Define Longitudinal-elements (11Q3) command, you have to enter the element label to be assigned to the selected longitudinal elements. Longitudinal elements can be line, pline or arc entities. Individual elements can only have one label. If you select an element several times, only the last label is stored.
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EXTRACT LONGITUDINAL-ELEMENTS -> LIS 11Q4 None Saving selected longitudinal elements to a LIS file File name, selected longitudinal elements Saved LIS output file 11Q
The lengths of longitudinal elements with a defined label can be saved in a LIN file with this command. After starting the Extract Longitudinal-elements -> LIS (11Q4) command, you have to select the longitudinal elements. Then the following dialog box opens:
The Extract Longitudinal-elements dialog box Explanation:

Output file, Filename Existing sections Existing sections, Section name Selected longitudinal elements enter the name of the LIS output file if you choose an existing file in Output file, the appropriate file sections are listed here enter the name of a new section. a list of longitudinal-element labels and the total lengths of the appropriate element types
LIS file format: See Appendix A.
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VERIFY ELEMENT 11Q5 None Displaying a list of point and longitudinal element labels Point or longitudinal elements List of element labels 11Q
Using this command, you can display a list of element labels defined with one of the Define Pointelements (11Q1) or Define Longitudinal-elements (11Q3) commands. This command only displays a list of the labels to change a specific label, use the 11Q1/11Q3 commands.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11Q MEASURE LONGITUDINAL-ELEMENTS LENGTH 11Q6 None Measure length of selected longitudinal elements Elements in the drawing Element length
Using this command, you can measure length of selected AutoCAD elements in the drawing. Elements can be LINE, PLINE or ARC. After starting the command, you have to select the element. Length of selected element and common length of selected elements are written in the command line.
2.17. 11R - Output, Parcels

The Parcels command group contains commands for defining, editing and erasing parcels and for defining individual parcel attributes. Defined parcels make a good basis for the further processing of the layout drawing under AutoCAD MAP.
DEFINE PARCEL-ATTRIBUTES 11R1
Defining attributes of an individual parcel Parcel attributes Modified PP_DEFUN.PRP??? file See also other
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You can associate each parcel with a user-defined set of attributes (e.g. ownership, cadastral community and share). After selecting the Define parcel-attributes (11R1) command, the following dialog box, in which you can edit (i.e. add, erase and rename) individual parcel attributes, opens:
The Edit parcel-attributes dialog box explanation:

Attributes Add Erase Rename a list of already defined attributes. click this button to add a new attribute. click this button to remove a defined attribute. click this button to rename a defined attribute.
DEFINE PARCEL 11R2
Defining a new parcel Boundary points of the parcel Parcel in the drawing 10_PARCELS 11R
With this command, you can define a new parcel in the drawing. To define a new parcel, enter the parcel number and select the appropriate boundary points the program draws the parcel boundaries and labels them with their lengths. When all boundary points have been defined, the position of the parcel number has to be selected. Before the new parcel definition is completed, the following dialog box opens:
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The Parcel: 1000 dialog box explanation:

Boundary points Perimeter Attribute-visibility Attributes a list of defined boundary points. the perimeter of the parcel. activate this check box to make the attributes visible in the drawing. click this button to open a new dialog box, allowing the definition of the parcel attributes.
Use the Parcel attributes dialog box for the definition of parcel attributes:
Figure: Parcels.
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EDIT PARCEL 11R3
Modifying of parcel attributes and boundary points Parcel Edited parcel data 11R
With this command, you can modify the data of defined parcels. The command allows you to add new boundary points or remove existing ones. If you would like to add a new boundary point, just select the point, after which the new one will be inserted, click Add and define the new point. After starting the Edit parcel (11R3) command, you have to select the parcel to be modified. The Parcel: 1000 dialog box appears:
The Parcel: 1000 dialog box explanation:

