Text To Print To Hypertext PDF Download From Website For Millenium Show at RAMM Exeter

Devon local studies service.
From script to print to hypertext: two millennia of Devon's written heritage
Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service
Devon's heritage: D900
From script to print to hypertext

A collaborative exhibition organised by Devon Library Services and Exeter Museums in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum 18 September to 27 November 1999 to celebrate the richness of Devon's long written record. Illustrated catalogue available price 4.95 from the Royal Albert Memorial Museum.
TWO MILLENNIA OF DEVON'S WRITTEN HERITAGE
Photographs of the exhibition, taken in the Museum can be seen at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/ locstudy/script.html.
The woodcut of the book fool from Andrew Barclay's translation of The ship of fooles (1509) the first printed book written by a Devonian, introduces ten heritage collections in Exeter who have worked together to spin two main strands: 1. A time-line of written documents, mainly single-sheet items, reflecting the small world of the written record. 2. An alphabet of key themes reflecting the large world of ideas. Please note: Many of the images were scanned from contact prints or similar reproductions and the quality is not always acceptable. It is intended to replace them with clearer images in due course.
Cooperating institutions (A-Z) Bill Douglas Centre Devon and Exeter Institution Devon Record Office Exeter Cathedral Library Exeter Medical Library Exeter Reference Library Royal Albert Memorial Museum University of Exeter Library University of Plymouth - Exeter Campus Library Westcountry Studies Library
A timeline of documents AD 1-1050. Some early riddles 1050-1485. The medieval period 1485-1603. The Tudor period 1603-1698. The Stuarts: wars & revolution 1698-1789. The arrival of the provincial press 1789-1860. Revolution & evolution 1860-1942. The spread of mechanisation 1942-2000. War & revival
Key themes A. Art & Architecture B. Bookbinding & typography C. The christian church D. Devon's history E. Encyclopedias & dictionaries F. Film & moving image G. Genealogy & heraldry H. Health & medicine L. Literature & writers M. Maps & plans N. Natural history O. Official and legal P. Press & newspapers R. Records & archives S. Scribes & manuscripts T. Technology & invention V. Voyages & travel W. War & revolution Y. Younger readers
The time-line:
A.D. 1-1050. Some early riddles The items included for this earliest period are tantalising glimpses at an entire millennium. Analogies from other parts of the country, for example the recent discoveries at Vindolanda near Hadrian's Wall, of hundreds of wooden writing tablets indicate that literacy was widespread during the Roman era, and the inscribed stones suggest that some historical records were maintained in the post-roman period providing sources from which later chroniclers drew. The garbled way in which the lives of the saints and lists of Dumnonian rulers have reached us makes it likely that oral traditions also played an important role in much of this period but from at least the eighth century the Saxon rulers were aware of the legal importance of accurate written records. The period ends with the move of the Cathedral from Crediton to Exeter but before that date there was a long tradition of vernacular literature in the south west manifested above all in the Exeter Book of poetry. ca 30. Inscribed Celtic coins ca 100. Roman tile from Exeter with ABC graffiti 100-400. Inscribed Roman pottery from Exeter ca 450-650. Inscribed stones ca. 550. Gildas. De excidio Britanniae 754. Boniface ca 895. Alfred the Great penny. ca. 925-939. Athelstan. Charters. Grant of land in Monketon ca 980. Exeter Book of Anglo-Saxon poetry 1050-1485. The medieval period The transfer of the bishop's seat from Crediton to Exeter in 1050 and the great reorganisations of Bishop Leofric, which included the establishment of Exeter Cathedral Library on a firm footing start a new era in the history of the written word in Devon. During the course of the middle ages the Cathedral gathered more than 600 books, few of which now survive in Exeter and from the 13th century administrative records start to survive in greater numbers both in the diocesan and the city archives. Many of the medieval manuscripts in Exeter Cathedral were given to the Bodleian Library in Oxford in 1602 so few books from this period remain in Exeter. Even less remains of the libraries in places such as Forde Abbey and Tavistock which were recorded by John Leland when he toured Devon on the eve of the dissolution of the monasteries. 1050. Exeter Diocese. Foundation charter 1086. Domesday Book ca. 1090. Exeter Diocese. Bishops. Osbern. Deed 1133. Plympton Priory. Charter 1230. Exeter Corporation. Custumal. 1236. Crediton. Church of the Holy Cross. Grants 1350. Exeter Receiver's accounts 1413. Monumental brass of William Langeton 1447. John Shillingford. Letter to his fellows at Exeter 1447. Exeter, Dean and Chapter. Answers to the Mayors articles
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/millexpo.html (1 of 7)29/07/2004 22:52:42
Devon local studies service. From script to print to hypertext: two millennia of Devon's written heritage
1485-1603. The Tudor period The printing press was invented in Germany in the 1450s and did not reach England until 1476. A press which existed at Tavistock Abbey in the 1520s and 1530s was the only known example of printing in Devon during the Tudor period. All works written by Devonians had to be printed in London or abroad and indeed religious and political upheaval drove scholars and writers such as Coverdale and Bodley abroad for years at a time. This is a contrast to many provincial towns on the continent in this period. Rennes, Exeter's twin town, had a flourishing printing industry in the sixteenth century. Booksellers were active in Exeter in this period and an inventory of 1615 shows that they could hold considerable stocks of books, including school textbooks. 1490. Map of Forest of Dartmoor 1499. St Mary Arches. Notarial instrument. 1549. Rebellion in Devonshire 1562. Elizabeth I. Letter to the Mayor and Aldermen of Exeter 1567. Exeter Corporation. Rates and wages of artificers 1575. Saxton, Christopher. Map of Devon 1587. John Hooker. Plan of Exeter 1602. Thomas Bodley of Exeter, founder of the Bodeian Library 1603-1698. The Stuarts: wars and revolution Only for two brief periods during this century of upheaval was there a printing press in Exeter, during the Civil War in 1645 and on the arrival of William of Orange in 1688. The people of Devon were reliant on London for news of the important events that were unfolding around them and during the Civil War were supplied with a series of pamphlet newsbooks that were the forerunners of the newspaper. The libraries of clergymen in Devon suffered during the Commonwealth, their books being confiscated and destroyed but after the Restoration in 1660 parish libraries built up considerable collections of books, not always on theological matters. There were close contacts with the capital. In Portledge in north Devon for example Richard Coffin employed a London agent Richard Lapthorne to keep him informed in the 1680s. Beside sending him the gazettes he added personal gossip in his regular letters and was also diligent in seeking out books for Coffin's library. 1612. Exeter Coroner. Deposition on murder of William Peter 1641. Exeter Corporation. Petition on economic conditions 1643. Charles I. Proclamation of pardon to citizens of Exeter 1645. A full and exact relation of the storming and taking of Dartmouth 1660. Letter to General Monk from gentry of Devon 1673. Nathaniel Herne. Statement relating to election in Dartmouth 1674. Exeter Corporation. Petition regarding amalgamation of parishes in Exeter 1681. Duke of Buckingham. The character of a Tory 1685. Account of the proceedings against the rebels at an assize holden in Exeter 1688. William of Orange's declaration to the people of England 1688. A true and exact relation of the Prince of Orange his publick entrance into Exeter 1690. Great news from Tingmouth, Torbay and Exon 1691. William III. Proclamation to mariners (broadsheet WSL) 1698-1789. The arrival of the provincial press The printing press only found a permanent home in Exeter in 1698 and immediately made a number of developments possible. Perhaps the most important was the establishment of local newspapers, the first of which appeared in Devon in about 1704. While these had little local news in the early part of the century, being largely reprints from the London press, they gave merchants and tradesmen the opportunity to insert local advertisements. A local printer also made the production of posters, broadsheets and election literature and other ephemera much easier and local authors found a new opportunity to see their sermons, poems or other writings in print. The development of charity schools meant that there was a growing market of literate people in Devon who could read the products of the local presses. 1708. Edmund Elys. To the laity conformists in Exeter 1717. Five of the letters which passed between G.Gyllenborg and B.Sparre 1727. The Totness address, versified 1731. William Emmett, house carpenter. Trade card 1741. An account of the Devon and Exeter Hospital 1745. Exeter Citizens. Declaration of loyalty 1748. The state of the Devon and Exeter Hospital 1752. To Capt ---- (on election of City Officers) 1756. Heath, Benjamin. Some considerations on the expediency of frequenting the theatre 1761. Proposals for carrying into execution a scheme for erecting a general academy at Exeter 1763. Britain excis'd, or a copy of verses on the duty on cider 1767. A case of great distress 1770. Nathaniel Spry, mercer. Advertisement 1780. The new-year's-gift of the men who deliver the Sherborne Journal 1781. Brice, Andrew. Address of thanks from the English virgins of sixteen 1782. The maid's lamentation for the loss of her shepherd [and] Rodney triumphant 1782. Life of Rebecca Downing 1782. The lamentation of Rebecca Downing, condemn'd to be burnt 1784. Exeter Theatre. Miss Andrew's benefit acrobatic performance 1787. Dying behaviour of Mr Patrick 1789-1860. Revolution and evolution The French Revolution alarmed many in this country and brought about a number of changes. Radical literature was suppressed, the works of Tom Paine being burned in towns throughout Devon, and printing presses had to be registered. An interesting side-effect was the growth of tourism in Devon as the continent was closed to the grand tour. As the century progressed and communications improved printers met this new demand with guidebooks, topographical prints and similar items. Circulating libraries also catered for the influx of visitors and the merchants were catered for by the provision of annual trade directories. Newspapers remained expensive because of the stamp duty imposed on them but, as this was reduced, new titles were established in Plymouth, Barnstaple, Torquay, Teignmouth, Sidmouth, Dawlish and other places, many of them coastal resorts. 1789. Weatherdon's School, Newton Abbot. Performance of Hamlet 1790. Hunter's sweepstakes, Newton Abbot 1791. Weavers of Exeter. Appeal on pay 1792. Robbery of Exeter Mail 1792. Hell in an uproar; or, Tom Paine below stairs 1793. The loyal Briton: a song 1803. The execution of Col. Despard1803. 1807. Upham, Edward. State lottery begins drawing 13th January, 1807 1814. Joanna Southcott caricature 1814. Speech of Charles Stanhope (printing in gold) 1815. Philip Hedgeland, printer, advertisement 1826. Miss Mend's establishment for the education of young ladies 1836. Prospectus of the South Wester Railway 1839. Axmouth landslip 1843. Great Western Railway timetable 1848. Exeter City Council Guy Fawkes Night warning 1849. The Exeter Hospital waltz 1850. Wrestling match for a purse of sovereigns 1855. Dawlish Dispensary poster 1855. Wilson, John. Opening of the North Devon Railway 1856. Exeter City Council. Commemoration of end of Crimean War 1860-1942. The spread of mechanisation The introduction of the steam powered printing press made it possible to produce the first daily newspaper in Devon, the Western morning news in 1860. Improvements in
typesetting and paper manufacture brought down the cost of printing in the later part of the century. Posters could boast a range of type faces and it was possible for local societies to produce regular publications, such as parish magazines. It became possible to include photographic illustrations in books and this gave a new dimension to topographical writing in Devon. This technical advance was often at the expense of quality, as the many disintegrating volumes from this period bear witness on the shelves of Exeter's libraries. The education acts meant that universal literacy seemed a realistic goal and from 1870 the establishment of the public library service in Exeter brought books into the hands of everyone. 1866? Execution broadsheet of Mrs Winsor, the baby farmer 1869. Edward S.Shapley's sparkling champagne cider 1870. Exeter City Library. Regulations 1880. Ilfracombe. Grand international steeple chaise 1883. An olde Englyshe fayre 1884. Commital of John Babbacombe Lee, the man they could not hang 1885. A grand banquet at the Boer's Head Hotel 1887. True account of the terrible fire at Exeter 1895. Western Counties Musical Association 1901. Exeter City Council. Proclamation of Edward VII 1923. Palladium Cinema, Exeter 1928. League of Nations Union 1930s National socialist newsletters 1938. Strand Super Cinema, Bideford 1940. Fouling of footpaths by dogs - a peril of the blackout 1942-2000. War and revival. The blitz in 1942 not only affected the premises of several Exeter printers but it also destroyed Exeter and Plymouth Public Libraries. Exeter City Library did not receive new premises until 1965 and several printers moved permanently away from the centre of Exeter. The Express and Echo was among those moving to out-of-town industrial estates in the 1990s, combining the move with an investment in the next stage of printing technology with heavy dependence on electronic news gathering. The growth of information and communication technology has greatly affected the way the written word is now received, with access to the Internet in libraries, offices and private homes throughout Devon. 1942. Exeter Blitz (front page of Express and Echo) 1943. Exeter Holidays at Home 1951. Festival of Britain 1952. Lynmouth flood 1953. Coronation programme 1954. University of Exeter 1970s Motorway pressure groups publicity 1973. Northcott Theatre poster for Edward Bond's Bingo 1974. Exeter's last royal charter 1977 Alternative magazines: Worthless words 1996. Publicity from Cyber cafe 1999. ABC written by young Exeter schoolchild 2000. Millennium ball
Themes:
A. Art and Architecture The artist has always been called on to embellish and explain the written word, from the illumination of medieval manuscripts to the engravings that accompany many private press books in the 20th century. The development of a range of illustrative techniques has meant that the book, essentially a textual medium, has been able to present the visual arts to a wide public. Albrecht Drer was one of the first major artists to exploit printing, and illustrations have been used to explain the work of architects such as Vitruvius and Palladio and to reproduce the works of artists such as Reynolds. Critics like Pugin and Ruskin and drawing masters such as Cox have used text and illustration in combination, the engraver or lithographer often providing as great an artistic contribution as the master who produced the original artwork. Vitruvius. De architectura, 1521 Palladio, Andrea. I quattri libri dell'architettura, 1601 Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Seven discourses delivered in the Royal Academy, 1778 Cox, David A treatise on landscape painting,1841 Pugin, Augustus Charles. Specimens of Gothic architectire, 1821-23 Ruskin, John. Modern painters, 3rd ed. 1846 Morris, William. Some hints on pattern designing, 1899 B. Bookbinding and typography The care lavished on many manuscripts shows that the book could be considered as an object of beauty, and many early printers also took pains over the appearance of their publications. Type design was a meticulous craft and alphabets were designed for the new medium of typography: roman, italic, fraktur, civilit and the modern style typefaces of the 18th and 19th centuries which cut loose from the calligraphic origins of letter forms. The techniques of the woodcut, engraving and, from the 19th century, lithography made it possible to present illustrations to accompany the text, even before the advent of photography and the protective covering provided a further design opportunity for the bookbinder. Gold tooling replaced blind-stamped decoration and in the 19th century publishers' casings replaced traditional binding, opening up a new medium for decoration which publishers were quick to exploit. Horace. Poemata omnia, 1519 (Aldus Manutius) Vaenius, Otho. Amorum emblematica figuris aeneis incisa, 1608 Pine, John. Publii Virgilii Maronis Bucolica et Georgica, 1774 Blair, Robert. The grave, 1808 (engravings by Schiavonetti after Blake) Bewick, Thomas. A general history of quadrupeds, 3rd ed, 1792 Prior, Matthew. The works, 1835 (Pickering edition) Wordsworth, William. Poems, 1866 Poe, Edgar Allan. The poetical works, 1867 Caxton, William. The golden legend, 1892 (Kemlscott press) Burns, Robert. Songs, 1901 (Guild of Women Binders) Shakespeare, William. Twelfth night, 1932 (Golden Cockerell Press) Artists' books (a selection from Plymouth University Library) C. The christian church During the middle ages it was largely theological works that filled the shelves of monastic and cathedral libraries, and it was through theology that the printing press came of age during the Reformation with controversial religious pamphlets pouring from the presses of Europe after Luther had nailed his theses to the door of Wittenberg church. Sermons and other religious tracts formed the largest class of publications during the earliest decades of English provincial printing, and sectarian and millenarian works such as those of the Devonian Joanna Southcott have always commanded a ready sale among followers. With the presence of Exeter Cathedral Library and several parish libraries in the custody of the University of Exeter, the items included represent only a few examples from many thousands of titles. Augustine. De civitate dei, 1475 Bede. Historia ecclesiastica, 1601 A Kempis, Thomas. De imitatione Christi, 1622 Luther, Martin. De lucubrationum pars una, 1520 Church of England Boke of common prayer, 1552 The Bible, translated according to the Ebrew and Greeke, 1594 Foxe, John. Acts and monuments of matters most speciall ..., 8th ed., 1641 Jewel, John. Apolgia ecclesiae anglicanane, 1599 Hooker, Richard. Of the lawes of ecclesiastical politie, 1611 Southcott, Joanna. The strange effects of faith, 1801 D. Devon's history The history of Devon's history is not entirely a happy one. The county does not boast a multivolume work to rival those of some other counties, nor has the Victoria County
History extended beyond the first volume, despite several attempts to revive it. Nevertheless antiquarians and historians have been studying Devon since the sixteenth century when John Leland included the county in his itineraries. The first to compile a county survey was John Hooker, Exeter's first Chamberlain in the 1590s. Although never completely printed, his work served as a quarry for other antiquaries in the seventeenth century whose work also circulated for many years in manuscript before being published. Polwhele at the end of the eighteenth century and Daniel Lysons at the start of the nineteenth both saw their histories appear in their lifetimes. In the 20th century the presence of the influential historian W.G.Hoskins in Exeter resulted in the best recent one-volume history of the county and his techniques also set a model for future work in local history across the country, extending its scope to the study of the whole community. In this section some of the early histories are included with notes on the problems they faced in seeing the light of day. Hooker, John. "The synposis chorographicall of Devonshire", manuscript, 1599 Risdon, Tristram. "The decimes, or a chorographicall description of the county of Devon", manuscript, c.1630 Risdon, Tristram. A continuation of the survey of Devon, 1714 Chapple, William. A review of part of Risdon's Survey of Devon, 1785 Risdon, Tristram. The chorographical description or survey of the county of Devon, 1811 Westcote, Thomas. [A view of Devonshire], manuscript, c.1680 Westcote, Thomas. A view of Devonshire in MDCXXX, 1845 Pole, Sir William. Collections towards a description of the county of Devon, 1791 E. Encyclopedias and dictionaries The printing press, with its ability to produce hundreds of identical copies of a text, made it much easier to refer to specific pieces of information within a work. From early times works of reference such as dictionaries and encyclopaedic works began to appear in print. Books were soon provided with numbered pages, tables of contents and indexes, features which could not be standardised when books were individually produced by hand. Language dictionaries were required as a basis for editing and interpreting classical texts and printers like Estienne were involved in a scholarly capacity in their compilation. The growth of scientific knowledge and the contribution of Bacon to the systematisation of learning inspired the encyclopaedists of the Age of Enlightenment and the growth of literacy and the development of mechanisation in the 19th century made possible the mass-production of cheap reference works published in parts at the cost of as little as one penny per issue. Plinius Secundus. Historie of the world, 1601 Estienne, Robert. Dictionarium seu latinae linguae thesaurus, 1536 Harris, John. Lexicon technicum, 1704 Chambers, Ephraim. Cyclopedia, 2nd ed., 1738 Encyclopdie: recueil de planches, new ed, 1778-81 Johnson, Samuel. Dictionary of the English language, 2nd ed., 1760 Webster, Noah. A dictionary of the English language, 1831 Penny cyclopedia, 1833-46 Encyclopedia britannica, 11th ed, 1910-11 New English dictionary, 1888-1933 F. Film and moving image Film might seem to have little to do with the written word, being centred so much around the visual, an image on the screen. However the industry which surrounds the films themselves depends to a very large extent on words. A film will begin life as a screenplay, a text submitted to the studio by a writer. Words are, and have been, essential to the publicity used to promote films before their general release to the public. And many of the products which are produced in the aftermath of a film's screening rely heavily on words - books giving the story of the film, biographies of the stars, fan magazines, are just a few of the many examples of the importance of words to the film industry. The Bill Douglas Centre has a very extensive library of books and periodicals relating to films and their history, as well as commemorative programmes, sheet music, posters and other ephemera. Kirchner, Athanasius. Ars magna lucis et umbrae, 1671 Hepworth, Cecil M. Animated photography, 1897 Dickson, W.K.L. History of the kinetograph, kinetoscope and kineto-phonograph, 1895. Menu: first private view of Mr Thomas Edison's marvellous kinetoscope, Wednesday October 17, 1894 Lumiere, Louis. Postcard, 1941 Mason's series of lectures for the lantern. No. 8: A holiday in Devonshire, c.1900 La Scala, Saltcoats. Ophans of the storm, 1923 Empire Theatre, Chatham. Blackmail, 1929 British Board of Film Censors. Lone Ranger, ep. 1: Hi jo silver, 1950s Cathay Circle Theatre. Hollywood premiere. Charles Chaplin ... in The great dictator, 1940 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Oscars: 70th annual Academy Awards, Monday, March 23, 1998 Ealing Studios. Passport to Pimlico, 1949 The pictures. Vol. 1, no. 1, 1911 Mitchell, Margaret. Gone with the wind, 1941 Howard, Sidney. GWTW: the screenplay, 1979 Arai, Yoshio. The first American teenager: James Dean, 1977 G. Genealogy and heraldry Genealogy has always been an important human preoccupation, from the pedigree of Christ as given in the Bible, through the descent of the rulers of Wessex from Norse gods and heroes as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to the rights to bear arms as drawn up in the heraldic visitations of Devon and other counties during the 16th and 17th centuries. In many instances the ability to prove descent also proved entitlement to estates, so there were legal and financial reasons for accurate genealogical research. Today genealogy is a very popular hobby and researchers can draw on a wide range of earlier compilations which are held in several collections in Exeter. Not all of these were necessarily compiled with genealogical research in mind and so much linking together of scattered references is required to build a family tree. Courtenay Family. "Parentalia Courtenayorum", manuscript, c.1308-1313 West Country arms, manuscript, c.1595 Vincent, Augustine. A discoverie of errors in the first edition of The catalogue of nobility, 1622 Prince, John. Danmonii orientales illustres; or, the worthies of Devon, 1701 Prince, John. "Danmonii orientales illustres, volume the second", manuscript, 1846 Burke, John. A genealogical and herladic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire, 4th ed, 1832 College of Arms. The visitation of London in the year 1566, 1869 Ottery St Mary. Parish. The registers of baptisms, marriages and burials of the parish of Ottery St. Mary, 1908-29 H. Health and medicine There has for many centuries been a strong tradition of medicine in Exeter and it is not surprising that medical literature is well represented in Exeter libraries. It was an Exeter physician, Dr Robert Vilvaine, who was instrumental in rescuing the Cathedral Library during the Commonwealth, and in the late 18th century the extensive medical collection of Dr Thomas Glass (1709-86) was bequeathed to the Cathedral Library "for use of any physician of the city". The Devon and Exeter Hospital was founded in 1741, and in 1813 the Exeter Medical Library was established to serve the medical staff of the Hospital. There were also many individual medical practitioners in Devon, such as William Musgrave and George Baker, who published the results of their researches and observations. Today Exeter Medical Library accesses medical information on CDROM or through the Internet. John of Gaddesden. "Rosa medicinae", 14th cent. Hippocates. Opera, 1588 Galen. Opera omnia, 1541 Vesalius, Andreas. De humani corporis fabricia, 1555 Cowper, William. Anatomie of humane bodies, 2nd ed., 1737 Harvey, William. Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis, 1737 Musgrave, William. De arthritide, 1703 Par, Ambroise. The works of that famous chirurgeon Ambrose Parey, 1678 Jenner, Edward. An enquiry into the causes and effects of the varoiolae vaccine: the cow pox, 2nd ed., 1800 Baker, George. An essay concerning the cause of the endemial colic of Devonshire, 1767 Alcock, Thomas. The endemial colic of Devonshire not caused by a solution of lead in the cyder, 1769 Stopes, Marie Carmichael. Contraception, 1924 National Library of Medicine. Medline, 1992-1998 L. Literature and writers
This section concentrates on writers who have links with Devon. The University of Exeter Library has gathered in the papers of several Westcountry writers notably those of Henry Williamson, A.L.Rowse, Jack Clemo, and Charles Causley. The Westcountry Studies library also has some literary manuscripts, including several by R.D.Blackmore. The preservation of such papers is important in showing the often tortured way in which works of literature were created, with many writings and rewritings before they reach printed form. Literary works have always formed an important role in expressing individual and social consciousness and poetry is among the earliest surviving written works. The Exeter Book of Old English poetry features elsewhere in this exhibition and the first work by a Devonian to appear in print was a work of poetry, the translation of The ship of fools, by Alexander Barclay, which appeared in 1509. Williamson, Henry. "Tarka the otter", manuscript and typescript drafts, c.1925 Blackmore, R.D. "Christowell", manuscript, 1881 Gay, John. Fables, 1793 Baring-Gould, Sabine. Songs and ballads of the west, 1891 Phillpotts, Eden. "The forest on the hill", manuscript, 1912 Galsworthy, John. "The apple tree", manuscript, 1916 Christie, Agatha. Dead man's folly, 1956 M. Maps and plans Maps combine text and graphics to convey information in an unique manner. Although the development of cartography in this country lagged somewhat behind that on the mainland of Europe, collections in Exeter have fine examples of the mapmaker's art. The University holds the Constable Collection as well as the Townsend Collection built up by the Exeter family of printers and publishers, from which the Exeter maps in this section are taken, while the Westcountry Studies Library includes the Batten and Bennett Collection of county maps of Devon. The first accurate map of Devon to a scale of one inch to a mile was completed by Benjamin Donn in 1765, winning him an award from the Royal Society of Arts. Devon Record Office holds large scale tithe surveys of most of the county dating from about 1840. The Ordnance Survey completed its six inch to a mile map of the whole county only in 1891. Devon's mapping today is held in digital form by the Ordnance Survey and it is possible to hold the entire map of Devon at a scale of 1:2,500 (25 inches to a mile) on a single CD-ROM. This section concentrates on Exeter maps from the Constable Collection in Exeter University, and the Westcountry Studies Library. N. Natural history From classical times there have been compilations on natural history. The medieval herbals were frequently blind copies of illustrations from earlier manuscripts rather than being based on an examination of original specimens and wild theories about fantastic creatures such as the mandrake or the barnacle tree were handed on from one compiler to another. The Renaissance remedied this and all types of illustration techniques were seized on to depict the plants or animals as accurately as possible. The resulting books are often regarded today as fine artistic works rather than as scientific textbooks. At least as important as the illustrations are the way the works reveal the gradual progress in identifying the different families of plants and animals through the work of scientists such as Linnaeus and the theories of Charles Darwin. Turner, William. The first and second parts of the herbal, 1568 Gerard, John. Herball, or generall historie of plantes, 1597 Parkinson, John. Theatrum botanicum, 1640 Culpeper, Nicholas. The English physician enlarged, 1754 Buffon, George Louis Leclerc. Histoire naturelle, 1774 Linnaeus, Carolus. Genera plantarum, 5th ed., 1754 Curtis, William. Botanical magazine, 1790 Darwin, Charles. On the origin of species, 1899 Gosse, Philip Henry. A history of the British sea-anemones and corals, 1860 Kingsley, Charles. Glaucus: or, the wonders of the shore, 5th ed, 1873 Gould, John. The birds of Great Britain, 1873 O. Official and legal The growth of collections of records during the middle ages both by the City and the Cathedral in Exeter show the importance attached to correct and accurate documentation of the rights and activities of institutions and recourse was frequently had to the muniments in cases of dispute. Nationally authorities like Henry de Bracton and locally writers like John Hooker attempted to codify legal and constitutional matters, and the arrival of the printing press soon made such compilations generally available. From about 1800 the publication of statutes, official publications and reports of proceedings became standardised and with the growth of local government publications since World War 2 and the added layer of European documentation there is now a surfeit of official and legal information overwhelming us. Bracton, Henry de. De legibus et consuetudinibus Angliae, 1569 Machiavelli, Niccolo. Tutti le opere, 1550 Howard, John. The state of the prisons in England and Wales, 4th ed., 1791 Parliament. Abstract of the answers and returns ... population, 1803 Hansard, T.C. Parliamentary debates, 1812 Statues. Public. 2 & 3 Wm 4 c. 45. An act to amend the representation of the people in England, 1832 Pankhurst, Charitable. Unshackled: how we won the vote, 1959 Mawson, Thomas H. & Sons. Exeter of the future: a policy of improvement within a period of 100 years, 1913 P. Press and newspapers The ability of the printing press to distribute information on current events is seen in the growing number of newsbooks during the course of the 16th century. These were produced on specific occasions, often to report fires, floods and other natural disasters, or sometimes naughty vicars, for example Fourtie articles in the High Court of Parliament against William Lang who was vicar in the parish of Bradworthy (1641). In London in 1622 they began to be numbered and produced in series. This innovation developed naturally into the newspaper, the format growing from that of a pamphlet to a larger (broadsheet) size. Britain's first daily newspaper, the Daily courant appeared in 1702. Periodicals began to appear in the 17th century, among the first being the Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society (1665). In the 18th century a growing number of specialist titles appeared, including the first women's magazines. Milton, John. Areopagitica, 1698 A true relation of those sad and lamentable accidents, which happened in and about the parish church of Withycombe ..., 1638 London gazette, numb. 1830, 1683 The ladies monthly museum, 1813 The comic almanack, 1835Illustrated London news, 1842 The yellow book: an illustrated quarterly, 1894-97 Byrom, John. The universal shorthand, 1767 R. Records and archives From the earliest times institutions have recognised the legal, financial and historic significance of maintaining full records of their activities and from the middle ages onward recourse was frequently had to the muniment room or the locked document chest to settle matters of dispute. Today Devon Record Office contains rich collections of archives dating from medieval times to the present day. Most of these records have been deposited for safe custody and do not belong to the Record Office. Over the centuries many documents have suffered and action needs to be taken to preserve them for future generations. This section gives details of the specialist work carried out by the Conservation Unit of the Devon Record Office on two contrasting items, the Dartmouth Borough Court Book, 1537-1555, a single volume which needs to be kept together as a unit and the Exeter City Archives volumes of Ancient Letters, an artificial assemblage of single sheet items. S. Scribes and manuscripts (located in the Cathedral Library) For 1,500 years manuscripts were the only means of recording and storing information and many of the earliest Devon examples are held in Exeter Cathedral Library. The Exeter Book is a foundation volume of English literature and can be seen both as looking back to a time of oral transmission of poetry by illiterate bards, some at least of the poems being written versions of much older recited verse, and looking forward in the timeless themes of, say "The wanderer" and the riddles. The Exon Domesday provides a very early example of a comprehensive administrative record. The very end of the period saw the revolution of the printing press, with the earliest incunables clearly showing their origins in written letter forms, sometimes indeed being a combination of printed text and handwritten initials and decoration. Exeter Book, manuscript, c.960/980 Exon Domesday, manuscript, 1086 Grandisson, John. "Legenda de sanctis", manuscript, 14th cent. Rabanus Maurus / Isidore of Seville, manuscript, 10th cent. Saint Helen's Psalter, manuscript, 13th cent. Grandisson, John. Ordinale, manuscript, 15th cent. Isidore / Seneca, manuscript, 13th cent.
Cicero. De officiis, 1465 Celsus, Aurelius Cornelius. De medicina, 1497 T. Technology and invention The printing press was an ideal vehicle for the spread of new scientific ideas, although in the early years there was an emphasis on getting the works of classical writers into print rather than publishing new researches. Progress was often hindered by conflict with religious dogmatism and the need to reconcile scientific theories with scriptural writings. There was also the understandable desire for secrecy where a new discovery might have commercial benefit. In the 20th century scientific publishing has experienced an exponential growth and has been a major influence on the development of information technology to keep track of the vast numbers of scientific papers. Bacon, Francis. De dignitate et augmentiis scientiarum, 1645 Newton, Sir Isaac. Opticks, 4th ed, 1730 Burnet, Thomas. The theory of the earth, 3rd ed, 1697 Hutton, Charles. The theory of the earth, 1795 Priestley, Joseph. Observations on different kinds of air, 1772 Lavoisier, Antoine de. Opuscules physqiues et chymiques, 1774 Smeaton, John. A narrative of the building and a description of the construction of the Eddystone lighthouse with stone, 1793 Mudge, Thomas. A description with plates of the timekeeper invented by the late Thomas Mudge, 1799 Bourne, John C. The history and description of the Great western Railway, 1846 Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations. Official descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the Great Exhibition, 1851 V. Voyages and travel Among the earliest printed accounts of travel are guides for pilgrims to the Holy Land, for example the work of Breydenbach (1486) and the letter reporting Columbus's discovery of the New World (1493). The Spanish and Portugese were not keen that news of their discoveries were broadcast too widely and only after 1550 did accounts of explorations increase in numbers. The important collections of Hakluyt and others date from this period. In the 18th century scientific expeditions began to take place and a number of artefacts collected during the expeditions of Cook and others are to be found in the ethnographic collections of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum. The heroic travels to polar regions completed the voyages of discovery in the period around 1900. Drake, Sir Francis. The world encompass'd, 1628 Purchas, Samuel. Purchas his pilgrimage, 3rd ed, 1617 Cook, James. A voyage toward the South Pole, 1777 Park, Mungo. Travels in the interior of Africa, 2nd ed., 1799 Gilpin, William. Observations on the western parts of England relating chiefly to picturesque beauty, 1798 Livingstone, David. Missionary travels, 1857 Nansen, Fridtjof. Fram over Polhavet, 1897 Scott, Robert Falcon. Scott's last expedition, 1913 W. War and revolution The press has long been used for propaganda purposes by governments and those seeking political change. It has also proved its value in providing rapid information, though not always reliable, on the progress of conflicts. The first surviving English newsbook relates to the Battle of Flodden in 1509. During the English civil war accounts of campaigns could be published in a matter of days, and the telegraph made communications instantaneous during the 19th century. After the events came the official and unofficial accounts of the conflict and memoirs of those involved. The political cartoon with its linking of pictures and text, often requiring a considerable familiarity with current affairs, has also been an effective way of informing and moulding opinion during periods of conflict and some examples are included in this section. Hywood, Abel. A famous victory obtained before the city of Exeter, 1643 Sir Thomas Fairfax's proceedings about the storming of Exeter, 1646 Complete collection of papers relating to the great revolutions ..., 1689 Ray, James. Complete history of the rebellion ... to its total suppression at the glorious Battle of Culloden in April 1746, 1755 Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the revolution in France, 3rd ed, 1790 Paine, Thomas. The rights of man, 4th ed, 1791 Gillray, James. The plumb-pudding in danger, 1805 Marx, Karl. Manifesto of the communist party, 1941 Mr Punch's history of the Great War, 1919 Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf, 1939 Y. Younger readers While grammars and similar textbooks have existed in print from the fifteenth century and were among the earliest items issued by Exeter's first publisher Martin Coeffin in about 1510, the market for books specifically designed for children is largely the creation of the London publisher John Newbery in the 18th century. From the earliest times extensive use was made of woocut and engraved illustrations and, while the specialist publishers were mainly located in London, local printers in Exeter and Plymouth also produced some literature suitable for children. Most of the items in this section are taken from the public library's extensive collection of early children's books. Comenius, Johannes Amos. Orbis sensualium pictus, 1705 L'Estrange, Sir Roger. Fables of Aesop and other eminent mythologists, 1692 An alphabet &c, c.1808 The infant's letter box, 1803 Hieroglyphic bible, c.1800 The orphan; or, the interesting life of little Fanny Fairchild, 1795 The book of trades, 1804 Martin, Sarah Catherine. The comic adventures of old mother Hubbard and her dog, 1805 Cowper, William. The history of John Gilpin, 1829 Aliva, Rene. The anti-spelling book, 3rd ed., 1834 House that Jack built, c1845 Peter Parley's game of British sovereigns, c.1840 Bunyan, John. The pilgrim's progress in words of one syllable, 1869 Lang, Andrew. The lilac fairy book, 1914 Caldecott, Randolph. The hey diddle diddle picture book, 1883 Barrie, James M. Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, 3rd ed, 1907 Montessori, Maria. The Maria Montessori method, 1912
The aims of the exhibition:

q q q q
To stimulate learning and foster pride in the wealth of written resources that have been built up over the centuries in libraries, record offices and museums in Exeter. To show that these resources reflect all aspects of local as well as European cultural development over the past two millennia. To display selected items that are not readily accessible to the general public. To create a sympathetic attitude toward the problems of conserving this material into the next millennium and to raise general awareness of the responsibilities placed on us all to protect Devon's written and printed heritage. To enable the various resource collections in the City to work with each other and with local scholars in a major project fostering closer links between institutions.
Ian Maxted, County Local Studies Librarian February 2000
Top of this page / Local Studies Homepage / Library Service Homepage / Devon County Council Homepage Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 13 Jul 2001 Copyright Devon County Council, 2001.
This page last updated 25 Apr 2000 Copyright Devon County Council, 2000.
Exeter City Council
Home > Residents > Leisure
Today is: Thursday 29 July 2004
Countryside Cycling Leisure Facilities Libraries Markets Parks Rivers & Waterways Sports Walking Xcard
Leisure
Leisure in Exeter The council's Leisure & Museums Unit seeks to promote the health, learning and quality of life of all Exeter's citizens through the provision of high quality, accessible and diverse leisure services, which reinforce the City's role as Regional Capital.
Leisure Beaches
Children's Playareas Clubs & Societies Cultural Strategy Fishing Leisure Strategy Open Spaces Survey Tides
q q
q q
q q
We provide Exeter's Sports and Leisure Centres and manage the dual use of three school sports centre We provide Exeter's premier athletics track We run a first-rate Museum service caring for the city's collection and hosting a myriad of changing exhibitions and events We organise special public events in the city Our countryside service takes care of five valley parks, works on special projects and runs public events We run a Scrapstore, provide and maintain play areas, and work with you to promote play in Exeter Our Sports and Leisure Development team work with you to encourage and enable participation in a variety of sports We look after Exeter's River and Canal
Exeter City Council Civic Centre Paris Street Exeter EX1 1JN Tel: 01392 277888 Fax: 01392 265265
exeter@exeter.gov.uk
http://www.exeter.gov.uk/residents/leisure/index.xml29/07/2004 22:55:00
Devon local studies service. From script to print to hypertext. Exhibition
Devon Library and Information Services
Devon's heritage: D01a
Local Studies Service
From script to print to hypertext: exhibition photographs
Illustrations of the collaborative exhibition organised by Devon Library Services and Exeter Museums in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum 18 September to 27 November 1999 to celebrate the richness of Devon's long written record. Illustrated catalogue available price 4.95 from the Royal Albert Memorial Museum.
TWO MILLENNIA OF DEVON'S WRITTEN HERITAGE
The first gallery: information screens for Exeter Reference Library and Royal Albert Memorial Museum with Romano-British tile containing inscribed ABC (ca.60 AD) which is one of the first items in the timeline.
The first gallery: information screens for Exeter Medical Library, Devon and Exeter Institution and the Bill Douglas Centre with the magic lantern which appeared in Bill Douglas's film "Comrades". Also shown is a section of the timeline which ran around the walls of both galleries
The second gallery. Panel and exhibits for theme A: Art and architecture
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/script.html (1 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:03
Devon local studies service. From script to print to hypertext. Exhibition
The second gallery. Panel and exhibits for theme B, bookbinding and typography
The second gallery. Panel and exhibits for themes P: press and periodicals R: records and archives S: scribes and manuscripts. The original manuscripts were for the most part displayed in Exeter Cathedral Library.
The second gallery. Panel and exhibits for theme W: war and revolution
The exhibition captions and scanned images of most of the exhibits are progressively being mounted on a website at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/millexpo.html. Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 2 Apr 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/script.html (2 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:03
Devon local studies service. Devon's ship of fools
Misc. (in preparation) Devon's ship of fools
Devon's ship of fools an examination of the contribution of folly to society based on the first printed book by a Devonian writer The second edition of The ship of fooles, translated from the Latin of Sebastian Brandt with commentaries by Alexander Barclay, priest of Ottery St. Mary in Devon, was acquired by Devon Library services in 1999 with the assistance of a substantial grant by the Kent Kingdon Trust. The series of 116 woodcuts was first used in the edition of 1509 and they were reused in the second edition of Barclay's translation, published in 1570. They derive from those in the original edition of Brandt's work, printed in Basle in 1494, many of which have been attributed to Drer. In his translation Barclay introduces a number of comments based on his experiences in Devon, making this the first printed work of Devon literature.
2. Of unprofitable bookes (fo. 1r) Lo in likewise of bookes I have store But fewe I reade, and fewer understande, I folowe not their doctrine nor their lore, It is ynough to beare a booke in hande: It were to muche to be in such a bande, For to be bounde to loke within the booke, I am content on the fayre covering to looke. According to the instructions of the College's founder, John Grandisson, the chaplain had care and cusody of the books. Barclay adds stanzas to section on vices of the clergy: But if I durst truth plainely utter and expresse, This is the speciall cause in this inconvenience, That greatest fooles, and fullest of lewdnes, Having least wit and simplest science, Are first promoted, and have greatest reverence. For if one can flatter and beare a hauke on his fist, He shalbe made parson of Honington or Clist Rev. Henry Ferman was incumbent of Honiton 1505-17.
3. Of evill counsailers, judges, and men of lawe (fo. 3v) He that office hath and high aucthoritie To rule a Realme, as Judge or counsellor, Which seeing Justice, playne right and equitie, Them falsely binding by favour or rigour, Condempning wretches giltlesse: and to a Transgressour For mede shewing favour: Such is as wise a man, As he would seeth a quick sowe in a pan.
4. Of avarice, or covetise, and prodigalitie (fo. 5v) He that is busy every day and houre, Without measure, maner, or moderation, To gather riches and great store of treasure, Thereof no ioy taking, comfort nor consolation: He is a foole, and of blinde and mad opinion.
5. Of new fassions and disguised garmentes (fo. 7v) Some their neckes charged with colers and chaynes, As golden withes, their fingers full of ringes: Their neckes naked, almost unto the raynes, Their sleves blasing like to a Cranes winges. Thus by this devising such counterfaited thinges, They diffourme that figure that God himselfe hath made, On pride and abusion thus are their mindes layde.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/folly.html (1 of 5)29/07/2004 22:55:12
6. Of olde fooles, that is to say, the longer they live, the more they are given to foly (fo. 10v) The madnes of my youth rooted in my age, And the blinde foly of my iniquities, Will me not suffer to leave mine olde usage, Nor my fore living full of enormitie. Lame are my limmes, and also I can not see, I am a childe, and yet lived have I An hundreth winters, encreasing my foly.
7. Of the erudition of negligent fathers towarde their children (fo. 12r) Correct thy childe while he is like a twigge, Supple and pliant, apt to correction: It will be harde forsooth when he is bigge, To bring his stubborn heart to subiection, What hurteth punishment with moderation Unto young children, certainly nothing, It voydeth vice, getting vertue and cunning.
8. Of tale bearers, false reporters, and promoters of strifes (fo. 15v) Within his mouth is venim jeopardous and vile, His tongue still laboureth leasings to contrive: His mind still museth on falshood and on gile, Therewith to trouble such as gladly would not strive. Sometimes his words as dartes he doth drive Against good men, for onely his delite, Is set to slaunder, to defame and backbite.
9. Of him that will not followe nor ensue good counsayle and necessary (fo. 17r) He is a foole that doth covet and desire, To have the name of wisedom and prudence: And yet of one sought through a citie or a shire, None could be found of lesse wisedome nor science. But while he thiketh him full of sapience, Craftie and wise, doubtlesse he is more blinde, Then is that foole which is out of his minde.
10. Of disordered and ungodly maners (fo. 19r) In this our time small is the company, That have good maners woorthy of reverence; But many thousandes folowe villany, Prone to all sinne and inconvenience, Striving who soonest may come to all offence. Of lewde conditions and unlawfulnes, Blindnes of evill, and defiled foolishnes.
11. Of breaking and hurting of amitie and friendship (fo. 20v) It is not lawfull to any excellent Or mightie man, eyther lawyer or estate, By cruelnes to oppresse an innocent: Ne by pride and malice Justice to violate, The law transporting after a frowarde rate, With proude wordes defending his offence, God wot oft such have simple conscience O that he cursed is and reprovable, Which day and night studieth busily, To finde some meanes false and detestable, To put his frende to losse or hurt thereby,
12. Of contempt or despising of holy scripture (fo. 23r) The holy Bible grounde of truth and of lawe, Is nowe of many abiect and nought set by, Nor godly scripture is not woorth an hawe: But tales are loved ground of ribaudry, And many are so blinded with their foly, That no scripture thinke they so true nor good, As is the foolish iest of Robin Hood.
13. Of fooles without provision (fo. 24v) 14. Of disordered love and venerious (fo. 26v) 15. Of them that sinne trusting upon the mercy of God (fo. 28v)
Images not yet scanned
16. Of the foolish beginning of great buildings without sufficient provision (fo. 30v) Who ever beginneth any worke or dede Of building, or of other thing chargeable, And to his costes before taketh no hede, Nor time not counteth to his worke agreable: Suche is a foole and well worthy a bable. For he that is wise will nothing assay, Without he knowe howe he well ende it may. What would Brant and Barclay have thought of the Dome and other millennial enterprises?
17. Of gluttons and dronkardes (fo. 32v) 18. Of riches unprofitable (fo. 34v) 19. Of him that together would serve two masters (fo. 36v) 20. Of too much speaking or babbling (fo. 38v) 21. Of them that correct other and yet them selves do nought, and sinne worse than they whom they so correct (fo. 39v) 22. Of him that findeth ought of another man's, not restoring it to the owner (fo. 41v) 23. Of the sermon or erudition of wisdome both to wise men and fooles. (fo 43r) 24. Of boasting or having confidence in fortune (fo. 45) 25. Of the over grewat and chargeable curiositie of men (fo. 47) 26. Of them that are alway borrowing (fo. 49) 27. Of unprofitable and vayne prayers, vowes, and petitions (fo. 50v) 28. Of unprofitable study (fo. 53) 29. Of them that foolishly speake against the workes of God (fo. 55v) 30. Of them that geve judgement on other (fo. 57) 31. Of pluralities, that is to say, of them which charge them selfe with many benefices (fo. 59) 32. Of them that prolong from day to day to amend them selves (fo. 61) 33. Of him that is gelous over his wife, and watcheth her wayes without cause or evident token of her misliving (fo. 63) 34. Of adoutrie, and especially of them that are bawdes to their wives ... (fo. 65) 35. Of him that nought can, and nought will learne (fo. 66v) Softe fooles, softe, a little slack your pace, Till I have space you to order by degree, I have eyght neyghboures, that first shall have a place, Within this my ship, for they most worthy be, They may their learning receyve costles and free, Their walles abutting and joyning to the scholes, Nothing they can, yet nought will they learne nor see, Therefore shall they guide this one ship of fooles. Alexander Barclay adds a comment on the eight secondaries which formed part of the original college of Ottery St. Mary, as is explained by a Latin heading to the section. 36. Of great wrath proceeding of small occasion (fo. 69r) 37. Of the mutabilitie of fortune (fo. 71) 38. Of them that be diseased, and sicke, and are impacient, and unobedient to the phisitian (fo. 73) 39. Of over open takinges of counsell (fo. 75v) 40. Of fooles that can not beware by the misfortune and example of others damage (fo. 77) 41. Of them that forceth or careth for the backbiting of lewde people (fo. 79) 42. Of mockers and scorners and false accusers (fo. 81) 43. Of them that despise everlasting joye ... (fo. 83) 44. Of them that make noyses, rehearsinges of tales, and do other thinges unlawfull and dishonest in the churche of God (fo. 84v) 45. Of them that willing and knowingly put them selves in jeopardie and peril (fo. 87) 46. Of the way of felicitie amd goodnes, and of the payne to come unto sinners (fo. 88v) 47. Of the evill examples of elders geven unto youth (fo. 90v) 48. Of bodily pleasure or corporal voluptuositie (fo. 92v) 49. Of fooles that cannot keepe secrete their owne councell (f. 94v) 50. Of yonge fooles that take old women to their wives for their riches (f. 96) 51. Of envious fooles (f. 98) 52. Of impacient fools that will not abide correction (f. 100) 53. Of fooolsh phisitions and unlearned, that onely folowe paractike, knowing nought of the speculation of their facultie (f. 102) 54. Of the ende of worldly honour and power and of fooles that trust in them (f.104) 55. Of predestination (f. 106v) 56. Of fooles that forget themsele, and do another mans busines, leaving their owne undone. (f. 108v) 57. Of the vice of unkindnes, and fooles that it folowe.( f.110) 58. Of fooles that stande so well in their owne conceit, that they thinkke none so wise, stronge, fayre, nor eloquent, as they are themselvf. (f.112v) 59. Of leapings and daunces, and fooles that passe their time in such vanitie. (f.115) 60. Of night watchers and beters of the stretes, playing by night on instrumentes, and using like follies, when time is to reste. (f.117) 61. Of foolish beggers, and of their vanities (f. 119) 62. Of the yre immoderate, the wrath and great lewdnes of women. (f. 121v) 63. Of the great might and power of fooles (f. 125v)
Images not yet scanned.
Image not yet scanned.
Images not yet scanned
64. Of the vaiyne care of astronomie. (f. 128) 65. Of the foolishe description and inquisition of divers countries and regions (f. 130) 66. Of him that will not see his owne foolishnes and that striveth against his stronger (f. 131v) 67. Of fooles that understande not game, and can nothing take in sport, and yet intermitte them with fooles (f. 133v) 68. Of them that wilfully offende ... (f. 136) 69. Of fooles without provision ... (f. 138)
70. Of great strivers in the lawe for things of nought (f. 139v) He is a foole, whether it be man of wife, Which him deliteth in iudgement or lawe, And euer contendeth in discorde and in strife, In small trifles and scantly worth a strawe: Suche their owne fleshe vnto the bones granw, And labour by their subtiltie and gyle, To blinde iustice, and the lawes to defyle. Brant and Barclay's comments have a bearing on our litigious age.
71. Of fooles abhominable in foule wordes of ribaudry. (f. 141v)
Image not yet scanned.
72. Of the abusion of the spiritualtie (f.143v) Here Barclay extends his attacks on the monks beyond the Augustinians as Locher had done: O holy Benet, with God nowe glorified, O glorious Austen, O Fraunces decorate With meekenes the places that ye have edified, Are now disordred, and with vices maculate, Envy, pride, malice, gluttony and debate Are now chiefe giders in many of your places, Which grace and vertue utterly out chases. In the Diocese of Exeter there were 16 Benedictine foundations, 11 Augustinian and 3 Franciscan foundations in Barclay's time.
73. Of the proude and vayne boasting of fooles (f. 146) 74. Of carde player and disers (f. 148) 75. Of fooles oppressed with their owne foly. (f. 156v) 76. Of the extortion of knightes, great officers, men of warre, scribes and practisers of the lawe (f. 152) Barclay contrasts two local persons, Sir John Kirkham and one Mansell. Good officers are good and commendable, Any manly knightes that live in righteousnesse, But they that do not are worthy of a bable, Since by their pride poore people they oppresse: My master Kyrkham for his perfite mekenes, And supportation of men in povertie, Out of my ship shall worthely be free. I flatter not, I am his true servitour, His chaplayne and bedeman, while my life shall endure, ... Mansel of Oteri for powling of the poore, Were not his great wombe here should have an ore. 77. Of foolish messengers and pursiuvantes (f. 154v) 78. Of foolish cookes and butlers, ... (f. 156v) 79. Of the arrogancie and pride of men of the countrie (f.158v) 80. Of the contempt and despising of povertie (fo. 160v) 81. Of them that begin to do well, and continue not in that purpose (f.164) 82. Of fooles that despise death, ... (f.167) 83. Of fooles that despise God. (f. 170v) 84. Of blasphemers and swearers of the name of God, and of his saintes. (f.172v) 85. Of the plague and indignation of God, and fooles that fear not the same. (f. 175v) 86. Of foolishe exchaunges, scorsings and permutations. (f.177v) 87. Of foolish children that worship not their father and mother. (f. 180) 88. Of the clatering and babling of priestes and clarkes in the queere. (f.182) 89. Of elevate pride and boasting. (f.184v) 90. Of usurers and ofkerers. (f.187v) 91. Of the vaine hope that fooles have to succeed to heritage, possession and riches. (f. 189v) 92. Of fooles that keepe not the holy day. (f.191v) 93. Of fooles that repent of that they have geven. (f.193v) 94. Of the vice of slouth. (f. 195) 95. Of straunge fooles and infidels, as Sarasins, Paynims, Turkes, and such like. (f.197) 96. Of the ruine and decay of the holy fayth Catholicke, and diminution of the empire (f.205) 97. Of flatterers and glosers (f.207v) 98. Of tale bearers and fooles of light credence unto the same. (f.209) 99. Of falsehode, gile, and disceate, and suche as folowe them. (f. 211) 100. Of the falsehode of Antichrist. (f. 213v) 101. Of him that dare not utter the truth for fear of displeasure or punishment. (f.216v) 102. Of fooles that withdrawe and let other to do good dedes. (f. 218v) 103. of the omission or leaving of good workes.(f. 220) 104. Of the reward of wisedom. (f. 222) 105. Of the despising of misfortune. (f. 224) 106. Of backbiters of good men, ... (f.225v) 107. Of immoderate vilenes in maners used at the table. (f 228v) 108. Of fooles disgised with visers and other counterfayte apparell. (f. 232)
Image not yet scanned
109. The description of a wise man (f. 234v) Barclay addresses John Bishop, rector of St Paul in Exeter 1504-37 Which was the first oversear of this warke And unto his frende gave his advisement, It not to suffer to slepe still in the darke, But to be published abrode and put to print: Thy name to worship and honour doth accord As born a bishop without a benefice! Thy living small, thy name is of a Lord
110. Of fooles that despise wisedome and philosophie, ... (f. 237v) 111. A concertation or striving betwene vertue and voluptuositie or carnall lust (f. 239v) 112. The objection of lust blaming vertue. (f. 241) 113. The answere of vertue against this objection of voluptuositie. (f. 244v) 114. The universall ship and general barke or barge, wherein thety rowe that yet have had no charge. (f. 248v) 115. The universal ship of crafty men or labourers. (f. 251) 117. Of fooles that are over worldly. (f. 252v) 116. A briefe addition of the singularitie of some newe fooles. (f 256)
Depictions of folly in Westcountry Churches Bench end in Combeinteignhead From: J.Charles Cox. Bench-ends in English churches, 1916.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 14 Jan 2002 Copyright Devon County Council, 2000.
The Bill Douglas Centre
Enter the Bill Douglas Centre | University of Exeter homepage Copyright The Bill Douglas Centre, University of Exeter, 2000 Created by Hester Higton on 15 November 1999 Last modified by Hester Higton on 14 April 2000
http://www.ex.ac.uk/bill.douglas/29/07/2004 22:55:14
The Devon & Exeter Institution Library
Library Home > University Libraries > Devon & Exeter Institution Library
Search
The Devon & Exeter Institution Library
Address: The Devon & Exeter Institution Library, 7 The Close, Exeter, Devon. EX1 1EZ. Telephone: Exeter (01392) 251017
The Devon and Exeter Institution Library is an independent subscription library founded in 1813 and housed in a Grade 2* listed building in the Cathedral Close. Full membership is available gratis to University of Exeter staff and postgraduate students (application forms at the Issue Desk of the Main Library or at the Institution). University of Exeter undergraduates may use the library for reference on production of a valid University Library card. The library collections, c.34,000 volumes (included in the University Library's online catalogue), are particularly strong in south west studies, nineteenth century periodicals, biography, history and topography. Opening hours: 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday. Assistant Librarian (Special Collections)
[ Library Home Page | University Libraries | Top | Comments | Local Search ] URL: http://www.ex.ac.uk/library/devonex.html IJT - 18 September 2002
http://www.ex.ac.uk/library/devonex.html29/07/2004 22:55:15
Historical Records
you are in: home > community > the county >
Historical Records
See Also
q q q q q
Useful Website Addresses for Family History Useful Websites for Specific Topics Websites on conservation and preservation Friends of Devon's Archives Parish Register List
Related Links
q q q q q q q q q
The National Archives British Library International Genealogical Index Genuki Plymouth & West Devon Record Office Public Record Office Historical Manuscripts Commission National Register of Archives Access to Archives
Welcome to the Devon Record Office website

IMPORTANT NEWS: TEMPORARY CLOSURE FROM 5 JULY 2004 FOR MOVE TO NEW PREMISES
The new Devon Record Office building at Great Moor House, Sowton, Exeter is due for completion in early autumn 2004. The Devon Record Office in Castle Street, Exeter, shall close to the public from Monday 5 July 2004 for about 5 months, while the documents, equipment, and staff relocate. During this period microfiche and microfilm sources will continue to be available at a service point in our present Castle Street office., which will operate with less staff. Microform copies of many records are also available at the North Devon Record Office, which will remain open throughout, and at the Plymouth and West Devon Record Office.
q q
Information on the records held at each office on microfilm and microfiche. More details of the move and services available while we are closed ____________________________________________________________
The Devon Record Office exists to collect and preserve the historical records of Devon and to make them available to all who wish to study them. There are three record offices which share this task.
Detail from grant of Edward III to Tavistock Abbey, 1334. Bedford Estates [W1258M/D84] The Devon Record Office at Exeter houses all types of historical records relating to the county of Devon, the city of Exeter, and east, mid and south Devon, including Torbay. These include the records of the parishes, and of innumerable individuals, families, estates, businesses, societies, chapels and schools. It also holds the ecclesiastical records of the Diocese of Exeter, and administers the Exeter Cathedral (Dean and Chapter) Archives in the Cloister Library. The North Devon Record Office at Barnstaple has a wide range of historical records for the North Devon area. Since 1998 the Devon Record Office has provided an archives service for both Devon County Council and Torbay Council under a joint arrangement between the two authorities. Records relating to the Torbay area are generally deposited at the Exeter office. The Plymouth and West Devon Record Office holds records of the old borough and modern city of Plymouth, as well as the west Devon area. From the 1st April 1998, it has been run as an independent archive service by Plymouth City Council. Microfiche or microfilm of some records, in particular parish records relating to the whole of Devon, are available in the search-rooms of all three record offices.
Find out more

q q q q q q q q q q
Which Record Office Should I Visit? General Record Office Information North Devon Record Office What's New? Newsletters Our Records On-line Catalogues Family History House History Our Services, Aims and Policies
Contact Us
If you have any feedback or comments please complete the online enquiry form. Phone: +44 (0)1392 384253 Fax: +44 (0)1392 384256 Devon Record Office Castle Street Exeter EX4 3PU devrec@devon.gov.uk
http://www.devon.gov.uk/record_office.htm (1 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:21
Historical Records
Exeter Cathedral Archives (Also known as the Dean and Chapter Archives) Postal enquiries Exeter Cathedral Archives Diocesan House Palace Gate Exeter EX1 1HX Email enquiries These should be addressed to either: catharchive@eurobell.co.uk or archive@exeter-cathedral.org.uk Telephone enquiries You can phone on +44 (0)1392 383063 (mornings) or +44 (0)1392 495954 (afternoons)
http://www.devon.gov.uk/record_office.htm (2 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:21
Exeter Medical Library
EXETER MEDICAL LIBRARY

North and East Devon Community Established 1813 Exeter Postgraduate Medical Centre, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW. Devon. Tel: 01392 403002. E-mail: MedLib@ex.ac.uk "Medicine for the soul." Inscribed over the entrance to the ancient Library at Thebes How to find us Exeter and District Health Care Library Search entire site and Knowledge Service Clinical Databases Guide to the Library Hot Links Library Bulletin Electronic Journals Local Catalogue Electronic Textbooks South West Healthcare Libraries catalogue Practice Guidelines List of Journal Holdings Professions and Specialisms New books added to the Library Primary Care Library Skills Training Programme 2004 Local Web Sites
Origins of our Library and its logo
Exeter Medical Library is an NHS funded service supporting the education, training, research and professional development of local health care personnel. In 2003 Exeter Medical Library formally united with Wonford House Library and Dean Clarke House Library to form the Exeter and District Healthcare Library and Knowledge Service. Although access to some online resources is necessarily restricted to registered library users, most of the electronic resources are freely available to anyone whether eligible to register or not. Only those users registered with the Library may borrow from our collection. Others are welcome to use us for Reference purposes.
Adapted from the logo used by the radical newspaper publisher Henry Hetherington who used it on the masthead of his Poor Man's Guardian (1831-35). In 1833 the circulation reached 12-15,000 with a readership of up to twenty times this number. The wording on the platen originally read "Freedom of the Press"
http://www.ex.ac.uk/library/eml/
This page was researched and created by Jill Maxted. It was last modified on 23/1/2004 If you have comments or suggestions, email us at MedLib@exeter.ac.uk You are visitor number: Visitor Status BAR
http://www.ex.ac.uk/library/eml/29/07/2004 22:55:25
Libraries
you are in: home > community >
Libraries
See Also
q q q q q q q q
Computers Information and Reference Children's Services Fees and Charges Renew Online School Library Service Webguide Community Organisations
Have you visited your local library recently? Libraries now have something for everyone, books and information, music, films, and computers with access to the Internet. Why not join? Until you do you won't know what you are missing! Devon Libraries Challenge You! Roll-up, roll-up for the Reading Rollercoaster! >>more Meet The Author Your chance to meet Rebecca Shaw, author of the Turnham Malpas & Barleybridge novels. >>more
Find out more

q q q q q q q q q q q
Library Catalogue Your Local Library Join Services Facilities Entertainment Local Studies Book Talk Library News Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS) Policies & Planning
Contact Us
For local contacts please see Your Local Library If you want reference information on a particular subject, including information about local history, please use our Online Enquiry Service. To make a comment, compliment or complaint about any service we provide, please Tell us what you think using the Corporate feedback form. For more general enquiries about library services or policies, please use the contact details below. Head of Library & Information Services Devon Library Headquarters Barley House Isleworth Road Exeter EX4 1RQ
01392 384315
01392 384316
devlibs@devon.gov.uk
http://www.devon.gov.uk/community/libraries.htm29/07/2004 22:55:29
Library and Information Service - University of Exeter
LIBRARY & INFORMATION SERVICE
The Libraries The sites, staff and holdings Services & Facilities Information on using the libraries Opening Hours For all the University libraries News and Library Newsletter The latest in Library developments Guides & Bibliographies Subject resources, 'how to' series... Special Collections Archives, books & Bill Douglas Centre Search Search the entire Library web site
Library Catalogue Access the OPAC on the web
Electronic Resources & Guides Databases, CD-ROMs, e-journals etc. Information Skills Support How to search & retrieve information Internet Resources Selected by the RDN & the Library Searching the Internet Search engines, directories, tutorials Library & Related Resources Other library web sites, catalogues etc. UK HE & Research Libraries An extensive listing of other UK sites
Index Index to Library web documents
Feedback E-mail us with questions & comments
Last amended 15 April 2004 Copyright 2003 University of Exeter Library & Information Service [ Library Staff Only ]
http://www.ex.ac.uk/library/29/07/2004 22:55:35
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/wsl.html
Devon Library and Information Services. Local studies service. Westcountry Studies Library, Exeter
County Council > Library service > Local studies > Collections > This page (Ref: COLL-R12) Collections | Sources | Lists | Places | Subjects | Persons | Pictures | Maps | Timeline | Search | Contact Address: Castle Street, Exeter EX4 3PQ Telephone: Exeter (01392) 384216 Website: http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/. Opening hours: Monday: 9.30-6.00 Tuesday: 9.30-7.00 Wednesday: 10.00-5.00 Thursday: 9.30-7.00 Friday: 9.30-6.00 Saturday: 9.30-4.00 Situated in the Devon Studies Centre, which it shares with the Devon Record Office, the Westcountry Studies Library is the largest local studies library in Devon. It aims to preserve all types of non-archival documentation relating to the four south-western counties and to organise it for information and research at all levels. It originated in the reference library in the Royal Albert Memorial, founded in 1869. The collections were evacuated to a place of safety and so largely survived the Blitz of 1942, when the building itself was burnt by an incendiary bomb, and they were considerably enlarged when the old Exeter City collections were merged with the County Library's collections on local government reorganisation in 1974.
RESOURCES
BOOKS More than 60,000 volumes relating to all aspects of Devon and the adjoining counties are available for reference in the Library with a working selection on the open shelves arranged by a modified version of the Dewey decimal classification used in the main lending and reference libraries. Histories and guidebooks are arranged alphabetically by place within county in a separate sequence. Coverage includes the standard county and town histories published from the 17th century onward, guidebooks starting in the late 18th century, directories from 1783 to date, and modern planning documents. Although the Library has many manuscripts, these are of a non-archival nature, archives being held by the Devon Record Office, located in the same building as the Library. Searchable listings are available on the local studies website. PERIODICALS Runs of the major county historical periodicals are held, including the Transactions of the Devonshire Association, Devon and Cornwall Notes and Queries and the publications of the Devon and Cornwall Record Society. Runs of the more important of the several hundred periodical files are shelved at the start of the classified sequence of books. Also in the collection are runs of Council minutes for Devon from 1905, Exeter from 1890 and district councils from 1974. An index of periodical titles is available on the internet at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/perlist.html. NEWSPAPERS Because of their fragility newspapers must be consulted on microfilm, where available. The Library has microfilms of local newspapers for every year from 1738 to date with some files for the period 1715-31. A selection of current newspapers has been cut for files on places, subjects and persons since the 1920s. A bibliography of Devon newspapers including details of the holdings of the Westcountry Studies Library, can be found on the internet at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/newsbib.html. MAPS The major series are: 1765 1 inch to 1 mile Donn's survey of Devon 17842-6 in to 1 mile Ordnance Survey drafts 1809 18091 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey 1972 1826 1 inch to 1 mile Greenwood's survey 18641:10560, 1:2500 County series 1st ed (microfiche) 1890 18551:500 etc O.S. town plans (microfiche) 1892 19051:10560, 1:2500 County series 2nd edition 1939 1945-date 1:2500, 1:1250 O.S. national grid series 1945-date 1:10000, 1:25000 O.S. national grid 1974-date 1:50,000 O.S. Landranger series These are supplemented by earlier maps, from the the 16th century onwards. Thematic maps include geological and land use maps, navigation charts and shopping centre plans. Lists of most types of maps are available. The Library also runs MapView, computer software which enables the viewing of recent large-scale digital mapping of Devon. ILLUSTRATIONS Some 50,000 prints, drawings and photographs provide a graphic record of the county from the late 18th century to date and there is also a collection of portraits. Illustrations are not all indexed and advance notice is advisable to see illustrations. Devon photographs from the Francis Frith collection are available on microfiche. The Etched on Devon's Memory lottery funded project displays early engravings on the internet at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/illguide.html. EPHEMERA These include broadsheets, posters, playbills, trade cards and similar items. They are largely unindexed but it may be possible to produce some material. MICROFORMS Besides the newspapers and maps mentioned above, the main collections of material in this form are the Mormons' International Genealogical Index of baptisms and marriages, held for the four Western counties, and the census enumerators' returns for Devon from 1841 to 1901. You are advised to book a reader in advance to consult microfilms. DIGITAL RESOURCES The Library provides public access to Devon related sites on the internet and a growing collection of materials is available on CD-ROM. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL Fragility and storage problems mean that much material is not on open access. All material is available for public consultation although during periods of low staffing it may not be possible to fetch items from the store. If you intend to use the collections during evenings or lunch hours you are advised to request material in advance. FINDING AIDS The arrangement such a diverse range of material is inevitably complex. If you do not find the information you require, please ask the staff. The following are the main finding
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/wsl.html (1 of 3)29/07/2004 22:55:37
aids: Catalogue of books. There are terminals in the Library where you can interrogate the database of books, pamphlets and some ephemeral items by author, title, place and subject. A version of the database is also available on the internet. Illustrations index. The Library has a card index arranged by place, subdivided by subject. There is no index to artists. Beside the Etched on Devon's Memory project, a growing selection of illustrations is now indexed on a computer database. Map indexes. There are indexes to Ordnance Survey plans and other categories of maps, as well as key maps. Information index. This provides an alphabetical subject index to miscellaneous items of information in periodical articles and other sources. A computerised version of this is under development. Burnet Morris Index. Compiled by R. Burnet Morris between 1915 and 1940, this contains over 1,000,000 cards with information on Devon persons, places and subjects. A printed guide to this complex index is available. Exeter Flying Post index. A card index to the newspaper for 1763-1885, covering subjects, places and persons.
DEVON AND CORNWALL RECORD SOCIETY

The Society's collection of transcripts of parish registers and similar records is deposited in the Library for the use of members only. Temporary or full membership can be taken out in the Library. A handlist of the collection can be consulted at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/dcrs.html.
FACILITIES
Seating: 22 seats are available at tables. Microform readers: four film and three fiche readers are available. Time on these should be booked in advance. Microform printers: these are available for public use with staff assistance where necessary. Computers: five People's Network PCs access the internet and there are stand-alone facilities for the consultation of other digital resources. Photocopier: a coin-operated copier is available. The copyright legislation must be observed by users who should bring sufficient change with them. For conservation reasons some items may not be copied. Photography and scanning: this is undertaken only by the Library's designated photographer. Genealogical research: this can be undertaken by a professional genealogist based in the Record Office. For details of this service see http://www.devon.gov.uk/dro/research. html. Disabled access: There is only short-term parking space near the Library. A ramp leads up to the main entrance and a staff lift to the first floor can be summoned from a telephone in the entrance foyer.
ACTIVITIES
TALKS Staff is not available to visit organisations to give talks. Small groups of not more than six can visit the Library to be given talks on the resources in the collection. Larger groups can be split with the Record Office, or the Music Room can be booked. PUBLICATIONS Only material produced by the Library itself is for sale, including early maps, guides to resources and the Devon Bibliography 1985-2000. A publications list is available on the internet at http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/locpubl.html. PROJECT WORK The Library is anxious to support educational work in the field of local history and environmental studies. It is essential however that teachers contact the Library before setting assignments or sending students in, to ascertain that suitable material is available. Visits by groups of students are welcome but must be notified well in advance so that accommodation and material can be reserved. OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES No one resource can hope to be comprehensive in the field of local studies and the brief list below is intended to assist serious researchers with ideas for extending their investigations. Fuller information can be found through the local studies service homepage or by enquiring at the Library. LIBRARIES North Devon Local Studies Centre Tuly Street, Barnstaple EX31 1EL. Tel: 01271-388607 Plymouth Local Studies Library (administered by Plymouth City Council) Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AL. Tel: 01752-305909 Torquay Local Studies Library (administered by Torbay Council) Lymington Road, Torquay TQ1 3DT. Tel: 01803-208305 Most branch libraries have material on their own area and the following non-public libraries have good collections: Devon and Exeter Institution, 7, The Close, Exeter EX1 1EZ North Devon Athenaeum, Tuly Street, Barnstaple EX31 1EL RECORD OFFICES Devon Record Office Castle Street, Exeter EX4 3PU. Tel: 01392-384253 North Devon Record Office Tuly Street, Barnstaple EX32 7EJ. Tel: 01271-388608 Plymouth and West Devon Record Office (administered by Plymouth City Council) Unit 3, Clare Place, Coxside, Plymouth. Tel: 01752-305940 MUSEUMS Many of the smaller museums are staffed on a voluntary basis and have restricted opening hours. The largest museums are: Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Queen Street, Exeter Plymouth Museum and Art Gallery, Drake Circus, Plymouth Torquay Museum, 529 Babbacombe Road, Torquay ORGANISATIONS
The main county-wide organisations are: Devon History Society Devon Archaeological Society Devonshire Association Devon Family History Society Centre for South Western Historical Studies The heritage section of the Community information website has lists of organisations and is always grateful to receive additions and corrections.
Return to top of this page and key links | Contact information relating to this website. This page last updated 24 Feb 2003 by Ian Maxted Copyright Devon County Council, 2003.
Visits since 6 Nov 2000:
Devon local studies service. Celtic coins
Timeline. ca 30 Inscribed Celtic coins. ca 30. Inscribed Celtic coins In the period around the birth of Christ the Durotriges in Dorset and the Dobunni in Somerset both produced inscribed coins. While the Dumnonii in Devon and Cornwall never produced a coinage of their own, these coins would have circulated in their territory and would have provided contact with the written word for many people in Devon. The abbreviated names of the Durotrigian rulers Corio, Bodvoc and others represent the first Westcountry individuals to be recorded in written form.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to devlibs@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 11/Apr/1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0040cor.html29/07/2004 22:55:38
Devon local studies service. Roman graffiti alphabet
Timeline. ca.60 Roman graffiti alphabet, Exeter ca 60. Roman tile bearing incised alphabet. Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Archaeology Section. This tile was made in Exeter for the hypocaust of the legionary bath-house in Cathedral Close. The tile has been incised before firing with the first letters of the Roman alphabet, finishing with the letter "F". It provides the earliest direct evidence of literacy in Devon.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 29/Jul/1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0060abc.html29/07/2004 22:55:40
Devon local studies service. Inscribed Roman pottery
Timeline. ca.100-400 Inscribed Roman pottery ca 100-400. Inscribed Roman pottery. Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Archaeology Section. These pottery sherds contain fragments of the names of their owners or manufacturers and give us the earliest known names of Devon people. They read: (1) [...]LARI (of Hilarius). (2) [...]VITAE (of Avita). (3) [...]CANDI[...] (of Candidus). (4). [...]ABRI (of Cantaber).
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0100lar.html29/07/2004 22:55:41
Devon local studies service. Inscribed stones, ca.450-650.
Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service Image to be scanned
Timeline. ca 450-650 Inscribed stones. Inscribed stones. Engravings taken from: Bray, Anna Eliza. The borders of the Tamar and Tavy. New ed (London: W.Kent, 1879), vol. 1 p. 318, 321, 327. Westcountry Studies Library: sDEV/0001/BRA There are some 37 inscribed stones in Cornwall and 18 in Devon, dating from the fifth to seventh centuries and commemorating rulers and nobles of the post-Roman period. The three illustrated here, probably dating from the mid-sixth century were assembled in the vicarage garden at Tavistock in the 19th century. The Maccodechet stone once helped to support a blacksmith's shop in Buckland Monachorum and the Dobunni stone, found on Roborough Down, also contains a rare example of the Irish ogham script.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 19 Apr 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0450ins.html29/07/2004 22:55:42
Devon local studies service. Gildas. De excidio Britanniae, ca. 450.
Timeline. ca 550 Gildas. De excidio Britanniae. Gildas. De excidio Britanniae Modern transcript. Translation from: Six old English chronicles, 1866. Exeter Reference Library: 932.01 This work was written while the Saxon conquest was still in progress and Gildas saw the fall of Britain partly as a punishment for the iniquities of the native rulers. In section 28, here rewritten in the uncial script of the period, Gildas denounces Constantine, giving us a rare contemporary picture of a ruler of Devon and Cornwall: ... when they have stood before the altar, swearing by the name of God, they go away and think no more of the holy altar than if it were a mere heap of dirty stones. Of this horrid abomination, Constantine, the tyrannical whelp of the unclean lioness of Damnonia, is not ignorant. This same year, after taking a dreadful oath (whereby he bound himself first before God, by solemn protestation, and then called all the saints, and Mother of God, to witness, that he would not contrive any deceit against his countrymen), he nevertheless, in the habit of a holy abbat amid the sacred altars, did with sword and javelin, as if with teeth, wound and tear, even in the bosoms of their temporal mother, and of the church their spiritual mother, two royal youths, with their attendants, whose arms, although not cased in armour, were yet boldly used, and, stretched out towards God and his altar, will hang up at the gates of thy city, O Christ, the venerable ensigns of their faith and patience; and when he had done it, the cloaks, red with coagulated blood, did touch the place of the heavenly sacrifice. And not one worthy act could he boast of previous to this cruel deed; for many years before he had stained himself weith the abomination of many adulteries, having put away his wife contrary to the comment of Christ ...
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0550gil.html29/07/2004 22:55:44
Devon local studies service. Willibald. Leben und Leyden dess heiligen Ertzbischoffs und Martyrers Bonifacii, 1588)
Image to be scanned
Timeline. 754 Willibald. Leben und Leyden dess heiligen Ertzbischoffs und Martyrers Bonifacii, 1588. 754 Willibald. Das Leben und Leyden dess heiligen Ertzbischoffs und Martyrers Bonifacii. - (Ingolstadt: Wolffgang Eder, 1588) Westcountry Studies Library: s920/BON Boniface was the name granted by Gregory II to Winfrith, who was born in Devon, perhaps near Crediton in about 675. He was educated in Exeter and became a missionary in Germany, converting the people there, organising the church and becoming Archbishop of Mainz. He was martyred in Friesland in 754. His letters are a testimony to the high level of learning that could be achieved by Devonians during the so-called Dark Ages.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0754wil.html29/07/2004 22:55:45
Devon local studies service. Alfred the Great penny, Exeter
Timeline. ca.895 Alfred the Great penny, Exeter ca 895. Alfred the Great. Silver penny. Royal Albert Memorial Museum. Alfred refounded Exeter as a burh, part of a network of defensive places scattered across Wessex which would serve as refuges against Viking attacks. This coin bears his royal titles: AELFRED REX SAXONUM (King of the Saxons) and the name Exeter. Only three original specimens are known and the item exhibited here is a replica.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0895alf.html29/07/2004 22:55:45
Devon local studies service. Athelstan. Charters. Grant of land in Monketon, 925/939.
Timeline. 925/939 Athelstan. Charters. Grant of land in Monketon. . 925/939 Athelstan. Charters. Grant of land in Monketon. Westcountry Studies Library: LE This 19th century facsimile is of a careless 11th century forgery by the Cathedral scriptorium of a grant of land in Monketon in the parish of Shobrooke. Although Athelstan ruled in the 10th century a date of 673 is given to lend the charter a spurious air of antiquity. At least three other charters were similarly concocted in this period.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0925ath.html29/07/2004 22:55:47
Devon local studies service. Exeter Book
Timeline. ca.980 Exeter Book ca 980. Exeter Book. - Manuscript. Westcountry Studies Library, from facsimile of original manuscript in Exeter Cathedral Library. This unique manuscript has been in Exeter Cathedral Library since at least 1070 when it is mentioned in an inventory of books donated by Bishop Leofric. It is one of only three surviving manuscripts of Old English poetry and the page displayed is taken from a collection of riddles. The subject of this one is a book. The Exeter Book is to be issued on CD-ROM in the year 2000. The website includes sample images. A translation of the riddle in this image is given below, in a version which retains the alliterative Old English metre of the original and is laid out to reflect the two parts into which each line of verse was divided.
A foe came and felled me,