Boundary points Boundary points, Add Boundary points, Remove Perimeter Attribute-visibility Attributes a list of defined boundary points click this button to add a new boundary point to the list. click this button to remove an existing boundary point from the list. the perimeter of the parcel. activate this check box to make the attributes visible in the drawing. click this button to open a new dialog box, allowing the definition of the parcel attributes.
Layout 113
ERASE PARCEL 11R4
Erasing of a defined parcel together with its elements Parcel
11R
This command allows you to erase a parcel from the layout drawing. Just select the appropriate parcel number the program removes all elements belonging to the parcel (boundary lines and length labels) automatically. If another parcel shares one or more boundary lines with the erased one, only the boundary lines of the erased parcel will be removed from the drawing.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11R Modifying the output of the parcel attributes Parcel OUTPUT ATTRIBUTE VALUES TO DWG 11R5
Using this command you can modify the visibility of individual attributes in the drawing and modify the size of their output text. After starting the Output attribute values to DWG (11R5) command, select the parcels and the attribute output of which you would like to modify. The Output attribute values to DWG dialog box appears:
The Output attribute values to DWG dialog box explanation:

Attributes Properties, Visible a list of defined parcel attributes together with their visibility flags and their size. click this button to make the selected attribute visible.
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Properties, Invisible Properties, Text-height
click this button to make the selected attribute invisible. click this button to modify the size of the attribute's text.
Figure: Parcel with visible attributes.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11R Saving the selected parcels in a PAR file Parcels PAR file with saved parcels SAVE PARCELS FROM DRAWING TO FILE -> PAR 11R6
With this command, the defined parcel data and attributes can be saved to a PAR file. After starting the Save parcels from drawing to file -> PAR (11R6) command, the following dialog box appears:
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The Parcels output dialog box explanation:

Output file, PAR Output file List of selected parcels List of selected parcels, Add List of selected parcels, Remove Data output enter the name of the file to which the parcel data will be saved. a list of the numbers of the selected parcels. click this button to add a new parcel number to the list. click this button remove a parcel number from the list. select what parcel data will be saved (boundary point coordinates, boundary lengths, and attributes).
PAR file format: See Appendix A. The contents of the PAR file depend on the settings. A parcel record in the file consists of the following three parts: 1. Parcel number, area, and perimeter; 2. Parcel attributes; 3. Parcel boundary points and fronts. Example of the PAR file:
Parcel number: Area: Perimeter: OWNER COMMUNITY CC COMMENT Point 57 64 63 58 57 X 42905.308 42923.265 42903.088 42887.769 42905.308 102 551.558 95.952 Janez Kova Ljubljana Vi Y 72538.537 72559.474 72568.838 72547.063 72538.537 Dist. 0.000 27.583 22.244 26.624 19.502
SAVE PARCELS TO FILE ->OBD 11R7
Saving chosen parcels data to OBD file parcels OBD file with saved parcels 11R6
Alternatively, parcels data can be saved to a file of OBD type. In Slovenia, this is a well- known form used for denoting parcels. When you run the Save parcels to file ->OBD command, you specify the name of output file and select the area where parcels to be saved in the OBD file are situated.
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OBD file structure: see Appendix A.
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2.18. 11S - Calculate volumes with prism method