My worldly strength with him Dipped me deep in water Set me in the sun The hairs that I had. He cut with keen edge, His fingers then folded me Dripping swift drops, My brown burnished skin, Straight from the stream, Trailing black tracks. To bind me with boards To grace me with gold, With smith's wondrous work Now this royal richness, And all the fine features To the world's mighty watchman If masters and men They would fare well Hailer of heart Wider in wisdom Who, loving and loyal Noble and knightly Granting great glory And welcoming warmly So ask what I am, Well-known is my name Of help to all humans
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here.
and fiercely he took then wetted me through, and then drew me forth, where soon I lost all of Then harshly my skin cleaned me and scraped. and the fowl's finery, drew so deftly across broke for more wood dye stole further across me A true man came then and bedeck me with hide, to grandly array me and to wind me with wire. the red of the dye bring fame everywhere who wards us from hell. took me in their hands, and be first in the fight, and more happy of mind, and wealthy in friends long-lasting and true, their name would enhance, with gladness of mind when homeward they wend now all has been said most needful to men and holy itself.
Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 7 Feb 2000 Devon County Council, 2000and Ian Maxted, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0980exe.html29/07/2004 22:55:48
Devon local studies service. Edward the Confessor. Cathedral Church of Saint Peter, Exeter: foundation charter, 1050
Timeline. 1050 Edward the Confessor. Cathedral Church of Saint Peter, Exeter: foundation charter. 1050 Edward the Confessor. Cathedral Church of Saint Peter, Exeter: foundation charter. - (Manuscript, 1050) Exeter Cathedral Library. Facsimile. This charter is set out in the style of a royal diploma, without a seal and relying on authentication on the inclusion of the names of those witnessing it. It is written in a bold minuscule script with some Anglo-Saxon letter forms. The charter had the effect of merging the two dioceses which had their seats at Crediton and St Germans to create the Diocese of Exeter which remained intact until the Diocese of Truro was created in the 19th century.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1050edw.html29/07/2004 22:55:50
Devon local studies service. Domesday Book
Timeline. 1086 Domesday Book 1086. Domesday Book. - Manuscript. Exeter Cathedral Library. One of the greatest treasures of the Cathedral Library is a draft of the great survey commissioned by William the Conqueror telling him the holdings of every manor and town in his kingdom. The contents of this volume, which covers the western counties of England, is fuller than the version held by the Public Record Office which forms part of the Exchequer Records. The facsimile extract is taken from the Exchequer version and shows the entry for Exeter.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1086dom.html29/07/2004 22:55:51
Devon local studies service. Exeter Diocese. Bishop. Osbern. Deed, c.1090
Timeline. c.1090 Exeter Diocese. Bishop. Osbern. Deed. c1090 Exeter Diocese. Bishop. Osbern. Deed. - Manuscript. Devon Record Office: ED/SN 1 This confirmation from Osbern, Bishop of Exeter 1072-1103, to the Church of St Nicholas from an earlier grant, made by Rualandus Ladubed on the day he became a monk, bears one of the three earliest surviving Anglo-Norman episcopal seals, showing the Bishop in his robes with a halo round his head. The Bishop says that those who shall maintain this gift of the land and church of Pochelle shall have his blessing while those who try to take away from it shall be excommunicated.
Devon local studies service. Plympton Priory. Charter, 1133
Timeline. 1133 Plympton Priory. Charter 1133 Plympton Priory. Charter. - Manuscript Devon Record Office: ED/PP 1 This charter from Bishop William Warelwast to Plympton Priory and the community there grants, among other things, a 'mansura terre' in Exeter which Ralph de Haga and afterwards Clarembaldus held. It is written in an unusually fine hand, possibly by a member of the Priory, and is very precisely dated to 2 July 1133. The dating clause comprises the Roman calendar date, the year of the Incarnation, the Indiction date, the Easter Term, the date of Easter, the regnal year of King Henry I, and the name of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1133ply.html29/07/2004 22:55:53
Devon local studies service. Exeter Corporation. Custumal, 1230
Timeline. 1230 Exeter Corporation. Custumal 1230 Exeter Corporation. Custumal (Manuscript 1230-1257) Devon Record Office: ECA Miscellaneous Roll 2 This Anglo-Norman custumal, containing a collection of the regulations for trade and custom, rules for the governing of the city and details of the liberties which were exempt from the Corporation's jurisdiction was compiled over a period of about thirty years. It consists of three membranes sewn together at one end and is written in a mixture of English and Norman French, a language commonly used in official records in the early Middle Ages. The hand is of the first half of the 13th century. The custumal may be the same as the 'Blacke Roll' mentioned by Hooker, on which the mayor was formerly sworn.
Devon local studies service. Crediton. Church of the Holy Cross. Grants made to the Church in Crediton
Timeline. 1236 Crediton. Church of the Holy Cross. Grants made to the Church in Crediton 1236 Crediton. Church of the Holy Cross. Grants made to the Church in Crediton. Facsimile of manuscript. Westcountry Studies Library A late 19th century facsimile of an illuminated list of grants made by Bishops of Exeter to the Church of the Holy Cross. The account is in an unusual mixture of medieval English and Latin and the latest date, found on the last two lines of the document is St Thomas the Apostle's day 1236.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1236cre.html29/07/2004 22:55:55
Devon local studies service. Exeter. Receiver. Accounts, 1305-1352
Timeline. 1350 Exeter. Receiver. Accounts 1350 Exeter. Receiver. Accounts. - (Manuscript, 1305-1352) Devon Record Office: ECA A collection of account rolls for the 14th century shows the format in which many records were kept in medieval times. The rolls are made up of sheets of parchment stitched together and are written on both sides. Each roll runs from Michaelmas to Michaelmas and they are identified by a tag which was stitched onto the roll at a later date. The accounts are written up in paragraphs, with the amounts in Roman figures and the totals at the end of each section. The grand total is given at the end of the account, together with a note of any discrepancies and the names of the auditors.
Devon local studies service. Monumental brass of William Langeton, 1413
Timeline. 1413 Monumental brass of William Langeton 1413 Monumental brass of William Langeton. - (1413) Westcountry Studies Library: Brooking Rowe Collection, Devon 20 From the 14th to the 17th century monumental brasses were provided to decorate the tombs of the more prominent members of Devon society. The present example is for a canon of Exeter Cathedral. He was related to the family of Bishop Stafford, and this is alluded to by the presence of the Stafford knot in the decoration of his cope.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1413mon.html29/07/2004 22:55:57
Devon local studies service. Shillingford, John. Letter to his fellows at Exeter, 1447
Timeline. 1447 Shillingford, John. Letter to his fellows at Exeter. 1447 Shillingford, John. Letter to his fellows at Exeter. - (Manuscript, 1447) Devon Record Office: G1, letter II. This undated draft, full of crossings out, is from an unusual collection of letters, mostly on paper, written between 1447 and 1450 during the mayoralty of John Shillingford. They chiefly concern a dispute between the City and the Cathedral which had been referred to London for a decision. Shillingford notes that he had left Exeter on the Friday and came to London at seven o'clock in the evening - four days of travel.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1447shi.html29/07/2004 22:55:59
Devon local studies service. Exeter. Dean and Chapter. The answers of the Bishop, Dean and Chapter to the mayor's articles, 1447
Timeline. 1447 Exeter. Dean and Chapter. The answers of the Bishop, Dean and Chapter to the mayor's articles. 1447 Exeter. Dean and Chapter. The answers of the Bishop, Dean and Chapter to the mayor's articles. - (Manuscript, 1447) Devon Record Office: G1 Article five presented by the Mayor in the dispute with the Cathedral had complained that the right of way through the cloisters had been closed. The Dean and Chapter replied that this was done because the windows of the chapter house and library had been broken by "ungoodly ruled peple" who "exercised unlawfull games as the toppe, queke, penny prykke and most at tenys."
Devon local studies service. Saint Mary Arches, Exeter. Notarial instrument, 1499
Timeline. 1499 Saint Mary Arches, Exeter. Notarial instrument 1499 Saint Mary Arches. Notarial instrument. - (Manuscript, 1499) Devon Record office: ED/M 933 This legal document is notable for two reasons, the use of a notarial mark, similar to the merchants' and masons' marks of medieval times, and the unusually early example of a map.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1499sai.html29/07/2004 22:56:01
Devon local studies service. Prayerbook Rebellion
Timeline. 1549 Prayerbook Rebellion 1549. Rebellion in Devonshire [marginal heading]. - ([London]: [s.n.], 1560?). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1560 This page extracted from an unidentified black-letter chronicle published during the reign of Elizabeth shows what is probably the earliest printed illustration of Exeter. It illustrated an account of the Western Rebellion of 1549, when Exeter was besieged for several weeks by objectors to the new prayer books which had been introduced by the Act of Uniformity. The woodcut bears no resemblance to Exeter and probably did duty in a variety of other publications to illustrate a range of battles around towns across Europe and beyond.
Devon local studies service. Elizabeth I. Letter to the Mayor and Aldermen of Exeter, 1562
Timeline. 1562 Elizabeth I. Letter to the Mayor and Aldermen of Exeter 1562 Elizabeth I. Letter to the Mayor and Aldermen of Exeter. - (Manuscript, 1562) Devon Record Office: ECL AL 6 Elizabeth commands the Mayor and Aldermen to contribute towards a levy of 500 men from Devon, the citizens having previously refused to contribute because Exeter was not described as a separate county in the writ. The distinctive signature with the elaborate flourishes reveals Elizabeth's skill as an exponent of a humanist italic hand.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1562eli.html29/07/2004 22:56:07
Devon local studies service. Saxton. Map of Devon, 1575
Timeline. 1575 Saxton. Map of Devon
1575. Saxton, Christopher. Devoniae comitat, rerumquae omnium in eodem ... descriptio. - (London: C.Saxton, 1575). Westcountry Studies Library OM DEV/1575/SAX. The first county map of Devon. Christopher Saxton (1542-1610) was born in Yorkshire and began his surveys of English counties in 1570 under the patronage of Thomas Seckford. Skilled engravers were rare in England and the Devon sheet as well as several others, was engraved by the Flemish Remigius Hogenberg. The full atlas was finally published in 1579 and for the first time the Queen and her government were aware of the shape of the realm over which they held jurisdiction, previous surveys being inaccurate or based on written itineraries.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1575sax.html29/07/2004 22:56:12
Devon local studies service. Sir Thomas Bodley, portrait, from the original of Cornelius Jansen
Devon Library and Information Services
Local studies service
Scriven, E. Sir Thomas Bodley. ob. 1612. From the original of Cornelius Jansen, in the Bodleian Gallery, Oxford / Engraved by E.Scriven. (1830?) Scriven, E. Sir Thomas Bodley. ob. 1612. From the original of Cornelius Jansen, in the Bodleian Gallery, Oxford / Engraved by E.Scriven. - [London] : [s.n.] , [1830?]. - Line engraving ; 130x105mm. Westcountry Studies Library: sPOR/BOD Born Exeter, 2 Mar 1545. Died London, 28 Jan 1613. Bodley was the son of an Exeter merchant and, with his Protestant father, was forced to flee to Geneva during the reign of Mary. In 1558 he entered Magdalen College, Oxford and began an academic career during which he devoted himself to the study of Hebrew. He spent the late 1570s in Europe and acquired proficiency in modern languages. He was employed on various diplomatic missions in the 1580s but retired to Oxford in 1597 where he devoted himself to the re-establishment of the university library, which was reopened in 1602 and was later named the Bodleian Library in his honour. He was knighted by James I in 1603. A fuller appreciation of Sir Thomas Bodley is given below. Literature: Trecentale Bodleianum: a memorial volume for the three hundredth anniversary of the public funeral of Sir Thomas Bodley, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913).
Sir Thomas Bodley: commemorating a great Exonian Based on a talk by Ian Maxted, County Local Studies Librarian in Exeter Central Library, 10 March 1995 to commemorate the 450th anniversary of the birth of the famous benefactor of the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Note: The references in this talk are to Letters of Sir Thomas Bodley to Thomas James, first keeper of the Bodleian Library, edited by G.W.Wheeler. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926). Libraries are frequently involved in commemorating anniversaries for events which fall outside their own immediate area, be it the 50th anniversary of D-Day or the 350th anniversary of the Civil War. It is only right that they should remember events and personalities which have a direct bearing on their own field of activity, especially when the person to be commemorated was such a prominent local figure. Sir Thomas Bodley was born in Exeter on 2 March 1545 in a house on the corner of High Street and Gandy Street which his father had leased from the Dean and Chapter two years previously. His father, John Bodley was an Exeter merchant and a fervent Protestant. He was among those who had helped to raise money to pay Russell's troops during the Prayerbook Rebellion in 1549 and it is perhaps not surprising the young Thomas was forced to flee to the Continent during the reign of Mary. It must have been his experiences during these young years which gave him the breadth of vision which stamped his future career, while the contacts which he retained with many Exonians and Devonians who shared his exile helped him to retain contact with the practical details of the enterprises. The family went first to Germany, then to Geneva where the young Thomas, then aged twelve, became and "Auditour of Chevalerius in Hebrew, of Beraldus in Greeke and Beza in Divinity". There were other noted persons with Exeter links who were in Geneva during this period. In the entourage of John Bodley was Nicholas Hilliard, son of an Exeter goldsmith, who was to become one of the leading miniature painters of the day. Miles Coverdale, the translator of the Bible into English who had been Russell's chaplain in 1549 and became Bishop of Exeter from 1551 was also in Geneva during the reign of Mary. On 1 April 1555 Francis Russell the Second Earl of Bedford was granted a passport just two weeks after he had succeeded his father to the Earldom of Bedford to spend two years abroad "for the better attaignyinge of experyence and knowledge". Among the places he visited was Geneva where he met Theodore de Beze. Also travelling on the continent at this time was John Hooker, later to be appointed the first Chamberlain of Exeter. Like Bodley he had a systematic mind and, as well as being a prominent historian sorted and listed the archives of the city of Exeter. It is difficult to know the full effect that this network of like-minded Devonians may have had in developing Bodley's ideas, but it must have opened him to a wide range of learning and experience. At least as important as these contacts was the activity of his father in financing the new English translation of the Bible which was being undertaken by English scholars in Geneva during the 1550s. On his return his father received in 1562 an exclusive patent for seven years for the printing of the Geneva (or breeches) Bible. On his return to England the family settled in London and Thomas went to Magdalen College, Oxford where he took the degree of BA in 1563, in which year he was elected probationer fellow of Merton College where he commenced a Greek lecture in the College Hall. He took the degree of MA in 1566 and in 1569 was elected one of the University proctors. While at the University he devoted much time to the study of Hebrew. In 1576 he obtained a licence to travel from his College and the crown. His aim was to improve his knowledge of foreign languages and politics and he spent nearly four years in Italy, France and Germany. On his return he was appointed gentleman usher to the Queen and became MP for Plymouth in 1584 and for St Germans in 1586. His experiences abroad made him valuable to the court and in April 1585 he received his first diplomatic mission - to the Danish court with the aim of encouraging the King to join a league to assist the French Protestants. In 1588 he was sent on a confidential mission to the King of France Henri III, entirely unaccompanied and carrying only autograph letters from the Queen. In his autobiography Bodley is obscure about the details, stating only that it "tended greatly to the advantage ... of all the Protestants in France". From 1589 he was sent as ambassador to the Hague where he was admitted as member of the Council of State having the right to vote on all issues. On various occasions he expressed his wish to be released from the post and the Queen was not always happy with his decisions. On one occasion he learned that she wished he were hanged Bodley was proposed for Secretary of state but got caught up in the power struggle at court. Disgusted by the intrigues Bodley decided to retire to Oxford in 1597. This page of his autobiography shows that he felt that the most appropriate way to crown a life of public service would be to "set up my staffe at the Library doore in Oxford .... reducing that place ... to the publique use of Students". Bodley was not the founder of the University Library. The existing building, Duke Humphry's Library, had been built over the Divinity Schools in 1490. It was largely despoiled of books by the reforming Commissioners in about 1550 and the furniture removed by the University authorities in 1556. It was this empty building which Bodley described as a "great desolate room" which he offered to reinstate in 1598. The offer was gratefully accepted by Convocation and Bodley's first activity was to arrange for the necessary carpentry work. Unlike today when there are colourful catalogues produced by specialist library furniture suppliers, Bodley had little precedent for design and at his request a committee was appointed to decide the "fittest kinde of facture of deskes and other furniture". The timber was presented by his own College, Merton but it required "a conuenient seasoning: least by making to much hast, if the shelfes and seates should chance to warpe, it might proue to be an eyesoar and cost in a manner cast away". On 24 December 1599 he writes "within this fortnight, I trust, I shall haue ended with my carpenters, ioners, caruers, glasiers, and all that idle rabble: and then I goe in hand, with making vp my barres, lockes, haspes, cheines, and other gimmoes of iron, belonging to the fastening and riuetting of the bookes" Bodley was fortunate in securing the services of Dr Thomas James as his first librarian. He was a learned theologian who later worked on the Authorised Version of the Bible. He had compiled catalogues of manuscripts in Cambridge libraries and had translated that important treatise on books Philobiblon. He was appointed in 1601 at a salary of 20 per annum, raised in 1602 to 26/13/4. It was he who suggested negotiating the gift of all books registered with the Stationers' Company. He compiled the printed catalogue of 1605 - the first general catalogue of any European library. Bodley proposed to refit the library with seates and shelves and desks (xii) and "to stir up other men's benevolence" to furnish it with books. The books were at first stored in Bodley's house in London. The Library remained closed until Bodley felt that sufficient material had been collected. He wanted to make a good impression. A small,
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/porbod01.html (1 of 2)29/07/2004 22:56:14
Devon local studies service. Sir Thomas Bodley, portrait, from the original of Cornelius Jansen
insignificant library would attract less donations than one that gave the promise of future greatness. The books were for the most part purchased in London and shipped down at intervals in large consignments. Books in those days were normally issued in sheets, sometimes loosely stitched together, and it was up to the purchaser to arrange for binding. Binding was normally done in London but sometimes sent to Oxford, and two or more slimmer books on similar subjects were frequently bound together to lessen the number of chains on the shelves. Even today special collection librarians have great problems in ensuring that valuable works receive the appropriate craft binding and Bodley's letters are full of complaints: "It had been absurd to haue made the claspes of the Register of siluer, and the bosses of copper: albeit the charge had not differed muche, all thinges accounted. But my feare was, that where nowe the claspes fall of, of themselues, they would the haue fallen of with other mens helpe." (Letter 153, 8 Aug 1606). Binding was an expense and Bodley normally expected donors to arrange for the binding and repair of their gifts. However this was not always possible and Bodley was prepared to accept duplicate donations which could then be sold to fund bindings. Bodley wries of one prospective donor (letter 26) "because I knowe not, whether he will be wonne, to pay for the binding of suche as may neede it ... it will be requisit to take bookes we haue already, whereby those charges may be the better defraied." William Cotton, Bishop of Exeter was expected as a visitor in March 1602. Bodley wrote to his librarian (Letter 23) "If the Bishop of Exon come to visit the Libr. I pray yow obserue his speeches, and liking or disliking, and in your next, lette me know it. In his next letter (24) he writes: "If any should aske the like question as the B. of Exon, whether it be my purpose to fille the Librarie, it were not so good in my opinion, to answear that all of any worth are almost bought already. For besides that there are infinit yet behind, it may happely occasion, that many, which nowe are desirous to cointribute will refraine altogether, when they shall be conceated that fewe or none are left vnboughte". On 4 Mar 1603 he writes (Letter 73): "I would gladly vnderstand, whether the Lady Russel hath promised any bookes, and how she liked the Librarie." Among the Devonians who are recorded as benefactors are: Mr Lawrence Bodley, Thomas's brother, the Canon of Exeter, 37 very fayre and new bought bookes in folio (reported 25 June 1600 (letter 8), he later presented further books and the sum of 5 (10). John Periam of Exeter presented 5 in money (8), Sir John Fortescue 47 volumes (reported 17 July 1601, 9). Sir Robert Bassett of the county of Devon, Knight, Mr Peter Bogan of Totnes, Mr Edward Marshe of Exon, Mr John Travers of Devon and Mr Peter Duncombe of Crediton all presented books. (9-11) But perhaps the greatest benefactor from Devon was Sir Walter Raleigh who presented 50 in about April 1603 (78). Bodley took great pains to cultivate these benefactors. There is a footnote in one letter (80) "Mr Duncame of Kirton in Devon, his proper name yow may learne in Exetter college, by the meanes, as I take it, of Mr Hakewill." His experience in diplomacy led him to use any contacts which might lead to further donations, including his family. His brother Laurence was Canon of Exeter and it almost certainly through his intercession that the Dean and Chapter of Exeter gave in 1602 81 early manuscripts in the Cathedral Library including the Leofric Missal. Donations were noted in a register, which caused a number of problems. The fact that so much was donated did not mean that Bodley was prepared to accept everything indisciminately. In a letter dated 15 Jan 1612 he writes: "I can see no good reason to alter my opinion, for excluding suche bookes, as almanackes, plaies & an infinit number, that are daily printed, of very vunworthy maters & handling, suche as, me thinkes, both the keeper & vunderkeeper, should disdaine to seeke out, to deliuer vnto any man. Happley some plaies may be worthy the keeping: but hardly one in fortie". On 31 March 1602 he had written: "In any wise take no riffe raffe bookes (for suche will proue a discredit to our Librarie)". The most notable visitor during Bodley's lifetime was James I who on his first visit, noticing the chains used to fasten the books expressed a wish that, if ever it should be his fate to be a prisoner, this library might be his prison, those books his fellow prisoners and those chains his fetters. (Timperley 454). Through a long series of letters to the Librarian and personal visits to the Library Bodley remained involved in the detailed running of the institution he had set up. This involvement included what could be termed staff relations, as when he wrote in consternation about James's proposed marriage. Statutes decreed that the library should be open as much as possible but no artificial light was allowed. Heating was only introduced in 1821 and electric light in 1929 Alden's 1907 Oxford guide shows that the Bodleian closed at 5.00 or dusk. No loans were allowed, Bodley even forbade his own librarian and Charles I and Cromwell were unable to break this rule. The Librarian pretended to be ill whenever the King wished to borrow books. At first it was closed to undergraduates but open to visitors "gentleman strangers on request first made vnto the Congregation" The first "extraneous" or foreigner, John Basire, a Frenchman was admitted a reader in the library on 15 February 1603 and Dr James, the Librarian, in his book Romish corruptions lists the nations from which readers had been drawn as "French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch (which includes Germans), Danes, Bohemians, Polonians, Iewes, Ethiopians, and others" An early project for the Librarian with the permission and also the cooperation of Bodley was the collation of the church fathers. By comparing manuscripts and printed texts it was aimed to show that, in editions of these works issued by Catholic theologians changes and omissions had been made for the purpose of supporting the claims of the Catholic Church and confuting those of the Protestants. The works was to be undertaken by a group of "very grownded schollers" who should all be able to speak the three classic languages. Strictly speaking this would have excluded the Librarian for as Bodley had pointedly remarked on more than one occasion James had little or no command of Hebrew, and Hebrew books were put aside for Bodley's visits when he would catalogue them himself. So Bodley was very much a man of his time, caught up in the religious controversy, indeed it could be said that the hidden agenda behind the setting up of the Library was to hone a tool for furthering the aims of the reformed church. Certainly the Library under its first keeper, Thomas James, was the centre of what has been described as a narrow and exceedingly militant Protestantism. Bodley looked to the future and realised the need for growth. The library opened with 2,000 volumes in 1602. When James I visited in 1605 it had grown to 6,000 and by 1620 to 16,000. The Arts End was started in 1610 to house additional volumes. Bodley felt that one reason why Duke Humphrey's library had been allowed to decay was that no provision had been made for its continued funding and as early as 1598 he had promised an endowment: a standing rent, to be disboursed euery yere in buying of bookes, in officers stipends, and other pertinent occasions". Building of the quadrangle started on the day of Bodley's funeral. The third storey in Arts quad was designated as a "very large supplement for the stowage of Bookes" But Sir Thomas Bodley is a man for today. In his own time he was a citizen of a global village, a network of communication for scholars which had its nodal points in such centres as Geneva or Oxford. It was a truly international intellectual community, but only for an intellectual elite of clerics, diplomats, courtiers, merchants. Data transfer along these networks was at the speed of a horse or of the wind across the sea, not at the speed of light, but the communication links were doggedly maintained; they were a lifeline for the development of scholarship. Bodley's great exercise of data capture for his new library was the equivalent of tapping in to the internet of his day to make the accumulated knowledge more widely available to students. This undertaking was a product of the Renaissance and of the printing revolution. The commitment of Bodley and his contemporaries set up an institution in the Bodleian Library which has survived four centuries and has been able to adapt to the electronic age.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 29 Aug 2003 Copyright Devon County Council and Ian Maxted, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/porbod01.html (2 of 2)29/07/2004 22:56:14
Devon local studies service. Exeter. Petition 1641
Timeline. 1641 Exeter. Petition 1641. Exeter. Corporation. To the Right Honourable the Lords and Commons in Parliament. The humble petition of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Councell of the City of Exeter. - ([London]: Printed for William Hope, 1641). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1641. - Wing T1692. Not all petitions to Parliament were printed in this period, and the elders of Exeter must have taken a serious view of the effect that the unrest in London seemed to be having on the serge industry on which the wealth of the city so largely depended. The petition itself is handsomely laid out with a variety of fleur de lys printer's flowers forming the border and a so-called "factotum block" for the initial letter.
Devon local studies service. Exeter. Royal pardon 1642
Timeline. 1642 Exeter. Royal pardon 1642. England. Monarchs. 1625-1649. Charles I. By the King. A proclamation of His Majesty's grace, favour and pardon to the inhabitants of ... Exceter. - ([London] : [s. n.], [1642]) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1642/11/09. - Wing C2669 The Civil War split the county and even families down the middle. In Exeter there was considerable sympathy for Parliament. While pardoning the citizens of Exeter for their financial support of the rebellious armies the King excluded Sir George Chudleigh, Sir John Northcote, Sir Samuel Rolle and Sir Nicholas Martyn from this general pardon. The royal coat of arms and the generous layout is used by the printer to good effect in an attempt to reinforce the impression of royal authority.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1642eng.html29/07/2004 22:56:17
Devon local studies service. Dartmouth. Civil War, 1645
Timeline. 1645 Dartmouth. Civil War.
1645. A full and exact relation of the storming and taking of Dartmouth. - (London: Edward Husband, 1645/6.) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1646/01/23. - Wing F2279. With no printing press in Exeter for most of the Civil War, people were dependent on London printers to supply the news. The letter on which the newsbook was based was dated 19 January at four in the morning and was committed to "the messenger, a dilgent man" who must have delivered it to the Speaker William Lenthal by 21 January. The day of thanksgiving was ordered on the following day and the day after that the presses were already in action.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 20 Nov 2001 Copyright Devon County Council, 1999.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1645ful.html29/07/2004 22:56:18
Devon local studies service. Exeter. Uniting parishes, 1764
Timeline. 1674 Exeter. Uniting parishes. 1674. Exeter. Citizens. Reasons humbly offer'd by the freeholders and inhabitants of the city of Exon against the passing a bill for the uniting of the churches there ... ([London] : [s.n.] , [1674]) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1674 Agitation over local government reorganisation is nothing new. City records show payments for the expenses of corporation officers who travelled to London to promote the bill, which appears to have caused considerable opposition locally.
Devon local studies service. Monmnouth Rebellion
Timeline. 1685 Monmouth Rebellion 1685. An account of the proceedings against the rebels at an assize holden at Exeter. - (London: E.Mallet, 1685). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1685/09/25. The retribution that followed the crushing of the Monmouth rebellion in the west of England was swift and brutal and the judicial process soon became known as the Bloody Assizes and Lord Chief Justice Jefferys as the hanging judge. The broadsheet states that the heads and quarters of the fourteen persons sentenced to be executed "are to be fixed where the King shall appoint"
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1685acc.html29/07/2004 22:56:20
Devon local studies service. William of Orange's declaration
Timeline. 1688 William of Orange's declaration. 1688. William Henry, Prince of Orange. The declaration of His Highness William Henry Prince of Orange, &c. of the reasons inducing him to appear in armes ... (The Hague: Arnout Leers, 1688) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1688/10/24 William realised the power of the press and was urged by his advisors to ensure that he took a printing press with him on his expedition. This sheet was printed in advance of his expedition to strike the first blow in the propaganda battle.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1688dec.html29/07/2004 22:56:22
Devon local studies service. William of Orange's entry into Exeter
Timeline. 1688 William of Orange's entry into Exeter. 1688. A true and exact relation of the Prince of Orange his publick entrance into Exeter. - ([London]: [s.n.], [1688]) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1688/11/26. - Wing T2458 Although William brought a press with him when he crossed the Channel, there is no evidence that this account was printed in Exeter. The arrival of William was eagerly awaited by many in London and this account of the order of his procession through Exeter would have been in great demand.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1688tru.html29/07/2004 22:56:23
Devon local studies service. French invasion attempt, 1690
Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service Image loading
Timeline. 1690 French invasion attempt. 1690. Great news from Tingmouth, Torbay and Exon. - (London: Printed for W.Brown, 1690) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1690 This account of an attempted French invasion departs from the square quarto format of the Civil War newsbooks and adopts the two column layout favoured by the newspapers of the time.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1690gre.html29/07/2004 22:56:24
Devon local studies service. Exeter Theatre, 1756
Timeline. 1756 Exeter Theatre
1756 Heath, Benjamin. Some considerations on the lawfulness and expediency of frequenting the theatre as it is at present circumstanced at Exeter. - (Exon: Thomas Brice, 1756). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1756. - ESTC t155345. The theatre had been made illegal in provincial towns by an act of 1737. The ban was circumvented by describing the performances as concerts with the theatrical pieces being presented gratis during the intervals. The printer Thomas Brice connived at this deception by selling chalk dust masquerading as tooth powder at the price of theatre tickets.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1756hea.html29/07/2004 22:56:25
Devon local studies service. Proposals for a general academy at Exeter, 1761.
Timeline. 1761 Proposals for carrying into execution a scheme for erecting a general academy at Exeter.
1761 Proposals for carrying into execution a scheme for erecting a general academy at Exeter. - (Exeter: Andrew Brice, 1761). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1761/05/06. - ESTC t178977 Universities were not open to nonconformists and a number of academies were set up in the 18th century, perhaps the most notable being the one at Warrington. There were three such Academies in Exeter in the eighteenth century, the first run by Joseph Hallett from about 1691 to 1719, the second by Micaijah Towgood from 1761 to 1772, and the third by Timothy Kenrick from 1799 to 1805. As well as preparing for the ministry they also prepared students for the professions and commerce.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 16 Dec 1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1761pro.html29/07/2004 22:56:28
Devon local studies service. Britain excis'd: cider duty, 1763
Timeline. 1763 Britain excis'd, or a copy of verses on the duty on cider.
1763 Britain excis'd, or a copy of verses on the duty on cider. - (Exeter: [s.n.], 1763?) Westcountry Studies Library: LE1763 An excise duty was imposed on cider in 1763 and it was immediately followed by protests and processions across the cider producing counties including Devon, Cornwall, Hereford and Gloucester. The Town Clerk of Exeter Benjamin Heath was prominent in lobbying for its abolition and there was great rejoicing when it was repealed in 1766. This set of verses formed part of the campaign. For a fuller account of the controversies surrounding cider during this period, see the webpage on Cider and eighteenth-century evidence-based healthcare.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1763bri.html29/07/2004 22:56:30
Devon local studies service. Case of great distress, 1767
Timeline. 1767 Case of great distress.
1767. A case of great distress. Addressed to the charitable. - ([Exeter?]: [Thorn?], 1767). Westcountry Studies Library: ME 1767/08/03 The local printing press could be called into service to provide assistance to individuals as in the instance of the widow of Richard Periam, mariner of Exmouth. The appeal was drawn up by Richard Tremlett, according to a manuscript annotation, printed, perhaps by the bookseller Mr Thorn, and circulated in the Exmouth and Exeter area.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1767cas.html29/07/2004 22:56:32
Devon local studies service. Nathaniel Spry, mercer, Exeter 1770
Timeline. 1770 Nathaniel Spry, mercer, Exeter
1770. Spry, Nathaniel. Nathaniel Spry, mercer and undertaker ... has a neat variety of mercery goods. - (Exeter: A.Brice and B.Thorn, 1770?) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1770. - ESTC t188231. Exeter traders in the 1770s could pay for the insertion of advertisements in the newspapers printed by Brice and Thorn or their rival Trewman or, for a larger outlay, they could have advertisements specially printed. The display types which characterise the jobbing printing of the following century were not yet available, but advertisements such as this, which were printed on one side of the paper only, were probably posted up around the city. This particular example provides an interesting insight into the pomp and circumstance which attended funerals and also the wide variety of fabrics available.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 28 June 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1770spr.html29/07/2004 22:56:33
Devon local studies service. Sherborne Mercury newsmen's Christmas gift 1780
Timeline. 1781 Sherborne Mercury newsmen's Christmas gift 1780
1780. Sherborne Journal. The new-year's-gift of the men who deliver the Sherborne Journal. - ([Sherborne]: [The Journal], [1780]) Westcountry Studies Library: SL ME 1780/12. The idea of a Christmas box is not a new one. The post-boys who often travelled many miles on horseback to deliver newpapers were an important lifeline to many communities. Certainly the Rev. William Borlase in the remotenes of Ludgvan, near Penzance notes payments of generous gratuities to "Lobb the Sherborne" in his accounts.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1780new.html29/07/2004 22:56:35
Devon local studies service. Virgins of sixteen
Timeline. 1781 Virgins of sixteen
1781. Brice, Andrew. Address of thanks from the English virgins of sixteen to the Hon. Charles-James Fox, for his zeal to obtain an amendment of the Marriage-Act (Exeter : Thomas Brice, [1781]). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1781. - ESTC t187592. In 1781 there were moves to amend Hardwick's marriage act to allow women to marry at the age of sixteen, and this appeared to the printer Thomas Brice to be too good an opportunity to miss for him to display his facility to produce a set of racy verses. The broadsheet is elegantly decorated with a range of printer's flowers.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1783vir.html29/07/2004 22:56:37
Devon local studies service. Life of Rebecca Downing, 1782
Timeline. 1782 Life of Rebecca Downing, 1782 1782. The life, character, confession and dying behaviour of Rebecca Downing. - (Exeter: Elizabeth Brice, 1782). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1782/07/29. - ESTC t169179. All too often execution broadsheets were run off in advance, the wretched victim's last moments imagined by the printer, so that they could be sold to the crowd at the execution. When Rebecca Downing was burned, this unusual form of punishment taxed the imagination of the printer and a second version in the Devon Record Office adds a block of text at the foot to describe the precise manner of the poor girl's dispatch. The incident clearly stuck in the memory; in the 1980s a visitor to the Westcountry Studies Library sought verification of a family tradition that an ancestor had attended a public burning in Exeter.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 23/Sep/1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1782lif.html29/07/2004 22:56:39
Devon local studies service. Exeter Theatre. Acrobats, 1784
Timeline. 1784 Exeter Theatre. Acrobats, 1784
1784. Theatre, Exeter. For the benefit of Miss Andrews. - (Exeter: R.Trewman, 1784.) Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1784/05/24. It had to be a special occasion for Exeter theatre playbills of this period to boast woodcut decorations and the acrobatic performances of Mr Hillyard's company from Sadler's Well was surely just such an occasion. The troupe played to considerable acclaim and survived their daring feats of skill unscathed as another playbill for "positively the last night" on 11 June is also preserved.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1784the.html29/07/2004 22:56:40
Devon local studies service. Lottery tickets for sale in Exeter 1807
Timeline. 1807. Lottery tickets for sale in Exeter 1807 1807. Upham, Edward. State lottery begins drawing 13th January, 1807 ... - (Exeter: Woolmer, printer, 1807). Westcountry Studies Library: SE B/EXE/1807/01/13. The National Lottery, launched a few years ago, is not without precedent. Lotteries were common in eighteenth century England. The British Museum benefitted from a lottery in 1753. The first prize of 20,000 compares well with today's prizes. Allowing for inflation over almost two centuries the figure would be in the region of 4,000,000. The 10 tickets would likewise be expensive at perhaps 2,000 and it is not surprising that the two winning tickets listed on this publicity leaflet were sold as shares.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1807uph.html29/07/2004 22:56:41
Devon local studies service. Stanhope's speech, 1814
Timeline. 1814 Stanhope's speech 1814. Stanhope, Charles, 3rd Earl Stanhope. The noble, manly, humane and eloquent speech. - (Exeter : Cullum, printer , 1814). Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1814/06/09 There was much opposition over the Corn Laws, introduced to protect the landed interest by maintaining an artificially high price of corn. Despite the objections of Stanhope and others legislation was introduced in 1815 and only repealed in 1846. Stanhope (1753-1816) was a progressive thinker who effected a number of improvements in printing technology, pioneering an iron printing press. It is therefore highly appropriate that this broadsheet is printed in gold ink on blue paper.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1814sta.html29/07/2004 22:56:43
Devon local studies service. Axmouth landslip, 1839
Timeline. 1839 Peter. An account of the ... land-slip, near Axmouth, Devon. 1840 Peter. An account of the extraordinary convulsion and land-slip, near Axmouth, Devon. - ([s.l.]: [s.n.], 1840?). Westcountry Studies Library: LE B/AXM 7/1840. After the subsidence of 8,000,000 tons of soil on Christmas Eve 1839, forming a chasm more than a kilometre long and 100 metres wide, many visited to sketch the remarkable scene and various accounts were produced, ranging from the detailed and magnificently illustrated study by Conybeare and Dawson to small booklets and leaflets such as the one exhibited here. Printers could make use of the large wood engravings which were appearing regularly in magazines such as the Illustrated London News and had the advantage of being able to be printed at the same time as the text, unlike engravings which used a different printing process.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 15 Dec 1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1840pet.html29/07/2004 22:56:44
Devon local studies service. Wrestling match, poster for fair, c.1850
Timeline. 1781 Wrestling match, poster for fair, c.1850
1850. Wrestling match for a purse of sovereigns. - [Exeter?] : [s.n.], [1850?]. Westcountry Studies Library: LE 1850. Can this poster advertise a real day's entertainment? All the events seem too delightful to be true and the printer is cheerfully vague about when it will be taking place and where. Perhaps it is meant to be an amusing pastiche of all the summer fairs and fetes that have filled village greeens across England for centuries.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1850wre.html29/07/2004 22:56:46
Devon local studies service. North Devon Railway, 1855
Timeline. 1855 North Devon Railway. 1855. Wilson, John. Opening of the North Devon Railway from Bideford to Barnstaple, on Monday 29th October 1855. - Bideford: Wilson, printer , [1855]. Westcountry Studies Library: LE B/BID/1855. It was a useful accomplishment if the local printer could turn his hand to producing occasional verse. John Wilson, who had succeeded his father Robert in 1834 used his talent on a number of occasions, including the witing of an epitaph in verse for Captain Henry Clarke when he was buried in Bideford Churchyard in 1836.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1855wil.html29/07/2004 22:56:48
Devon local studies service. Execution of Mrs Winsor at Exeter, 1866.
Timeline. 1866 Execution of Mrs Winsor at Exeter.
1866. Execution of Mrs Winsor at Exeter. - [Exeter?] : [s.n.], [1866?]. Westcountry Studies Library: ME 1866. The case of the baby farmer Mrs Winsor was a great scandal at the time and the printer of this broadsheet was certain he could turn an honest penny by printing the account of her execution. Unfortunately he jumped the gun. Calcraft, the hangman was called down to Exeter three times but eventually Winsor was reprieved.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 11 Jan 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
Devon local studies service. Image Exeter Library
Devon Library and Information Services Local studies service Exeter City Library. Rules and regulations (1870). Extract. Welcome to Exeter Central Library, the largest public library in the administrative county of Devon. Use us as a departure point for historic tours of Exeter and Devon. "The Public Library comprises a general reference library, the Fisher reference library, bequeathed in 1897 by Mrs E. Fisher of Newton Abbot, the Kent Kingdon Bequest, presented and endowed by the late Kent Kingdon, esq. special collections of books on Devonshire, shorthand &c. and a lending library and general reading room for daily and weekly papers, magazines &c." Kelly's directory of Devonshire (1906), p.210. These extracts are from historic publications and do not necessarily reflect the current situation. The public library was bombed in 1942 and lost many of its collections. Turn left into Castle Street to view Rougemont Castle and then south into the High Street or else turn right to Queen Street, then right to visit the Royal Albert Memorial Museum. From there you can continue along Queen Street towards St David's Station for a trip on the South Devon Railway. Take a carriage to visit Okehampton Castle.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to devlibs@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 11/Jan/1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
Devon local studies service. Ilfracombe. "Steeple chaise", 1880
Timeline. 1880 Ilfracombe. "Steeple chaise".
1880. Ilfracombe, North Devon. Grand international steeple chaise. April 6th 1880. - [Ilfracombe?] : [s.n.], [1880]. Westcountry Studies Library: LE B/ILF/1880/04/06. A cunningly contrived adaptation of the traditional horseracing poster, complete with a stock block of jockeys such as could be obtained off the shelf from several typefounders. Despite investigation by Ilfracombe Museum, the circumstances which gave rise to this satirical production have not been ascertained, even though the persons alluded to are identified on the back.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1880ilf.html29/07/2004 22:56:55
Devon local studies service. Exeter Theatre. True account of the terrible fire, 1887
Timeline. 1887 True account of the terrible fire at Exeter
1887. True account of the terrible fire at Exeter. - London: H.P.Such, 1887. Westcountry Studies Library: LE B/EXE/1887. > As in the case of John Babbacombe Lee in 1884, H.P.Such was able from his printing office in London to exploit a Devon event in this rare and fragile broadsheet. The fire in Exeter on 5 September 1887 during the production of Romany Rye claimed 186 lives and led to the introduction of the safety curtain in British theatres. A public subscription raised the considerable sum of 20,763 to assist the families of those who perished. An account is given by E.R.Delderfield in Cavalcade by candle-light, (Raleigh Press, 1950) and various other sources. The text of the broadsheet, complete with the verse, is given below.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1887tru.html (1 of 3)29/07/2004 22:56:58
Return to the top of the page here.

Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to devlibs@devon.gov.uk. This page last updated 2 Jun 2000 Copyright Devon County Council, 2000.
Devon local studies service. Vitruvius. De architectura, 1521
A: Art and architecture. Vitruvius. De architectura, 1521 Vitruvius. De architectura. - (Como: Gothardus da Ponte, 1521) University of Exeter Library: Rare books A 1521/VIT/X. - Bruni & Evans 190. The only handbook of architecture and aesthetics to survive in its entirety from classical antiquity, this work had an immense influence on the work of all Renaissance architects and artists. It was first published in Rome in 1486 and this is the first Italian translation, made by Cesare Cesariano, a pupil of Bramante. The illustrations are attributed in part to Leonardo da Vinci. The page exhibited (fo. 88) shows the design for a heated bath.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1521vit.html29/07/2004 22:56:59
Devon local studies service. Palladio, Andrea. I quattri libri dell'architettura, 1601
A: Art and architecture. Palladio, Andrea. I quattri libri dell'architettura, 1601 Palladio, Andrea. I quattri libri dell'architettura. - (Venice: Bartolomeo Carampello, 1601). University of Exeter Library: Rare books B 1601/PAL/X. - Bruni & Evans (2) 135. Among those who studied Vitruvius was Palladio who later developed a classical style of his own, the Palladian style, which greatly influenced Inigo Jones who annotated his own copy of Palladio's works extensively. His notes were incorporated into the first English translation, published in 1715, with Sir Christopher Wren included among the subscribers. Displayed is a plan an elevation of a villa in Verona.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1601pal.html29/07/2004 22:57:00
Devon local studies service. Sir Joshua Reynolds. Discourses, 1778
Art & Architecture Sir Joshua Reynolds. Discourses, 1778
Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Seven discourses delivered in the Royal Academy by the President. - (London: T.Cadell, 1778). Westcountry Studies Library: s701/GEN/REY. - ESTC t047974. Reynolds was born in Plympton in 1724 and became the first President of the Royal Academy in 1768, being knighted in the following year. He was influential in promoting the careers of a number of Devon painters. These lectures on aesthetics demonstrate a cultivated literary style and Reynold had helped to establish a literary club whose members included Johnson, Garrick, Burke, Goldsmith, Boswell and Sheridan. He is most famous for his portraits and more than 700 engravings have been produced from his works.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1778rey.html29/07/2004 22:57:03
Devon local studies service. Cox, David. A treatise on landscape painting, 1841
A: Art and architecture. Cox, David. A treatise on landscape painting, 1841 Cox, David. A treatise on landscape painting. - (London: S. & J.Fuller, 1841). University of Plymouth Library: OS/750.92/COX This treatise was first published in parts in 1813-14. It uses a series of sixteen hand-coloured aquatints to illustrate techniques of colouring and composition. The aquatint, a technique of etching which uses a semi-permeable granular ground to eat a fine network of cells into the copper printing plate, produces a soft wash effect which is well suited to reproduce watercolour paintings.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1841cox.html29/07/2004 22:57:04
Devon local studies service. Pugin. Gothic architecture
Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service Reproduction unauthorised.
A: Art and architecture Pugin, A C. Specimens of Gothic architecture, 1821-23 Pugin, Augustus Charles. Specimens of Gothic architecture. - (London, 1821-23). Devon and Exeter Institution: L.11.21-22 Pugin was instrumental in turning the attitude to Gothic architecture from that of a fashionable craze which produced the cottage orn on the coast of Devon but generated little serious study into an informed appreciation of the formidable aesthetic, technical and architectural elements that made up a style that had dominated western Europe for three centuries. His work influenced architects later in the Victorian period and he was largely responsible for the Gothic revival which culminated in buildings such as St Pancras Station.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1821pug.html29/07/2004 22:57:06
Devon local studies service. Ruskin, John. Modern painters, 3rd ed, 1846
A: Art and architecture. Ruskin, John. Modern painters, 3rd ed, 1846 Ruskin, John. Modern painters. - 3rd ed. - (London, 1846). Devon and Exeter Institution: L.5.1-5 This series of five treatises was published over a period of seventeen years and provides a profound analysis of the nature of art and its relationship to beauty and imagination. Ruskin was anxious that art should spread more widely into all aspects of human activity and, writing in a materialistic age which was driven by the industrial revolution, he was much ahead of his time.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1846rus.html29/07/2004 22:57:07
Devon local studies service. Horace. Poemata, 1519
Bookbinding & typography Horace. Poemata, 1519 Horace. Horatii Flacci poemata omnia. - (Venice: Aldus Manutius, 1519) University of Plymouth Library, Exeter Campus: UPL 655.4/MAN Aldus Manutius (1450-1515) gathered a group of Greek scholars who assisted in the preparation of editions of classical authors. He also commissioned two influential typefaces, a roman that was lighter than most of those used in the 15th century and the first italic, cut by Francesco Griffo and used in 1501 as a text type in the works of Virgil, which initiated the first series of pocket editions of classical texts, a presursor of modern paperbacks. The title-page has his emblematic printer's mark incorporating the anchor and dolphin to illustrate his motto: hasten slowly. It was widely forged by unscrupulous printers who pirated his works.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1519hor.html29/07/2004 22:57:10
Devon local studies service. Vaenius. Amorum emblematica, 1608
B: Bookbinding & typography Vaenius, Otho. Amorum emblematica figuris aeneis incisa, 1608 Vaenius, Otho. Amorum emblematica figuris aeneis incisa. - (Antverpia: apud auctorem, 1608) Exeter Reference Library: o1608 The emblem book enjoyed a considerable vogue during the 16th and 17th centuries. Symbolic pictures, linked to allegorical verses served to make a moral or philosophical point. The illustrations were often of an extremely high standard and this genre of publication appealed to those who had pretensions to belong to the intellectual and cultural elite.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 14/Oct/1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1608vae.html29/07/2004 22:57:12
Devon local studies service. Blair. The grave
B: Bookbinding & typography Blair, Robert. The grave, 1808 Blair, Robert. The grave. Illustrated by twelve etchings executed by Louis Schiavonetti from the original inventions of William Blake. - (London: T.Bensley, 1808) University of Plymouth, Exeter Campus Library This work brings together three leading talents of the time, the visionary William Blake (1757-1827) who had illustrated a number of his own books without commercial success, Louis Schiavonetti, one of the most successful engravers of the time, and Thomas Bensley (d. 1835), the rival of William Bulmer in producing editions de luxe. The work is open at Blake's image of the day of judgment, typical of his powerful visionary style.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1808bla.html29/07/2004 22:57:13
Devon local studies service. Vaenius. Amorum emblematica, 1608
B: Bookbinding & typography Prior, Matthew. The works of Matthew Prior, 1835 Prior, Matthew. The works of Matthew Prior. - (London: William Pickering, 1835). University of Plymouth, Exeter Campus Library: 655/PIC One of a series of publications of the works of British poets which aimed to produce classics in cheap but beautiful editions, inspired by Aldus Manutius. The printer William Pickering (1796-1854) revived the use of "old-style" typefaces in a period when typographical standards were in decline.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1835pri.html29/07/2004 22:57:14
Devon local studies service. Poe, Edgar Allan. Poetical works, c.1867
B: Bookbinding & typography Poe, Edgar Allan. Poetical works, c.1867 Poe, Edgar Allan. The poetical works of Edgar Allan Poe. - (London: Ward, Lock & Tyler, c.1867) University of Plymouth, Exeter Campus Library: 761.64/TEN The presentation of the contents enclosed by Victorian books covers did not always measure up to the extravagant packaging but in many cases illustrations were commissioned from leading artists of the day. This edition is illustrated with wood engravings by Sir John Tenniel, Birket Foster and others.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 10/Nov/1999 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1867poe.html29/07/2004 22:57:17
Devon local studies service. Shakespeare, William. Twelfth night, 1932
B: Bookbinding & typography Shakespeare, William. Twelfth night, 1932 Shakespeare, William. Twelfth night. - (Waltham St. Lawrence: Golden Cockerel Press, 1932). University of Plymouth, Exeter Campus Library: 761.2/RAV The Golden Cockerel Press, established at Waltham St. Lawrence by Harold Midgley Taylor in 1920, was taken over by Robert Gibbings in 1924. Its productions were distinguished for their use of woodcuts by leading artists including Eric Gill, who designed the typeface for the press, John Nash and Eric Ravilious.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1932sha.html29/07/2004 22:57:19
Devon local studies service. Artists' books
B. Bookbinding and typography Artists' books Artists' books These have been defined by the Art Libraries Society as "A book or book-like object in which an artist has a major input, beyond illustration and authorship; where the final appearance of the book owes much to an artist's interference/participation, where the book is a work of art in itself." A selection of these bibliobjects which have a typographical theme has been made from the collections of the University of Plymouth Library: Bently, John. Deptfordia (1995) Cobbing, Bob. Bob jubilee (1990) Finlay, Ian Hamilton. Canal game (1967) King, Ronald. Echo book (1994)
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 21 Feb 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1967art.html29/07/2004 22:57:20
Devon local studies service. A Kempis, Thomas. De imitatione Christi, 1622
C. Christian church. A Kempis, Thomas. De imitatione Christi, 1622 A Kempis, Thomas. De imitatione Christi (Leyden: Joh. & Dan. Elsevier, 1622). Exeter Cathedral Library: G.KEM This classic of 15th century German mysticism was written by a monk in the Augustinian convent in Zwolle. Its purpose is to instruct the soul in Christian perfection and it was intended originally for monks and anchorites. It has an enduring place in the hearts of christians of all denominations. First printed by 1473, it has reached more than 2,000 editions and has been translated into more than fifty languages. This small format edition is intended for personal devotion; the original volume is only 10cm tall.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1622ake.html29/07/2004 22:57:21
Devon local studies service. Luther, Martin. Lucubrationum pars una, 1520
C. Christian church Luther, Martin. Lucubrationum pars una, 1520
Luther, Martin. Lucubrationum pars una. - (Basiliae: apud Adam Petri, 1520) Exeter Cathedral Library: DP.LUT Luther was the first to harness the power of the press in a determined propaganda campaign. His attacks on papal authority were issued as pamphlets which circulated rapidly in thousands of copies, making the presses of the small town of Wittenberg among the most prominent in Europe. His translation of the New Testament into German (1522) was instrumental in establishing the Saxon dialect as the standard form of the language.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1522lut.html29/07/2004 22:57:22
Devon local studies service. Bible, 1594
C. Christian church. Bible, 1594 The Bible, translated according to the Ebrew and Greeke. - (London: deputies of Christopher Barker, 1594). Exeter Refernce Library: o1594. - STC 2160/3 Many Protestants fled England during Mary's reign, among them John Bodley, the Exeter merchant and father of Sir Thomas Bodley, who settled in Geneva, where he was involved in the translation of the Bible into English by a group of scholars including William Whittingham. During Elizabeth's reign Bodley was granted the monopoly for seven years for distributing the Geneva Bible in England. Printed in a smaller format than previous Bibles, the first edition was the first English version to use roman type and to be divided into verses. The translation is also known as the Breeches Bible from its translation of Genesis iii, 7.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1594bib.html29/07/2004 22:57:25
Devon local studies service. Hooker, Richard. Laws of ecclesiastical politie, 1611
C. Christian church Hooker, Richard. Laws of ecclesiastical politie, 1611
Hooker, Richard. Of the lawes of ecclesiastical politie. - (London: W.Stansbie, 1611) Westcountry Studies Library, Exeter: sx262.9/GEN/HOO Richard Hooker (c.1554-1600), born just outside Exeter, intended this work as a defence of the Church of England as it was established during the reign of Elizabeth and it includes a full discussion of the nature of spiritual and secular authority. As well as being an important theological tract it is, in its discussion of the relationship between church and state, one of the first works of English political theory.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1611hoo.html29/07/2004 22:57:26
Devon local studies service. Hooker. Synopsis chorographical, 1599
D. Devon's history. Hooker. Synopsis chorographical, 1599 Hooker, John. "The synopsis chorographicall of Devonshire." (Manuscript, 1599) Devon record Office: Z19/18/9 Two manuscripts of Hooker's survey survive, the one in the British Library being somewhat shorter than the Exeter one exhibited here. The shorter version was seen by Judge Doddridge after having been offered to a 'person of honourable place in the commonwealth', possibly Sir Walter Raleigh. The text appears to have been considered for publication and was passed by Doddridge to the London printer Zachary Pasfeild. The Exeter manuscript was in the hands of the historian John Prince in 1686 and must also have been seen by the seventeenth century historians Risdon, Pole and Westcote.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1599hoo.html29/07/2004 22:57:27
Devon local studies service. Estienne. Dictionarium, 1536
E. Encyclopedias and dictionaries Estienne. Dictionarium, 1536
Estienne, Robert. Dictionarium seu latinae linguae thesaurus. - (Parisiis: ex officina Roberti Stephani, 1536) Exeter Reference Library: d1536 Robert Estienne (1503-59) is one of the greatest of the scholar printers of the Renaissance and his dictionary is his greatest achievement. Unlike his medieval predecessors Estienne worked on the principle that Latin usage should be based on classical authors. He was to build on this work by producing a series of French-Latin dictionaries which were to help to create and standardise the classical French language.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1536est.html29/07/2004 22:57:29
Devon local studies service. Harris, John. Lexicon technicum, 1704
E: Encyclopedias & dictionaries Harris, John. Lexicon technicum, 1704
Harris, John. Lexicon technicum. (London: Dan. Brown [etc], 1704) ECL MED/HAR. - Learmouth & Macwilliam 12. Harris was a clergyman who was also a mathematician and, from 1709, secretary of the Royal Society. He produced the first English encyclodpedia in alphabetical order and what may well be the first technical dictionary to appear in any language. He was assisted by various contributors, the most notable of which was Isaac Newton.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1704har.html29/07/2004 22:57:31
Devon local studies service. Hepworth, Cecil M. Animated photography, 1897
F: Film & moving image Hepworth, Cecil M. Animated photography, 1897 Hepworth, Cecil M. Animated photography. - (London: Hazell, Watson & Viney, 1897) Bill Douglas Centre 42778 Cecil Hepworth was one of the earliest pioneers of film in Britain, working as a director and a producer, and also developing improved methods of projection. This work was the earliest manual on the production and display of motion pictures to be produced in Britain; it covered all aspects from shooting and developing the film to the mechanics of the different types of projectors.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1897hep.html29/07/2004 22:57:33
Devon local studies service. Prince. Worthies of Devon, 1701
G. Genealogy and heraldry Prince. Worthies of Devon, 1701
Prince, John. Danmonii orientales illustres: or, the worthies of Devon (Exeter: S.Farley, 1701) Westcountry Studies Library, Exeter: sf920.02/DEV/PRI John Prince was born in Axminster in 1643 and was many years vicar of Berry Pomeroy. He had access to the works of earlier antiquaries including Hooker for his lives of eminent Devonians and made the rather rash step of entrusting its production to the newly arrived Exeter press of Samuel Farley. It was several years in the making and exhausted the resources and patience of two of the leading London publishers of the day, Awnsham and John Churchill. As a result the second half of the alphabet is much shorter than the first. Nevertheless, for a provincial printer, the work is typographically very ambitious with generous layout. Woodcut coats of arms accompany 191 biographies and Prince relates many interesting anecdotes about his subjects.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1701pri.html29/07/2004 22:57:35
Devon local studies service. Burke, John. A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire. - 4th ed., 1832
G: Genealogy & heraldry Burke, John. A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire. - 4th ed., 1832 Burke, John. A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire. - 4th ed. - (London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, 1832) Exeter Reference Library: 929.72 This important reference work, known generally as Burke's Peerage, was first published in 1826. The compiler starts off appropriately with the royal family and then provides pedigrees of all the noble families of the British Isles. Burke later produced a companion work covering the landed gentry. Both compilations went through many editions.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1832bur.html29/07/2004 22:57:36
Devon local studies service. John of Gaddesden. Rosa medicinae, 14th cent.
H. Health and medicine John of Gaddesden. Rosa medicinae, 14th cent.
John of Gaddesden. "Rosa medicinae." Manuscript, 14th century. Exeter Cathedral Library: Ms 3506. - Ker ii, 811-3. John of Gaddesden flourished in the 14th century and was an Oxford doctor of physic appointed to Edward II who is mentioned in Chaucer's Canterbury tales. With a typical medieval love of imagery he derived his title from the fact that like the five petals of a rose, there are five parts to his book, dealing with fevers, injuries, hygiene, diet and drugs. The initial Q on folio 236v. contains a seated reader and is used for the bookplate of the Exeter Medical Library. This manuscript was given to the Cathedral Library by John Mongwell senior, an Exeter bookseller, in January 1659. It had previously belonged to John Woolton, an Exeter physician and the eldest son of John Woolton (15361593/4), Bishop of Exeter 1579-94. John Woolton was a fellow of All Souls, Oxford. He was in practice in Exeter and licenced in 1593. On giving up practice he retired to Pilland, Pilton, near Barnstaple in north Devon, where he died late in 1614 or early in 1615. His will, proved 23 February 1615, is in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury records in the Public Record Office (PCC 20 Rudd). A typescript extract by Sir Oswyn Murray is in the Westcountry Studies Library, Exeter. It does not mention his books and manuscripts. (Devon and Cornwall Notes and Queries, vol. 14, p. 335)
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1350gad.html29/07/2004 22:57:38
Devon local studies service. Hippocrates. Opera, 1588
H. Health and medicine Hippocrates. Opera, 1588
Hippocrates. Opera. - (Venice: Giunta, 1588). Exeter Medical Library: EML/HIP. - Bruni & Evans 87. Hippocrates lived from 460 to 375 BC and is known as the father of medicine. He developed the idea of diagnostic medicine and freed the science from the superstition and priestly influence that had bedevilled it, basing his work on the accumulated practical experience of Egypt and Greece. His "Hippocratic oath" is still accepted as a valid statement of the duties of the medical practitioner. His complete works were first published in Latin in Rome in 1525 and the present publication is a series of extracts by Hieronymus Mercurialis.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1588hip.html29/07/2004 22:57:39
Devon local studies service. Galen. Opera omnia, 1541
H: Health & medicine. Galen. Opera omnia, 1541 Galen. Opera omnia. - (Venice: heirs of Lucantonio Giunta, 1541). Exeter Cathedral Library MED/GAL. - Bruni & Evans 72 Galen, who lived in Greece in the second century was the main authority cited by medieval physicians. He wrote on a wide range of subjects and was a keen observer but his deductive methods lead to many speculative ideas among later practitioners, and the reliance on him as an unassailable authority retarded the progress of medicine until after the arrival of the printing press.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1541gal.html29/07/2004 22:57:41
Devon local studies service. Vesalius, Andreas. De humani corporis fabricia, 1555
H: Health & medicine. Vesalius, Andreas. De humani corporis fabricia, 1555 Vesalius, Andreas. De humani corporis fabricia. - (Basle: Johannes Oporinus, 1555). Exeter Cathedral Library: SR Vesalius, a Fleming who lived 1514-64 was professor of anatomy and surgery at Padua. He broke with the traditional authority of Galen, basing his accurate knowledge of the human body on dissection. His work was first published by the scholarly Basle printer Oporinus in 1543 with excellent woodcut illustrations by Jan van Calcar which were much imitated. The second edition, exhibited here, uses a larger font, corrects the faulty pagination and index of 1543 and makes considerable revisions to the text. A summary was published under the title Epitome fabriciae corporis humanae (Antwerp: C.Plantin, 1565) - Exeter Cathedral Library: MED/VES.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1555ves.html29/07/2004 22:57:42
Devon local studies service. Cowper, William. Anatomie of humane bodies, 2nd ed, 1737
H: Health & medicine. Cowper, William. Anatomie of humane bodies, 2nd ed, 1737 Cowper, William. Anatomie of humane bodies. - 2nd ed. (Leyden: J. A. Langerak, 1737). Exeter Medical Library: ZZ/COW This work shows the often underhand way in which knowledge was spread. It is in part pirated from Anatomia humani corporis by Godfried Bidloo which was published in Amsterdam in 1685. Building on Vesalius, the work which first appeared in 1698 was illustrated by 105 detailed copperplate engravings by Gerard de Lairesse. Large numbers of sets of these engravings were secretly imported into England and used by Cowper to illustrate his work.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1737cow.html29/07/2004 22:57:44
Devon local studies service. Harvey, William. Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis, 1737
H. Health and medicine Harvey, William. Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis, 1737
Harvey, William. Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis. - (Leyden: Johannes van Kerckhem, 1737). Exeter medical Library: HAR William Harvey (1578-1657) was the first to explain satisfactorily the circulation of the blood, proving experimentally that the blood in animals is impelled in a circular course through the veins and arteries by the beating of the heart rather than being continually produced by ingested food and the heart's porous system. It was first published in 1628 and this 18th century version, edited by Albinus has on page 56 the statement where Harvey's first thoughts on circulation are given: Coepi egomet mecum cogitare ... I began to think whether there might not be a movement, as it were, in a circle ...
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1737har.html29/07/2004 22:57:45
Devon local studies service. Musgrave, William. De arthritide, 1703
H:Health & medicine. Musgrave, William. De arthritide, 1703 Musgrave, William. De arthritide. - (Exeter: Samuel Farley, 1703.) - ESTC t102935 Westcountry Stduies Library William Musgrave (1655-1721) was one of Exeter's most significant medical practitioners and was also well known as an antiquary. He was one of the first members of the Royal Society and its secretary from 1680 to 1684. In this work he gives the first association of one type of arthritis with gonorrhoea. He practised many years in Exeter and is remembered today by the street name Musgrave Row.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1703mus.html29/07/2004 22:57:46
Devon local studies service. Par, Ambroise. Works, 1678.
H. Health and medicine Par, Ambroise. Works, 1678
Par, Ambroise. The works of that famous chirurgeon Ambrose Parey. - (London: Mary Clark for John Clark, 1678). Exeter Medical Library: EML/PAR. - Wing P351. Ambroise Par (1509-1590) was one of the leading French surgeons of the 16th century. His work is based on Vesalius but he popularised it by issuing it in French. The first English translation was published in 1634. He gave up the use of boiling oil for treating wounds, substituting cool dressings and conducted many operations on wounded soldiers. A favourite saying of his was "I dressed him; God cured him". The illustrations show procedures for resetting dislocated limbs.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1678par.html29/07/2004 22:57:48
Devon local studies service. Jenner, Edward. An enquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae : the cow pox, 2nd ed, 1800
Image to be scanned
H: Health & medicine. Jenner, Edward. An enquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae : the cow pox, 2nd ed, 1800 Jenner, Edward. An enquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae : the cow pox. - 2nd ed. - (London: Sampson Low for the author, 1800). Exeter Medical Library: JEN. - ESTC t054052 Edward Jenner (1749-1823) was a country doctor in Gloucestershire who, noticing that villagers who had suffered from cowpox were immune to smallpox, conceived the idea of injecting cowpox lymph taken from one patient into another. The results were first published in 1798. This marked the beginning of vaccination, although some experiments had taken place earlier by Drs Glass and Andrews of Exeter using a mild form of smallpox rather than the safer cowpox.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1800jen.html29/07/2004 22:57:49
Devon local studies service. Baker, George. An essay concerning the cause of the endemial colic of Devonshire, 1767
H: Health & medicine. Baker, George. An essay concerning the cause of the endemial colic of Devonshire, 1767 Baker, George. An essay concerning the cause of the endemial colic of Devonshire. - 1767 Westcountry Studies Library: s616.33/DEV/BAK. - ESTC t009371 Alcock, Thomas. The endemial colic of Devonshire not caused by a solution of lead in the cyder. - 1769 Westcountry Studies Library: s616.3/DEV/ALC. - ESTC n003441 These two works formed part of a controversy over the cause of the Devonshire colic. It had originally been attribted to the sourness of apples used to make cider but Baker associated it with the presence of lead in the equipment used in its preparation, thus being one of the first to describe the symptoms of lead poisoning. Devonians rushed to the defence of their cider, not least Alcock, who although a cleric, was also a cidermaker. Such vested interests are not without parallel in modern disputes over the safety of food. Baker's findings were accepted and the elimination of lead resulted in the disappearance of Devonshire colic. For a fuller account of the controversy, see the webpage on Cider and eighteenth-century evidence-based healthcare.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1767bak.html29/07/2004 22:57:50
Devon local studies service. Alcock, Thomas. The endemial colic of Devonshire, 1769
H. Health & medicine Alcock, Thomas. The endemial colic of Devonshire, 1769 Alcock, Thomas. The endemial colic of Devonshire not caused by a solution of lead in the cyder. - Plymouth: Printed by R.Weatherley, 1769. Westcountry Studies Library: s616.3/DEV/ALC. - ESTC n003441 This work formed part of the controversy over the cause of the Devonshire colic. It had originally been attributed to the sourness of apples used to make cider but Baker associated it with the presence of lead in the equipment used in its preparation, thus being one of the first to describe the symptoms of lead poisoning. Devonians rushed to the defence of their cider, not least Alcock, who although a cleric, was also a cidermaker. Such vested interests are not without parallel in modern disputes over the safety of food. Baker's findings were accepted and the elimination of lead resulted in the disappearance of Devonshire colic. For a fuller account of the controversy, see the webpage on Cider and eighteenth-century evidence-based healthcare.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 28 April 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1769alc.html29/07/2004 22:57:52
Devon local studies service. Galsworthy. The apple tree, 1916
L. Literature. Galsworthy. The apple tree, 1916. Galsworthy, John. "The apple tree" - (Manuscript, 1916) Westcountry Studies Library, Exeter: s820.2/GAL John Galsworthy (1867-1933) lived for many years in Manaton. He is best known for The Forsyte saga, a cycle of novels recording the affluent middle classes who dominated England before the Great War and chronicling the pressures upon them during the inter-war years. He was also a prolific playwright, writing some thirty plays for the London stage. He donated this short story, which is set in Devon, to Exeter City Library in 1918 before its publication in Five tales later that year.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1916gal.html29/07/2004 22:57:53
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/exemaps.html
Devon Library and Information Services. Local studies service. Town plans of Exeter
County Council > Library service > Local studies > Maps > This page (Ref: MAPS-EXE1) Collections | Sources | Lists | Places | Subjects | Persons | Pictures | Maps | Timeline | Search | Contact This webpage shows the pifalls that beset those using maps to support their field observations when tracing the development of towns and cities. As in the case of county maps of Devon and elsewhere, plans of Exeter and other major towns have in the past been the result of a few major surveys which have then been copied repeatedly. In Exeter, before the Ordnance Survey, there have been only four surveys that have had a major influence on printed plans:
1. 1587. John Hooker. Isca Damnoniorum.

Exeter is among the earliest provincial towns in England to boast a published map, although, as is normal in the Tudor period, it was more of the nature of a bird's eye view. We are indebted for this to John Hooker, the first Chamblerlain of Exeter, who commissioned a number of works relating to Exeter from London publishers, mostly compiled by himself, and which were often intended as new years' gifts. His map of Exeter, commissioned in London from the engraver Flemish engraver Remigius Hogenberg, was probably inspired by the copperplate map of London produced in about 1559, probably engraved by Franciscus Hogenberg and copied by Ralph Agas in 1563. It survives in three states.
State A shows a pair of dividers at the lower right of the plate. In state B these have been erased and in state C they have been replaced by a compass rose and the line of Holloway Street, leading to St Leonard's Church has also been moved to the north. This map formed the basis of all printed maps of Exeter for more than a century: 1611. Speed, John. A plan derived from state A or B of Hooker was incorporated into the well-known county map of Devon produced by John Speed (1552-1629). This was probably prepared in 1610 and was first issued in the Theatre of the empire of Great Britaine in 1611 (Batten and Bennet 6). It was reissued, the Exeter area of the plate unchanged, except for the addition of a few scratches, in at least ten different states of the main plate until 1756. It was closely copied in 1689 for Philip Lea's All the shires of England and Wales (Batten & Bennet 19) Lea had acquired most of the Saxton county plates for this work but that for Devon was missing. He replaced it with a close copy of Speed's plate of 1611. 1618. Braun & Hogenberg. Civitas Exoniae (vulgo Excester). This was the source for most later copies of Hooker's plan and it is itself the largest and most detailed of the derived plates. Copied from state A or B, of Hooker, it first appeared in volume six of the extensive publication Civitates orbis terrarum, published in Cologne and was issued in several later publications, notably by Jansson in Amsterdam in 1660 in Illustriorum principiumque urbium septentrionalium Europae tabulae. It was also re-engraved for Samuel and Daniel Lyson's Magna Britannia in 1822. Other smaller derived plates are: 1650. Merian, Matthias. Exonia, Excester. This appeared in a collection entitled Plans of 17 towns of Great Britain and Ireland and the plate appears to have been reused in 1690 in J.C.Beer's Das neu-beharnischte Grosz-Britannien, published in Nuremberg. 1661. Hermannides, Rutgerus. Exonia. Excester. This appeared in Britannia magna, published in Amsterdam. The plate was revised in 1729 for La galrie agrable du monde, published by Pierre Vander AA, with the addition of a decorative top border which inclued a key to seven numbered sites. Other sites were named on the map itself. The whole was then printed within a trompe l'oeil engraved frame which doubled the dimensions of the print. 1677. Izacke, Richard. A mapp of the city of Exeter. This appeared in Izacke's Antiquities of the city of Exeter, which was published in London by Richard Marriott. This plan was undoubtedly copied from Speed, as the same numbering is used for the list of buildings. However little attempt seems to have been made at checking on the ground as the crane by the quay has been transformed into a windmill. 1700. Meisner, Daniel. Excester in Engellandt. This is perhaps the most extraordinary of the maps derived from Hooker. It appeared in Libellus novus politicus emblematicus civitatum and Exeter is uded to point the moral of the dangers of excessive lust. The Latin and German texts explain the serpents shown on the plate where the female is supposed to bite off the head of the male in her passion. Ogilby, John. The sheets covering Devon in Britannia by John Ogilby (1600-1676) represented the first attempt to depict Exeter in a style more recognisably like today's mapping. However the scale of these strip maps of the major roads was only one inch to a mile and the detail is insufficient to have had a major impact on the published mapping of the city.
2. 1709. Coles, Joseph. A true plan of the city of Excester

This is the first entirely new survey of Exeter to be published since Hooker's. It is also the first published plan of Exeter to be produced entirely in Exeter. The Exeter engraver Joseph Coles also illustrated William Musgrave's antiquarian writings. The surveyor was Ichabod Fairlove and the map was distributed by the Exeter bookseller Edward
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/exemaps.html (1 of 4)29/07/2004 22:57:58
Score. It was the first plan to include illustrations of major buildings in Exeter. It served as a model for various copies, including one by Sutton Nichols and another by John Stukeley, both of which appeared in 1723. It remained the standard published survey of Exeter until Rocque's plan of 1744. 1723. Nichols, Sutton Nichols. A true plan of the city of Excester. This is the more detailed of the copies, even copying the (probably inaccurate) field boundaries. 1723. Stukeley, John. Isca Dumnoniorum. This plan was dedicated to Stukeley's fellow antiquary in Exeter, William Musgrave.
3. 1744 Rocque, John. Plan de la ville et faubourgs d'Exeter.

Rocque was a Huguenot and a prolific surveyor of towns across England. This two sheet plan was dedicated to the Corporation of Exeter. His mapping was more accurate than that of Hooker and Coles, and the elaborate ornamentation included illustrations of the major buildings which provide a useful record of mid 18th century Exeter. The work formed the basis of several smaller plans, some of them by Rocque himself. 1761. Rocque, John. Plan of the city of Exeter. One of several smaller versions of Rocque's plan. 1765. Donn, Benjamin. Plan of the city and suburbs of Exeter. Benjamin Donn, whose Map of the county of Devon was published in 1765 (Batten & Bennett 44), was responsible for the first entirely new survey of Devon since Saxton. For Exeter he was however content to rely on the work of Rocque. The map was reprinted by the Devon and Cornwall Record Society in 1965.
4. 1793. Tozer, Charles. Plan of the city and suburbs of Exeter.

Richard Cowl had proposed a new map of Devon in 1787 but died in 1789, before this could be undertaken. His assistant Tozer was unable to carry out the proposal but produced the present attractive plan, which is very much in the tradition of Rocque. Tozer produced surveys of various estates in Devon including those of the Palk and Kennaway families. 1805 Britton, J. Exeter The engraver John Roper worked with George Cole on The British atlas, designed to accompany J.Britton and E.W.Brayley's The beauties of England and Wales. This was a topographical work, published in parts, and the maps were usually issued separately. The plan, which appears to be independent of Tozer's, was revised and re-used by Besley in the 1820s to accompany his directories and guidebooks.
5. 1809 Ordnance Survey one inch

The establishment of the Ordnance Survey in 1791 brought a new standard of mapping to the British Isles. Photographs of the manuscript drafts used for the first edition of the Ordnance Survey one inch to a mile map of Devon are held in the Westcountry Studies Library. They were produced at scales ranging from two to six inches to one mile between 1784 and 1809 and the originals are in the British Library. Although field boundaries are shown, these are normally schematic only. The first edition (Old Series) of the one inch to a mile map covering Devon was published in 1809. The same plates were used until the 1880s with selective alteration for railways, new roads and other major changes. The facsimile published by Harry Margary in book form uses the earliest version of the plates while the sheets published by David and Charles are taken from late electrotype plates, usually of the 1870s and 1880s and show railways. Both have extensive documentation by J.B.Harley. The mapping was used as a basis for a number of plans produced for government commissioners during the early 19th century. 1832. Dawson, Robert K. Exeter, from the Ordnance Survey. This lithographed map is detached from Dawson's Plans of the cities and boroughs of England and Wales, showing their boundaries as established by the Boundaries Act passed 11th July 1832. It shows proposals for incorporating St Thomas and Heavitree areas into the city boundary and has considerable revisions to reflect housing developments, especially in the St. Leonard area. The second edition (New Series) one inch map was current in Devon from about 1886 to 1910, the third edition from about 1910 to 1918 the fourth edition (Popular Edition) from about 1918 to 1933, the fifth edition from about 1933 to 1939, the sixth edition (New Popular) from about 1946 to 1957 and the seventh series from about 1953 to 1972), at which date they were replaced by the 1:50,000 first series (1974-). The second (Landranger) series was introduced in Devon in c1985. While too small for detailed local history research these small scales were revised more frequently than the larger scales and can record major changes. 1825. Greenwood, Christopher and John. Map of the county of Devon from an actual survey made in the years 1825 & 1826 (1827). The Greenwoods were the major independent mapmakers working at a scale of one inch to a mile. Their maps showed parish boundaries before Ordnance Survey and their hatchuring is less dense, often making the maps easier to consult.
1835 Brown, R. The city of Exeter 1840. Wood, John. A plan of Exeter, from actual survey. This is the most detailed published plan to date, showing individual polts. It was produced by Wood in the late 1830s for the Improvement Commissioners and shows ward and parish boundaries and accompanies a Valuation of houses and lands made in 1838 by Rowe, Cornish and Hooper. 1852. Featherstone & Co. Map of the city of Exeter, embracing all the alterations and improvements to the present period. A reduced and updated copy of Wood's plan. 1852. Tallis, John. Exeter. The Tallis family were leading London publishers of atlases, among their most unusual publications being London street views (1839), a series of panoramas of the facades of buildings along the main thoroughfares of the metropolis. Their products are frequently elegantly designed and this is aesthetically one of the most pleasing of the 19th century plans of Exeter. It is derived from Wood's plan. 1855. Featherstone & Co. Map of Exeter. A crudely lithographed simplification of Wood's plan, updated to show the proposed railway line through Exeter Central Station.
1855. Ordnance Survey. County series.

A series of sheetlines for the large-scale survey of England and Wales was drawn up for each county in 1855. In Devon 139 sheet numbers were assigned running in strips four miles wide across the county from north to south. Exeter fell within sheet 80. The Ordnance Survey's key sheets have recently been reprinted: Indexes to the 1:2500 and six inch scale maps : England and Wales. 1875-6. Ordnance Survey 1:500 Between 1855 and 1892 the Ordnance Survey published very large scale plans (typically 1:500) of sixteen towns in Devon, including Exeter, which was surveyed in 1875-6 and revised in 1888 and published in 41 sheets. Each sheet covered an area 0.2 miles by 0.3 miles and they were numbered as subdivisions of the 1:2,500 sheets, e.g. 80.6.25 covers the south-east corner of 1:2,500 Exeter sheet 80.6. A selection of the abbreviations which are commonly found on these plans indicate the level of detail: Boundary information B.P. Boundary post C.F. Centre of fence C.R. Centre of road C.S. Centre of stream C.W. Centre of wall Def. Defaced F.W. Face of wall R.H. Root of hedge S.D. Side of drain S.P. Side of path (or Sewer pipe!) S.S. Side of stream T.S. Track of stream Undef. Undefined Other detail B.M. Bench mark F.P. Fire plug (or Footpath!) G.P. Gas plug (or Guide post!) H. Hydrant (or House etc.) L. Lamp (or Lawn or Lake etc) L.B. Letter box L.P. Lamp post M.S. Mile stone P.H. Public House S.C. Stop cock S.L. Signal light W.P. Water plug W.P. Water plug W.T. Water tap
Despite the level of detail, house numbers were not given. Microfiches of these extremely detailed plans are available in the appropriate area local studies collections with a full set for the county in the Westcountry Studies Library. 1890. Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 The large-scale survey of Devon as a whole was delayed by the so called "battle of the scales" and it did not commence publication until 1864. In this period the first edition of the six inch to a mile (1:10,560) and 1:2,500 plans of the Plymouth and Torbay area were published concurrently. Coverage of the remainder of the county had to wait until 1885-90, after the Treasury had voted in 1880 to increase the establishment of the Ordnance Survey. The first edition of Exeter appeared at the same time as the revision of the 1:500 sheets in 1890. A second edition was published for most of the county in 1906 and revisions for the built-up areas such as Exeter also appeared, mostly in the period 1932-36. While the first edition included parish boundaries within the walled city, these were omitted in the second edition. The 1:2,500 sheets were numbered as 16 subsheets, e.g. for Exeter 80.1, 80.2 etc running from north-west to south-east, each overing an area of one by one and a half miles. The county series 1:2,500 sheets have been digitised on a National Grid base by Landmark, a company located in Exeter. 1890 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560. This scale was derived from 1:2,500 mapping and sheets were normally issued at the same time as the larger scale. In Exeter the publication dates are 1890, 1906, 1932 and 1938. The 1:10,560 maps appeared in four sub-sheets, e.g. for Exeter 80NW, 80NE, 80SW and 80SE, each covering an area of two by three miles. 1941. Germany. Heer. Stadtplan von Exeter Based on Ordnance Survey six inch mapping converted to 1:10,000 scale, these maps were amended to include detail of military sites from air photographs and had strategic targets marked. 1888. Goad, Charles E. Insurance plan of Exeter. These were produced for Exeter and Plymouth only in Devon between 1887 and 1962 at a scale of 1 inch to 40 feet (1:480). These were not sold but leased and were updated by means of paste-on slips and provide extremely detailed information on the structure of the buildings surveyed. They are available in Westcountry Studies and Plymouth Local Studies Library on aperture cards. 1968 Goad, Charles E. Shopping centre plans. These replaced the insurance plans. The surveys are compiled for the central business districts of the larger towns and are updated annually or every two years. They are currently produced at a scale of 1:1,000.
1948. Ordnance Survey national grid sheets.

From 1945 Ordnance Survey maps were based on a metric national grid. The 100 Km square which covers Exeter is SX. Within this main square references are given by counting first the eastings and then the northings. Thus a two figure reference (e.g. SX99 is accurate to within ten kilometers, a four figure reference (e.g. SX9292) to within one kilometer and a six-figure reference (e.g. SX925925) to within one hundred meters. The national grid maps have been published at the following scales since 1945: Ordnance Survey 1:25,000. Sheets at first covered one 10 Km square (e.g. SX99) or two adjacent 10 Km squares from their introduction in about 1945. The double sheet covering Exeter was SX89/99. The series is currently published in two sequentially numbered series, Outdoor Leisure maps for the main tourist areas (Dartmoor and South Hams within Devon) and Explorer maps for the rest of the county. The sheet for Exeter is 114. These replace the Pathfinder series (c1985-1996), whose sheets also received sequential numbering covering the whole country. Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 (from c1970 1:10,000). Sheets cover one 5 Km square (e.g. SX99NW, SX99NE, SX99SW, SX99SE). This is the largest scale at which contours are shown. Ordnance Survey 1:2,500. Sheets cover a 1 Km square (e.g. SX9292) or two adjacent squares (e.g. SX9292/9392). These are the first Ordnance Survey plans to show house numbers. Where 1:1,250 plans are published this scale was discontinued. Ordnance Survey 1:1,250 Sheets cover an area 500 meters square (e.g. SX9292NW, SX9292NE, SX9292SW, SX9292SE. Only the major towns are covered. SUSI (unpublished interim updates) were not normally acquired by libraries. In 1992 the publication of plans at the scales of 1:2500 and 1:1250 was discontinued and succeeded by Superplan, a system of computerised updating. In view of the expense, printouts from these sheets are not normally acquired by Devon Library Services but it is possible to consult large-scale mapping of the entire county on computer using the MapView program at Westcountry Studies libray. The considerable numbers of later 19th and 20th century town plans, mostly derived from Ordnance Survey mapping, are not described here. They are normally maps rather than plans and so of limited value for detailed work on properties. Nevertheless thay are regularly revised and so are of value for major developments, when they are dated. Also of value are the maps in planning documents and reports which frequenly overlay Ordnance Survey base mapping with thematic data.
Further reading
The standard source for Devon's county maps is: The printed maps of Devon: county maps 1575-1837 by Kit Batten and Francis Bennett (Devon Books, 1996). For maps of Exeter see K.M.Constable "The early printed plans of Exeter, 1587-1723" in Transactions of the Devonshire Association, vol 64 (1932), 455-474. Good guides to maps and plans are provided by B.P.Hindle Maps for local history (Batsford, 1988) and D.Smith Maps and plans for the local historian and collector (1988). J.B.Harley of Exeter University has written two guides to OS maps: The historian's guide to Ordnance Survey maps (1964) and Ordnance Survey maps: a descriptive manual (1975). R.Oliver's Ordnance Survey maps: a guide for historians (1994) is a revision of Harley's work. Other useful guides by R.Oliver are his Guide to Ordnance Survey one inch seventh series (3rd ed, 1990), his Guide to the Ordnance Survey one inch new popular edition (2nd ed, 1989) and his Ordnance Survey maps: a concise guide for historians (1993).
Return to top of this page and key links | Contact information relating to this website. This page last updated 27 Feb 2004 by Ian Maxted Copyright Devon County Council, 2003.
Devon local studies service. Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de. Histoire naturelle, 1774
Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service Reproduction unauthorised
N: Natural history Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de. Histoire naturelle, 1774 Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de. Histoire naturelle (1774) Devon and Exeter Institution: N.1-13 This multivolume work, which first appeared in Paris in 1744, presented one of the first comprehensive surveys of natural history in a popular form. It remained popular throughout the nineteenth century, being translated and reissued in a wide variety of adaptations.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1774buf.html29/07/2004 22:57:59
Devon local studies service. Machiavelli, Niccolo. Tutti le opere. - (1550).
O. Official, legal & political. Machiavelli, Niccolo. Tutti le opere. - (1550) Machiavelli, Niccolo. Tutti le opere. - (1550) Exeter Reference Library: o1550. - Bruni & Evans 100 Machiavelli (1469-1527) is considered by many to be the father of modern political science. He was for many years a diplomat and official in the Florentine republic and his chief work The prince, written in 1513 and first published in 1532, is essentially a work of practical statecraft. He held the effective leader should use any means at his disposal to maintain the state, even deception, cruelty and force. The work had a great influence on the politicians of the European Renaissance and his name has become a byword for political cunning. Although dated 1550, this edition was probably printed after 1600.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1550mac.html29/07/2004 22:58:01
Devon local studies service. Howard, John. The state of prisons in England and Wales, 4th ed, 1791
O. Official and political Howard, John. The state of prisons in England and Wales, 4th ed, 1791 Howard, John. The state of prisons in England and Wales. - 4th ed. - (London: J.Johnson, 1791) Exeter Reference Library: x1791. The poor quality of this image is regretted. It is hoped to capture it again in due course. John Howard became aware of the plight of prisoners when he was sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773. His camapaigns led to reforming legislation and his tireless surveys of prison conditions were extended to the continent. When he died of prison fever contracted in Russia in 1790 he was famous in every country in Europe. His name is commemorated in the title of the Howard League for Penal Reform. This image is a plan of the Bastille in Paris.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1791how.html29/07/2004 22:58:02
Devon local studies service. Hansard, T.C. Parliamentary debates, 1812
O: Official, legal & political Hansard, T.C. Parliamentary debates, 1812 Hansard, T.C. Parliamentary debates (London: T.C.Hansard, 1812) Exeter Reference Library In the 18th century it was considered a breach of privilege to report the proceedings of Parliament and several Exeter printers were prosecuted. Thinly veiled accounts of the debates in the senate of Lilliput were published in the Gentleman's magazine. William Cobbett started his detailed account of parliamentary debates in 1803. In 1808 T.C. Hansard (1776-1833) became the printer and he purchased the rights from Cobbett in 1812. Since 1818, when Cobbett's name disappeared from the title-page, the official verbatim account of the parliamentary debates has been known as "Hansard".
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1812han.html29/07/2004 22:58:05
Devon local studies service. Mawson, Thomas H. & Sons. Exeter of the future: a policy of improvement within a period of 100 years, 1913
O: Official & legal Mawson, Thomas H. & Sons. Exeter of the future: a policy of improvement within a period of 100 years, 1913 Mawson, Thomas H. & Sons. Exeter of the future: a policy of improvement within a period of 100 years. - (London: Thomas H.Mawson & Sons, [1913]). Westcountry Studies Library: sxB/EXE/711.4/MAW The vast growth in official publications by local government has taken place since the introduction of the Town and Country Planning Act in 1947, but there were earlier planning publications. Exhibited is an unusual early Exeter example which proposed a municipal centre on a grand scale in the Queen Street area and a new street cut through from the front of the Guildhall to the Cathedral Close. The time-scale proposed is modest; more than a decade still remains to see it though.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1913maw.html29/07/2004 22:58:06
Devon local studies service. A true relation of Withycombe ... , 1638
P: Press & periodicals A true relation of Withycombe ... , 1638 A true relation of those sad and lamentable accidents, which happened in and about the parish church of Withycombe ... - (London: G.M. for R.Harford, 1638) Westcountry Studies Library: s551.563/WID/TRU. - STC 25607 A local example of the many newsbooks which were a main method of spreading news of national and local events in the days before regular newspapers. The typical format was one or two sheets of paper with four pages of text printed on each side folded up to make up a pamphlet which would normally be roughly stitched before distribution.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1638tru.html29/07/2004 22:58:07
Devon local studies service. Illustrated London News, 1842.
P. Press and periodicals. Illustrated London News, 1842. Illustrated London News, vol. 1, no. 1. - (London, 1842) Exeter reference Library: 052 Founded by Herbert Ingram (1811-60), this was the first weekly periodical to make news pictures its main feature. Ingram commissioned artists to travel to places in the news and during the Crimean War it published battle scenes drawn on the spot. The larger engravings were worked on in sections by several craftsmen and only clamped together for printing.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1842ill.html29/07/2004 22:58:08
Devon local studies service. Grandisson, John. Legenda de sanctis. ca. 1350
Timeline. ca.1350 Grandisson, John. Legenda de sanctis. Grandisson, John. Legenda de sanctis (Manuscript, 14th cent.) Exeter Cathedral Library: D. & C. MS 3505. - Ker ii, 810 John de Grandisson was the longest serving (1327-69) and perhaps the most influential bishop of Exeter. He bestowed his considerable wealth liberally for the good of his church, and it was during his episcopate that the Cathedral took on its present appearance. This beautiful manuscript is one of those written for him and donated by him. He was both art lover and bibliophile and this volume, like many others, bears his annotations, including the note at the top of the first page, shown here, with his abbreviated autograph "J. de G.". The initial contains his coat of arms. The book is one of a set drawn up as a lectionary for the use of the Cathedral Church of Exeter. As well as the manuscript itself, the binding is a fine example of medieval craftsmanship.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1350gra.html29/07/2004 22:58:10
Devon local studies service. Rabanus Maurus/ Isidore of Seville. Works. ca. 950
Timeline. ca.950 Rabanus Maurus / Isidore of Seville. Works. Rabanus Maurus/ Isidore of Seville. Works. - (Manuscript, 10th cent.) Exeter Cathedral Library: D. & C. MS 3507. - Ker ii, 813-4 This handsome manuscript dates from the same period as the Exeter Book and is written in the same script, though the language is Latin. Shown here are three runic alphabets. Runes were used by Germanic peoples as an alternative alphabet and are also found in the Exeter Book, sometimes to add mystery to riddles. The book has been in Exeter since at least the early 14th century.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0950rab.html29/07/2004 22:58:12
Devon local studies service. Saint Helen's psalter, 13th cent.
S. Scribes and manuscripts. Saint Helen's psalter, 13th cent. Saint Helen's psalter. (Manuscript, 13th cent.) Exeter Cathedral Library: D. & C. MS 3508. - Ker ii 814-6 As well as the splendid illuminated initials and the music in the body of the work, a feature of this manuscript is the calendar at the beginning, which includes later additions made in Exeter such as an entry for the death of the Dean, Henry Webber on 13 February 1477. The book has been in Exeter since the 13th century. It is well-thumbed and therefore, unlike some medieval books, was evidently in everyday use.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1250sai.html29/07/2004 22:58:13
Devon local studies service. Cicero. De officiis, 1465
S: Scribes and manuscripts Cicero. De officiis, 1465 Cicero. De officiis (Mainz: Fust & Schffer, 1465/6) Exeter Cathedral Library: F (printed)/1 This single leaf of parchment is the oldest example of printing in Exeter and clearly shows the use of manuscript letter forms in the earliest printing. The coloured additions were made by hand. The leaf is in two pieces because the parchment was re-used for the end-leaves of a later book. A classic example of the transition from script to print. Johann Fust is known to have learned the art of printing from the inventor Johan Gutenberg himself in the 1450s.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1465cic.html29/07/2004 22:58:15
Devon local studies service. Celsus, Aulus Cornelius. De medicina, 1497
S: Scribes and manuscripts Celsus, Aulus Cornelius. De medicina, 1497 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius. De medicina (Venice: Pinzi, 1497) Exeter Cathedral Library: X19. - Bruni & Evans 44, Hain 4858, GW 6459. One of the later incunabula (15th century printed books) in the Cathedral Library and properly post-medieval, this handsome volume still retains the manuscript features of abbreviated Latin and hand-painted initials, though the typeface itself is becoming recognisably more "printed" in appearance. The book belonged to Dr Thomas Glass of Exeter (1709-86), who left his extensive medical library to the Cathedral. It has extensive 16th century annotations.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1497cel.html29/07/2004 22:58:17
Devon local studies service. Bacon, Francis. De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum, 1645
T. Technology & science Bacon, Francis. De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum, 1645 Bacon, Francis. De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum (Lugd. Batavorum [Leiden]: Apud Franciscum Moiardum et Adrianum Wungaerde, 1645) Exeter Reference Library: o1645 Bacon's attempts to systematise the various fields of knowledge had a great influence on philosophy and natural science. Voltaire designated Bacon as the "father of experimental philosophy" and it was under the impetus provided by his writings that the Philosophical Society was established in 1645. In 1662 this body was granted a charter by James II and became the Royal Society, which still survives today as a testimony to the enduring achievement of Bacon.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1645bac.html29/07/2004 22:58:19
Devon local studies service. Bourne, John C. The history and description of the Great Western Railway, 1846
T: Technology & science Bourne, John C. The history and description of the Great Western Railway, 1846 Bourne, John C. The history and description of the Great Western Railway. - (London: David Bogue, 1846). Westcountry Studies Library: sf385/WES/BOU This description of Brunel's broad gauge marvel with its many engineering feats was illustrated by fifty lithographic plates of track, bridges, tunnels and stations between Paddington and Bristol. There was also a supplement with plates of architectural features in historic buildings along the line of the railway. The use of broad gauge track was discontinued by the Great Western Railway in 1892 although vestiges can still be seen near the turntable by the Exeter Canal basin.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1846bou.html29/07/2004 22:58:21
Devon local studies service. Great Exhibition. Official catalogue, 1851
T.Technology and science Great Exhibition. Official catalogue, 1851
Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations. Official descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the Great Exhibition. - (London: Spicer Bros., 1851) Exeter Reference Library: 606 Inspired by Prince Albert this was the first international exhibition to be held in any country. Housed in Paxton's magnificent Crystal Palace, it had a major influence on world commerce as well as providing a showcase for many thousands of inventions. The illustrated catalogue provides a detailed survey of the state of technology and the applied arts in the middle of the 19th century.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1851gre.html29/07/2004 22:58:23
Devon local studies service. Drake, Sir Francis. The world encompass'd, 1628
V: Voyages & travel Drake, Sir Francis. The world encompass'd, 1628 Drake, Sir Francis. The world encompass'd by Sir Francis Drake. - (London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1628) Westcountry Studies Library: s910.4. - STC 7161 Sir Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the world between 1577 and 1580 was only the second since that undertaken by Magellan. This account was edited by an unknown author from the notes of the preacher Francis Fletcher and other companions on the voyage and published by Sir Francis Drake, first Baronet (1588-1637), the son of Sir Francis Drake's brother Thomas. Fletcher's account seems previously to have been used by Richard Hakluyt in his insert into The principall navigations (1589).
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1628dra.html29/07/2004 22:58:25
Devon local studies service. Purchas, Samuel. Purchas his pilgrimage, 1617
V: Voyages & travel Purchas, Samuel. Purchas his pilgrimage, 1617 Purchas, Samuel. Purchas his pilgrimage, or, relations of the world ... - 3rd ed. - (London: William Stansby for Henry Fetherstone, 1617). Exeter Reference Library: x1617. - STC 20507 Samuel Purchas (1577-1626) was rector of St Martin Ludgate in the City of London and a notable compiler of travel books. He assisted the geographer and Richard Hakluyt but also published several collections on his own account. Their work reflected the great interest in exploration in which England was playing a leading role. The work is very up-to-date, with details of recent voyages to North America.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1617pur.html29/07/2004 22:58:27
Devon local studies service. Park, Mungo. Travels in the interior of Africa, 2nd ed, 1799
V: Voyages and travel Park, Mungo. Travels in the interior of Africa, 2nd ed, 1799 Park, Mungo. Travels in the interior of Africa. - 2nd ed. (1799). Devon and Exeter Institution Library: G36.21. - ESTC n013687. Park was the first modern European explorer to reach the Niger which he explored in 1795 and 1805 in which year he was drowned when attacked by natives. This account of his travels became a classic, being translated into many European languages and stimulating further exploration. His observations on botany, meteorology and social customs remain of great importance.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1799par.html29/07/2004 22:58:27
Devon local studies service. Gilpin, William. Observations on the western parts of England relating chiefly to picturesque beauty, 1798
V: Voyages and travel Gilpin, William. Observations on the western parts of England relating chiefly to picturesque beauty, 1798 Gilpin, William. Observations on the western parts of England relating chiefly to picturesque beauty. - (London: T.Cadell and W.Davies, 1798). Westcountry Studies Library: sWES/1798/GIL Travel need not be to far-away places, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, which closed the continent to tourists, opened areas of the British Isles to visitors. This was also aided by improvements in travel, the vogue for sea bathing and the writings of William Gilpin (1724-1804) who was a leader of the 18th century cult of the picturesque. His works were illustrated by his own aquatints and were satirised by William Combe in his series of illustrated poems giving an account of the travels of Dr Syntax.
Devon local studies service. Livingstone, David. Missionary travels, 1857
V: Voyages and travel Livingstone, David. Missionary travels, 1857 Livingstone, David. Missionary travels, (1857). Devon and Exeter Institution Library: G28.27 Livingstone (1813-1873) was one of the greatest European explorers of Africa. He worked as a missionary from 1840 but was a keen scientific observer and by living closely with the African peoples gained a deep insight into the nature of their cultures. He was the first European to see the Victoria Falls and on an expedition to discover the source of the Nile was found by Stanley at Ujiji in 1868. His travels were eagerly followed in England and encouraged other explorers, missionaries and colonisers.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1857liv.html29/07/2004 22:58:29
Devon local studies service. Nansen, Fridtjof. Fram over Polhavet, 1897
V: Voyages and travel Nansen, Fridtjof. Fram over Polhavet, 1897 Nansen, Fridtjof. Fram over Polhavet. - (Kristiania: H.Aschehoug & Co., 1897) Exeter Reference Library: 998 Nansen (1861) completed the first completely successful modern polar expedition in 1896, returning to his native Norway after reaching 86o 14', the highest latitude so far attained by man. His work, translated in the same year as Farthest north, was an instant success and has become a classic story of polar exploration. Illustrated is a drawing of the aurora borealis or northern lights.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1897nan.html29/07/2004 22:58:31
Devon local studies service. Scott, Robert Falcon. Scott's last expedition, 1913
V: Voyages and travel Scott, Robert Falcon. Scott's last expedition, 1913 Scott, Robert Falcon. Scott's last expedition. - (1913) Exeter Reference Library: 999 The Plymothian Robert Falcon Scott (1868-1912) failed by five weeks to be the first to reach the South Pole but became a hero for his desperate and unsuccessful struggle to return to base camp after being robbed of his prize by Amundsen. The account of the expedition is illustrated by the famous photographs of Herbert G.Ponting who also took one of the earliest film cameras to accompany a scientific expedition.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1913sco.html29/07/2004 22:58:32
Devon local studies service. Hywood, Abel. Famous victory ... before ... Exeter, 1643
W: War & revolutions Hywood, Abel. Famous victory ... before ... Exeter, 1643 Hywood, Abel. A famous victory obtained before the city of Exeter. - (London: Printed for I.H. and T.Finch, 1643). Westcountry Studies Library: sB/EXE/1643/HYW. - Wing H3891. The English civil war was the first in which this country was involved to receive extensive media coverage and fortunately much of these ephemeral publications survive thanks to a London bookseller George Thomason. Although a royalist, he collected all publications impartially, carefully noting the date of publication. Over twenty years he amassed 23,000 items which he bound in 1,983 volumes. After many vicissitudes the collection was purchased by George III and given to the British Museum in 1762. Exeter libraries cannot hope to rival such a collection.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1643hyw.html29/07/2004 22:58:34
Devon local studies service. Sir Thomas Fairfax's proceedings about the storming of Exeter, 1646
W: War & revolutions Sir Thomas Fairfax's proceedings about the storming of Exeter, 1646 Sir Thomas Fairfax's proceedings about the storming of Exeter. - (London: Printed for Matthew Walbank, 1645 [i.e. 1646]). Westcountry Studies Library: sB/EXE/1645/SIR. - Wing S3897. This newsbook gives details of a variety of occurrences at the time that the forces of Parliament were preparing to take Exeter. Barley, mentioned a number of times, is on the site of Barley House, for many years the headquarters of Devon Library services. The full text is given below. Pages 2 and 8 are blank in the original.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1646sir.html (1 of 2)29/07/2004 22:58:36
Devon local studies service. Sir Thomas Fairfax's proceedings about the storming of Exeter, 1646
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 10 Mar 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1646sir.html (2 of 2)29/07/2004 22:58:36
Devon local studies service. Complete collection of papers relating to the great revolutions in England and Scotland from ... 1688 to ... 1689, 1689
W:Wars & revolutions Complete collection of papers relating to the great revolutions in England and Scotland from ... 1688 to ... 1689, 1689 Complete collection of papers relating to the great revolutions in England and Scotland from ... June 8 1688 to ... April 11. 1689. - (London: J.D. for R.Clavel [etc], 1689). Exter Reference Library: o1689 These papers were originally published in a series of pamphlets by Richard Janeway and were gathered together to be reissued with a collective titlepage and introduction. The publication bears witness to the enthusiasm with which the public devoured details of England's bloodless revolution of 1688.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1689com.html29/07/2004 22:58:37
Devon local studies service. Ray, James. Complete history of the rebellion ... in 1745, 1755
W: Wars and revolutions Ray, James. Complete history of the rebellion ... in 1745, 1755 Ray, James. Complete history of the rebellion from its first rise in 1745 to its total suppression at the glorious battle of Culloden in April 1746. - ([s.l.]: for the author, 1755) Exeter Reference Library: o1755 The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Price Charlie) marched his troops far into England in 1745 in his attempt to assert his claim to the English throne. This account of the campaign, which culminated in the last pitched battle on British soil at Culloden, was written by a volunteer who served under the Duke of Cumberland and his partisanship is evident even in the title.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1755ray.html29/07/2004 22:58:38
Devon local studies service. Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the revolution in France, 3rd ed., 1790
W: Wars & revolutions Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the revolution in France, 3rd ed., 1790 Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the revolution in France. - 3rd ed (London: J.Dodsley, 1790). - ESTC t046576 Exeter Reference Library: o1790 Burke (1729-1797) had served as a Whig member of Parliament since 1765 and had been very supportive of the American colonists. This effective piece of polemic writing was born out of the horrors felt by Burke and many others at the excesses being committed in France in the name of liberty.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1790bur.html29/07/2004 22:58:39
Devon local studies service. Paine, Thomas. The rights of man, being an answer to Mr. Burke's attack on the French Revolution, 4th ed, 1791
W:Wars & revolutions Paine, Thomas. The rights of man, being an answer to Mr. Burke's attack on the French Revolution, 4th ed, 1791 Paine, Thomas. The rights of man, being an answer to Mr. Burke's attack on the French Revolution. - 4th ed. - (London: J.S.Jordan, 1791) Exeter Reference Library: o1791. - ESTC t005868 Thomas Paine (1737-1809) had worked for the cause of American independence in the 1770s and had written many pamphlets in the cause of liberty. The present work was written as a reply to Burke's horrified reaction to the events in France and clearly and forcibly lays down the fundamental rights which must be protected, "by reason, accommodation, and general consent". It has become a beacon for radical thinkers and a clear exposition of the fundamental principles of democracy. Paine was elected a French citizen in 1792 and became a member of the National Convention. His works were stocked by Robert Trewman, publisher of Trewman's Exeter Flying Post newspaper, before Paine was burned in effigy, together with his works, in Exeter, as in a number of other towns across Devon.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 27 Jun 2003 Copyright Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1791pai.html29/07/2004 22:58:40
Devon local studies service. Gillray, James. The plumb-pudding in danger, 1805
W:Wars & revolutions Gillray, James. The plumb-pudding in danger, 1805 Gillray, James. The plumb-pudding in danger; - or state epicures taking un petit souper. - London: H.Humphrey, 1805). Exeter Reference Library: Heber Mardon B147. One of the most famous satirical prints produced by James Gillray (1757-1815) this shows Pitt, long and lanky as in all his caricatures, facing a diminutive Napoleon across a dinner table. Pitt, armed with a trident and dagger, helps himself to a large slice of the ocean, as befits Britan's mastery of the seas, while Napoleon carves a slice of Europe, except Britain, Sweden and Russia. The second line of the title includes a quotation from Shakespeare's Tempest. The caricature is made the more effective by its avoidance of any obvious taking of sides. The Heber Mardon Collection, from which this item is taken, was donated to Exeter Library in 1924. For a fuller account of the English view of Napoleon including other caricatures, see the webpage on Boney: Napoleon through English eyes.
Devon local studies service. Marx, Karl. Manifesto of the communist party, 1941
W:Wars & revolutions Marx, Karl. Manifesto of the communist party, 1941 Marx, Karl. Manifesto of the communist party. - (Moscow, 1941) Exeter Reference Library: 335.42 This tract by Marx and Engels first appeared anonymously in 1848. It advocated ten immediate reforms, of which many are neither Marxist nor revolutionary and have been accepted into modern political practices. It concludes with the slogan urging the workers of the world to unite as they have nothing to lose but their chains. The edition exhibited is a reprint of the authorised translation of 1888 and was printed in Moscow.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1941mar.html29/07/2004 22:58:43
Devon local studies service. Mr Punch's history of the Great War, 1919
W:Wars & revolutions Mr Punch's history of the Great War, 1919 Mr Punch's history of the Great War. - (London: Cassell & Co., 1919). Exeter Reference Library: 940.3 This compilation provides an alternative view of the war to end all wars than that provided by the official multi-volume History of the Great War (1922-1987). The humorous magazine Punch provided a series of technically accomplished political cartoons to raise morale. The one displayed "The haunted ship: ghost of the old pilot" is an allusion to an earlier famous cartoon "Dropping the pilot", which had appeared in 1890 when Kaiser Wilhelm, jealous of the popularity of Otto von Bismark (1815-1898) dismissed the statesman who had been instrumental in uniting the German states.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1919pun.html29/07/2004 22:58:45
Devon local studies service. Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf, 1939
W:Wars & revolutions Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf, 1939 Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf. - (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1939) Exeter Reference Library: s943. First published in 1927 it was not until 1939 that a complete translation appeared, although an abridged edition with the title My struggle had appeared in 1933. The work reached 830 impressions in Germany by 1943. In this work Hitler makes his objectives perfectly clear years before he came to power. The work is open to show Hitler's differentiation between races which are founders of culture (only the Aryan race, of which coincidentally Hitler considered himself a member), bearers of culture (for example the Japanese) and destroyers of culture. At the end of the millennium it is sobering to witness the continuing activities of certain nations who would like to consider themselves in the first category.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1939hit.html29/07/2004 22:58:46
Devon local studies service. Comenius, Johannes Amos. Orbis sensualium pictus ... Translated into English by Charles Hoole, 1705
Y: Younger readers Comenius, Johannes Amos. Orbis sensualium pictus ... Translated into English by Charles Hoole, 1705 Comenius, Johannes Amos. Orbis sensualium pictus ... Translated into English by Charles Hoole. - (London: John Sprint, 1705). Exeter Reference Library: o1705. - ESTC t133046 Jan Amos Komeneski (1597-1670) was an educational reformer who was born in Moravia. He was a pioneer of new language teaching methods and was invited to England in 1641 to plan a Baconian college of all the sciences. He settled in Hungary where he composed his Orbis sensualium pictus, the first language textbook to use pictures as a visual aid to learning. First published in 1658, it was translated into English by Charles Hoole the following year.
Return to the top of the page here. Return to the Local Studies Homepage or the Devon Homepage here. Send comments, enquiries about this Local Studies facility to imaxted@devon.gov.uk This page last updated 4 May 2000 Devon County Council, 2000.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1705com.html29/07/2004 22:58:47
Devon local studies service. Fables of Aesop. By Sir Roger L'Estrange, 1692
Y. Younger readers. L'Estrange, Sir Roger. Fables of Aesop, 1692 L'Estrange, Sir Roger. Fables of Aesop and other eminent mythologists: with moral and reflections. - (London: R.Sare [etc], 1692). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 36. The fables of the Greek writer Aesop had been in print since the 15th century. This translation by the Tory journalist and pamphleteer Sir Roger L'Estrange (1616-1704) who at one time was licenser for the press on behalf of the government, was specifically intended for children, but its large size would have put it out of the reach of all but the most wealthy nurseries. His political opinions sometimes manifested themselves in the reflections that he added to each fable.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1692les.html29/07/2004 22:58:48
Devon local studies service. An alphabet, 1808
Y. Younger readers An alphabet, 1808 An alphabet &c. - (London: W. & T.Darton, 1808?). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 487. This folded card is an example of the battledore, which developed from the earlier hornbook. Hornbooks consisted of a wooden or metal frame containing alphabets, the Lord's prayer and simple words and were supplied with a handle to make it easier for the child to hold. Like its predecessor, the battledore could be used out of school hours to play with shuttlecocks.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1808alp.html29/07/2004 22:58:49
Devon local studies service. The infant's letter box, 1803
Y: Younger readers The infant's letter box, 1803 The infant's letter box. - (London: John Marshall, 1803). - Box with vol + 26 folded sheets. Exeter Reference Library: Moon 486. This extremely rare incitement to learning to read contains 26 folded sheets, each with a letter to the infant, congratulating it on learning the relevant letter of the alphabet. The two books, entitled A description of the letters in the infant's letter-box include an address to mothers, suggesting how the contents of the box are to be used.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1803inf.html29/07/2004 22:58:51
Devon local studies service. Hieroglyphic Bible, 1800?
Y: Younger readers Hieroglyphic Bible, 1800? Hieroglyphic Bible. - (London?: Robert Bassam?, 1800?). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 15. Like so many early children's books, this copy has suffered badly through rough usage and lacks the title-page. This attractive and entertaining introduction to the Bible first appeared in 1783 and had reached its 13th edition by 1795. The small wood engravings which replace many of the words are for the most part excellently done, and some have been ascribed to Bewick.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1800hie.html29/07/2004 22:58:52
Devon local studies service. The orphan; or, the interesting life of little Fanny Fairchild, 1795
Y: Younger readers The orphan; or, the interesting life of little Fanny Fairchild, 1795 The orphan; or, the interesting life of little Fanny Fairchild. - (Exeter: McKenzie and Son, 1795). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 226. This piece of Exeter printing was an imitation of Goody Goosecap and Goody Two Shoes, tales of an orphan girl who, though sober industry achieved success and matrimony. This copy has wrappers made of coloured floral paper and is enlivened with a variety of rough woodcuts which the printer had to hand, obviously not part of a set and bearing only a chance relationship to the content of the tale.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1795orp.html29/07/2004 22:58:53
Devon local studies service. The book of trades, or library of the useful arts. Part 1, 1804
Y: Younger readers The book of trades, or library of the useful arts. Part 1, 1804 The book of trades, or library of the useful arts. Part 1. - (London: Tabart and Co., 1804). Exeter Reference Library: - Moon 462. This is the first edition of the first of three parts of a clearly and intelligently written book with excellent excellent engraved illustrations introducing the young person to the work of various craftsmen, showing their tools and the surroundings in which they worked. With its descriptions of trades on the eve of mechanisation this book is as interesting today as it was when it first appeared.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1804boo.html29/07/2004 22:58:54
Devon local studies service. Martin, Sarah Catherine. The comic adventures of old mother Hubbard and her dog, 1805
Y: Younger readers Martin, Sarah Catherine. The comic adventures of old mother Hubbard and her dog, 1805 Martin, Sarah Catherine. The comic adventures of old mother Hubbard and her dog. - (London: J.Harris, 1805). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 129. This copy is thought to be the only surviving example in England of the first state of the first edition of this well-known nursery rhyme. It was written and illustrated by Sarah Catherine Martin, in the house of her brother-in-law John Pollexfen Bastard, M.P. at Kitley near Plymouth. In an age where children were used to turgid moral tales this lively rhyme must have come as a source of great delight.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1805mar.html29/07/2004 22:58:56
Devon local studies service. Cowper, William. The history of John Gilpin, 1829
Y: Younger readers Cowper, William. The history of John Gilpin, 1829 Cowper, William. The history of John Gilpin. - (Derby: Thomas Richardson, 1829). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 78. When Gilpin's poem first appeared in 1782 it was not designed for the children's market. However, like Pilgrim's progress, Gulliver's travels and Robinson Crusoe it soon became part of the children's repertoire. This version is attractively printed in a large and widely spaced type. The artist has saved himself some trouble by using the same drawing of a horse and rider three times against different backgrounds.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1829cow.html29/07/2004 22:58:58
Devon local studies service. Aliva, Rene. The anti-spelling book, 3rd ed, 1834
Y. Younger readers Aliva, Rene. The antispelling book, 3rd ed, 1834 Aliva, Rene. The anti-spelling book; a new system of teaching children to read without spelling. 3rd ed. - (London: Bull & Churton, 1834). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 494 This system uses diacritical marks to indicate the pronunciation to be attached to letters appearing in various contexts, thus adding considerably to the numbers of symbols the child has to learn. Nevertheless the notice to the second edition stated that the "unprecedented sale of this little work has already exhausted a very large edition and the demand still continues so great that the publisher have determined to have it stereotyped. Meanwhile to meet the pressing wants of the public, they have printed the present edition, revised and improved by the author for the stereotype edition, which will appear as soon as the plates can be cast."
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1834ali.html29/07/2004 22:58:59
Devon local studies service. House that Jack built, 1845?
Y: Younger readers House that Jack built, 1845? House that Jack built. - (London: J.T.Wood, 1845?). Exeter Reference Library: Moon 123. This popular rhyme has made the transition from children's to adult literature, forming the basis of several satirical versions, such as The political house that Jack built. This copy is bound up with a number of other small chapbooks by the same publisher; Tom Tucker, History of Dick Whittington, Nursery ditties, Nursery rhymes, Cock robin, Jack and Jill and a second copy of the House that Jack built, which as an identical setting of text but a different wrapper.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1845hou.html29/07/2004 22:59:01
Devon local studies service. Bunyan, John. The pilgrim's progress in words of one syllable, 1869
Y: Younger readers Bunyan, John. The pilgrim's progress in words of one syllable, 1869 Bunyan, John. The pilgrim's progress in words of one syllable, by Mary Godolphin. - (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1869). Exeter Reference Library. - Moon 2. Bunyan's masterpiece was first published in 1678 and immediately became a bestseller. It was soon abridged and adapted for younger readers who would devour it as an exciting adventure story while their elders could appreciate the religious allegory. This monosyllabic tour de force is illustrated by brightly coloured woodcuts by Kronheim.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1869bun.html29/07/2004 22:59:02
Devon local studies service. Lang, Andrew. The lilac fairy book, 1914
Y: Younger readers Lang, Andrew. The lilac fairy book, 1914 Lang, Andrew. The lilac fairy book. New impression. - (London : Longman, Green & Co., 1914). Exeter Reference Library. Early children's book collection From the 1880s Andrew Lang was responsible for producing a series of well-loved books of fairy tales, each designated by a different colour. This volume first appeared in 1910 and is illustrated by coloured plates and black and white line drawings by H.J.Ford.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1914lan.html29/07/2004 22:59:03
Devon local studies service. Caldecott, Randolph. The hey diddle diddle picture book, 1883
Y: Younger readers Caldecott, Randolph. The hey diddle diddle picture book, 1883 Caldecott, Randolph. The hey diddle diddle picture book. - (London: George Routledge & Sons, [1883]). Exeter Reference Library. Early children's book collection Randolph Caldecott (1846-86) started work as a bank clerk. After a career change he contributed illustrations to Punch and other periodicals, but is best known for his elegant illustrations to nursery rhymes, his fluency of his draughtsmanship being skilfully rendered into coloured woodcuts by Edmund Evans, the leading exponent of this medium. Since 1938 the Caldecott Medal has been presented annually to the best American artist-illustrator.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1883cal.html29/07/2004 22:59:04
Devon local studies service. Barrie, James M. Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, 1907
Y. Younger readers Barrie, James M. Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, 1907 Barrie, James M. Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens. With drawings by Arthur Rackham. 3rd ed. - (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1907). Exeter Reference Library. Early children's book collection Arthur Rackham (1867-1939) is best known as an illustrator of fairy tales and similar works, including Shakespeare's The tempest, in an art nouveau style in which the creatures portrayed often convey a feeling of menace. Even the trees take on anthropomorphic shapes and many figures are reminiscent of the contemporary Martinware pottery.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/1907bar.html29/07/2004 22:59:04
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/homepage.html
Devon Library and Information Services. Local studies service. Local studies homepage
County Council > Library service > This page (Ref: HOME-A00) Collections | Sources | Lists | Places | Subjects | Persons | Pictures | Maps | Timeline | Search | Contact
Collections
Guides and links to Devon's local heritage collections
Places
Lists of books and articles, historical Devon gazetteer
Sources
Guides to using historical sources, including a history trail
Subjects
Information on a wide range of local topics
Catalogues
Lists and indexes of local collections held in the county
People
Biographies, families, portraits
Special collections
Collections which are not primarily of local significance
Illustrations
Prints, photographs and portraits in our collections
About our website

Some frequently asked questions, search facilities
Maps
Historical mapping of Devon
What's new?
Newsletters, 1901 census, BBC History
Timeline
Pages on different periods of Devon's past Return to top of this page and key links | Contact information relating to this website. This page last updated 3 May 2004 by Ian Maxted Copyright Devon County Council, 2003.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/homepage.html29/07/2004 22:59:05
Devon County Council
Latest News
4.5 million boost to affordable housing in Devon People across Devon are set to receive a 4.5 million boost in affordable housing and community projects funded from Council Tax on second homes. more...
Airport Sale Devon County Council is to sell a majority stake in Exeter Airport. more...
Wonford Home Zone Experience the new Home Zone development with our fly through 3D video clips. more...
New Online Services Existing online services will be unavailable as we release new online services. more...
Devon Libraries Challenge You! Roll-up, roll-up for the Reading Rollercoaster! more...
http://www.devon.gov.uk/29/07/2004 22:59:11
Disclaimer
you are in: home >
Disclaimer
Whilst Devon County Council makes every effort to keep the information on this web site accurate, we disclaim any warranty or representation, express or implied about its accuracy, completeness or appropriateness for a particular purpose. Thus you assume full responsibility for using the information at this web site, and you understand and agree that neither Devon County Council nor any of its employees is responsible or liable for any claim, loss or damage resulting from its use.
Website Links
Devon County Council is not responsible for the contents or reliability of linked websites and does not necessarily endorse the views expressed within them. Listing shall not be taken as endorsement of any kind. We cannot guarantee that these links will work all of the time and we have no control over availability of the linked pages. We do not object to you linking directly to the information that is hosted on this website and you do not need permission to do so.
http://www.devon.gov.uk/disclaimer.shtml29/07/2004 22:59:12

Text To Print To Hypertext PDF Download From Website For Millenium Show at RAMM Exeter

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Text To Print To Hypertext PDF Download From Website For Millenium Show at RAMM Exeter

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Devon local studies service.

From script to print to hypertext: two millennia of Devon's written heritage

Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service

Devon's heritage: D900

From script to print to hypertext

TWO MILLENNIA OF DEVON'S WRITTEN HERITAGE

The aims of the exhibition:

Ian Maxted, County Local Studies Librarian February 2000

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/millexpo.html (6 of 7)29/07/2004 22:52:42

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/millexpo.html (7 of 7)29/07/2004 22:52:42

Exeter City Council

Home > Residents > Leisure

Today is: Thursday 29 July 2004

Devon local studies service. From script to print to hypertext. Exhibition

Devon Library and Information Services

Devon's heritage: D01a

Local Studies Service

From script to print to hypertext: exhibition photographs

TWO MILLENNIA OF DEVON'S WRITTEN HERITAGE

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/script.html (1 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:03

Devon local studies service. From script to print to hypertext. Exhibition

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/script.html (2 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:03

Devon local studies service. Devon's ship of fools

Devon Library and Information Services Local Studies Service

Misc. (in preparation) Devon's ship of fools

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/folly.html (1 of 5)29/07/2004 22:55:12

Devon local studies service. Devon's ship of fools

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/folly.html (2 of 5)29/07/2004 22:55:12

Devon local studies service. Devon's ship of fools

Images not yet scanned

Images not yet scanned.

Image not yet scanned.

Images not yet scanned

Devon local studies service. Devon's ship of fools

71. Of fooles abhominable in foule wordes of ribaudry. (f. 141v)

Image not yet scanned.

Images not yet scanned.

Image not yet scanned

Images not yet scanned.

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/folly.html (4 of 5)29/07/2004 22:55:12

Devon local studies service. Devon's ship of fools

Images not yet scanned.

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/folly.html (5 of 5)29/07/2004 22:55:12

The Bill Douglas Centre

The Devon & Exeter Institution Library

The Devon & Exeter Institution Library

Welcome to the Devon Record Office website

Find out more

http://www.devon.gov.uk/record_office.htm (1 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:21

http://www.devon.gov.uk/record_office.htm (2 of 2)29/07/2004 22:55:21

Exeter Medical Library

EXETER MEDICAL LIBRARY

Origins of our Library and its logo

you are in: home > community >

Find out more

Library and Information Service - University of Exeter

LIBRARY & INFORMATION SERVICE

Library Catalogue Access the OPAC on the web

Index Index to Library web documents

Feedback E-mail us with questions & comments

DEVON AND CORNWALL RECORD SOCIETY

Visits since 6 Nov 2000:

http://www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/wsl.html (3 of 3)29/07/2004 22:55:37