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: See also commands: Calculating volumes under selected area 3DFACE elements VOL, D45 in D58 files 11F1,11F9,11P2 CALCULATE VOLUMES 11S
This command is intended for calculating volumes under selected area. Area usually consists of many triangles that are topologically arranged. Volume is calculated up to a selected reference height. Numbering of triangles and area individual points is possible and the calculation results can be saved in the files of various forms. When you run this command, you first select triangles for which you want to calculate volumes. A dialog box opens in which you set all the parameters. It consists of two parts. In the first part you set calculation and drawing parameters while in the second one you set desired output files. Each area has its own name which is saved to the VOL output file. Reference height stands for a height up to which the volume of each triangle is calculated. During the process of volume calculation, each point and each triangle is uniformly numbered. Starting value of numbering can be set both for points and triangles. These values are then considered in a drawing and output files. You can choose between the displaying of triangle labels and point labels. For labels you can select font, text height in mm and a layer on which labels will be drawn. As far as layers are concerned, you can choose between the existing ones or you can select a new one.
The second part of the settings includes output file(s) data:
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You can choose among the following output file types: VOL file, DA45 file, DA 58 file.
When you set all the necessary parameters, select triangles (3DFACE objects) in a drawing and click Enter. Result can be seen in a form of point and triangle labels and a suitable number of files. Eventually, the Final report dialog box appears:
In the upper dialog box you can see statistical values of volume calculation. You can edit individual files in Notepad simply by clicking Edit.
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File descriptions
VOL file VOL file consists of two sections. First section is called #POINTS and comprises labels and coordinates for all points of some area. The #POINTS section form is as follows: LABEL X Y Z
The #TRIANGLES section comprises data of each individual triangle: TRIANGLE LABEL FIRST POINT LABEL SECOND POINT LABEL THIRD POINT LABEL MIDDLE HEIGHT AREA2D AREA3D VOLUME ABOVE REFERENCE HEIGHT
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Example of VOL file:

* Calculating prism volumes * Surface: 1 * Reference height: 0.00 # Points * Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X 397562.97 397526.75 397558.59 397503.83 397554.80 397526.21 397550.44 Y 44825.39 44804.01 44810.09 44806.90 44796.39 44783.98 44779.26 Z 17.21 16.20 16.82 16.00 16.74 16.00 16.57 M_HEIGHT 16.747 16.472 16.589 16.315 16.436 AREA2D 230.335 297.388 206.545 282.870 217.896 1235.033 AREA3D 230.413 297.513 206.583 282.949 217.961 1235.420 VOLUME 3857.419 4898.672 3426.442 4614.924 3581.332 20378.789
# Triangles * Nr. Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 1 2 3 4 5 * Total: 1 1 3 2 5 2 4 2 6 6 3 2 5 5 7
D45 file
The D45 file is a fixed format file comprising data of point coordinates. The D45 file structure is as follows: Column 1-2 3-9 10 11-20 21-30 31-40 Value "45" constant point number not defined X coordinate Y coordinate height
Values for X and Y coordinates and height are saved without decimal points and with accuracy of three decimal places.
Example of D45 file:

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 397562969 397526752 397558593 397503830 397554797 397526209 397550443 44825390 44804010 44810087 44806901 44796389 44783985 44779256 17212 16205 16824 16000 16739 16000 16569
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D58 file
The D45 file is a fixed format file comprising data of triangles. The D58 file structure is as follows: Column 1-2 3-7 8-9 10-16 17-20 21-23 24-30 31-33 34-40 41-43 44-50 51-60 61-66 67-73 74-80 Value "58" constant not defined reference height not defined triangle number not defined first triangle number not defined first triangle number not defined first triangle number not defined neighboring triangle number on edge 1-2 neighboring triangle number on edge 2-3 neighboring triangle number on edge 3-1
Topological explanation of columns 61-80:
T2_14=0 T1_31=2
T2_43=0
T2_31=1 T1_12=0 T1_23=0
Example of D58 file:

58 58 58 58 58 10 10 10 10 10 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 3 2 5 2 4 2 6 6 3 2 5 5 7
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READ REB DA 45 AND DA 58 FILES 11S2 none drawing of 3D face elements on a basis of REB DA 45 and DA 58 files D45 and D58 files 3D face elements defined via dialog box 11S1
This command is intended for drawing of 3D face elements from DA 45 and DA 58 files. DA 45 and DA 58 files can be saved by using the 11U2 command or any other program supporting both REB DA 45 and DA 58 files. File descriptions are included with description of the 11U2 command. After invoking the command, dialog box opens with the DA 45 tab on.
The Read REB files dialog box explanation:

Input file, DA 45 >> Layer for points Point labels Height [mm] Style Layer DA 45 file type containing triangle vertices data layer to which points are drawn (triangle vertices) switch on/off drawing of point labels label height in mm style in which point labels will be drawn layer to which point labels will be drawn
Using the DA 58 tab, you can set parameters for inserting of triangles (3D face elements).
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The Enter REB file dialog box explanation:

Input file, DA 58 >> Layer for triangels Triangle labels Height [mm] Style Layer DA 58 file containing triangle data layer to which trangles are drawn (3D face elements) switch on/off drawing of triangle labels label height in mm style in which triangle labels will be drawn layer to which triangle labels are drawn
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2.19. 11T - Interpolations

The Interpolations group contains commands for interpolating between different input data: existing points, slopes and elevations. Interpolations can be very useful for environmental and town planning, the height assessment of individual crossroad points, etc.
INTERPOLATE P1, SLOPE, P2 > E2 11T1
Calculating elevations between two points Two points, one slope Height of the second point 11T
With the Interpolate P1, Slope, P2 > E2 (11T1) command you can determine the height of the second point when the position and height of the first and the slope and position of the second point are known. The new point can be inserted into the drawing. After selecting the 11T1 command, the following dialog box appears:
The Interpolate P1, Slope, P2 > E2 dialog box explanation:

First point Second point Slope the data of the first point; the point can be selected from the drawing or specified with the help of its coordinates. the data of the second point; its height is updated automatically when one of the other parameters is changed. the slope between both points in percentages (%).
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INTERPOLATE P1, E1, P2, E2, P3 > E3 11T2
Calculating the height of a point Three points Height of the point 11T
With this command, you can calculate the height of a point (i.e. the third point), lying between two known points (i.e. the first two points). After starting the 11T2 command, the Interpolate P1, E1, P2, E2, P3 > E3 dialog box opens. In this dialog box you can define all three coordinates of the two known points and the X and Y coordinates of the third point. The program calculates the elevation of the third point. If you modify one of the dialog box parameters, the elevation of the third point is automatically recalculated. All specified points can also be inserted into the drawing.
INTERPOLATE P1, E1, P2, E2, E3 > P3 11T3
Calculating the position of a point Two points and the height of a third point Position of the point 11T
You can use this command to interpolate the position of a point from its height and the positions and heights of two other points. After selecting the 11T3 command, the following dialog box appears:
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The Interpolate P1, E1, P2, E2, E3 > P3 dialog box explanation:
First point Second point Third point this is the data of the first point; the point can be selected from the drawing or specified with the help of its coordinates. this is the data of the second point; the point can be selected from the drawing or specified with the help of its coordinates. enter the height of the third point; the X and Y coordinates are calculated automatically.
INTERPOLATE P1, SLOPE 1, P2, SLOPE 2 > P3 11T4
Calculating the coordinates of a new point Two points, two slopes New point 11T
This command allows you to interpolate the position and elevation of a point from the coordinates of two other known points and two slopes. The necessary source points can be selected directly from the drawing or specified with the help of their respective coordinates. The results of the interpolation are all three coordinates of the third point. The point can also be inserted into the drawing.
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INTERPOLATE ELEVATIONS BETWEEN TWO POINTS 11T5
Calculating new points with constant height differences between two known points Two points, height-interpolation step Interpolated points between two known points 10_INTERPOLATIONS 11T
The Interpolate elevations between two points (11T5) command interpolates intermediate points between two known points with a pre-defined height-interpolation step. The results of the command are newinterpolated points. The two basic points can be of any type (detail, traverse, etc.). In other words, the program interpolates new points on rounded heights, defined by the size of the height-interpolation step (i.e. on equidistant intervals). The new points are interpolated between two adjacent points in direction Z. You can use this command to display the planned project state with the help of a dimensioned projection (i.e.with planned contours). After starting the 11T5 command, you can select the Settings option to open the following dialog box:
The Interpolation dialog box explanation:

Settings, Counter Interpolation-step Point insertion the number of the first interpolated point the height difference between two adjacent interpolated points in meters. the interpolated points can be inserted into the drawing in 2D or 3D (the point heights are interpolated accordingly).
The new points are drawn on the INTERPOLATIONS layer. The Interpolate elevations between two points (11T5) command also allows interpolating points between more consecutive points.
Layout 128
Figure: Interpolating elevations between two points.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Calculating new points and contours between three known points Three known points New points and contours between three known points 10_INTERPOLATIONS 11T INTERPOLATE ELEVATIONS BETWEEN THREE POINTS 11T6
This command is similar to the Interpolate elevations between two points (11T5) command. After selecting three points in the layout plan forming a triangle, the program interpolates heights along the triangle sides and connects points with identical elevations with a straight lines a contour. The three basic points can be of any type (detail, traverse, etc.). Elevation labels and contours are drawn on the 10_INTERPOLATIONS layer.
Figure: Interpolating elevations between three points. The Counter and Interpolation-step parameters are described under Interpolate elevations between two points (11T5).
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INTERPOLATE CONTOURS 11T7
displaying of contours on a roadway 3D left/right road edge polyline drawn contours 10_INTER_CONTOURS
See also commands:21P1
This command is intended for displaying contours on a roadway. You need to draw the roadway by using two polylines representing the left and right road edge of it. You can draw 3D road edge polylines using the 21P1 command found in the Axis module. The 11T7 command function result can be seen in the picture below.
You calculate contours by means of linear interpolation between the points both on the left and right side of a roadway. After invoking the command, select two 3D polylines representing the road edges. Then select an area where contours will be drawn or click ENTER if you want to draw contours for the complete polyline. After selecting polylines and areas, the following dialog box opens:
Insert elevation difference value between two contours in the Elevation difference field. Choose between 2D and 3D contour drawing in the Contour drawing method field. By clicking Settings >>, set a contour drawing method. The following dialog box opens:
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The Contour drawing settings dialog box explanation:

Interval and elevation label size Interval, arrow size and form Interval and thickness of bold contours You can draw an arow in ACAD and save it to the DWG file. By clicking File >>, select a file containing an arrow drawing.
There is a prepared arrow drawing in the folder where the program is installed. Filename is "pi_arrow.dwg".
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Calculating and drawing of slope between two points two points output slope current slope 11P2 SLOPE BETWEEN TWO POINTS 11T8
The Slope between two points (11T8) command saves a slope between two specified/selected points that is calculated on the basis of elevation values of specified/selected points. When you run this command, the following appears in the command line: Text height <1.50> /Number of decimal places<2>/ Line <No>/First point
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Legend: Text height No. of decimals places Line specified points, First point set the text height for the slope, set number of decimal places for the slope drawing, specify for simultaneous drawing of line between two specify first point for the slope definition.
Figure: Slope value between two points. When you specify pairs of points, the slope value is written between them.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Interpolating of intermediate points between two recorded profiles specified points in profiles and intermediate profile line interpolated points on intermediate profile 10_LAYOUTPTS 11F1, 2J4 INTERPOLATION OF POINTS BETWEEN TWO PROFILES 11T9
This command is designed for interactive or automatic interpolation of points on the line lying between two already recorded profiles. Recording of points in profiles has a special importance. It is described in the Axes module and the corresponding Save sections from layout points -> LON, CRO, CAX (2J4) command. First you need to have points drawn in at least two profiles and a profile line on which you would like to generate new points in an intermediate profile. Procedures can be as follows :
a) Interactive procedure - with the following dialog appearing in a command line :

Specify profile line Profile label:1 no. is written in each interpolated point, Automatic/Counter<16>/First point: specify profile line, specify new profile number. Profile specify pairs of points on first
Second point and second profile. At the same time interpolated points are counted automatically.
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b) Automatic procedure - where program finds suitable interpolation points in two

neighbouring profiles - with the following dialog appearing in a command line : Specify profile line Profile label: 2 Automatic/Counter<20>/First point: A Points at first side of profile line Select objects: Other corner: 8 found Toke na drugi strani profilne linije Select objects: Other corner: 5 found specify second group of points. specify profile line, specify new profile number. select option A specify first group of points,
Figure: Two interpolated profiles. The upper picture shows two interpolated profiles : Left profile that was interactively interpolated, Right profile that was automatically interpolated.
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2.20. 11U - Tools

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: See also commands: Scaling and rotating of AutoCAD blocks AutoCAD blocks AutoCAD blocks 11B SCALE AND ROTATE BLOCKS 11U1
With the Scale and Rotate blocks (11U1) command you can enlarge/shrink and rotate any AutoCAD block in the layout drawing. This command is useful when you want to modify the size of topographical symbols not created with CGS plus programs or when you would like to rotate selected blocks/symbols (to achieve a better plan legibility). After starting the 11U1 command and selecting the appropriate blocks, the following options appear in the command line: Rotation/<Scale factor>:
A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the objects and a scale factor between 0 and 1 shrinks them. The difference between the AutoCADs SCALE command and the Scale and Rotate blocks (11U1) command is that this command scales individual selected blocks using the input point as the center. Selecting the "Rotation" option in the command line allows you to rotate the selected blocks for an arbitrary angle (in degrees). The degrees of the angle are measured starting east and continuing in the counter-clockwise direction. The difference between the AutoCADs ROTATE command and the 11U1 command is that this command rotates individual selected blocks around their input points.
Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Dimensioning of Line and Polyline entities in the drawing Line in Polyline entities Dimensioning labels Current layer 11U3 DIMENSION EXISTING LINES 11U2
With this command you can easily dimension (i.e. calculate the length of) selected AutoCAD lines LINE and PLINE entities. You can modify the number of decimal places and the text height of the dimensioning labels.
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The Dimension existing Lines dialog box explanation:

Select lines or plines Settings, Text height Settings, Number of decimal places click this button to select the Line and Polyline entities to be dimensioned in the drawing. enter the text height of the dimensioning labels in the drawing. enter the number of decimals of the dimensioning labels.
Figure: Dimensioning labels on Polyline entities.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: 11U2, 11K8 Dimensioned lines Drawing a line including a dimension line DRAW LINE WITH DIMENSION 11U3
This command is similar to the Dimension existing Lines (11U2) command, except that it also draws the lines that are to be dimensioned. You can modify the number of decimal places and the text height of the dimensioning labels and you can draw only dimensioning labels if needed.
Layout 135
Figure: Lines drawn with dimensioning labels.

Command name: Command code: Icon: Task: Input data: Output data: Layers: See also commands: Inverting the orientation of a PLINE 3D or 2D Polylines Inversely oriented 3D polylines CHANGE PLINE ORIENTATION 11U4
This function inverts the orientation of polyline vertices. You can use it, for example, to invert the direction of stations along a longitudinal axis. Select the polyline, the orientation of which you want to change. You can verify the orientation with AutoCADs PEDIT Edit Next command (etc.).
Figure: Polyline orientation.

Command name: Command code: Task: Input data: Output data: RASTER MANAGER 11U5 selecting and editing raster image raster image DWG drawing
With the command group Raster manager (11U5) users can easily manage raster images. Commands for managing rasters are also available in the toolbox:
Raster manager has following commnads (from left to right): attach image (11U51),
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attach images shown on screen (11U52), [detach image (11U53) this commnad is not in toolbox, but it is available in the menu], detach image by picking inner point (11U54),
Then there are following commands from command group on/off image: Image on/off by picking inner point (11U55), Image on/off with fence selection (11U56), Image on/off with window selection (11U57), Image on/off with window polygon selection (11U58).
EXAMPLE: Turn off image based on shown line.
EXAMPLE: Turn on image based on shown line. It is similar as turn on/off based on rectangle or polygon (polyline).
As third and last set of commands we have commands for loading and unloading images from drawing: Image load/unload by picking inner point (11U59), Image load/unload with fence selection(11U5A), Image load/unload with window selection (11U5B), Image load/unload with window polygon selection (11U5C).
Load/unload image works same way as on/off image.
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Command name: Command code:
LEGEND 11U7
Task: Input data: Output data:
insert legend of symbols into the drawing blocks that will be inserted into the legend legend block
The Legend command is used to insert the legend into the drawing. A legend is composed form symbols (AutoCAD blocks) and descriptions.
Legend
Bush Concrete Field Riprap
After selecting the command, the following dialog box appears:
Layout 138
The list of items has four columns. The block is given in the Block name column. The Layer column specifies where the block will be inserted. To add a legend item at the end of the list click on *Add block*. A combo box with all blocks available in the drawing will open. Select the desired block. Then, change layer for the item by clicking over the layer column, and type the description and spacing in the respective columns. To add a legend item before a given item right-click its name and select Add from the floating menu. To delete an item, right-click it and select Delete from the context menu. To change an items property, click on the desired column and select the property value form the combo box (Block name, Layer) or type it (Description, Distance).
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Users Manual PLATEIA 2011 FERROVIA 2011 AQUATERRA 2011

Innovative IT and Environmental Technologies, d.o.o.

Figure: Example of a well thought-out survey plan.

Figure: AutoCAD coordinate system vs. geodetic coordinate system.

Menu Commands with Short Descriptions

Selecting Points in the Layout Plan

Data Transfer from Electronic Surveying Instruments

Using Scanned Plans in the LAYOUT Module

Linking LAYOUT Module Data to AutoCAD MAP

2. Command descriptions of the Layout module

The Settings dialog box explanation:

Figure: A survey plan with different scale settings.

11C - Data Transformations

WILD Format 08 Cartesian Format 08 Polar Format 16 Cartesian Format 16 Polar

This is the corresponding DET file after the conversion:

11D - Survey Calculations

Example of the ORI file:

Mid- orientation angle: 215.452058

3RAY-TACHYMETRY CALCULATION METHOD:

H' = K L cos2 ( z _ kot )

AUTOREDUCTIONAL TACHYMETRY CALCULATION METHOD:

instrument height in the DET file,

R CR in the DET file, H' HEI_DIF in the DET file.

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT CALCULATION METHOD:

d = d' sin( z _ kot )

Figure: Points surveyed in profiles.

Example of the same file with absolute distances and elevations:

SET CURRENT POINT-TYPE 11E1

The Active point type dialog box explanation:

The View existing Point-Types dialog box explanation:

DEFINE NEW POINT TYPE 11E3

The Define new point type dialog box explanation:

The Attribute properties dialog box explanation:

DEFINE NEW POINT TYPE USING THE EXISTING POINT 11E4

CHANGE POINT TYPE 11E5

Figure: Points inserted into a layout plan.

INPUT POINTS 11F1

Legend/The Input points dialog box explanation:

The settings mean:

XYZ file structure: See Appendix A.

See descriptions of individual commands.

SINGLE POINT COORDINATE INPUT 11F2

Legend/The Input individual points dialog box explanation:

SINGLE POINT DISTANCE / ANGLE INPUT 11F3

COPY POINT 3D 11F4

GENERATE POINTS ALONG LONGITUDINAL-AXIS 11F5

specifies the number of intervals, the polygon is divides into.

Example of file with known elevations for individual points:

0.00 0.00 0.00

150.14 148.43 152.41

LABEL XY POINT/BLOCK COORDINATES 11F81

The Label XY coordinates dialog box explanation:

After clicking OK, select points to be labeled.

EDIT COORDINATE LABEL 11F82

ERASE COORDINATE LABEL 11F83

erasing of coordinate labels

See also commands: 11F81, 11F82

XYZ file format: See Appendix A.

11G - Edit Points

Figure: Systematically arranged points in a layout plan.

EDIT POINT DATA 11G1

The Edit point attributes dialog box explanation: